Lesson topic : Autumn. Nature is preparing for winter.

Lesson Objectives : introduce students to the names of the autumn months, the names of the seasons; tell students about the features of autumn nature, about preparing nature for winter; develop interest and love for nature; develop respect for all living things.

Equipment: leaves of different trees, illustrations of autumn nature, album, colored pencils.

During the classes

1. Organizing time.
2. Updating what has already been learned.

What is ecology? Why is it necessary to protect nature?

1. Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
2. Learning new material.

What seasons do you know?

What are the seasons?

What is the difference?

What autumn months do you know?(spring, winter, summer)

1. Teacher's story.

1. Signs of autumn

The warm summer is over. The sun no longer has time to warm the earth in a short day. The nights got longer and colder. In the morning you can see ice on the puddles. The leaves on the trees turned different colors. Here they are already falling, covering the whole earth with a motley carpet. Only Christmas trees and pines remain green. Flocks of birds flew south. The animals and birds remaining to winter prepare for winter. Squirrels store mushrooms, nuts, the bear is looking for a warm lair. Soon it will be quite cold and the first snow will fall.

1. leaf fall

Autumn leaves are circling in the wind

Autumn leaves cry out in alarm:

“Everything is dying, everything is dying! You are black and naked

O our dear forest, your end has come!

About what natural phenomenon says in the poem of the poet A. Maykov?(About leaf fall)

What is leaf fall?

Why do leaves change color?

Autumn. The winter frosts are still far away, and the trees are already starting to shed their leaves.

Why do they need leaf fall? Why do leaves change their color? Green color Gives plants a special pigment - chlorophyll. But this is not the only "coloring matter" in plant tissues. Along with it, yellow and orange pigments are constantly present. However, in summer, the intense color of chlorophyll suppresses them. In autumn, the formation of chlorophyll in the leaves slows down and gradually completely stops. As a result, the green color is lost and pigments that were invisible until that time are detected. The leaf changes color.

But why do the leaves soon fall? This is related to the life processes of plants. Scientists have found that by autumn, substances harmful to the plant accumulate in the cells of the leaves. The leaf becomes heavy, and sometimes a small gust of wind is enough to pluck it from the branch. It has been established that before the leaves fall, not only the content of harmful substances increases in them, but also the amount of useful substances increases significantly. Carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing substances move from the leaves to other parts of the plant - substances that are very useful for the tree.

Leaf fall is also an adaptation of plants to reduce water evaporation in the cold and dry season. If the trees had remained for the winter with leaves, then they would have died from a lack of moisture, since the evaporation of water would not stop, and its flow could almost completely stop, because in winter the roots of plants cannot absorb cold water.

As you know, in the fall, the synthesis of the green pigment chlorophyll, which is necessary for photosynthesis, stops in the leaves. After that, the leaves change their color and fall off, but before that the tree extracts all the nutrients from them and stores them for the winter. And this is especially important for trees growing on poor soil.

1. autumn months

The beautiful Autumn has three sons, and guess which ones:

Empty our school garden.

Spider webs fly into the distance,

And to the south end of the earth

Cranes stretched out.

School doors opened

What month came to you? (September)

All the darker face of nature -

Blackened vegetable gardens

The forests are bare

The bear fell into hibernation,

What month has come to you? (October)

The field is black and white.

It rains, then it snows.

And it got colder

Ice bound the waters of the rivers.

Freezing in the field of winter rye,

What month, please? (November)

1. Fizkultminutka.
2. Continue learning new material

1. Preparing plants, animals, birds for winter

Autumn is a very important time for observations. All living things are preparing for the coming of winter. Look into the forest and try to notice these preparations.

Early morning. The sun is still low. Its rays glide over the tops of the trees, and gray dew lies on the ground. The forest is not at all the same as it was in summer - green, shady. Now it's all multi-colored. Birches, maples turn yellow, and among them, aspens stand out with their bright red outfit. Only the firs and pines remained as green as before.

The wind will blow, and colorful leaves will flutter in the air and fall to the ground. Every day more and more of them fall, tree branches are exposed, and this makes the forest somehow more spacious and lighter. The vast majority of the plants have long faded and are now withered. But on the other hand, they all scattered many seeds on the ground; green young plants will grow out of them next spring.

September 21 is the autumnal equinox. Now the days, continuing to decrease, will be already shorter than the nights. It's getting colder. Insects hid in different cracks. Many of them, having laid their testicles, die, while others fall into deep sleep for the winter. As soon as it gets cold, frogs, snakes, lizards hide. Frogs burrow into the mud at the bottom of ponds, and some climb into holes under fallen leaves. Lizards and snakes crawl into different minks, cracks or rotten stumps to sleep there for the whole winter.

Thin silver threads of the web fly in the air. Catch such a web and you will see that a tiny spider is sitting on its end. It was he who released a long silvery thread from himself, and the wind picked it up and carried it along with the spider. This is how young spiders settle on their cobweb.

In autumn, wherever you look, you see everywhere how different animals are preparing for winter. The squirrel dries mushrooms, collects and hides nuts and acorns in hollows. All this will come in handy in winter without food. But the badger does not need to stock up. During the autumn he was so fat and fat that he could hardly walk. The badger drags a dry litter of leaves into his deep hole and settles down to sleep until spring.

Autumn preparations are especially noticeable in birds. High in the sky, the farewell chirping of flying cranes is already heard. Gathering in huge flocks of rooks, starlings and others migratory birds. Look at the swallows, see how many of them perched on the telegraph wires, as if black beads were strung on a thread. They sit and chirp, as if talking about the long way ahead.

But instead of flying birds, flocks of bullfinches, crossbills, and waxwings will soon appear in our forests. These are all winter guests. They fly to us from more northern forests to spend a long harsh winter with us.

Many interesting things can be seen in the autumn in the forest. You just need to be able to notice everything and look with attention, with love, into the life of the native nature surrounding us.

Guys, how do other animals behave? How do they escape the bad weather, where do they seek shelter?(Students give answers.)

In October, most insects and beetles have long since disappeared. Behind them, a tireless hunter - a mole - began to make his trapping moves in the depths of the earth.

You will not meet a hedgehog in the late autumn in the forest. He climbed somewhere under a pile of brushwood or some other secluded place, curled up in a ball and fell asleep.

A huge bear will also soon lie down in a den and doze off there until warm spring days.

But in a completely different way those animals prepare for the cold that do not sleep in winter sleep and do not make supplies for themselves: hares, foxes, wolves. All of them only change into a warm coat in autumn. In it, and the frost is not terrible.

1. Leaves work.

Take the leaves of the trees you brought and examine them. Leaves, what trees do you have on the table?

Compare the leaves and needles of trees. How are they different, how are they similar? Why do the leaves fall off, but the needles remain and do they remain?

Do animals store cones and why?

Animals are preparing for a harsh winter. How?

1. Fizkultminutka.
2. Practical work

Look at the leaves again and draw the leaves of different trees in the album.

Maple Leaf. Birch leaf. Oak leaf. Aspen leaf.

Rowan leaf Linden leaf. Alder leaf. Viburnum leaf and so on.

What color will we decorate them in the fall? Why?

1. Summary of the lesson.

Literature:

1. Entertaining materials for the lessons of mathematics, natural history in primary school(poems, crossword puzzles, riddles, games) / Comp. N.A.Kasatkina. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2003. - 123 p.
2. Rudnyanskaya E.I. etc. Excursions into nature. South of Russia. Autumn. 1 - 4 classes. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2007. - 126 p.
3. Ecological education in elementary school: developments extracurricular activities/ aut.-stat. N.V. Lobodin. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2007. - 266 p.: ill.

WHO HAS PREPARED FOR WINTER.

The presentation was made by

Educator MBDOU No. 161

G. Kemerovo

Belikova Irina Petrovna

The gray hare is most often found in our forests. Unlike other animals, hares do not have permanent dens, they do not dig holes. They feed more often on green crops of clover and other perennial grasses, where they find enough food until deep winter. Hares do not prepare food supplies for the winter. They feed on small roots, which are mined from under the snow, gnaw on young growths of trees, bark.

Beavers harvest a lot of branches, carry them under water and put them in a pile near their homes.

Mice store acorns, nuts, grains in minks.

It is interesting that squirrels very diligently store food for the winter - acorns, nuts, mushrooms, which are hidden in hollows, under fallen leaves, or hung on tree branches. Sometimes in squirrel stocks there are up to three or more kilograms of nuts. Squirrels do not hibernate during winter, although they sleep for several days in very severe frosts and in a blizzard.

In late autumn, when the soil freezes and the amount of food decreases, hedgehogs burrow into fallen leaves and wrap themselves in a fragile ball,

falling into deep hibernation until March. At this time, their breathing slows down very much (up to 6 times per minute), the body temperature drops sharply, blood pressure drops, the heart makes only a few beats per minute. During hibernation, hedgehogs have more than a third, their weight decreases,

because during hibernation they do not eat, but live thanks to the fat deposited in the body in the fall.

guess a riddle

Who goes to bed in the fall and gets up in the spring? (Bear)

A small ball fumbles under the bench. (Mouse)

There are lumberjacks on the rivers

In silver-white coats.

From trees, branches, clay

Build strong dams.

In the autumn it will climb into the gap,

And wake up in the spring.

During the autumn, the bear worked up fat, found a place where two trees fell, the bear liked this clearing. I broke the Christmas tree, installed everything - I prepared a noble lair for the winter.

Predators do not need forest reserves for the winter, but a warm coat in a frosty winter will not hurt

All animals try to get stronger by the winter, gain fat, dress up.

She lies, red, right on the snow, and she doesn’t care about the frost!

And the wolf frost at least that ...

So the wolves gather in packs for the winter. This makes it easier to catch prey: a wild boar, an elk, a deer or a careless hare.

Just hungry...

Elk. Elk eats plants. How many plants can be found in the forest in winter? There are many trees and shrubs in the forest. It is their bark that this big beast eats. How much does he need for food? A lot of. Therefore, foresters feed these beautiful animals so that they can overwinter. Forester - a person who monitors the safety of the forest.

Birds.

In autumn there is less and less food.

Insects disappear, herbaceous plants wither. In winter, many birds would not be able to find food at all. At the end of summer and autumn, they fly to warmer climes.

Starlings, thrushes and other small birds fly in a crowded flock.

Some fly during the day (storks, cranes, predator birds, swallows, swifts), and others at night (flycatchers, warblers, wagtails), and some fly and walk. For example, crake-dergach

Migratory Birds Starlings, thrushes and other small birds fly in crowded flocks. Some fly during the day (storks, cranes, birds of prey, swallows, swifts), while others fly at night (flycatchers, warblers, wagtails), and some fly and walk. For example, crake-dergach

The bird road is far and full of dangers. A lot of birds die during flights. Only the strongest, the most enduring get to the warm edges.

But sparrows, crows, magpies, woodpeckers, tits remain to winter in our area. In autumn and winter, many of them fly closer to human habitation. Here you can get more food, and there is where to hide from the wind and frost.

People…

How do people prepare for winter? The last fruits are harvested from gardens.

Mushroom pickers roam the forests in the hope that they will be able to find late mushrooms: milk mushrooms, honey mushrooms, russula, mossiness mushrooms.

Mistresses chop and ferment cabbage,

jam, compotes from berries are cooked.

Store vegetables in the cellar.

Listening exercise

Children are asked to listen carefully to the poem.

The hostess once came from the market

The hostess brought home from the market:

potato

carrot,

Parsley and beets.

I. Tuwim

What vegetables did the hostess bring from the market? Repeat the poem.

Household owners prepare firewood, heat stoves, so that it would be warm in the house.

… and of course they buy warm clothes so that we don’t freeze on frosty days … and of course they buy warm clothes so that we don’t freeze on frosty days Thank you for your attention

Nadezhda Shanaurova
Formation of a holistic picture of the world. Synopsis of GCD in senior group"Autumn. Nature is preparing for winter

Synopsis of the GCD in the educational field "Cognition: the formation of a holistic picture of the world" in the senior group 05 "Znaiki" MBDOU No. 121, Krasnoyarsk Shanaurova N. N.

Theme: “Autumn. Nature is preparing for winter

Goals: to acquaint pupils with the signs of autumn and autumn phenomena.

Tasks: to systematize children's knowledge about the seasons; develop speech and enrich vocabulary; develop interest and love for nature; develop respect for all living things.

Integratable educational areas:"Cognition", "Communication", "Socialization", "Reading fiction".

Activities: cognitive, communicative, playful, reading.

Equipment:

Presentation;

Musical composition "The Seasons" by P. I. Tchaikovsky (autumn);

Leaves cut out of colored paper (maple, oak, birch, aspen).

Preliminary work with children: conversation about autumn; observing the weather while walking; bird watching; consideration of thematic illustrations; guessing riddles; memorizing poems, songs about autumn; drawing autumn leaves; learning to dance with autumn leaves.

The course of direct educational activities

I. Organizational moment.

II. Presentation of the topic of the lesson and its objectives. A story about the signs of autumn.

III. Learning new material. A story about how the preparation of plants, animals, birds for winter is going on.

IV. Summarizing. Talk about what the students have learned.

I. Organizational moment.

The music of P. I. Tchaikovsky “The Seasons” sounds. Children sit on chairs in front of the screen and listen to the composition.

Educator:

Guys, listen, what kind of melody is this, thoughtful, sad? What mood does it evoke in you? Do you want to have fun, rejoice, dance under it?

(Answers of children).

Educator:

To understand what this melody is about, try to guess the riddle:

“The field is empty, it is raining.

The wind rips off the leaves.

Fog is creeping in from the north

Terrible clouds hung.

The birds are moving south

Slightly touching the pines with a wing.

Guess, dear friend

What time of year is it?

(Children answer: autumn).

Educator:

That's right guys, this tune is about autumn. Autumn is a sad and depressing time. In autumn, everything in nature seems to die for a while. The flowers fade in the flower beds. The leaves on the trees turn yellow and fall off. Cold wind is blowing. It rains often. Thin ice appears on the puddles. It will snow soon and what season will it be?

(Answers of children).

Educator:

Animals and birds begin to thoroughly prepare for the harsh winter. And how, we now find out with you!

II. Presentation of the topic of the lesson and its objectives. A story about the signs of autumn.

Educator:

Today we will go to the forest and observe what happens there in the autumn, how nature prepares for winter.

Imagine that you and I have packed everything we need for the journey, dressed warmly and went into the forest. Let's go, let's go ... (children imitate movements show how they took a backpack, put a compass, a thermos, a sandwich, gifts for animals into it. Put on hats, jackets, boots, and stamping their feet imagine how they go).

Educator (including the sound audio file "Voices of Wildlife"):

Here we go into the forest. Branches crackle underfoot, leaves rustle. You can still hear the chirping of birds. What a beautiful forest in autumn! Like an invisible wizard-artist, he painted everything around with a golden brush! What did you guys see?

(Answers of children).

III. Learning new material. A story about how the preparation of plants, animals, birds for winter is going on.

The teacher plays the presentation and comments on each slide. Children sit on chairs and watch.

(slide 1, 2)

The warm summer is over. The sun no longer has time to warm the earth in a short day. The nights got longer and colder. In the morning you can see ice on the puddles.

The leaves on the trees turned different colors. Here they are already falling, covering the whole earth with a motley carpet. Only Christmas trees and pines remain green.

Early morning. The sun is still low. Its rays glide over the tops of the trees, and gray dew lies on the ground. The forest is not at all the same as it was in summer - green, shady. Now it's all multi-colored. Birches, maples turn yellow, and among them, aspens stand out with their bright red outfit.

Harvested in the fields. Autumn brought its generous gifts.

Because of the gloomy, hanging clouds, the sky seems to be lower, and it seems that it is about to rain.

The weather is changeable. Now it is drizzling, then a cold, sharp wind will blow. The sun comes out less and less.

Educator: Guys, we have come a long way and are a little tired, let's play the game "Leaves" to rest! (the teacher invites the children to a free place in the group, scatters the pieces of paper cut out of colored paper, and invites the children to collect them, saying):

"Relentless breeze

Blowing, blowing

yellow leaves

Breaks from the tree.

And the leaves are flying

From the branch to the tracks (moving hands from top to bottom).

And run through the leaves

Small feet (easy running in place).

You and I will go for a walk (step in place,

And we will collect the leaves ”(they sit down, bend over, collecting the leaves).

Educator:

Ah, what beautiful leaves we have collected! Well done boys! Can you tell me what trees they fell from?

(Answers of children).

Educator:

Good! That's how great you know how to identify the trees from which the leaves fell!

The teacher invites the children to return to their seats in front of the screen.

Everything in nature is preparing for winter. Autumn preparations are especially noticeable in birds. High in the sky, the farewell chirping of flying cranes is already heard. Rooks, starlings and other migratory birds gather in huge flocks.

But instead of flying birds, flocks of bullfinches, crossbills, and waxwings will soon appear in our forests. These are all winter guests. They fly to us from more northern forests to spend a long harsh winter with us.

The animals and birds remaining to winter prepare for winter. The squirrel dries mushrooms, collects and hides nuts and acorns in hollows. All this will come in handy in winter without food.

The bear is looking for a warm lair to doze off in it, before the onset of warm spring days. Soon it will be quite cold and the first snow will fall.

In autumn, wherever you look, you see everywhere how different animals are preparing for winter. But the badger does not need to stock up. During the autumn he was so fat and fat that he could hardly walk. The badger drags a dry litter of leaves into his deep hole and settles down to sleep until spring.

You will not meet a hedgehog in the late autumn in the forest. He climbed somewhere under a pile of brushwood or some other secluded place, curled up in a ball and fell asleep.

As soon as it gets cold, frogs, snakes, lizards hide. Frogs burrow into the mud at the bottom of ponds, and some climb into holes under fallen leaves. Lizards and snakes crawl into different minks, cracks or rotten stumps to sleep there for the whole winter.

September 21 is the autumnal equinox. Now the days are getting shorter and shorter than the nights. It's getting colder. Insects hid in different cracks. Many of them, after laying their larvae, die, while others fall into deep sleep for the winter.

Thin silver threads of the web fly in the air. Catch such a web and you will see that a tiny spider is sitting on its end. It was he who released a long silvery thread from himself, and the wind picked it up and carried it along with the spider. This is how young spiders settle on their cobweb.

Hares change their gray coats to white ones so that the predatory beast cannot notice him in the forest.

But in a completely different way those animals prepare for the cold that do not sleep in winter sleep and do not make supplies for themselves. These are foxes, wolves. All of them only change into a warm coat in autumn. In it, and the frost is not terrible.

Educator:

This is the end of our walk in the forest. It's time for us to return to the garden, guys. Let's say autumn forest"Goodbye" and we'll head back.

(children wave their hands, say goodbye to the inhabitants of the forest and again, stamping their feet, imitate the way back).

IV. Summarizing. Talk about what the students have learned.

The teacher asks questions, listens to the answers of the children:

Well, how did you like our walk?

And what did you like the most? What do you remember the most?

Let's call the signs of autumn - what are they?

Name the autumn months in order.

How does vegetation (flowers, trees, shrubs) change in autumn?

How do animals prepare for winter?

How do birds prepare for winter?

Which birds are migratory and which are resident?

The teacher praises all pupils, notes especially attentive children.

Based on materials by V. Bianchi.