Artificial nests for birds. Duplyanka (artificial bird nests)

(ROOB WITH DEFORMED TEXT, COMPLETE AND RECORD) "HOW FISH WINTER". RYMUHE SENNIEO KALOBA ROCK OWNB. IN THE RIVER COLD WATER SPILL.

what? what? what? what? What do you think the text should be written off or only adjectives?
Summer forest.
A slender white-barreled b_rezka flaunts. A white eye of strawberries looks out of the tree. Nearby, soulful large berries blush. And the summer sun shines over the forest.

Find it in the poem and read it. Choose a title for the text
by which you can easily determine the theme of the text.
Who was your great-grandfather in Russia?
Ask for your last name!
There are Kuznetsov in every class,
He was from a family of blacksmiths,
Father of the father of fathers.
Goncharov's great-grandfather knew
Pottery wheel and clay
Pilshchikov was friends with the saw,
Crumpled Kozhemyakin leather.
I went to the attacks of the Warriors,
Streltsov also fought ...
They sound like music, like poetry,
Surnames are simple.
Look and you will see them
History of Russia.
What words in the text are capitalized? What groups can they be divided into? First write down the geographical names, then the surnames in alphabetical order. Underline the capital letter. Write the highlighted words, mark the root. What are such words called?

what words in the text do not name objects and their signs, but point to them? how do they change. what words serve to connect words in a sentence and to connect

Do they change? In the morning, when the light from the dining room through the half-open door is still visible only as a pale slit, I know that the cat Vaska is sitting at the very door in the dark and waiting for me. He knows that the dining room is empty without me, and is afraid: in Elsewhere he might doze off my entrance to the dining room. He has been sitting here for a long time and, as soon as I bring in the kettle, he rushes to me with a kind cry. Questions also write out 2 words from the text that indicate the object is a sign or quality. Action. Words of what parts of speech are they? particle of speech decline. and what part of speech is conjugated

Main types of nests

Artificial nests

Since time immemorial, man has tried to settle birds near his dwelling so that they please him with their appearance and singing and be allies in the struggle for the harvest. A wide variety of objects were used and are still being used as artificial houses: clay pots, dry pumpkins, pipe cuttings, hollowed out pieces of wood. The most common are the so-called box nests, among them is the familiar birdhouse. Thanks to traditional attraction, the number of starlings has increased so much that in some places they began to harm fruit and berry crops. But, in addition to starlings, houses are inhabited by many other birds, which we have already written about. To attract them to gardens and parks, it is enough to hang up nesting boxes somewhat smaller than for starlings, in size (Fig. 17).

The types and sizes of such nests are shown in Figure 18. It is better to hang titmouses and nest boxes in groups of 10-30 pieces at a distance of 20-25 m from each other, since the birds, although they live alone, prefer to hear a singing neighbor. The hanging height is 3-5 m. If the site is intensively visited by people, then you can hang it higher. Of all directions, the flycatcher prefers the eastern one, and the titmouse prefers the western one. Half-hollows for wagtails and gray flycatchers are hung one at a time near buildings, boxes for jackdaws and swifts are also near housing. Indispensable conditions that must be observed when making nests: do not plan them from the inside - the chicks will not be able to get out of them; under the notch there should not be a variety of shelves and sticks; no gaps should be left in the walls and floor.

It is better to hang houses in late March - early April, according to tradition, schools celebrate Bird Day at this time. It can be held according to the most diverse program: with a carnival, a concert, children's reports on the meaning of birds, a competition for a record number of hollows made. At the end of spring, before the end of classes, it is very useful to make observations on the settlement of hung titmouses. This is easy to do by looking at what birds appear near the houses. In the fall, you can visit the nesting sites again, check their safety, and if the covers are removed, then clean them. It is not necessary to remove them for the winter, as wintering birds use them for spending the night.

Duplyanki and titmice can be hung in the pioneer camp. True, immediately after hanging, only pied flycatchers can nest in them, and even those in small numbers; in some, great tits with a second brood. On the other hand, next year it is possible to develop a complete program of observations on the colonization, intensity of rearing, timing of departure and repeated clutches of hollow-nesting birds.

It is somewhat more difficult to attract open-nesting birds for nesting, that is, those that do not use houses, but this is also possible on a school site or in a pioneer camp, especially if there is an orchard nearby. Open nesting birds, together with hollow nesters, will effectively protect it from pests. Most The best way- planting prickly garden hedges from honey locust, sucker, hawthorn, golden currant, shadberry, Tatar maple. If cut every year, they form a solid green wall, convenient for birds and inaccessible to predators. In such a wall near Moscow University, repolov, warblers, greenfinches nest every year. 8 pairs of greenfinches, 6 pairs of field sparrows, 10 pairs of gray and garden warblers, 2 pairs of shrike-shrikes were counted for nesting on one kilometer of the fence at the state farm "Tsvetschayu Moldaviya". Attracting birds increases their numbers by 5-7 times.

Meadow coin loves to sit on vertical blades of grass and twigs

Male and female warbler-blackheads are easy to distinguish by the color of the cap

Lentils are one of the most colorful songbirds

Chiffchaff, like other warblers, is painted very modestly, but it has a sonorous voice and an easy-to-remember song

Material from the Uncyclopedia

Artificial nests are often called bird houses. This is not entirely correct, because the nest itself, twisted or made by a bird, serves as a home for birds. Birds lay eggs in it, hatch chicks there and feed them.

Artificial nesting is made not only from boards or stumps of a tree trunk. It can be built from other materials and have different shapes.

A board nest is made of boards or croakers with a small flight hole. A nest box is hollowed out in a tree stump or made from a cut of a hollow tree. The flight opening is small. The pumpkin nest is made from the mature fruit of the bottle gourd. It is designed to attract birds that nest in hollows.

Special nests are built from any materials. They are designed to attract certain species of birds, such as the white wagtail, gray flycatcher, pika, which almost do not settle in other types of nests. They look different. For a swift, this is a box with a slot in the lid. Corner of two wooden planks-nesting for the gray flycatcher.

The base, or support, helps the birds to build a nest on the branches of trees and shrubs, in the forks of branches. Usually this is a shield of planks, a horizontal lattice. If you put a platform of twigs on the roof of a barn, a barn, a house, you will get the basis for a stork's nest.

Board and pumpkin nests, nest boxes are divided by size into large - galchatniks, medium - birdhouses and small - titmice. You can’t say and write “bird houses and birdhouses”, as is often done, because a bird house can also be a birdhouse. They are correctly called like this: a boardwalk birdhouse, a boardwalk titmouse or a birdhouse-birdhouse, a birdhouse-titmouse. When attracting birds for nesting, we advise young naturalists to cook mainly titmouse. More birdhouses are usually made, and too many starlings have appeared in some areas of the country. But they often forget about tits and other small birds that destroy insects in large numbers.

Nests made of boards and croakers are made in the form of an oblong box with right angles, a square bottom and walls of equal height. In this case, the nesting roof is obtained from one plank and without a slope.

Nesting boards should not be planed either from the outside or from the inside. The bottom is inserted into the nesting cavity and nailed with two nails from the sides. It is better to make a cover in width equal to the outer width of the nest. The rear cut of the cover must also be made flush with the rear outer wall, and only in front, above the notch, the cover can protrude by 2-3 cm, no more, otherwise it will obscure the nesting cavity.

The cover must be removed. To do this, two bars or a square plank are nailed to its lower side, equal in length to the inner width of the nest. When you nail this plank to the lid, you need to make sure that the layers of the bar or plank lie across the layers of wood at the lid. A removable cover is needed to clean the nesting cavity from the remnants of the nest, to study birds and ring them.

Letok - a round hole - is made at a distance of 2-3 cm from the upper cut of the nesting box. The wall with a notch is considered to be the front. There are square holes. They are made by sawing off one of the upper corners of the nesting wall. The notch itself fits under the underside of the lid. No additives, sticks and shelves under the notch, either outside or inside, do not need to be done. Birds do not need them, and it will be easier for predators to pull the chicks out of the nest.

The figure shows the details of the board nest, the dimensions of the birdhouse and the titmouse (in brackets), as well as appearance birdhouse-titmouse and its dimensions. The most suitable nest wall thickness is 1.5-2.5 cm.

The sizes of semi-open nests can be different: inner width from 10 to 20 cm, outer height from 25 to 40 cm. . Semi-open nests gray flycatchers, redstart and more large birds: jackdaws, owls, rollers, kestrels. The lid of such a nest is nailed tightly, if it is easy to penetrate into it, stick your hand in there when cleaning the nest.

When knocking together the walls of the nesting places, cracks are sometimes obtained. You should not pay attention to small ones (not wider than 2 mm), larger ones must be repaired.

In gardens, it is best to hang nesting boxes evenly, one for every tenth tree. For a hectare of forest you need 10-15 artificial nests different sizes, better than titmice. Hanging them on trees, you need to make sure that they hang vertically or lean slightly forward. Titmouses are hung within 4-5 m from the ground, and birdhouses - 5-6 m.

Any soft wire that can be bent with your fingers is suitable for attaching nests. They are driven into the side walls of the nest along the middle line and one third from the top (determined by eye) from the bottom up at an angle along the nail so that about half a nail would remain outside. The ends of the nails must not protrude into the nesting cavity. The end of the wire is wrapped around one of the nails, then the wire is thrown with tension through the cover, brought under the second nail, then the bough or tree trunk is covered with wire and the free end of the wire is fixed on the first nail. Make sure that the nesting box does not hang in the same horizontal line with the wire, otherwise, as the tree grows, the wire will put pressure on the sap-carrying vessels of the tree.

Pumpkin nests are made from dried fruits of bottle gourd, which ripens only in the southern regions of the country. The fruits of the correct form are used with a diameter of the base of the lower part of the fruit of at least 8 cm. The fruit is empty inside, pumpkin seeds are poured into it. They must be poured into the hole made for the notch. The notch is made in the narrower part of the fetus, on the side. The diameter of the notch is 3.2-4.0 cm. You can saw off the top. Pumpkin nests are tied tightly to the tree with a soft hemp rope so that they do not hang out. The letok should look to the side with a horizontal, inclined and vertical nesting position on a tree.

Artificial bird nest- an artificial structure designed to accommodate bird nests.

Purpose

Artificial bird nests can be installed for several purposes:

The attraction of birds to observe their nesting for research purposes or just for fun;
Support for populations of more or less rare bird species in the absence of natural nesting sites;
Attracting birds to destroy agricultural pests.
Raising a love for nature and work in children.

closed nests

Artificial nests are divided into open and closed. Closed nests are made in the form of wooden houses (boxes) and are usually intended for birds nesting in hollows. The work of setting up closed nests is sometimes called, in ornithologists' jargon, nestboxing(from English Nest box) .

Birdhouses and titmice

Most popular among amateurs birdhouses and titmice- artificial nests for small birds, mainly nesting in hollows. They are traditionally made in the form of wooden houses with a round or rectangular notch. Birdhouses and titmouses are often made by amateurs and are located in urban areas. In Soviet times, there was a practice of involving schoolchildren in the manufacture of birdhouses at labor lessons.

An option for a birdhouse or titmouse is also nest box- a nesting place in the form of a piece of a tree trunk with a hollowed out core, closed at the top and bottom with a bird entrance in the wall.

Owl nests

These nesting sites are established to support owl populations. It should be noted that the work of checking owls is associated with a certain risk, since owls near nests often behave very aggressively and can attack a person climbing a nesting tree or even just approaching it, and can cause injury. Therefore, protective equipment is used when checking owlers.

Efforts created a web-GIS for monitoring artificial closed nests for birds of prey.

Nests for small falcons

Nests for ducks

Sizes for birds of different species

Dimensions of artificial bird housing with a round entrance - a classic case (image 1)
Inhabits	Notch size	Bottom size	Front wall height	Back wall height
	A	B	C	D
Lesser spotted woodpecker, nuthatch, Wryneck, White-throated flycatcher, Lesser flycatcher, Pied flycatcher, Common pika, Short-toed pika, Redstart, Great tit, Brown-headed tit, Crested tit, Lazorevka, Moskovka, Field sparrow, Sparrow	2.8-3.5. Approximately 2 cm from the top of the roof	13	25	27
Hoopoe , Great spotted woodpecker , Middle spotted woodpecker , Common nuthatch , Wryneck , Barnacle flycatcher , Lesser flycatcher , Pied flycatcher , Common pika , Short-toed pika , Common redstart , Great tit , Blue titmouse , Muscovite , starling , House sparrow	5-5.5. Approximately 3-4 cm from the top of the roof	15	35	38
Hoopoe , Black woodpecker , Green woodpecker , Gogol , Klintukh , Jackdaw , Roller , Nuthatch , Redstart , Kestrel , Starling	8-8.5. Approximately 6 cm from the top of the roof	19	45	48
Jackdaw (recently recommended sizes)	10-12. Approximately 6 cm from the top of the roof	25	77	80
Eurasian goldeneye , Mallard , Greater merganser , Tawny owl , kestrel , Long-eared owl	12-15. Approximately 10 cm from the top of the roof	30	55	60

Dimensions of artificial bird housing with an open window (image 2)
Inhabits	Entry height	Bottom size	Front wall height	Back wall height
	A	B	C	D
Redstart, Flycatcher, Wagtail, European Robin	5	12x12	5	16
Kestrel (Do not cut the sides and slope of the roof)	16	23x40	14	30

Open nests

Open nests are platforms installed on trees or on poles in conditions of a shortage of nesting trees and are intended for birds nesting in open nests (mainly birds of prey). great job Ivanovsky, Vladimir Valentinovich, studied the methods of building nests in the 80s.

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Notes

An excerpt characterizing the Artificial Nest for Birds

The so-called guerrilla war began with the entry of the enemy into Smolensk.
Before the guerrilla war was officially accepted by our government, already thousands of people of the enemy army - backward marauders, foragers - were exterminated by the Cossacks and peasants, who beat these people as unconsciously as dogs unconsciously bite a runaway rabid dog. Denis Davydov, with his Russian intuition, was the first to understand the significance of that terrible club, which, without asking the rules of military art, destroyed the French, and he owns the glory of the first step in legitimizing this method of war.
On August 24, the first partisan detachment of Davydov was established, and after his detachment others began to be established. The further the campaign progressed, the more the number of these detachments increased.
The partisans destroyed the Great Army in parts. They picked up those falling leaves that fell of themselves from a withered tree - the French army, and sometimes shook this tree. In October, while the French fled to Smolensk, there were hundreds of these parties of various sizes and characters. There were parties that adopted all the methods of the army, with infantry, artillery, headquarters, with the comforts of life; there were only Cossack, cavalry; there were small, prefabricated, foot and horse, there were peasants and landlords, unknown to anyone. There was a deacon head of the party, who took several hundred prisoners a month. There was an elder, Vasilisa, who beat hundreds of Frenchmen.
The last days of October were the time of the height of the guerrilla war. That first period of this war, during which the partisans, themselves surprised at their audacity, were afraid at any moment to be caught and surrounded by the French and, without unsaddling and almost dismounting their horses, hid through the forests, waiting for every minute of the chase, has already passed. Now this war was already determined, it became clear to everyone what could be done with the French and what could not be done. Now only those commanders of the detachments, who, according to the rules, went away from the French with headquarters, still considered many things impossible. The small partisans, who had long ago begun their work and were closely looking out for the French, considered possible what the leaders of large detachments did not even dare to think about. The Cossacks and the peasants, who climbed between the French, believed that now everything was possible.
On October 22, Denisov, who was one of the partisans, was with his party in the midst of partisan passion. In the morning he and his party were on the move. All day long, through the forests adjacent to the main road, he followed a large French transport of cavalry things and Russian prisoners, separated from other troops and under strong cover, as was known from scouts and prisoners, heading for Smolensk. This transport was known not only to Denisov and Dolokhov (also a partisan with a small party), who walked close to Denisov, but also to the heads of large detachments with headquarters: everyone knew about this transport and, as Denisov said, they sharpened their teeth on it. Two of these great detachment commanders - one Pole, the other German - almost at the same time sent an invitation to Denisov to join his detachment in order to attack the transport.
- No, bg "at, I myself have a mustache," said Denisov, after reading these papers, and wrote to the German that, despite the sincere desire that he had to serve under the command of such a valiant and famous general, he must deprive himself of this happiness, because he had already entered under the command of a Pole general, but he wrote the same to the Pole general, notifying him that he had already entered under the command of a German.
Having thus ordered, Denisov intended, without informing his superiors, to attack and take this transport with his small forces together with Dolokhov. The transport went on October 22 from the village of Mikulina to the village of Shamsheva. On the left side of the road from Mikulin to Shamshev there were large forests, in places approaching the road itself, in places moving away from the road by a verst or more. For a whole day through these forests, now going deep into the middle of them, then leaving for the edge, he rode with the party of Denisov, not losing sight of the moving French. In the morning, not far from Mikulin, where the forest came close to the road, Cossacks from Denisov's party seized two French wagons with cavalry saddles that had become muddy and took them into the forest. From then until evening, the party, without attacking, followed the movement of the French. It was necessary, without frightening them, to let them calmly reach Shamshev and then, connecting with Dolokhov, who was supposed to arrive in the evening for a meeting at the guardhouse in the forest (a verst from Shamshev), at dawn fall from both sides like snow on his head and beat and take them all at once.
Behind, two versts from Mikulin, where the forest approached the road itself, six Cossacks were left, who were supposed to report it immediately, as soon as new French columns appeared.
Ahead of Shamshev, in the same way, Dolokhov had to explore the road in order to know at what distance there were still other French troops. During transport, one thousand five hundred people were supposed. Denisov had two hundred men, Dolokhov could have as many. But the superiority of numbers did not stop Denisov. The only thing he still needed to know was what exactly these troops were; and for this purpose Denisov needed to take a tongue (that is, a man from an enemy column). In the morning attack on the wagons, things happened with such haste that the French who were with the wagons were all killed and only the drummer boy was captured alive, who was backward and could not say anything positively about what kind of troops were in the column.
Denisov considered it dangerous to attack another time, so as not to alarm the entire column, and therefore he sent the muzhik Tikhon Shcherbaty, who was with his party, forward to Shamshevo - to capture, if possible, at least one of the French advanced quartermasters who were there.

It was an autumn, warm, rainy day. Sky and horizon were the same color of muddy water. Now it seemed to fall like a mist, then suddenly it allowed a slanting, heavy rain.
On a thoroughbred, thin horse with tucked-up sides, in a cloak and hat, from which water flowed, Denisov rode. He, like his horse, which squinted its head and pursed its ears, frowned from the slanting rain and looked anxiously ahead. His face, emaciated and overgrown with a thick, short, black beard, looked angry.
Next to Denisov, also in a cloak and hat, on a well-fed, large bottom rode a Cossack esaul - Denisov's employee.
Esaul Lovaisky, the third, also in a cloak and hat, was a long, flat, white-faced, fair-haired man, with narrow bright eyes and a calmly smug expression both in his face and in his seat. Although it was impossible to say what was the peculiarity of the horse and the rider, but at the first glance at the esaul and Denisov it was clear that Denisov was both wet and awkward - that Denisov was a man who mounted a horse; whereas, looking at the esaul, it was clear that he was just as comfortable and calm as always, and that he was not a man who mounted a horse, but a man together with a horse, one being, increased by double strength, being.
A little ahead of them walked a sodden peasant conductor, in a gray caftan and white cap.
A little behind, on a thin, thin Kyrgyz horse with a huge tail and mane and with bloody lips, rode a young officer in a blue French overcoat.
A hussar rode next to him, carrying a boy in a tattered French uniform and a blue cap behind him on the back of his horse. The boy held on to the hussar with his hands, red from the cold, moved, trying to warm them, his bare feet, and, raising his eyebrows, looked around him in surprise. It was the French drummer taken in the morning.

Artificial bird nest- an artificial structure designed to accommodate bird nests.

Purpose

Artificial bird nests can be installed for several purposes:

The attraction of birds to observe their nesting for research purposes or just for fun;
Support for populations of more or less rare bird species in the absence of natural nesting sites;
Attracting birds to destroy agricultural pests.
Raising a love for nature and work in children.