Improving the quality of management of an educational organization imposes new requirements on the professionalism of its leader. Qualification guides describing the characteristics of positions are gradually becoming obsolete: they do not contain new professions at all, or their content does not correspond to reality. Therefore, the Unified Tariff and Qualification Handbook of Works and Professions of Workers (ETKS) and the Unified Qualification Handbook of Positions of Managers, Specialists and Employees (EKS) are being replaced by professional standards.

What does the professional standard include?

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The professional standard is one of the elements of the national qualifications system, which links the requirements of employers and vocational education. The concepts of "qualification of an employee" and " professional standard» are defined in art. 195.1 of the Labor Code Russian Federation(in ed. federal law dated 02.05.2015 No. 122-FZ “On amendments to Labor Code Russian Federation and Articles 11 and 73 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation").

professional standard is a qualification necessary for the employee to carry out a certain type professional activity. It is designed to expand the boundaries of the employee's freedom and at the same time increase his responsibility for the results of work. The standard describes the professional activity, and not the personality of the employee or his specific position.

It contains:

• information about generalized labor functions,
• possible job titles
• education, training, experience requirements practical activities,
• special conditions for admission to work,
• description of labor actions, necessary skills and knowledge.

The professional standard becomes the basis for changing the system of training and retraining in high school and in centers of excellence, and vocational education programs. Labor relations in the organization are being built in a new way.

How to accept a professional standard

The development and approval of a professional standard at the state level is a rather complicated procedure. First, domestic, international experience in introducing professional standards and normative base, the prospects for the development of professional activity are evaluated; then the future professional standard is designed and tested. After that, the document is submitted for approval to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. The text of the standard should be developed taking into account the opinion trade unions Russian Federation and widely discussed.

The professional standard "" was developed by a group led by specialists from the Federal Institute for the Development of Education (FGAU "FIRO"). Currently, it is undergoing the procedure of coordination and approval in the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.

Features of the professional standard "Head of an educational organization"

Development of a professional standard for a leader educational organization is related to the requirements of Article 51 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation”. At the same time, Federal Law No. 122-FZ of May 2, 2015 “On Amendments to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and Articles 11 and 73 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” establishes that employers are obliged if there are legally established requirements for the qualifications required employee to perform a specific job function.

Already now, take into account the prospects for changing legislation: analyze new professional standards from the point of view of application in the organization, adjust internal management documents, training programs, certification procedures, job descriptions, form personnel reserve and etc.

The professional standard of the head of an educational organization is based on an approach in which the organization will not only function, but also develop. such knowledge and skills that will allow him to predict changes in educational needs and quickly respond to them, reasonably choose a strategy and tactics for purposefully building up and efficient use organization's potential to achieve a new quality of education.

The leader implements the target functions of management. They are aimed at realizing the educational goals of the institution, creating necessary conditions and providing social interaction subjects educational process to achieve these goals. He organizes internal and external interactions, represents the organization in the authorities, local government, public and other organizations.

The professional standard requires:

• to education (higher and additional professional education),
• experience practical work(basically, at least three years of teaching or leadership experience in educational organizations),
• conditions of admission to work (absence of restrictions on teaching activities, established by law Russian Federation);
• contains other characteristics related to the delegation of authority.

The professional standard of the head of an educational organization defines possible positions:

• rector,
• the president,
• director,
• manager,
• Chief.

This is the peculiarity of its construction. Separate labor functions and labor actions of a generalized labor function, as well as their totality, can be performed by deputy heads, managers structural divisions(First Vice-Rector, Vice-Rector, Deputy Head (Director, Head and Head), Heads (Directors, Heads, Heads, Managers) of a structural unit, Deputy Heads (Director, Head, Head, Manager) of a structural unit, Heads (Heads) of an educational (production) ) practice) in the order of delegation of authority to them. At the same time, they are not subject to the requirements for managerial experience.

The requirement for teaching experience does not apply to persons holding managerial positions and responsible for economic activities.

The professional standard defines generalized labor functions, which are specified in labor functions in accordance with the characteristics of professional activity. Selection of generalized and labor functions for the head of the educational organization turned out to be quite difficult.

The management functions of a modern educational organization should be implemented taking into account:

• features of activity different types educational organizations (preschool educational organization, general educational organization, professional educational organization, educational organization of higher education, organization additional education, organizations of additional professional education);
• features of the main and additional activities of educational organizations;
• organizational legal form;
• specifics of delegation of authority;
• other features of building professional activity in the field of management.

The generalized labor functions of the head of an educational organization in the proposed professional standard are distinguished by management objects (management). They include:

• management of educational activities of an educational organization;
• management of the development of an educational organization;
• resource management of an educational organization;
• representation of an educational organization in relations with state authorities, local governments, public and other organizations;
• management of research, expert-analytical, experimental design, innovation, training and production activities of an educational organization.

At the same time, the generalized labor function, allocated in accordance with the object of management, which covers different levels of education, cannot be attributed to one level of qualification. It corresponds to both the seventh and the eighth skill levels. Thus, the correspondence between the level of qualification of a leader and the level of education offered by the organization he manages is determined not through a generalized labor function, but through a labor function.

Labor functions in the professional standard of the leader are defined in accordance with the characteristics of the activities of different types of educational organizations: preschool, general education or organization of additional education for children; professional educational organization; organizations of higher education or additional professional education. At the same time, labor functions describe labor actions, necessary skills and knowledge.

Each job function can be considered as a competence within the framework of this professional standard. If competence is defined as the ability and readiness of a specialist to perform professional activities, then the dominant content of generalized and labor functions becomes a labor action, supported by the necessary skills and knowledge.

A generalized labor function that describes the management of the educational activities of an educational organization involves, for example, the following labor actions:

• management of the development of basic educational programs, a system of local acts of the organization;
• formation of management bodies of an educational organization;
• organization and management of the process of selection of means of training and education, methods and technologies of education;
• management of interaction with the subjects of the external environment;
• organization of regular monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of educational programs, their adjustment;
• management of work to improve professionalism and leadership qualities teachers;
• formation of a system of motivation and stimulation of the teaching staff for the qualitative implementation of professional activities.

In managing the activities of organizations of higher and professional education, it is also necessary to monitor the labor market, create a system for recruiting and accepting students, analyzing customer satisfaction and the demand for graduates, etc.

Generalized labor function "Guidelines for the development of an educational organization" involves (taking into account the management features of educational organizations of various types) the following labor actions:

• leadership in the development of a program for the development of an educational organization, taking into account promising domestic and world trends in the field of education development;
• organizing an assessment of existing restrictions and risks of implementing the development program of an educational organization;
• organization of activities to determine and agree with social partners, key activities and events that ensure the effective implementation of the development program of an educational organization;
• management of the operational activities of the organization for the implementation of the development program;
• organization of professional and public assessment of the achievements of an educational organization; formation of a system of marketing and monitoring of the social order for education;
• organization of self-examination of the development of an educational organization, etc.

Generalized labor function "Management of resources of an educational organization" involves the performance of such labor activities as:

• formation of a policy in the field of resource provision of an educational organization in accordance with the development strategy;
• identification of needs and priority areas of use financial resources educational organization,
• ensuring a balanced distribution of resources, attracting and stimulating the search for additional resources; development of plans for financial and economic activities of an educational organization;
• formation of the organization's staffing policy;
• policy making and management of internal information space educational organization;
• ensuring labor protection, health and environmental safety educational organization;
• monitoring, analysis, evaluation and control of the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of the organization's resources;
• analysis of the quality of decisions made in the field of resource management and planning of corrective actions and improvements, etc.

The generalized labor function "Representing an educational organization in relations with state authorities, local governments, public and other organizations" involves the following labor actions:

• determination of needs, directions and expected results of interaction with state authorities, local governments, public and other organizations;
• organizing the development of mechanisms, tools and regulations for interaction with the subjects of the external environment, including network interaction;
• representing the interests of an educational organization in interaction with the subjects of the external environment;
• control of interaction and evaluation of the results of interaction with the subjects of the external environment and others in accordance with the characteristics of the activities of organizations of preschool, general, additional, higher and professional education.

The generalized labor function "Management of research, expert-analytical, experimental design, innovation and production activities of an educational organization" contains only two labor functions - "Management of the production activities of a professional educational organization" and "Management of research, expert-analytical, experimental - design, innovation and production activities of a higher education organization or an organization of additional professional education.

What will change after the introduction of the manager's standard

According to the developers, the implementation of the professional standard of the manager will solve a set of tasks:

• in the field of management of an educational organization: high-quality performance of all labor functions described in the professional standard, and ensuring in the aggregate the achievement of the goal (s) of professional activity, due to their rational distribution and organization of interaction between managers;
• in the field of personnel training: determination of the list of basic and additional educational programs that provide training in the field of education management, development of their content, organizational models of continuous education of heads of educational organizations.

The issue of the timing of the application of professional standards has not yet been resolved. Today it can be assumed that the approbation and implementation of the professional standard of the head of an educational organization can be carried out under the following conditions:

• in the process of carrying out professional activities in educational organizations (building labor relations, intra-company forms of work with personnel, forms of control, etc.);
• in the process of training personnel in higher education institutions;
• in the process of retraining and advanced training of personnel in institutions of additional professional education;
• in the process of staff appraisal.

The possibility of applying a professional standard in the field of labor relations requires the development or modification of local acts of educational organizations; changes in the requirements for the qualification of a manager; amendments to the job descriptions of managers; development of mechanisms for delegation of authority; changes in the requirements for the effectiveness of the activities of the head (effective contract) and certification procedures.

Leadership Standard and Higher School

The requirements of professional standards should be reflected in the student training programs. IN modern system higher education, the training of a manager can be carried out within the framework of undergraduate programs (direction "Management") and master's programs (directions "Management", "Pedagogical education", "Psychological and pedagogical education"). Such disciplines as "Management of the educational process", "Monitoring in education", "Design of the educational process" and others are already being introduced into the training programs for future teachers. Therefore, in Russian universities they should be introduced (in some they are already being introduced) master's programs on the profiles of management in education. But this experience is still too small.

To improve the quality of training of heads of educational organizations, it will be necessary to develop a cluster of special competencies for the head in accordance with the labor functions of the standard. There should also be basic educational programs, a package of technologies for the formation and assessment of these competencies, and other measures that will ensure the continuity of training and development of managerial personnel.

Retraining and advanced training of managers

In order to apply a professional standard in the system of training, retraining and advanced training of managers, it is necessary to research and form an order for the professional development of leaders of educational organizations. It is necessary to develop and test educational programs (including for administrative teams and novice managers); in-house training programs for administrative teams. There should be tools that will allow forming and evaluating the competencies of a leader, teachers in the process of continuous professional development, etc.

The procedure for attestation of the head of an educational organization will change, monitoring of the results of the formation of the leader's competencies will appear in accordance with the professional standard, programs for the professional development of managers will be developed based on the results of their attestation, etc.

Risks of implementing a professional standard

The professional standard "Head of an educational organization" in the development process was discussed in different regions Russian Federation. As a result of a professional discussion, the experts formulated some risks of its implementation:

• in the requirements of the professional standard there is no system for training the head; colleagues believe that if there is no qualification, there is nothing to improve; the system of additional professional education, even retraining will not solve all the problems of implementing the professional standard of the head;
• mechanism of formation is unclear official duties manager from a set of labor functions;
• a modern leader is not sufficiently prepared for special team building activities and the distribution of functions and roles in it;
• a mechanism for delegation of authority within the framework of the distribution of labor functions between the head, deputy head, head of the structural unit has not been proposed; possible conflicts that will arise in connection with the duplication of functions;
• there is no mechanism for determining the criteria and indicators of the effectiveness of the activities of the head in the education system (too many installations "from above");
• the necessary changes in approaches to certification, evaluation of the effectiveness of the manager's activities in the requirements of the professional standard are not clear;
• approaches to the development and self-development of the leader, the development of support programs for young leaders in accordance with the professional standard are not defined;
• the transition to new professional standards requires special work of the head, the administrative team, the entire teaching staff (time, effort, money, etc.);
• the implementation of a professional standard is related to effective contract, but the mechanism of this connection is not yet clear;
• to labor activities the head is assigned functions for which he is not yet ready, for example, the development of regulations and mechanisms, tools for interaction with the subjects of the external environment, including state authorities and local self-government, etc.;
• the proposed professional standard does not take into account individual actual directions development of education, which need to be specially managed, for example, the introduction of inclusive education, the development of non-formal and formal education, etc.

EKSD 2018. Edition dated April 9, 2018
To search for approved professional standards of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, use reference book of professional standards

Deputy head (director, head, head) of an educational institution

Job responsibilities. Organizes current and advanced planning activities educational institution. Coordinates the work of teachers, educators, masters of industrial training, other pedagogical and other employees, as well as the development of educational, methodological and other documentation necessary for the activities of an educational institution. Ensures the use and improvement of methods of organizing the educational process and modern educational technologies, including remote ones. Carries out control over the quality of the educational (educational) process, the objectivity of assessing the results of the educational activities of students, the work of circles and electives, ensuring the level of training of students that meets the requirements of the federal state educational standard, federal government requirements. Organizes the work on the preparation and conduct of examinations. Coordinates the interaction between representatives of pedagogical science and practice. Organizes educational work for parents (persons replacing them). Provides assistance to teachers in the development and development innovative programs and technologies. Organizes teaching and educational, methodical, cultural and mass, extracurricular activities. Monitors the workload of students and pupils. Schedules training sessions and other types of educational and educational (including cultural and leisure) activities. Ensures timely preparation, approval, submission of reporting documentation. Provides assistance to students (pupils, children) in carrying out cultural, educational and recreational activities. Carries out acquisition and takes measures to preserve the contingent of students (pupils, children) in circles. Participates in the selection and placement of teaching staff, organizes the improvement of their qualifications and professional skills. Makes proposals for improving the educational process and management of an educational institution. Takes part in the preparation and conduct of certification of pedagogical and other employees of the educational institution. Takes measures to equip workshops, educational laboratories and classrooms modern equipment, visual aids and technical means training, replenishment of libraries and methodological rooms educational-methodical, artistic and periodical literature. Monitors the status medical care students (pupils, children), living conditions in hostels. When performing the duties of the deputy head of the educational institution for administrative and economic work (part), he supervises economic activity educational institution. Supervises the maintenance and proper condition of the educational institution. Organizes control over the rational use of materials and financial resources of the educational institution. Takes measures to expand the economic independence of the educational institution, timely conclusion necessary contracts, attraction for the implementation of activities provided for by the charter of the educational institution, additional sources of financial and material resources. Organizes work on analysis and evaluation financial results activities of an educational institution, the development and implementation of measures to improve the efficiency of the use budget funds. Provides control over the timely and complete fulfillment of contractual obligations, the procedure for processing financial and business transactions. Takes measures to ensure the necessary social and living conditions for students, pupils and employees of the educational institution. Prepares a report to the founder on the receipt and expenditure of financial and material resources. Supervises the work on the improvement, landscaping and cleaning of the territory of the educational institution. Coordinates the work of subordinate departments and departments. Follows the rules on labor protection and fire safety.

Must know: priority areas development of the educational system of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts regulating educational, physical culture and sports activities, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, pedagogy, achievements of modern psychological and pedagogical science and practice, psychology, the basics of physiology, hygiene, theory and methods of managing educational systems , modern pedagogical technologies for productive, differentiated learning, the implementation of a competency-based approach, developmental learning, methods of persuasion, argumentation of one's position, establishing contacts with students (pupils, children) different ages, their parents (persons replacing them), colleagues at work, technologies for diagnosing the causes conflict situations, their prevention and resolution, the basics of working with text editors, spreadsheets, email and browsers, multimedia equipment, basics of economics, sociology, ways of organizing the financial and economic activities of an educational institution, civil, administrative, labor, budgetary, tax legislation in terms of regulating the activities of educational institutions and education authorities at various levels, the basics of management, personnel management , basics of project management, rules of internal work schedule educational institution, rules on labor protection and fire safety.

Qualification requirements. Higher professional education in the areas of training "State and municipal administration", "Management", "Personnel management" and work experience in teaching or leadership positions for at least 5 years or higher professional education and additional professional education in the field of public and municipal government, management and economics and at least 5 years of experience in teaching or leadership positions.

Jobs for the position of Deputy Head (Director, Head, Head) of an educational institution according to the all-Russian database of vacancies

- document, which describes the skill level, duties and labor functions assigned to this employee. Let's figure out what to expect from the adoption and implementation of this professional standard.

Why do we need a professional standard for the head of an educational organization?

Since 2013, the gradual introduction of professional standards has begun in Russia. Initially, they were just recommendations, but since the summer of 2016, gradually, as they are approved and put into effect, they become mandatory norms not only for public, but also for private organizations.

The introduction of professional standards is due to the fact that the previously valid norms of the ETCS, CEN and other acts in this area are largely outdated and do not always reflect the real situation. As a result, problems often arise due to the fact that important positions are filled by people who do not match them either in terms of education or skills. There are areas where such a situation is absolutely intolerable - and one of these areas is education.

The first professional standards for teaching staff were adopted back in 2013, and their adoption is still ongoing. One of the documents, the draft of which has been under development for a long time and should soon be adopted, is the professional standard for the head (director, head, rector, etc.) of an educational organization. This professional standard will contain requirements for the qualifications of the employee holding this position, as well as short description functions assigned to him.

The adopted professional standard is expected to achieve the following goals:

1. To improve the management of educational organizations by increasing the qualifications of their leaders.
2. achieve development Russian education at all levels - from preschool to higher professional.
3. Improve manageability in educational institutions and organizations.

When will the professional standard of the head of the educational organization be adopted?

Although professional standards become mandatory from July 1, 2016, by professional standard of the head of an educational organization this does not apply yet. The draft document, developed back in 2013, has not yet been adopted and does not have a mandatory status, although initially it, like all others related to educators, was planned to be put into effect as early as 2015. However, after consultation with educators' organizations, it was decided to first test the standards in the real practice of schools and other educational institutions.

This delay is mainly due to the fact that educational activities, as well as their management, are very different from the business processes that take place in ordinary organizations. In addition, the competence of the heads of educational organizations varies greatly depending on the type of such organization: it is difficult to compare the head of a municipal kindergarten and the rector state university, although both run an educational institution.

Taking into account the information that was obtained during the testing, discussions and the study of the opinions of practicing teachers, the professional standard was finalized. Its final adoption by order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation is expected in the second half of 2016. The introduction of the document into force as mandatory for use should be expected, most likely, from January 2017 - along with other professional standards developed for workers in the pedagogical sphere.

What does the draft professional standard for the head of an educational organization contain?

That option professional standard of the head of an educational organization, which is now being prepared for adoption, has a standard structure. Like other professional standards, it was developed according to the template established by the order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 12, 2013 No. 147n. According to this order, each professional standard should consist of the following parts:

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1. General information. Here the name of the type of professional activity, its main purpose and classification according to OKZ and OKVED codes are recorded.
2. functional card. Here the main groups of generalized functions are described - those that combine several more specific ones.
3. Characteristics of functions. In this part, the content of the previous section is described in detail for each function included in the generalized ones.
4. Information about organizations that took part in the development of the professional standard until it was approved by order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation.

Now let's look at what each of these parts will contain.

General information about the position

Section I of the standard contains both the official title of the position (“Head of an educational organization”) and the goals of this type of professional activity. The goals differ depending on the level of qualification, but one thing is common - the development and increase in the efficiency of the organization, as well as the improvement of the quality of educational services that are provided there.

In this section, leaders are classified as the following types economic activity in OKVED code:

• 85.11 - preschool education;
• 85.12 - initial general;
• 85.13 - basic general;
• 85.14 - average general;
• 85.21 - secondary vocational;
• 85.22.1 - bachelor's degree;
• 85.22.2 - specialty;
• 85.22.3 - magistracy;
• 85.23 - training of the highest qualification;
• 85.30 — professional education;
• 85.41 - additional education (both children and adults);
• 85.42 - additional vocational education.

Description of the functions included in the professional standard of the head of the educational organization

In this section of the draft professional standard, the following generalized functions are indicated:

1. Organization management.
2. Organization development.
3. Management of the resources available to the organization.
4. Representing the interests of the organization in contacts with authorities, local governments and other organizations (including foreign ones, when it comes to higher education).
5. Management of research, analytical, design and training activities.

Each of these generalized functions is decomposed into a series of more simple functions relating to specific types of educational organizations - from preschool institutions to universities. This does not apply only to the last group of functions, since research and design developments are not conducted in schools or kindergartens. In addition, each function has its own skill level - 7 (for preschool and general education) or 8 (for higher).

Characteristics of individual labor functions

This section contains a description of the individual actions that the manager must take to perform each individual function. They are characterized in sufficient detail: in the text of the project, the decoding of each of the functions described above takes at least 8 pages of typewritten text.

In addition, the same section specifies the requirements for education and practical experience, which should have the head holding the corresponding position. For example, to perform such a function as direct management of an organization, it is required:

• higher education;
• professional retraining;
• additional training in the course of work on professional programs(at least once every 3 years);
• the presence of an academic degree and title (for university rectors).

For a leader of any level, it is required that before being appointed to a position, he has worked in leadership or teaching positions for at least 3 years. In addition, there are some restrictions. For example, persons who are deprived by law of the right to engage in pedagogical activities are not allowed to this work.

Finally, this section fixes the official names of leaders in the field of education. According to the draft professional standard, 4 titles are allowed for their positions:

• rector;
• director;
• manager;
• Chief.

The question of whether other names are acceptable has not yet been resolved. Apparently, these 4 cover the whole range of possible educational institutions, including various gymnasiums, colleges and academies.

It should also be noted that the professional standard explicitly states that certain functions indicated in it can be assigned to deputies, vice-rectors, heads field trip etc. The assignment should take place in the order of delegation of authority and be properly executed internal documents educational organization. Moreover, in cases with deputies, the requirements regarding 3 years of leadership experience do not apply. For persons to whom only economic functions are transferred, the requirement regarding the experience of pedagogical activity does not apply.

What will happen to managers who do not meet the professional standard?

In connection with the introduction of a new professional standard, the question arises: what to do if one of the leaders does not meet the professional standard in terms of their qualifications? The current Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not provide for such a basis for dismissal as non-compliance with the professional standard. Moreover, the norms of the legislation on professional standards are not retroactive.

From this we can conclude: if a manager who does not meet the standard already holds his position at the moment when the new document enters into force, there are no reasons for his dismissal, so he will continue to hold his position. However, this does not mean that low-skilled leaders can relax. The fact is that there is such an opportunity for dismissal as a mismatch of the position due to insufficient qualifications. To confirm / refute this fact, certification will be required - and now it will be carried out just on the basis of the requirements enshrined in the professional standard.

That is why, in the time remaining before the introduction of the professional standard, the heads of educational organizations should think about how to improve their qualifications (unless, of course, they want to retain their positions). Otherwise, they will have to prepare either for transfer to another position, or for dismissal.

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The professional standard of the head of the educational organization accepts proposals

• 3325
• 17.02.2017

The FIRO website presents the current version of the professional standard "Head of an educational organization", finalized based on the results of comments received from the expert community and federal bodies executive power. Comments and suggestions are accepted.

The need to develop a professional standard for the management of an educational organization (a preschool educational organization, a general educational organization, a professional educational organization, an educational organization of higher education, an organization of additional education, an organization of additional professional education) is caused by many factors. In particular, the widespread use of project management methodology in the management of educational organizations in recent decades. Nevertheless, the work of many leaders today is based on an intuitive level within the framework of the so-called "manual control", the explanatory note to the document says.

The need to develop a professional standard for the head of an educational organization is related to the requirements of Article 51 of Federal Law No. 273-FZ, which determines that candidates for the position of head of an educational organization must have a higher education and comply with qualification requirements specified in the qualification handbooks for the relevant positions of heads of educational organizations and (or) professional standards.

Currently, the requirements for the qualifications of heads of educational organizations are described in two sections of the Unified qualification handbook positions of managers, specialists and employees (CEN), while the description of the positions is of an exemplary nature, which makes it difficult to use it, both in the field of labor relations and in the field of education.

Unlike the qualification characteristics presented in the CAS, professional standards describe activities, not positions and, accordingly, establish the requirements for education and work experience necessary to perform generalized labor functions (GTF) and labor functions (TF) included in them, and not to occupy one position or another.

The issue of professional standards is not new to international practice, noted in the document. An analysis of Russian and international professional standards for similar professional activities has shown that in the United States and most European countries, a professional standard is understood as a detailed description of the measurable requirements for the results and quality of performance by employees of their functions within a specific type of professional activity (profession), expressed in terms of competencies. For example, in the United States there are three types of professional standards: the code professional ethics, containing ethical guidelines, a code of qualifications standards, containing instructions on the experience and level of education required for work, and a code of professional standards, containing specific instructions for the performance of a particular job. A prime example of occupational standards that regulate levels of achievement are the UK National Qualifications for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET), which are framework qualifications for all occupations and industries.

As early as January 1, 2017, a decree on the introduction of professional standards will come into force, applicable to all employees performing their direct duties in educational institutions Russia.

It is quite natural that certain requirements will also be presented to the heads of educational institutions, but they have not yet been approved, and exist in draft form. And this automatically means that they can change. According to analysts, the main difficulty in compiling a professional standard for the head of an educational organization is that in various institutions (schools, kindergartens, colleges, etc.) there are a wide variety of competencies that should also be taken into account when drawing up an official document.

Why do we need a professional standard for the head of an educational organization

According to experts, this document can be attributed to the most controversial in modern Russian history. The fact is that it began to be developed back in 2013, but due to various detailed reasons, its adoption and approval were constantly postponed.

At the moment, there is no final data as to when the document will officially enter into force. Nevertheless, given the fact that the teacher's professional standard will begin to be officially used in regulatory documents from January 1, 2017, many analysts expect that the requirements for the leadership of educational institutions will be finalized by this date.

Initially, the requirements for the leadership of educational institutions were the usual recommendations that could be ignored. But, starting from July 2016, this documentation will gradually be introduced into the domestic education system, and in the near future it will become mandatory not only for institutions subordinate to government bodies, but also for structures managed by private individuals.

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The very appearance of this documentation is not surprising. The fact is that many of the norms of the ETKS, CEN, etc., which were in force earlier, are no longer comparable with modern realities and are outdated. This led to the fact that they simply do not reflect current situation in the field of education. You can often encounter a problem when conflicts arise regarding people who are put at the head of an educational organization, but whose competence in these matters raises great doubts.

According to many domestic politicians, education is the area where state control must be present at all stages of education. And an important element of this control is the determination of the requirements that are put forward to those people who fulfill their professional duties in this area.

In order to change the situation in the field of education, a draft professional standard was developed. The head of an educational organization must meet all the requirements specified in the document in order to be able to fulfill his duties as a leader. In addition, at the official level, this standard will fix specific labor obligations and managerial skills that any head of an organization in the field of education should possess.

Special attention is paid to functions that must be clearly performed in accordance with the requirements of the current legislative framework. By the way, according to many experts, it is this question that causes the largest number disputes, since the competence of the heads of educational institutions of various types inherently have a lot of differences, which in without fail must be displayed and recorded.

Nevertheless, there is already a preliminary version of the professional standard for the head of an organization in the field of education, which in the near future has every chance of becoming an official document that is mandatory for everyone. However, there is still no official information about the final date of adoption of the standard, and therefore it can be expected that the document will be finalized.

Experts argue that the adoption of this document will solve a lot of problems in the domestic educational environment. Which in recent years began to manifest themselves most actively. The approved standard is expected to help achieve the following key objectives:

1. The qualification skills of managers will be improved, which will certainly affect the quality of management of an educational institution in a positive direction.
2. All educational organizations will be under the vigilant control of the state, which will help to quickly solve problems that arise in this industry and prevent the occurrence of critical situations.
3. Russian education will rapidly develop in all directions.
4. A qualified leader will be able to significantly increase the quality indicator of education, achieving maximum interaction of all participants in the educational process.

What does the professional standard contain?

Since the professional standard of the manager has not yet been approved, at the moment it exists in a template form, approved in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation No. 147n. dated April 12, 2013. After its adoption, the project was not edited, and currently has the same look and structure.

In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Labor, the standard must contain several key parts:

• Common data. It indicates the classification of the profession according to the OKZ and OKVED codes, and also determines the specific type of professional activity;
• Main functionality. This part indicates the specific functions that should be performed by managers, but this list is generalized;
• Characteristics of the manager's functions. This section is a kind of continuation of the above paragraph, however, here, in a more extended and refined version, specific requirements for key functions official;
• Information regarding those organizations, institutions and structures that were directly involved in the development of the document, until the moment it was noticed at the highest legislative level and approved as a project document by order of the Ministry of Labor No. 147n. dated April 12, 2013.

In accordance with the established standards, the first section of the document includes the official title of the position (head of an educational institution) and a list of goals that executive should reach. It is worth noting that this section for managers of institutions of various types is almost the same, and differs only in the OKVED coding, according to which the activities of managers can be divided into several groups:

• Code 85.11, corresponding to the head of the institution preschool education;
• Code 85.12-85.14, which is used for general education institutions (primary, secondary and basic);
• Code 85.21 relating to the average professional education(colleges, schools, etc.);
• Code 85.22.1-85.22.3, provided for institutions providing higher education;
• Code 85.23 - regulating the training of specialists with higher qualification skills;
• Code 85.30 dealing with vocational training;
• Code 85.41, appropriate for additional education;
• Code 85.42, according to which conditions are determined for receiving auxiliary education that helps in the performance of basic professional duties.

The second and third sections of the professional standard for the deputy head of an educational organization (as well as for the direct head) are essentially complementary. Here, special attention is paid to the specific functions that will be assigned to the official involved in the management of the organization.

Generalized functions are presented in the following form:

1. Direct tasks that must be performed under the leadership of the organization.
2. Measures and actions related to the professional development of the institution in order to provide higher quality educational services.
3. Competent management of all resources (both tangible and intangible) that are on the balance sheet of the organization.
4. Implementation of tasks that will increase the quality and value of research, scientific, educational and production activities within a particular institution.
5. Active interaction with state and municipal authorities, foreign educational institutions and other counterparties that are involved in the activities of the educational institution.

As for individual labor functions, given the difference in the competence of the management staff in a particular institution, they are considered separately. However, there are conscientious characteristics that a teacher must meet in order to take a leadership position. This is about:

• Mandatory presence of a diploma of completed higher education in the profile;
• About passing vocational training;
• Participation in the work of special programs aimed at improving qualification skills and abilities (at least once every three years);
• The presence of scientific degrees, published scientific and research works (for the management of universities).

In addition, these sections also provide for the official titles of senior positions. At the moment, there are 4 of them - the head, the director, the head and the rector. However, according to this issue controversial issues often arise, so analysts do not exclude that in the future this list may be supplemented before the professional standard of the head is finally approved at the all-Russian level.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the introduction of a professional standard will help modernize and improve the Russian educational system, which will positively affect not only the qualifications of teaching staff and managers, but will also significantly improve the quality level of the system as a whole.

Thus, the professional standard will have a positive impact on the development of Russian education, and will enable the state to control the activities of those who occupy leadership positions.