The very concept of working time implies the period for which the employee fulfills his labor obligations in accordance with the contract concluded with him and the principles internal regulations. This definition also includes other time periods called working time in the Labor Code.

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Legislation

According to article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the norm cannot exceed 40 hours a week. In cases where the employer, following the law, must establish a reduced work time, approved 24, 35 or 36 hours a week.

The RV norm is necessary for establishing, as well as for paying, on weekends and holidays.

RW standards

The following time limits are distinguished:

• Work week. It can consist of five days (Saturday and Sunday are days off), or six, but its duration should normally be 40 hours, or with a reduced RV - 24, 35 or 36.
• Change. The concept of a work shift includes the time after which workers employed in the same labor process replace each other. It happens day and night. When working in shifts, sometimes there is such a nuance as the inability to reduce the duration of the shift when it is provided (for example, on a holiday day). Then this time is considered processing and is paid in accordance with the norms. overtime or compensated by providing . Payment night shift(from 22.00 to 06.00) occurs at an increased rate, which is approved by the employer.
• Working day. The time during the day in which the work is done. Normally equal to 8 hours.
• Accounting period. Hours worked for a calendar period (for example, a quarter or a month, but not more than a year). This period allows you to correlate hours with the standards established by law. This is a kind of control over the RW norm.
• Employment limit. Employment limit set by law. An example would be . The number of hours worked in this case cannot exceed half of the RW norm per month. With a 40-hour working week in October 2019, part-time work should not take more than 84 hours.

Accounting for RV is selected in accordance with the specifics of the enterprise.

Rules and examples for calculating working hours

Working time calculation takes into account a large number of factors, but the main one is the work schedule. It can be daily, weekly and summarized. The latter involves a shift schedule.

In addition, when accounting for RW, the following are provided:

• view working week: five days, six days;
• daily duration of labor activity;
• the time when the work was started and finished;
• breaks;
• sequence of working days with non-working days;
• number of shifts in 24 hours;
• Availability public holidays when the hours of work are shortened.

Monthly calculation

In general, the calculation of RV for a month with a five-day period is made according to the following formula:

Ntotal \u003d Prv: 5 x Krd - 1 hour x Efficiency, where:

• Ntot - norm RV;
• Prv - the duration of RV per week (40.35, 36 or 24);
• Krd - the number of working days in the period (month, year);
• Kppd - the number of pre-holiday days.

For example:

There are 21 working days in October 2019. So, with a 40-hour week, it will turn out: 40: 5 x 21 - 0 = 168 hours. At 36 hours: 36: 5 (days) x 21 = 151.2 hours. Hence the conclusion is this: the maximum working hours in October 2019 should not exceed 168 hours.

Six days

A six-day week also cannot exceed 40 hours in total.

Let's take the same October with a six-day period. There will be 26 working days, the norm is 168 hours. Divide 168 by 26 for about 6 and a half hours a day. But in the Russian Federation, a 7-hour workday is used for a six-day working week, and before the weekend it is reduced to 5 hours.

On the eve of a holiday with a five-day working day, the working day is reduced by one hour, a six-day working day cannot be more than five hours.

Number of working days between dates (formula)

Excel has a function called NETWORKDAYS. Its arguments are start and end dates. These are required values. And also an optional argument - holidays. When entering data on holidays, these days are excluded from the calculation.

Calculation of RW for 2019

The production calendar is taken as the basis. Here it must be taken into account that the year is a leap year, and there are 366 days in it. There are 247 working days. Weekends and holidays - 119. There are only two pre-holiday days this year.

Calculating according to the formula (if a 40-hour work week is taken), it turns out: 8 * 366 - 2 = 1974 hours.

If we take into account a week consisting of 36 hours, then a year will turn out to be 1776.4 hours. And with a 24-hour week, respectively, 1183.6 hours of RV.

Calculation with a shift schedule

With such a schedule is often used.

Summary accounting is used for shift schedules, rolling holidays, and approval.

The need for such accounting arises in cases where the required norm, for example, 40 hours a week, is not maintained. But it is equalized for a certain accounting period - it can be 1 month (which is more convenient), a quarter or a year.

Example:

Driver Yu.P. Ivanov, who works at Petra LLC, where summary accounting is introduced, and a quarter is taken for calculation, worked 447 hours from January to March 2019 inclusive.

Of them:

• 118 hours in January;
• 145 hours in February;
• 184 hours in March.

This driver is an employee with a 40-hour work week. This means that the norm for the first quarter is 447 hours, where:

• 120 hours - January;
• 159 hours - February;
• 168 hours - March.

It can be seen from the calculations that the norm was not exceeded.

Calculation of RV on a business trip

The seconded person performs an official assignment, and not his own function determined by the employment contract.

In accordance with this, the time spent by the employee in is not the working time that is defined in Article 91 of the Labor Code.

The duration of the RV in this case is set based on several factors:

• the nature of the job;
• execution conditions;
• host mode.

When recruiting for a business trip on weekends or holidays, these days must be marked and paid accordingly.

Calculation of RV with a schedule in three days

Such a schedule is referred to as either shift work or flexible work. In this case, the norm of 40 hours a week cannot be met. Therefore, hours in excess of the norm will be considered overtime, and their number will be determined at the end of the accounting period.

Here it is more convenient to choose a period for accounting equal to one year. Then the processing will be compensated by the defect.

Settlement at partial rate

For a normal working week (40 hours), the calculation is as follows:

• If 0.75 of the rate is taken into account, then 40 * 0.75 = 30 hours per week. With a five-day week - 30 divided by 5, it turns out that the daily norm is 6 hours. To calculate the number of hours per month, you need 30: 5 * (the number of working days in a calendar month). For example, February 2019 has 20 business days. So 30: 5 * 20 = 120 hours.
• 0.25 rate: 40 * 0.25 = 10 hours. It should be borne in mind that working time can be distributed as 5 days for 2 hours, and 2 days for 5 hours. Next, we also take February: divide 10 by 5 and multiply by 20. It turns out 40 hours a month.

Labor activity of a citizen Russian Federation has certain restrictions on hours, so there is an average monthly norm of working hours. This is extremely useful information for a variety of calculations of various payments by the employer. You also need to know the maximum number of working hours in a work week. Let's analyze all these questions in more detail.

Legislative basis

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation gives fairly clear definitions. Most of the people do labor activity at 40 hour week. It turns out that for every day there are about eight hours of work activity. This figure is obtained due to the fact that most organizations have a five-day labor week, in which the same daily working day. For this reason, settling on workplace Please read the work schedule carefully.

The average number of days is also an extremely important figure in the labor process. The calculation has a lot of certain nuances. The average number of working days per month in 2019, if there are no holidays, is approximately one day. However, if we consider the months when there are long festivities, such as New Year and others, their number is significantly reduced. So, for example, July will contain 21-23 business days if weekends are subtracted. But the same January or May will be shorter:

• January accounts for only sixteen working days out of 31. Most often, holidays last from the first to the ninth day.
• If we evaluate May with its long holidays, then in 2019 only twenty working days fall. With holidays, there are eleven days off.

However, a similar number of workdays is valid if the working week is a five-day period. Is a longer duration possible? Actually - yes. Legislation allows employers to increase the usual work week for many by one more day. It turns out that the only day off is Sunday. In this case, from calendar days should be deducted one day a week. However, the number of hours should still not exceed a forty-hour work week.

Hourly limit

Of course, the length of the working day, like the week, may vary depending on certain circumstances. Basically, factors such as:

• Employee age.
• The state of his health.
• Working conditions.

Now consider the norm for certain groups of people. In this case, only the duration of the working week is considered:

• In the event that a teenager from 14 to 16 years of age is employed, he has the right to work no more than 24 hours a week. Moreover, he should do this only during school holidays.
• For adolescents from 16 to 18 years old, the work week is increased by another twelve hours, that is, in total - 36 hours. The duration will decrease if he is going to work during the study period. Then his working week is equal to 24 hours.
• In the event that a citizen performs labor activity in conditions that are potentially dangerous to his health or even dangerous at all, his working day is less than the 40-hour norm. He can work as long as a teenager from sixteen to eighteen years old - 36 hours.
• If we are talking about disabled people of groups I and II, then they also have restrictions less than the norm. This does not mean that they cannot carry out normal activities, just that the legislation protects their health. For this group of persons, 35 working hours per week are provided.
• Some professions have special working conditions. For example, teachers work depending on what period of study students or schoolchildren have. The presence of exams complicates the situation somewhat.
• Doctors depend on the possibility of an epidemic disease in the city. In this case, they work beyond normal conditions, since the elimination of the disease is an extremely important task.
• Some leaders of organizations may voluntarily facilitate the work of women. Often those who are raising children under the age of fourteen or a disabled child. In this case, they determine the optimal working conditions.

As a conclusion, I would like to say that work activities above the norm should go under the classification of overtime hours and be paid at a different rate, while being carried out only with the consent of the employee. Any other action in this case is illegal.

The production calendar of Russia for 2017 contains information on how many working days are in a year, how Russians relax, how many days the New Year holidays, May holidays last, as well as the transfer of weekends and non-working holidays. It provides working time norms for months, quarters, half-years and for the whole year with a 40-, 36- and 24-hour five-day working week.

Production calendar of Russia for 2017

• weekends and holidays
• pre-holiday days
  (with reduced working day by 1 hour)

I quarter

II quarter

III quarter

IV quarter

The production calendar for 2017 shows the norm of working hours for months, quarters and 2017 as a whole with 40-, 36- and 24-hour working weeks, as well as the number of working days and days off with a five-day working week with two days off.

Article 112 Labor Code Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) (as amended federal law dated 23.04.12 No. 35-FZ) non-working holidays in the Russian Federation are:

• January 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 - New Year holidays;
• January 7 - Christmas;
• February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day;
• March 8 - International Women's Day;
• May 1 - Spring and Labor Day;
• May 9 - Victory Day;
• June 12 - Day of Russia;
• November 4 is National Unity Day.

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation established that if a weekend and a non-working holiday coincide, the day off is transferred to the next working day after the holiday. Thus, in 2017, days off are transferred:

• from Saturday 4 November to Monday 6 November.

The exception is weekends coinciding with non-working holidays in January. In accordance with Art. 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation has the right to transfer two days off from the number of days off coinciding with non-working January holidays to other days in the next calendar year. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 04.08.2016 No. 756 provides for the postponement of days off:

• from Sunday 1 January for Friday 24 February;
• from Saturday 7 January to Monday 8 May.

In accordance with the "Procedure for calculating the norm of working time for certain calendar periods of time (month, quarter, year), depending on the established duration of working time per week", approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated August 13, 2009 No. 588n, this norm is calculated according to the settlement schedule of the five-day working week with two days off on Saturday and Sunday, based on the duration daily work(shifts):

• with a 40-hour work week - 8 hours;
• with a 36-hour work week - 7.2 hours;
• with a 24-hour work week - 4.8 hours.

The duration of the working day or shift immediately preceding a non-working holiday is reduced by one hour. In 2017, such pre-holiday working days are:

• February 22;
• March 7;
• the 3rd of November.

The norm of working time calculated in the specified order applies to all modes of work and rest.

An example of calculating the norm of working hours in November 2017 with a five-day working week with two days off (initial data: 21 working days, on November 3, the working day was reduced by 1 hour):

• calculation for a 40-hour work week:
  (8 hours x 21 days) - 1 hour = 167 hours;
• 
  (7.2 hours x 21 days) - 1 hour = 150.2 hours;
• 
  (4.8 hours x 21 days) - 1 hour = 99.8 hours.

In 2017, 247 working days, including 3 working days reduced by one hour. Calculation of the norm of working hours for 2017 with a five-day working week with two days off:

• with a 40 hour work week:
  (8 hours x 247 days - 3 hours) = 1973 hours;
• with a 36-hour work week:
  (7.2 hours x 247 days - 3 hours) = 1775.4 hours;
• with a 24-hour work week:
  (4.8 hours x 247 days - 3 hours) = 1182.6 hours.

The norm of working hours for 2018 is the total amount of days and hours to be worked out for a certain period by each employee. It is convenient to track the standard according to the production calendar. It provides monthly calculations of working days, weekends, holidays and norms of working hours for different working weeks. The provisions of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and the Order of the Ministry of Health of August 13, 2009 No. 588n “On the procedure for calculating the norm of working hours” are taken as the basis for deriving normative values.

Working hours 2018

The determination of the standard of working out is necessary for the implementation of monthly accruals for wages. If the amount of time worked according to the time sheet meets the standard, the employee can expect to receive the full amount of remuneration prescribed in employment contract. If the hours worked are less than the norm, the amount of the salary and the allowances depending on it will decrease in proportion to the output.

The current norm of working hours for 2018 - table:

The norm of working hours for the 2018 reporting year, broken down by months, varies due to the unequal duration of working weeks for different categories personnel. In the standard version, the weekly work rate is 40 hours (8 hours daily with two days off, one of which falls on Sunday). For some groups of employees, the employer is obliged to set a reduced working time - 36 hours a week or 24 hours (with daily working hours of 7.2 and 4.8 hours, respectively).

An independent calculation of the standard of working off may also be necessary if underage workers are employed at the enterprise. The limit values ​​for the duration of daily labor for them are determined by Art. 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

The monthly norm of working hours for 2018 is the lowest in January. This is due to the long New Year holidays. There is one public holiday in February, before this date the working day for all employees must be reduced by 1 hour.

The duration of working hours is also affected by the postponement of weekends and holidays. For 2018, the list of such transfers approved by the Government in Resolution No. 1250 of October 14, 2017. The standard of working hours for March 2018 takes into account the holiday and the transfer from January 6. Due to this, two additional days of rest and one shortened working day were formed during the month.

The work schedule was adjusted in April as well. In May, there are typical breaks for this month for "long" weekends.

The norm of working hours for June 2018 contains the transfer of the day off, implemented within one month. The hourly standard for working out is set taking into account the public holiday on June 12 and the shortened shift the day before (20 working days x 8 hours in each working day - 1 hour reduction before the holiday = 159 hours per month).

The norm of working hours in July 2018 does not have "holiday" nuances, it reflects only full working days. Consider an example of calculating the July standard:

• in relation to the base 40-hour week - 176 hours (22 working days x 8 hours of daily work);
• for a 36-hour weekly output, a standard of 158.4 hours is used (22 working days x 7.2 hours of work per day);
• with a 24-hour weekly rate, the hourly working time per month will be 105.6 hours (22 working days x 4.8 hours of daily work).

The norm of working hours in August 2018 does not contain holidays or shortened days. Extra days there is no rest in September-October. There is one holiday in November, but there is no reduction in the working day before it. In December there is an intra-month transfer and 1 shortened day on the 29th.

The formula for calculating the norm of working hours

The standard for working time for a certain month is calculated according to the following algorithm:

The duration of the working week in hours / 5 x The number of working days in a particular month by production calendar for a five-day working week - Hours for which the working time was reduced in the month in question on pre-holiday dates.

The annual norm of working time is calculated in a similar way, only the number of all working days in a year and the total annual number of hours by which work is reduced on pre-holiday days are taken into account for calculation.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the normal duration of the working week should not exceed 40 hours, including during the “six-day work” (Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

The norm for summarized accounting

When summarizing the accounting of work time, the accountant should be guided by the standards of the settlement interval approved at the enterprise without being tied separately to each month. During one such interval, according to the time sheet, the employee may alternate periods of processing and shortcomings, and according to total amount hours for the required period, compliance with the standard is obtained.

For example, the norms of working hours for 2018 in the date range from January to March with a 40-hour week are 446 hours (136 hours + 151 hours + 159 hours). According to the timesheets for the indicated months, the employee recorded the following data on working out:

• in January 122 hours at a rate of 136 hours;
• in February 159 hours with the standard equal to 151 hours;
• in March, 165 hours were worked, which is 6 hours higher than the base rate of 159 hours.

As a result, for 3 months a person worked the prescribed 446 hours (122 + 159 + 165), there is no overtime, the employee will receive a salary in the prescribed amount.