Development of modern information technologies(the introduction of electronic document management, the creation of portals) led to the setting of the task of improving the quality of the provision of public services to public authorities through the introduction of these technologies into the practice of their own activities.

Today there are many different definitions of the term "e-government". In short, e-government can be described as the automation of the process of providing public services. Gartner Group defines e-government as the continuous improvement of service delivery, citizen political participation, and governance by changing internal and external relationships through technical means, Internet and modern media.

Electronic government (e-Government) is a system of interactive interaction between the state and citizens using the Internet, a new model of public administration that transforms traditional relations between citizens and power structures.

A distinction should be made between government provided with an electronic interface (online government, government on-line, GOL) and e-government. It is clear that e-government is always connected with citizens through an online interface. But not always online government is e-government. The latter requires a deeper restructuring of traditional forms of activity.

Electronic government is a way of providing information and providing an already formed set of public services to citizens, businesses, other branches of government and government officials, in which personal interaction between the state and the applicant is minimized and information technologies are used as much as possible.

This is a whole system of public administration based on the automation of the entire set of administrative processes throughout the country and serving the purpose of significantly increasing the efficiency of public administration and reducing the costs of social communications for each member of society. The creation of e-government involves the construction of a nationwide distributed system public administration, which implements the solution of the full range of tasks related to the management of documents and the processes of their processing.

There are four distinct areas of relationship in the e-government model:

• between government services and citizens (G2C - government-to-citizen),
• the state and private companies (G2B - government-to-business),
• government organizations and their employees (G2E - government-to-employee)
• between different government bodies and levels of government (G2G-government-to-government).

E-government has the following main objectives:

• optimization of the provision of government services to the population and business;
• increasing the degree of participation of all voters in the processes of leadership and governance of the country;
• reduction of labor costs and time for processing and preparation of documents, acceptance management decisions;
• increasing the level of performance discipline and simplifying the mechanism for its control
• ensuring efficiency (observance established by law terms) of providing services to the population;
• acceleration of interaction with subordinate organizations, other authorities,
• ensuring openness and accessibility of information about the activities of public authorities and local government and the services they provide;

reducing the costs of government bodies to ensure interaction between themselves and with the population. divisions located in other cities or remote offices;

The creation of e-government provides not only more efficient and less costly administration, but also a fundamental change in the relationship between society and government. Ultimately, this is a factor in improving democracy and increasing the responsibility of government to citizens.

We can distinguish the following principles of the organization of "electronic government"

• Citizen orientation. Citizens (taxpayers) should determine the policy and direction of the project.
• Convenience and ease of use. All electronic applications used in the `digital government` are intended to facilitate the use of the system for citizens, increasing the speed of servicing requests and reducing waiting times.
• Business transformation. Everything software, architecture and infrastructure, and e-government policies aim to make the government system the efficiency of a business model, with its associated value chain.
• Cost and complexity. They should be kept to a minimum so that work with the system does not cause difficulties for either private or corporate users.
• Service. The effectiveness of the "electronic government" should be manifested in its ability to quickly and with least cost serve the largest number of citizens, while providing highest quality service.
• Conformity. Electronic applications must fully comply with the overall architecture of security systems, identification, electronic payments, as well as the overall design of the user interface of the system.
• The scale of decisions. Applications must ensure the interaction between the various structures and bodies that make up the system, and full mutual compatibility.
• Execution. Applications should be consistent with the goal of improving transactions by reducing the duration and complexity of service and effort.
• Reporting. Applications should increase data accuracy and the ability to archive and audit transactions.
• Implementation speed. The term for finalizing and implementing applications should be from three to nine months.
• Ready for action. Governments must be willing to join the system and tailor their work to it. While accepting certain risks, these bodies should be guided by sound examples and common sense, confident in the success and usefulness of the project.

IN international practice Sufficient experience (both positive and negative) has already been accumulated in the development and implementation of the stages and projects for creating the e-government architecture. Today there is no single template that could meet all the conditions and solutions to the problem of e-government formation. Each country has its own unique combination of circumstances, priorities and available resources that can be used to accomplish this task.

Analyzing the experience of building electronic governments in different regions and countries of the world, it is customary to single out three main architectural models that have received practical implementation in America, Europe and Asia. Conventionally, they can be called as follows: the American model, which reflects the specifics of its formation in the United States; European, within the framework of which the development of electronic state structures is carried out in most countries of Western, Central and Eastern Europe. And finally the Asian the model most successful in Singapore and South Korea.

The American model of e-government is developed in the USA and Canada. The program of its creation in the United States primarily aims to simplify and reduce the cost of interaction between citizens and business representatives with government agencies, as well as to make it possible for them to communicate directly with citizens. The American government is gradually becoming the largest consumer of information technology and software in the country. Its expenses on high-tech solutions are estimated at 40-50 billion dollars a year.

In Canada, where there are problems in the provision of services similar to those in Russia and due to the geographical situation - long distances, extreme climatic conditions, the specifics of the northern peoples, low population density in most of the country and cultural diversity, as well as the structure of power (in In the structure of the government of Canada, there is a separation of powers, not a hierarchy of power), the one-stop-shop system at the federal level has been implemented for about a decade. Back in the 1990s, a service-oriented government was announced in Canada. In September 2005, Services Canada was launched as a one-stop-shop for providing multi-channel access to a variety of customer-centric services. By choosing one of the service delivery options, whether by phone, in person or via the Internet, a citizen has universal access to government programs and services. The program is led by the Minister human resources and social development.

Currently, Services Canada has 320 public service locations, the project also has a Services Canada College and a high quality service certification program. In order to achieve vertical integration in the provinces of Canada, similar service delivery agencies exist and cooperate with Services Canada.

The European model is characterized by the presence of supranational institutions - the European Parliament, the European Commission, the European Court of Justice, whose recommendations are binding on all EU countries. Therefore, the European model is focused primarily on leveling the playing field and coordinating the activities of "e-government" for all countries of the European Union.

The Asian model relies on a specific management style, the Asian type corporate culture and a multi-layer system of public administration, organized according to the principle of a hierarchical pyramid. Government South Korea when forming the model of "electronic democracy", the main emphasis was placed on meeting the information needs of the population and the introduction of information and communication technologies in the system of culture and education.

IN Lately government sites on the Internet are becoming more and more popular, the active development of the Web is forcing the authorities of most countries to develop the electronic component of their activities.

A Taylor Nelson Sofres study of more than 28,000 people in 31 countries (Australia, Canada, the United States, Japan, South Korea, Turkey and a number of European countries) showed that the number of citizens using the worldwide web to access government services has increased significantly in recent years, in general, 30% of the population accesses the websites of various government agencies.

According to the study, people primarily turn to government resources for information. At the same time, the percentage of the population that uses them to conclude transactions and receive personalized services has recently increased.

The most popular e-government sites are in Sweden - 57% of the population consider them very useful, as well as in Norway (56%), Singapore and Denmark (53%), England and Japan in this respect have the lowest rates (13%).

Back in March 2001, Japan approved a comprehensive program for the development and implementation in the country of promising information and telecommunication technologies "Electronic Japan" (e-Japan), designed for 2001-2005. Her the main objective- formation of conditions on the territory of the country for the introduction of information technologies, the creation of infrastructure for high-speed data transmission networks, the development e-commerce. All this was supposed to give an impetus to the economy of the country, which has recently been in a state of stagnation.

In mid-2005, the World Bank held a video seminar where the experience of building e-governments in the United States and Canada was presented in concentrated form, and its significance for developing countries (Brazil, Guatemala, Macedonia, Mexico, Sri Lanka, Uganda, etc.) ) . Most of the World Bank's client countries now look to the American and Canadian experience as a source of best practices and training materials for designing and implementing their own national e-government strategies, developing system management frameworks, and creating a unified architecture. Studying the experience of implementing projects in advanced countries is necessary in connection with the desire to avoid common mistakes and maximize the rate of return on investment. At the same time, there are many factors that should be considered and taken into account in specific implementations: the size of the country's population; cultural, socio-economic and political characteristics; prevalence of Internet access in society; sources and readiness to finance projects, etc. All these issues were studied by the executors and participants of the FTP " Electronic Russia”, when developing their own view on the possibility of using foreign experience in our conditions.

Thus, the program for the creation of e-government in many countries of the world suggests that it is necessary to develop information technology as a factor in ensuring effective government and providing the population with quality social services.

Work on the creation of electronic governments in various states is carried out under the slogan of greater openness and accountability of governments to citizens. The electronization of, say, the payment of taxes by citizens is only a technological and completely secondary task in this movement. Accountability, in turn, is not limited to providing some information that citizens need, but is ensured by an open specification of sets of performance indicators for specific state bodies and the creation of means for monitoring these indicators accessible to the population. Building such a system will allow citizens to independently judge the effectiveness of government agencies, and not rely only on the statements of their leaders or superiors and on media reports.

In Russia, the federal target program "Electronic Russia (2002-2010)" has been developed and adopted to implement the project on the introduction of e-government. In 2006 the Government Russian Federation approved the new edition of the Federal Target Program "Electronic Russia (2002-2010)" prepared by the Ministry of Information and Communications of the Russian Federation, in which one of the directions for implementing the program activities is "ensuring the effectiveness of interaction between state authorities with the population and business entities based on ICT", and the Concept of formation adopted a year later in the Russian Federation of e-government until 2010, one of the goals of e-government formation is already defined as improving the quality and accessibility of public services provided to citizens and organizations, simplifying the procedure and reducing the time for their provision, reducing administrative costs on the part of citizens and organizations associated with their receipt, implementation common standards service to citizens. The concept of "electronic government" in the Concept is defined as "a new form of organizing the activities of public authorities, which, through the widespread use of information and communication technologies, provides a qualitatively new level of efficiency and convenience for citizens and organizations to receive public services and information about the results of the activities of state bodies.

According to the Concept, e-government was to be created in two stages:

1) 2008 - development and approval required documents,

2) 2009-2010 - practical implementation.

On September 10, 2009, Decree No. 721 “On Amendments to the Federal target program"Electronic Russia (2002-2010)"".

The new version of the Program practically reflects the activities, goals, performance indicators aimed at building the infrastructure of the e-government of Russia and the implementation of the Concept for the formation of e-government in the Russian Federation until 2010.

According to the provisions of the Program, the construction of the e-government infrastructure will be built on a unified technological platform by combining its functional elements on a single telecommunications infrastructure - information systems of federal executive authorities, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, as well as elements of public access infrastructure - access centers in public reception desks, libraries and Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Post of Russia", departmental and regional call centers, websites of state bodies on the Internet, regional multifunctional centers for the provision of services.

Fulfilling the order of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation assessed the possibility of extending the Program for 2011-2012 and proposed that it be considered inappropriate.

For the programmatic implementation of information policy in public authorities for the needs of the society of the Russian Federation, the development of e-government infrastructure, solving the problems of departmental and regional informatization, the widespread penetration of information and communication technologies into the lives of citizens and organizations, and ultimately the modernization of the economy and social relations in the Russian Federation a new program will be developed - a long-term target program "Information Society (2011-2018)".

It is assumed that the main directions of the program will be the development of state automated information systems, the implementation of departmental programs for the development of the information society, the information development of the regions, and the development of the national information infrastructure. One of the main points of the program is the creation in Russia of "electronic government" at the federal and regional levels.

However, some experts are very skeptical about all the above programs. Their main argument is that the amounts invested by the state for their implementation are huge, if the federal target program "Electronic Russia" cost less than 100 billion, then the long-term target program "Information Society (2011-2018)" is planned to spend 375 billion. rubles. There are also expenses from the budgets of federal and regional executive authorities at various levels. Within the framework of these programs and budgets, state organizations create numerous websites, information systems, Internet portals, etc. Many organizations already have ten "Internet Assets" on their balance sheets, various Information systems and internal corporate portals. Huge expenses go not only for their creation and launch, but also for their maintenance and operation.

Many of the resources described above have already died, some are abandoned and not supported, and most exist only for show and reporting to higher and regulatory authorities. But money from the budget for them is still allocated and mastered, regardless of their current state, and in absolute terms, these amounts are usually much larger than commercial organizations spend on such work.

According to experts who criticize e-government implementation programs, the very idea of ​​creating their own state social networks and various Information Internet portals for budgetary money at any level of government is erroneous and vicious. There are especially many of them on such topics as medicine, education, culture, sports, and youth policy. Moreover, these are not only projects financed from the federal budget, but also regional ones /E.Lerner/

So it will be much better for the state and society if the state reserves the very minimum on the Internet - official sites. Public organizations of any level do not need to create their own public social media and portals, you can perfectly cooperate and use the most successful of the existing ones.

The portal of public services http://www.gosuslugi.ru/ is a system of "one window" of the all-Russian state information center, which makes it possible to carry out, using electronic digital signature technologies, communication between citizens and commercial enterprises with various government organizations providing this or that information and services. This is an innovative project that offers a single infrastructure for the standardization and integration of the provision electronic services and basic management processes within individual government organizations and, therefore, for the transition to interdepartmental electronic interaction and the possibility of providing legally significant remote services to citizens.

A brief excursion into the history of its development: in Russia in 2006, work on the provision of public services in electronic form at the federal level were actually failed. In 2007, on the contrary, large-scale works to create a trusted portal of public services. However, due to the imperfection legislative framework and the need to carry out a wide range of work by the forces of state authorities, it was not possible to provide public services in electronic form. Thus, as of the first quarter of 2008, more than 75% of the Internet resources of the federal executive authorities did not advance in improving the quality of providing information on public services beyond the first, informational, minimum stage. Other departments were even in this issue in a state close to zero. But, finally, on December 15, 2009, the trusted portal of public services - www.gosuslugi.ru, designed to provide citizens and organizations with public services in in electronic format through a single site on the Internet, was launched

The portal "Public Services" (Gosuslugi.ru) is a reference and information portal. Thanks to this portal, any person or organization can obtain information about public services, the procedure for their presentation and execution, and forms of appeal. All information about public services posted on the public services website by regional and federal authorities Russian Federation. Also, the State Services website provides an opportunity to receive these same services.

For a more convenient search for answers to the questions you are looking for, the site is divided into public services provided to individuals and public services provided to legal entities. For a more convenient search, you can make a selection by categories, departments and emerging life situations. The “government services” website also contains pages with all the latest publications and an interesting section dedicated to professional answers to all kinds of questions. In addition to all of the above, on the site "public services" there is a section with the most frequently needed services.

On the public services website, all services are structured and divided into categories, by departments and by life situations. Therefore, finding the service you need should not be so difficult. The site has the following sections:

Information on the site is grouped into the following categories:

For individuals:

• Citizenship, registration, visas
• Family
• Social Security
• Land and property relations
• Taxes and fees
• Law enforcement
• Labor and employment
• Nature management and ecology
• Agriculture and Veterinary
• Culture, art
• Education and science
• Department of Housing and Utilities
• Entrepreneurial activity
• healthcare
• Insurance
• Information technology and communications
• Transport and road economy
• Customs
• Economics, finance, statistics
• Energy

For legal entities

In addition to all those listed for individuals, the section contains additional subsections:

• Non-Profit Organizations
• Production, construction and trade

It is also possible to group data by departments providing a particular service, as well as by life situations. The site contains current news and a reference section "Questions and Answers". In addition to the areas of service providers mentioned above, the website of state services.ru contains a lot of information related to finance, production, housing and communal services and Agriculture, cultures and ecosystems.

On the first stage the portal performs information and reference functions: it contains descriptions of public services, the procedure for their provision, lists of documents required to obtain them, forms and samples of applications, receipts, contacts of relevant state bodies. Now the portal has such a set of information about more than 100 federal and 250 regional public services. Information on the portal is posted and updated by the departments themselves that provide certain services.

Some types of public services available now:

• state inspection Vehicle(record);
• acceptance of applications from citizens on the establishment of labor and state pensions;
• acceptance of applications for voluntary entry into the pension co-financing program;
• informing insured persons about the state of their pension account;
• registration, issuance, replacement of passports of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
• issuing invitations to enter the Russian Federation, as well as making decisions on issuing visas;
• licensing activities for the manufacture of prosthetic and orthopedic products on the orders of citizens, as well as providing information about such organizations;
• licensing of medical activities, as well as providing information about these organizations
• providing information on the provision of high-tech free medical care
• acceptance of a tax return on personal income tax;
• organizing the issuance of a temporary residence permit in the Russian Federation and a residence permit in the Russian Federation to foreign citizens;
• registration at the place of stay and at the place of residence.

Starting from 2011, for most public services on this portal it will be possible to fill out all the necessary forms, then print out the necessary document. From 2012 it will be possible to submit documents electronically.

At the next stages, it will be possible to submit documents to government agencies through the portal in electronic form without a personal appearance. In the future, an electronic document, after it is sent, goes to a certain official for consideration, and the user on the same site can track the status of the document.

The concept of e-government is also based on the idea of ​​forming an electronic document flow, both intradepartmental and interdepartmental. The main significant points from the point of view of documentary support of management for the organization of intradepartmental workflow are the following:

• the probability of losing documents with paperless workflow is reduced to a minimum, in contrast to working with paper documents;
• it takes only a few minutes to search for the required document - attributive search tools provide a quick search for an electronic document even by incomplete details, and when a barcoding system is introduced, an instant search by barcode is possible;
• coordination of documents and decision-making on documents takes from several hours to 2-3 days, even if one approver is in Kaliningrad, and the second in Vladivostok;
• participants in the approval process have access to reviews of other approvers, as well as to versions of the document;
• time and resources are saved to ensure the interaction of employees within the organization by automating memos, applications, internal rules the movement of documents, the appointment of instructions and the formation of reports on the executive discipline, the rapid and controlled familiarization of employees with new documents, the simplification of document management;
• work with citizens' appeals is carried out promptly and accurately in compliance with the deadlines - they are also entered into the system, which sends them according to the regulations laid down in it and controls the timing of the preparation of response decisions;
• documents can even be signed electronically when using an electronic digital signature in an organization;
• managers at various levels have complete picture ongoing processes;
• the costs of ensuring interaction between different authorities are reduced, the administration of this process is simplified;
• there are tools for tracking the timing of the provision by other authorities of the data and documents necessary for decision-making and the provision of public services;
• documents can even be signed electronically when using electronic digital signature in organizations - the transfer of signed electronic digital signature documents may be considered sufficient and not require duplication of paper documents;
• searching for documents, regardless of the organization that prepared them, takes several minutes if the interdepartmental document flow of two or more organizations is implemented in a single information space- all organizations work in fact in a single system.

Access to documents is facilitated, a real possibility of their reuse is created. The prerequisites for the transformation of information into knowledge have been created.

All documents are collected in a single document repository - for an organization that has many departments throughout Russia (or the entire region), it is enough to create a single archive of documents. It is much easier to organize access control to documents when working with electronic documents and their archival storage - access rights are determined by the role of a specialist in BOSS-Referent EDMS systems. To Work with electronic document several specialists can simultaneously use a paper document, while only one employee can use a paper document. The cost of storing documents is reduced, since the electronic archive of documents occupies a much smaller area and requires less maintenance costs.

The creation of e-government is a powerful tool for the system of information and intellectual support and decision-making, which makes it possible to put into practice the knowledge management system in public authorities.

Topic 10. Electronic government in the system of public administration

1. Information technology and the new mission of administrative power

Modern computer technologies are increasingly intruding into the work of power structures, into the relationship between citizens and the state, they determine the ways of transformation and modernization of the state apparatus. July 22, 2000. was accepted Okinawa Charter for the Global Information Society, in which it is emphasized that " information and communication technologies (IT) are one of the most important factors influencing the formation of the society of the twenty-first century . Their revolutionary impact concerns the way people live, their education and work, as well as the interaction between government and civil society. ».

Advances in information technology are changing the nature of the activities of the state and its structures. New information technologies are becoming new political and administrative technologies. Introduction of information and communication technologies makes the work of executive authorities more dynamic and flexible, interactive . Improving the quality of government-provided services, informing citizens is becoming more complete .

ICT, On the one side, deliver the information necessary for the normal functioning of state institutions, on the other hand enable citizens to respond to the practical implementation public policy.

Structurally, the use of ICT in the activities of public institutions means the end of the internal and external "closeness" of the executive power.

liquidation internal closeness means a change not only in the organizational structures of the authorities, but also in the nature of relations between them.

Liquidation external closeness leads to the establishment of a different type of relationship between administrations and citizens . The introduction of information and communication technologies into the activities of executive authorities is gradually taking away the traditions of secrecy in the activities of the administration and lays the foundation of the "glass house"(administrative transparency).

Information and communication technologies change the mission of administrative power in two directions :

1) the political category "interest" acquires a new meaning : technologically facilitating communications between the state and citizens (which has and legal consequences), information technologies return to the state its fundamental functions, which become more conscious and contribute to focusing attention on the primary problems of citizens ;

2) new technologies allow a more balanced transition from regulation to regulation , create a new regulatory mechanism.

Thus, the state begins to perform its functions more effectively and at the same time democratically.

Work in these areas takes place at several levels:

• at the theoretical level it's about understanding information as a management resource , considered along with human and material and put on a par with labor and capital;
• at the technical level unified data banks are being created, document circulation is being computerized, administrative activities are being technologized , which allows you to unify the individual nodes of the regulatory mechanism;
• at the organizational level increased desire to consider information management as one of the priority multidisciplinary tasks relating to the organization as a whole, and not to its individual parts;
• at the state level the range of information processed by public authorities is expanding , growing potential and decentralization computer systems, information support is improving qualitatively, based on the tasks of executive authorities.

Development computer science, software, communication tools allowed government agencies to make greater use of computer technology in their activities. Modern computer programs make it possible to combine previously isolated functions:

• business-production,
• information,
• advice to citizens.

Modern possibilities of computer technologies :

• open access to a much larger volume of information than ever;
• provide the ability to quickly transmit and receive information;
• allow remote use of sources operational information, services of the largest libraries, databases and databanks.

At the same time, the tasks, conditions of functioning and organizational structures of the executive branch differ in specific features that do not allow one to transfer schematically and without changes the understanding of rationalization typical of technical area, for political and administrative management. Executive authorities differ significantly from each other, managerial work is much less amenable to formalization than it might seem at first glance. Feeling a great need for information, the executive structures do not use all the reserves at their disposal. information support. This indicates the need to improve information management, in particular, the adoption of decentralized solutions proposed by the users themselves.

Countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada have accumulated today rich experience in the use of these technologies in public administration, which made it possible to form the concept of "electronic government". The pace with which these countries are entering the modern stage of the information society is enormous.

UK government moved the end date of the program for the development of electronic technologies in society from 2008 to 2005. In accordance with this program, since 2005, every resident of the country who wants to have access to the Internet has received this opportunity; all government services posted information online; the country has become one of the world's leaders in the use of these funds in the economy.

In Canadaa number of programs have been developed to intensify the use of information technologies under common name"Communicating Canadians" (" Connecting Canadians "). Already in 2000, 57% of Canadians had access to the Internet.

IN USA, where electronic technologies in government activities are associated with the administrative reforms of the early 1990s, the movement for "electronic government" intensified with the advent of the new administration of George W. Bush. This movement is the basis of the administrative reform of the new century.

The process of electronization of government activity is also unfolding in other countries. So, in Germany in 1999, a special program was adopted "Modern state - modern management" (" Modern State—Modern Administration ”), based on the principles of the new public management: work better and cost less; perform tasks in a competitive environment; be permeable and open. For this purpose, in 2000, in order to intensify the development of e-government, Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder opened the program “ BundOnline 2005 Egovernment initiative ”, according to which all services of the federal administration that can be carried out via the Internet were transferred to an online form in 2005. Back in 2002, about 69% of the population were inclined to solve their problems with public authorities via the Internet .

2. Sources of information transparency and openness of the state to civil society .

Information plays an important role in organizing the interaction between the state and the citizen. Sufficient, complete and understandable information helps to ensure transparency in the work of executive authorities, provides citizens with the opportunity to participate in the preparation of political and managerial decisions.

Information that a citizen can receive from an executive authority is divided into several types:

— information about the services provided to citizens by the executive structure;

— information about opportunities to participate in decision-making;

— information about office work and methods of work of state institutions;

— reference Information.

Main problem is that how accessible these information services are to citizens and what is their quality . As a rule, executive authorities do not monitor whether their information is taken into account by citizens and how much they understand it.

The executive branch, governmental bodies throughout the civilized world are aware that their successful work becomes impossible without the creation information and communication services, whose work is based on the following principles:

• general availability;
• protection of confidentiality, personal secrecy and security;
• observance of intellectual property rights;
• education and continuous (throughout all life and at any age) training;
• use of the latest achievements computer technology and information technologies.

However, in certain circles a point of view is formed, what the centralization of information resources will lead to the centralization of the power of the government, will allow the undivided control of information and the monopoly exercise of power.

It is also very important how the information received is used. Decision makers rely more on their own knowledge and experience than on information from other sources. For example, in order for a public servant to use information from the Internet in his work, a computer network must become a widely available channel, the same as other communication channels. According to a Gallup poll, more than half of US government employees are wary of the Internet. They are afraid of violating the secrets of private life, an excessive amount of information, they are afraid of losing personal contacts, they are afraid of retraining and stopping in career growth.

History reminds that all major changes in society caused its split, that's why there is the potential that the technological revolution of the second half of the twentieth century will create new "haves" and "have-nots" i.e. those who have access to information and those who do not. What texts, sounds and images will appear on the Internet, who will have access to them - these are largely political decisions that are made by the institutions that provide information.

In the information society, the issues of combining the freedom of public access to information of the executive branch and the protection of its confidentiality, privacy and human rights become especially relevant.

According to French scientist G. Mel, the state and its executive structures become an "information machine" , which collects, produces and processes information . For citizens, this machine - a system of public institutions - should give access to government information, solve their pressing problems, protect their rights and provide an opportunity to influence the decisions that affect their lives. Opening access to their archival information, administrative bodies become transparent to citizens, but citizens, in turn, are revealed from different angles. That's why it is necessary to develop legal norms that regulate and protect information from both sides .

The true power and advantages of computer technology are clearly shown on the Internet. With the advent web -technologies, state institutions got the opportunity to post information about their activities and make it publicly available. The simplicity of their use led to the fact that ordinary citizens began to connect to the Internet.

3. Electronic government and management theory

The formation of electronic technologies for the implementation of government activities changes the very nature of management. In the information society, in comparison with the traditional exercise of power, a new structure and principles of management are emerging, which, in a conceptual sense, is more and more concentrated in the concept of "governance". Can be held differences in a number of criteria between the traditional exercise of power and the new administration .

So, decision-making processes traditionally were built on control and execution of commands , now the main parameters are consent and contract . Traditional Management paid great attention law and regulations , contemporary - non-coercive norms, collective recommendations, moral agreements . Traditional power carried out governments, bureaucracies and parliaments , new management in a networked society, more and more includes in public power such forms as commissions, forums, large democratically organized groups . If earlier management information was centralized and classified , now the information becomes distributed, open , but information processes associated with interfaces and protocols, become networked , include online forums, education, etc.

The concept of governance » reflects changes, which characterize and relations between civil society and public authorities , And relationships within organizational structure states . It is believed that the formed inter-organizational networks in the system of new public administration differ from intra-organizational networks in the system of bureaucratic management.

Networks within hierarchies, or intra-organizational networks, place relationships between actors under a governance structure that governs conflict resolution and guides behavior . Intraorganizational network forms includes joint ventures, strategic alliances, business groups, special rights enterprises, research consortiums, contractual arrangements, and interministerial, interagency, and intersectoral entities . Although there are conflicts in the latter networks, if the level of trust and cooperative cooperation in them is high, then there are significant reductions in transaction costs, better use of joint resources, a greater level of innovation, i.e. more conditions that ensure the effectiveness of management and general activities. In this regard, the Internet and new information technologies provide an additional basis for increased efficiency, although there is resistance to change in government organizations . As writes Jean Fontaine, “intraorganizational networks, partnerships and consortiums could not function at the present level without electronic means. However, the potential of information technology for rapid change in structure, systems, and management has not yet been realized—and may not be. Researchers consistently note that systems and structures resist change even when new information technologies offer efficiency gains. In order to take advantage of the networked computing space, organizations must be able to collaborate both internally and with network partners. ».

There is no unity among researchers as to how the administrative reforms of the recent past (new state management) and the formation of e-government are connected. Some believe that today there is a serious departure from the previous installations. At least, we can talk about the formation of a completely different model of public administration, changing all its parameters. Others are more careful. Often, e-government is seen rather as a new tool for solving largely the same tasks that were set by reforms based on the new public management model (cost reduction, efficiency, competitiveness, etc.). In this regard, not all elements of e-government and directions in their development continue the previous reforms.

In general, there are three main elements of e-government:

1. Electronic democracy and participation (e-democracy and participation ) are intended to form public opinion and make decisions through electronic means (voting, civic networks, etc.);
2. Electronic production networks (electronic production net - work ) are forms of cooperation between public as well as public and private institutions through electronic means;
3. Electronic public services (electronic public services ) are intended to provide services for the benefit of recipients, individuals or companies through local, regional or national portals.

If the first component is related as a whole to the political system, then the other two, to one degree or another, continue what has been started. “I don’t see that New Public Management reforms or related movements have stopped, although many elements have been adapted to national needs and structures,” writes Kuno Shedler, one of the famous researchers of the new public management. — The concept of "e-government" is another opportunity to study changes in the political-administrative system. We should, however, not interpret e-government as the heir of the new public management, but consider this concept as an additional interesting approach to its argument.

4. The concept of "electronic government"

The development of information and electronic technical means has had a serious impact on the structures and processes of public administration. If at first this influence was expressed in an increase in the efficiency of collecting, processing and using information in the decision-making process, then later noticeable transformations began to occur in the institutions and methods of organizing the entire public administration system. Information technologies in public administration are gaining special intensity in the mid-1990s, which is expressed in the emergence of a new concept of "electronic government" (« e - government "). Concepts related to it are formed. "electronic democracy" (« e-democracy »), "electronic control" (« e - governance").

In general, the development of e-government follows the development e-business and e-commerce. stands out "narrow" and "broad" understanding of e-government.

In a broad sense, e-government includes the use of all information and communication technologies from faxes to satellite communications to improve the daily activities of the government .

In a narrow sensepopular interpretation of e-government is in its definition as the exclusively Internet activity of the government , “which allows improving citizens' access to management information, services and expertise for the development of civic participation. It is linked to the State's ongoing duty to improve relations between private individuals and the public sector through intensive, cost-effective and efficient provision of services, information and knowledge. It is practical implementation the best the government has to offer."

There are also "moderate" and "radical" schools in the interpretation of e-government.

In the first sensethis concept reflects improving the activities of public administration through the use of new information technologies, which ultimately makes it possible to increase its effectiveness in providing services to the population .

In the second sense e-government expresses not only the new nature of intra-organizational relations, but also transformation of the whole complex of relations between public administration and society .

Everything these approaches and schools are to some extent related to the understanding of e-government at various stages of its development. The most developed stage allows to form an idea of ​​a "virtual state". As writes Jane Fountain, « web portals that allow the business concept of "7 x 24 x 365" to be applied to government (available seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day, 365 days a year) restructure the relationship between the state and citizens to make it simpler, more interactive and efficient. The virtual state means a government increasingly organized through virtual agencies, cross-agencies and public-private networks whose structures and capabilities depend on the Internet and the web.

Magazine "The Economist" » highlights the following aspects of e-government:

1) establishing a secure government intranet and central database for more efficient and cooperative interaction between government agencies;

2) provision of services on a network basis;

3) application of electronic commerce ( e-commerce ) for more efficient government transactional activities such as supply and contract;

4) digital democracy ( digital democracy ) for more transparent government accountability.

The state, through electronic means, makes it possible to effectively provide services to the population, business organizations, and improve the interaction between the government structures themselves. Wherein the general goals of the state activity are achieved:

• strengthening and expanding forms of cooperation between society and the state;
• promoting economic and social development society and citizens;
• quick and effective response to changing business conditions;
• optimization of the provision of services to the population and business structures; reducing the cost of services;
• increasing the efficiency of intra-organizational relations in public administration;
• development of personnel potential of public administration;
• increasing the responsibility of civil servants, encouraging their initiative and increasing the level of transparency of public administration in general.

5. Main stages of e-government development

The use of electronic and information technologies in public administration goes through a number of stages . Allocate five main stages in this process (according to the United Nations Division of Public Economics and Management and the American Society for Public Administration).

First step — emerging web presence - associated with the release of government agencies in electronic network structures. At this stage, governments have one or more sites that play an informational role. These sites inform citizens about the composition of the government, its ministers, agencies, officials, and so on. Information about phones, addresses, reception hours, etc. is also posted. Sites can also be found feedback» in the form of information about the most frequently asked questions.

Second phase — advanced web presence - allows users to receive specialized and constantly updated information through a variety of government sites. Here you can receive government publications, legal documents, news information. The number of government agencies in the network is increasing, and communication with each of them is possible. There is information about e-mail addresses, search engines, the ability to send a comment or advice.

Third stage — interactive web presence - is characterized by an intensification of the possibility of interaction between citizens and government agencies that provide services to the population. A national government website often acts as a portal linking the user directly to ministers, departments and agencies. Interaction between citizens and service providers allows network users to have direct access to information tailored to their specific needs and interests. The user can receive specialized data, download various forms and forms or sign them through the network, make appointments with officials, participate in electronic meetings. This is where security sites and passwords for users appear.

Fourth stage — transactional web presence - includes the ability for the user to receive documents via the network and carry out transactions. Citizens can obtain visas, passports, birth and death certificates, licenses, permits and other transactional services. The government website is a portal that gives citizens direct access to government departments and services. Such portals are more focused on the needs and priorities of citizens than on government functions and structures. Citizens can also pay taxes and make other payments through the network (for parking, car registration, etc.). At that time the electronic signature is recognized .

Fifth stage — fully integrated web presence - distinguished by the fact that it allows the government to carry out all services and communications through the government portal, and allows the user of the network to immediately receive any service. It is noted that here the boundaries between government departments are very flexible, which allows us to talk about the new quality of the government and the organization of its activities and the functioning of bureaucracy, like a "virtual state" and the corresponding "virtual bureaucracy", "system level bureaucracy".

Some researchers talk about the highest stage of development of e-government, when it is included in the system of e-democracy, which allows e-voting, network public forums, network sociological surveys etc. As Jay Moon writes, "if the previous ... stages refer to networked public services in the administrative sphere, the [last] stage emphasizes the networked political activity of citizens."

6. E-government portals in the world

The level of development of e-government by country, of course, is different. Ongoing comparative studies (some conducted, for example, since 1996 based on Website Attribute Evaluation System (http : // www . cyprg . arizona . edu ) Cyberspace Policy Study Group ( the Cyberspace Policy Research Group ) at the University of Arizona and George Mason University (USA)) show that most developed in this respect are the United Kingdom and the United States, then go India, Australia, Canada and Japan. Countries differ in the level of transparency and interactivity of the government. Thus, the Canadian government is more interactive than transparent, while Australia has a more transparent government, but less interacting with the population. The US government is characterized by the highest degree of transparency and openness.

In Franceaccording to the prime minister's circular, all the ministries of the country had to open their own page on the Internet until December 31, 1997 At the same time, the obligatory observance of the following requirements was required: the information provided must be exhaustive and objective, strictly updated, clear, providing equal access for everyone, and provide answers to the most frequently asked questions.

IN USAa similar project began to develop since July 1, 1997., although his idea arose much earlier. The creation of the National Information Infrastructure (doctrine N11) was one of A. Gore's election promises back in 1991 and was successfully fulfilled by him. Today, all US government agencies not only have a presence on the Internet, but also actively interact with citizens via e-mail. . Determining the value modern ICT for the development of the state and society, A. Gore noted: “These highways, more precisely, networks of distributed intelligence, ... will make it possible to make information publicly available, to establish communication and communication at the level of the world community. This will become a source of constant and sustainable economic growth, will strengthen democracy, find best solutions security tasks environment on a global and local scale, to improve health care and, finally, to fully feel like the real owners of our small planet.

At present, the functioning of e-government is organized in Internet portals, i.e. complex electronic means that ensure the implementation of a number of government functions.

Internet portals perform the following functions:

• searching and obtaining information;
• interaction of citizens and organizations with public authorities;
• holding events for citizens and organizations by public authorities;
• provision of public services.

In Great Britain the main government portal that ensures the work of e-government is "British network portal for citizens" [« UK online Citizen Portal": http: // www. ukonline. gov. UK ], which provides access to government information and services. It appeared in 2001. Every day it is visited by 123 thousand visitors. Before since 1994 information services were provided by the website of the British government www. open. gov. UK , which hosted the websites of individual government departments in alphabetical order. The new portal has access to the site "Entrance to the Government" (" Government Gateway ”), which provides registration services and provides forms of documents (for example, tax forms). The main portal provides access to the websites of commercial enterprises, feedback, consultations, etc.

Canadian government has been aimed at providing complete information and services to the government through the network since 2004. Three government portals are already operating here, providing communication and interaction between citizens and the government. This " Canadian site» (« Canada Site": http:// canada. gs. ca ), « Government on-line» (« Government On-Line”: http :// www. gol-ged. gs. ca ) And " Service to Canada» (« Service Canada": http://www. servicecanada . gs. ca ). "Canadian site" appeared in 1995 and is the main one for providing services through the network.

In the United States of America main government portal « First Gov " put into effect in 2000, ( http: //www. firstgov. gov ) serves to implement the main goals of the fifth stage of the application of information technology to public administration. It is built in accordance with the basic concept of e-government as a system of relations: government - citizens, government - business, inter-agency relations. This portal has brought together over 27 million federal government pages to more effectively search for information and provide services to meet user needs. In 2000, just about every federal agency, most states, and countless local governments provided information and services over the Web. The median number of services provided through the network by state governments was four. Of course, there are differences between different government bodies in the implementation of e-government. Some believe that the federal government is significantly behind the states. In the state of Maryland, for example, by 2002 it was planned to carry out 50% of services through the network, and by 2004 - already 80%. The current US administration is making significant efforts to electronicize its activities.

There are various opinions regarding e-government efficiency level. Its creation did not radically change the institutional structure of public administration. At the same time, new electronic and information technologies are gradually becoming a necessary element of government activities in various countries, modifying and sometimes radically changing approaches and attitudes in the administrative environment. The “fashion” for e-government reflects the current state of the information society, which makes it possible to make administrative and state activities and structures more open, transparent and efficient .

Comparison e-government formation strategies, for example, in Russia and Germany, allows us to conclude that, firstly, in Western countries, its goals and objectives are more specific and related to administrative reform, second, they most closely connected with the development of e-democracy although it has its own difficulties. For example, in Germany, out of 90 surveyed cities, 89% do not have an e-government development strategy and do not have information about the expectations of their citizens regarding e-government. The main disadvantages of implementation are considered (according to Prof. Michael Breitner):

- low activity in the use of electronic signatures;

- insufficient standardization of services and activities;

- lack of necessary legal norms;

- insufficient technological support;

- information overload;

- weak management and organization (organizational resistance);

- problems of consciousness and culture;

- lack of strategy and policy.

So, the functions of e-government are defined as follows:

Organization of public administration based on electronic means of processing, transmitting and disseminating information, providing services to state bodies of all branches of government to all categories of citizens (pensioners, workers, businessmen, civil servants, etc.) by electronic means, informing

I use the same means of citizens about the work of state bodies;

Information technologies in public administration;

State on the Internet;

A metaphor that means information interaction between public authorities and society using information and telecommunication technologies;

Transformed for government and government organizations ideas of electronic business in which the government acts as a kind of corporate user of information technologies;

Automated public services, the main functions of which are; ensuring free access of citizens to all necessary government information, collection of taxes, registration of vehicles and patents, issuance of the necessary information, conclusion of agreements and registration of supplies of materials and equipment necessary for the state apparatus;

The use of new technologies, including Internet technologies, in government bodies.

The introduction of e-government technologies can lead to a reduction in costs and savings of taxpayers' funds for the maintenance and financing of the state apparatus, an increase in the openness and transparency of the activities of government bodies.

E-government allows, among other things, to solve three main problems of power: to introduce electronic document management, which will reduce bureaucratic delays and speed up decision-making; make a state and municipal government more transparent, bureaucratize power and bring it closer to the citizens.

E-government gives citizens more opportunities to influence the life of the country by giving them the opportunity to express their point of view through Internet technologies. At the same time, the Internet allows public authorities to increase their importance and influence by providing new services that are maximally adapted to the consumer. It is important to note that e-government is not automation. existing processes, not duplication of off-line activities in electronic form, but the creation of new processes and new relationships between "governed and ruling", aimed at increasing the efficiency of the state as a whole.

Thus, e-government is the concept of a new system of state administration, an element of a large-scale information transformation of society. Changing the legal framework, educational priorities, principles of budget formation and spending, environmental guidelines, redistribution of areas of priority competence of state and public structures, shifting emphasis in the economy, updating and expanding value structures, shifting emphasis in the economy, updating and expanding the value paradigms of society - all this, together with many other components of the life of society, is the basis for the reengineering of public administration based on the creation and functioning of the principles of e-government.

The introduction of e-government in the country harmonizes the relationship between the authorities and the population, reduces dissatisfaction with the authorities, softens the political confrontation due to the constructive electronic dialogue of the whole society and the authorities. As a result, a new paradigm of public administration is being formed, based on the interaction via the Internet of all structures and institutions of society: civil servants, business, active citizens, educational and research institutions, public groups, civil organizations.

2. Three stages of e-government

Usually, there are three stages in the process of e-government implementation.

Stage 1 ( publicity). At this stage, ICT tools expand and make faster and more targeted access of citizens, organizations and enterprises to government information. To implement this stage, the authorities create their own websites, which contain legislative and other legal acts, forms of necessary documents, statistical and economic data. The main element of this stage is the speed of updating information and the availability of a government web portal that integrates all government information resources and provides access to them “through one window”. This stage in Belarus is actually implemented by the website of the president, supplemented by websites of the government, ministries, executive committees and other authorities.

Stage 2 ( online transactions). At the second stage, public services (registration of real estate and land plots, filling in tax returns, filing applications for permits) are provided online. The transition to this stage allows optimizing bureaucratic and labor-intensive procedures, reduces the scale of corruption (virtual contact with an official reduces his ability to extort bribes). The implementation of this stage allows the authorities to provide services in electronic form (e-services) to the population and firms 24 hours a day and 7 days a week through a "single window" (the government portal mentioned above).

Stage 3 ( participation). At the third stage, the participation of society in public administration is ensured by providing interactive interaction between citizens and firms with politicians and officials throughout the entire cycle of public policy development at all levels of government. It is implemented with the help of web forums, where draft normative and legislative acts are discussed, proposals are accumulated. A typical example of a web forum was organized quite recently in Belarus on the issues of the Belarusian state ideology.

3. Top Ten E-Government Actions

1. Systematically announce all government meetings. Report time, place, agenda, and provide information about opportunities for citizens to submit proposals, participate or observe (virtually) the proceedings.

2. Place a “democracy button” on the home page of the website, which opens to the user a special section on the purpose and mission of government agencies and organizations, key government officials, links to basic laws, budget details, and other government accountability information. Publish information about how citizens can most effectively influence the policies of an institution. It may contain links to relevant committees and bodies of the national/local parliament.

Structure of e-government

E-government is a communication environment where power structures and civil society interact. It reflects the objective processes of political management modern society in various directions.

The following modules are distinguished in the structure of e-government:

Interaction of state bodies with citizens (G2C);

Interaction of state bodies with private business (G2B);

Interaction of government agencies with public organizations and local governments (G2G);

Interaction of state bodies with partners and suppliers necessary services(G2B);

Interaction of state bodies among themselves (between the legislative, executive and judicial branches; between ministries and departments of the central government; between central and local authorities authorities; between individual civil servants (politicians) (G2G);

Interaction of state bodies of a certain country with foreign entities (foreign citizens, businesses, governments of other countries and international organizations) (G2G).

In the very general view e-government structure can be represented in Figure 1:

Figure 1. e-government modules.

So, the first component is the Government-to-Government module - the interaction between various branches of government. In general, the functions of the “government to government” service can be described as reducing the cost of government work, speeding up the passage of documents through its structures, increasing the ability to control the activities of individual bodies and employees, increasing competition between employees and improving their qualifications, and most importantly, preventing corruption.

E-government transforms not only the relations between citizens and power structures, but also relations within the government - between its individual branches, levels, divisions. Moreover, not only the network infrastructure of the executive branch is subject to change, but in general the entire infrastructure of state power and administration. That is, from this point of view, it would be more accurate to call e-government an electronic state, an electronic state apparatus, electronic infrastructure State, State of the Information Society.

The electronicization of government activity in the field of communication between departments and agencies, between central and local governments, between individual politicians provides a number of benefits, such as increasing the reliability of data and the efficiency of their application, reducing the cost of transactions, improving the use of knowledge bases and improving the state structure.

Speaking about e-government and, in particular, about the introduction of the G2G module, it should be understood that, first of all, we are talking about the informatization of all management processes in public authorities at all levels, the informatization of interdepartmental relationships, the creation of computer systems capable of supporting all the functions of interaction between these bodies and population and businesses. It is impossible to talk about the fact that an intragovernmental transaction is implemented in an electronic, paperless mode, if the relevant process is not automated in the departments or there is no electronic document management. Separate operations, say, forwarding by e-mail A document that is printed out again by the addressee for submission to another official for signature does not in any way characterize the government as electronic. For example, the "Elektronische Akt" (ELAK) project is one of the central elements of the "electronic government" program in Austria throughout the federal administration and is used in 12 federal ministries.

When implementing e-government in this module, there is a shift in emphasis from vertical to horizontal links within the government, between its various departments and branches of government. By creating an intragovernmental information network and transferring to it the main and specific databases with which different parts of the government structure work, the forced duplication of functions and information, the parallel exercise of control and supervision over the work of individual bodies and the performance of individual works are eliminated.

Open, publicly accessible information resources for each member of the intragovernmental network make it possible to avoid situations where, at a certain stage in the passage of information through the levels of the government hierarchy, it is deliberately distorted, some facts are concealed and others are falsified. The possibility of such falsification today is often the reason for the spread of corruption - due to the desire of some officials to hide certain facts or to achieve a favorable decision for them.

Another immediate consequence of the introduction of the G2G service is the complete transition to electronic document management of all government structures, which provides significant savings in consumables and time for junior staff, which is still spent on the transfer, reproduction, search and distribution of documents.

The second e-government module is the Government-to-Business (G2B) relationship, which describes the relationship between government and private economy based on the use of modern information and communication technologies. The state has a large number of diverse ties not only with individual citizens, but also with legal entities representing economy, entrepreneurship and business. The use of electronic tools and technologies facilitates the design and implementation of a variety of business processes. An example of such a relationship would be open auction or tenders via the Internet or electronic submission of applications for various changes.

At the G2B/B2G level, the implementation of e-government makes it possible to reduce the costs of government agencies through the optimal use of outsourcing technologies and create a more transparent public procurement system (eProcurement) .

one system electronic public procurement involves the creation of a portal where government bodies must announce tenders and conditions for their holding, which has already been successfully implemented in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This will solve the problem of free competition in state procurements and avoid market distortions resulting from preference for certain producers.

For business organizations that spend an unacceptable amount of time reporting to regulatory government agencies, e-government will allow the following operations to be transferred online: payments to social insurance funds for employees; payment of VAT (declaration, notification of the results of verification of declarations); registration of new companies; providing information to statistical authorities; innings customs declarations etc.

The third module is Government-to-Citizen, interaction between the state and citizens. The functioning of G2B and G2C services means, first of all, the creation of appropriate network resources, on the basis of which the services themselves are already being built.

Now bringing information to citizens is mainly carried out through the media and is irregular. People do not have access to necessary documents as needed. The e-government system provides citizens with the following opportunities:

Reducing the time to apply for services and the time for the provision of services by government agencies. Citizens will be able to access government websites and fill out forms, make appointments, purchase licenses and permits, apply tax returns and applications for social benefits (issue unemployment benefits, for a child, etc.), search for work through employment services, issue personal documents (passport, driver's license), register vehicles, certificates (birth, marriage), submit applications for admission to higher educational establishments, inform about a change of residence, etc. Thus, in the Republic of Belarus, the service of electronic tax declaration is already available using the website of the certification center of the Republican unitary enterprise"Information and publishing center for taxes and fees".

Delivering services through better collaboration across government agencies. Citizens will not need to carry certificates from one department to another - an online application will be enough, in which all further exchange of documents and information will take place within the electronic government within a fixed time frame.

The public will be better informed about government laws, regulations, policies and services. Access to a variety of information will be simplified: bills, materials of hearings in committees and documents on the budget. It will be possible to monitor the actions of their elected representatives, create groups of influence and express their opinions in real time. The vast majority of sites offer departmental phone numbers (70%) and postal addresses (67%). Nearly 71% of government websites worldwide offer various publications of documents to citizens, and 41% provide databases. Almost 42% have links to external non-governmental sites where a citizen can apply for additional information.

E-government implements the concept of transparent government, or the so-called e-democracy (e-democracy). The increase in the degree of transparency of the work of state bodies should improve public control over the work of the government and reduce the level of corruption. Citizens will be able to more effectively influence the adoption of managerial decisions in the state. Government projects will be based more on priorities set by citizens rather than solely by the government.

People living abroad will be able to participate in the affairs of their fatherland. The introduction of e-government will contribute to the development of existing online civil forums (online citizens "forums) and the practice of electronic petitions (e-petitions). The Internet will be more widely used for organizing elections (online voter registration, publication of results, use of the Internet to simplify the voting process). Online Elections will allow people to vote virtually anywhere, using the device of their choice, a service provided by the Irish government's website.

Thus, the G2B and G2C services are aimed at a wide audience, at representatives of all social groups that in one way or another are in the sphere of influence of these services. The professional elite of the information technology industry only coordinates and corrects the process of forming the information society and implementing the e-government project. Everyone is gradually becoming users of e-government services social groups, since the purpose of creating e-government is the optimization of social, political and economic processes associated with power.

Based on the considered aspects, we can say that the organic interaction of the government, business and citizens within the framework of the e-government creation project makes it possible to accelerate the development of the economy, reduce the costs of bureaucratic procedures, increase the efficiency and productivity of government departments, expand the population's opportunities in the formation of civil society through improving access to various kinds of information, creating more transparent work public services, weakening bureaucratic barriers.