AGRICULTURE: THREE MAIN TYPES.

For the main types of agricultural products, most countries fully meet their needs and are interested in selling them on foreign markets. The main type of agricultural enterprise is a large highly mechanized farm. But in Southern Europe, landownership and small-scale land use by tenant peasants still predominate.

Main Industries Agriculture foreign Europe - crop and livestock, which are ubiquitous, combined with each other. Under the influence of natural and historical conditions, three main types of agriculture have developed in the region:

1) Northern European, 2) Central European and 3) South European.

For northern European type, common in Scandinavia, Finland, as well as in the UK, is characterized by the predominance of intense dairy farming, and in the crop production serving it - fodder crops and gray bread.

Central European type It is distinguished by the predominance of dairy and dairy-meat cattle breeding, as well as pig and poultry farming. Animal husbandry has reached a very high level in Denmark, where it has long been an industry international specialization. This country is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of butter, milk, cheese, pork and eggs. It is often referred to as the "dairy farm" of Europe.

Crop production not only satisfies the basic needs of the population in food, but also "works" for animal husbandry. A significant and sometimes predominant part of arable land is occupied by fodder crops.

For southern European type characterized by a significant predominance of crop production, while animal husbandry plays a secondary role. Although grain crops occupy the main place in the crops, the international specialization of Southern Europe is determined primarily by the production of fruits, citrus fruits, grapes, olives, almonds, nuts, tobacco, and essential oil crops. The Mediterranean coast is the main "garden of Europe".

The entire Mediterranean coast of Spain, and especially the region of Valencia, is usually called "huerta", that is, "garden". Various fruits and vegetables are grown here, but most of all - oranges, which are harvested from December to March. In the export of oranges, Spain ranks first in the world. There are over 90 million olive trees in Greece. This tree has become a kind of national symbol for the Greeks. Since the time of Ancient Hellas, the olive branch has been a sign of peace.

In many cases, the specialization of agriculture acquires a narrower profile. So, France, the Netherlands and Switzerland are famous for cheese production, the Netherlands for flowers, Germany and the Czech Republic for growing barley and hops and brewing. And in terms of the production and consumption of grape wines, France, Spain, Italy, Portugal stand out not only in Europe, but throughout the world.

Fishing has long been an international specialty in Norway, Denmark and especially Iceland.

Tasks and tests on the topic "Agriculture: three main types."

• Settlement types - Population of the Earth Grade 7
• India - Eurasia 7th grade

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• USA - North America Grade 7

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• Economic activity of the world population - Population of the Earth Grade 7

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• States of Africa - Africa Grade 7

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Leading ideas: show the diversity of cultural worlds, models of economic and political development, the interconnection and interdependence of the countries of the world; and also to be convinced of the need for a deep understanding of the patterns of social development and the processes that are taking place in the world.

Basic concepts: Western European (North American) type of transport system, port-industrial complex, "axis of development", metropolitan region, industrial belt, "false urbanization", latifundia, shipstations, megalopolis, "technopolis", "growth pole", "growth corridors"; colonial type of branch structure, monoculture, apartheid, subregion.

Skills: be able to assess the impact of EGP and GWP, the history of settlement and development, the characteristics of the population and labor resources region, country to industry and territorial structure farms, level economic development, role in the MGRT of the region, country; identify problems and predict the prospects for the development of the region, country; highlight the specific, defining features of individual countries and give them an explanation; find similarities and differences in the population and economy of individual countries and give them an explanation, compile and analyze maps and cartograms.

Goals: form an understanding of European agriculture.

Equipment: climate map, political map, map of natural areas, soil map.

Lesson type: practical lesson.

1. Why do Great Britain and Germany, when extracting their coal, import it from Australia and the USA? (Transporting coal across the ocean is cheaper than mining your own coal.)

2. Which European country has the cleanest and most environmentally friendly energy supply? (Norway is dominated by hydropower, Iceland is dominated by geothermal power.)

3. After the Second World War in the countries of Eastern Europe, many enterprises were built closer to eastern borders. Why? (They focused on raw materials from the USSR, in addition, the USSR was also the main consumer of finished products.)

II. Learning new material

Modern agriculture in Europe is characterized by the following features:

1. Transition from a small universal farm to a large, specialized, high-commodity, included in the agribusiness system.

2. The main type of enterprise is a highly mechanized farm.

Task: Describe various types agriculture: North European, Central European, South European, Eastern European. (Work is done in groups of 5-6 people.)

Feature plan:

1. Natural prerequisites for the development of agriculture in this region of Europe.

2. Areas of intensive agricultural production.

3. Features of the development of crop production.

4. Features of the development of animal husbandry.

5. Branches of specialization of agriculture.

The results of the work of each of the groups are entered in the table:

III. Consolidation of the studied material

The task. Representatives of the group (2-3 people each) must present agricultural products of their “own” region to the European fair. The groups receive cards with the name of the country whose products they have to creatively represent, and the type of agricultural products of this country they have to choose for themselves. The fair is run by one of the students. Students who have not received an assignment can be newspaper correspondents, and at the end of the lesson they must submit their article about how the European Agricultural Fair was held.

IV . Homework

Prepare reports on types of tourism in Europe. Task for groups: write a description of the tourist route: Lisbon-Madrid-Paris-Berlin; Hamburg-Bern-Rome; Vienna-Prague-Sofia-Istanbul.

For the main types of agricultural products, most countries fully meet their needs and are interested in selling them on foreign markets. After the Second World War, significant changes took place in their agrarian system, in the system of land ownership and land use, associated with the transition from the universal small peasant economy to a large specialized high-commodity farm included in the agribusiness system. The main type of agricultural enterprise has become a large highly mechanized farm. But in Southern Europe, landownership and small-scale land use by tenant peasants still predominate.

The main branches of agriculture in foreign Europe are plant growing and animal husbandry, which are ubiquitous, combined with each other. Under the influence of natural and historical conditions, three main types of agriculture have developed in the region: 1) Northern European, 2) Central European and 3) Southern European.

The northern European type, common in Scandinavia, Finland, and also in Great Britain, is characterized by the predominance of intensive dairy farming, and in the crop production that serves it, fodder crops and gray bread. The Central European type is distinguished by the predominance of dairy and dairy-meat cattle breeding, as well as pig and poultry farming.

Animal husbandry has reached a very high level in Denmark, where it has long become an industry of international specialization. This country is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of butter, milk, cheese, pork, and eggs. No wonder it is often called the "dairy farm" of Europe.

Crop production not only satisfies the basic needs of the population for food, but also "works" for animal husbandry. A significant and sometimes predominant part of arable land is occupied by fodder crops.

The South European type is characterized by a significant predominance of crop production, while animal husbandry plays a secondary role. Although cereal crops occupy the main place in the crops, the international specialization of Southern Europe is determined primarily by the production of fruits, citrus fruits, grapes (which since ancient times has been a symbol of fertility and abundance), olives, almonds, nuts, tobacco, essential oil crops. The Mediterranean coast is the main "garden of Europe".

The entire Mediterranean coast of Spain, and especially the region of Valencia, is usually called "huerta", i.e. "garden". Various fruits and vegetables are grown here, but most of all - oranges, which are harvested from December to March. In the export of oranges, Spain ranks first in the world.

For the main types of agricultural products, most countries fully meet their needs and are interested in selling them on foreign markets. The main type of agricultural enterprise is a large highly mechanized farm. But in Southern Europe, landownership and small-scale land use by tenant peasants still predominate.

The main branches of agriculture in foreign Europe are plant growing and animal husbandry, which are ubiquitous, combined with each other. Under the influence of natural and historical conditions, three main types of agriculture have developed in the region:

1) Northern European, 2) Central European and 3) South European.

For northern European type, common in Scandinavia, Finland, and also in the UK, is characterized by the predominance of intensive dairy farming, and in the crop production that serves it, fodder crops and gray bread.

Central European type It is distinguished by the predominance of dairy and dairy-meat cattle breeding, as well as pig and poultry farming. Animal husbandry has reached a very high level in Denmark, where it has long become an industry of international specialization. This country is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of butter, milk, cheese, pork and eggs. It is often referred to as the "dairy farm" of Europe.

Crop production not only satisfies the basic needs of the population in food, but also "works" for animal husbandry. A significant and sometimes predominant part of arable land is occupied by fodder crops.

For southern European type characterized by a significant predominance of crop production, while animal husbandry plays a secondary role. Although grain crops occupy the main place in the crops, the international specialization of Southern Europe is determined primarily by the production of fruits, citrus fruits, grapes, olives, almonds, nuts, tobacco, and essential oil crops. The Mediterranean coast is the main "garden of Europe".

The entire Mediterranean coast of Spain, and especially the region of Valencia, is usually called "huerta", that is, "garden". Various fruits and vegetables are grown here, but most of all - oranges, which are harvested from December to March. In the export of oranges, Spain ranks first in the world. There are over 90 million olive trees in Greece. This tree has become a kind of national symbol for the Greeks. Since the time of Ancient Hellas, the olive branch has been a sign of peace.

In many cases, the specialization of agriculture acquires a narrower profile. So, France, the Netherlands and Switzerland are famous for cheese production, the Netherlands for flowers, Germany and the Czech Republic for growing barley and hops and brewing. And in terms of the production and consumption of grape wines, France, Spain, Italy, Portugal stand out not only in Europe, but throughout the world.

The video lesson "Agriculture and transport in Europe" will reveal to you the main features of agriculture in Europe. You will learn about the main types and geography of agriculture in foreign Europe. Also in this lesson, the teacher will tell in detail about the transport system of Europe, the prospects for its further development, and name the main transport routes.

Topic: Regional characteristics of the world. Foreign Europe

Lesson: Agriculture and transport in Europe

In general, the proportion of the economically active population employed in agriculture in foreign Europe is not large (maximum in Eastern Europe). The share of agriculture in the economies of countries is also maximum in the countries of Eastern Europe.

For the main types of agricultural products, most countries fully meet their needs and are interested in selling them on foreign markets. The main type of agricultural enterprise is a large highly mechanized farm. But in Southern Europe, landownership and small-scale land use by tenant peasants still predominate. The main branches of agriculture in foreign Europe are plant growing and animal husbandry, which are ubiquitous, combined with each other.

Under the influence of natural and historical conditions, the region has developed three main types of agriculture:

1. Northern European

2. Central European

3. Southern European

For northern European type, common in Scandinavia, Finland, and also in the UK, is characterized by the predominance of intensive dairy farming, and in the crop production that serves it, fodder crops and gray bread.

Rice. 1. Oil plant in Denmark ()

Central European type It is distinguished by the predominance of dairy and dairy-meat cattle breeding, as well as pig and poultry farming. Animal husbandry has reached a very high level in Denmark, where it has long become an industry of international specialization. This country is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of butter, milk, cheese, pork and eggs. It is often referred to as the "dairy farm" of Europe. Crop production not only satisfies the basic needs of the population in food, but also "works" for animal husbandry. A significant and sometimes predominant part of arable land is occupied by fodder crops. For southern European type characterized by a significant predominance of crop production, while animal husbandry plays a secondary role. Although grain crops occupy the main place in the crops, the international specialization of Southern Europe is determined primarily by the production of fruits, citrus fruits, grapes, olives, almonds, nuts, tobacco, and essential oil crops. The Mediterranean coast is the main "garden of Europe".

The entire Mediterranean coast of Spain, and especially the area of ​​Valencia, is commonly referred to as a garden. Various fruits and vegetables are grown here, but most of all - oranges, which are harvested from December to March. In the export of oranges, Spain ranks first in the world. Greece, Italy, Spain have over 90 million olive trees in each country. This tree has become a kind of national symbol for the Greeks. Since the time of Ancient Hellas, the olive branch has been a sign of peace.

Main wine producing countries: France, Italy, Spain.

Rice. 3. Vineyards in France ()

In many cases, the specialization of agriculture acquires a narrower profile. So, France, the Netherlands and Switzerland are famous for cheese production, the Netherlands for flowers, Germany and the Czech Republic for growing barley and hops and brewing. And in terms of the production and consumption of grape wines, France, Spain, Italy, Portugal stand out not only in Europe, but throughout the world. Fishing has long been an industry of international specialization in Norway, Denmark and especially Iceland.

Transport system this region belongs to the Western European model. If we talk about interstate long-distance transportation, then the European states are significantly inferior in this to Russia and the United States. But the high availability of internal transport networks brings Foreign Europe into the world leadership.

Relatively small internal distances and the abolition of the visa regime, contributes to the development road transport, which focuses primarily on Passenger Transportation. The popularization of road communications leads to some decline in rail transport.

Railway services are used mainly in the Eastern European countries of Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia and Romania. Particular attention in the countries of foreign Europe is paid to the construction of international highways of the meridional and latitudinal types. In France and Germany, the most high speeds on the railways(up to 250-300 km/h). In 1994, the Eurotunnel was opened under the English Channel, through which flows of cars and high-speed trains move. Now the journey from London to Paris takes a little over 2 hours.

Rice. 4. "Eurotunnel" on the map)

River transport is of great importance for the region. It rose after the commissioning of the Rhine-Main-Danube waterway. The port on the Rhine of Duisburg (Germany) is the largest river port in the world in terms of cargo turnover. Europe is at the crossroads of the world's maritime transport routes. This contributes to the development of maritime transport in the region. Rotterdam (Netherlands) ranks first in terms of cargo turnover among the seaports of the world. Other major seaports are Marseille, London, Hamburg, Antwerp, Genoa.

The largest airports in foreign Europe are London, Paris, Frankfurt am Main.

Rice. 5. Heathrow Airport, London ()

International highways connect Western Europe with such states as Turkey, Russia, Belarus, etc. In 2010, 9 internal transport corridors were formed that connect the states of Western and Eastern Europe, the total length of which is more than 17 thousand km.

Homework

Topic 6, Item 1

1. What are the countries related to Northern European agriculture?

2. Using the material covered, atlas maps, important transport routes in Foreign Europe.

Bibliography

Main

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Materials on the Internet

1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements ().

2. Federal portal Russian Education ().