Code of professional ethics for kindergarten workers. Consultation "pedagogical ethics in the work of a preschool teacher" Pedagogical ethics of a kindergarten teacher

The purpose of the workshop:

introduce teachers to the topic "Professional ethics and pedagogical communication"

Tasks:

- to form a primary attitude to the choice of constructive strategies in interpersonal interaction;

Plan.

Theoretical module.

2. Pedagogical communication. The culture of speech of employees when communicating.

3. Communication between the teacher and pupils.

4. Communication between teachers.

5. Relations with the administration.

6. Relations with parents and guardians of pupils.

Practical module.

Exercises.

Ways to solve typical situations.

Final part. Filling out feedback forms .

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SEMINAR-WORKSHOP "PEDAGOGICAL ETHICS IN THE WORK OF THE TEACHER OF THE DOE, INTERACTION OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS".

PREPARED:

Teacher-psychologist MBDOU No. 27

Burdina Tamara Viktorovna

The purpose of the workshop:

introduce teachers to the topic "Professional ethics and pedagogical communication"

Tasks:

- to form a primary attitude to the choice of constructive strategies in interpersonal interaction;

Plan.

Introductory part. Seminar theme message.

Theoretical module.

The personality of the teacher. Authority, honor, reputation.
pedagogical communication. The culture of speech of employees when communicating.
Communication between teachers.
Relationship with administration.
Relationships with parents and guardians of pupils.

Practical module.

Exercises.

Ways to solve typical situations.

Final part. Filling out feedback forms.

Professional ethics. Personality. Honour. Reputation.

I would like to begin my opening remarks with the words of Voltaire:

"Only the one who controls himself can rule the world."

In other words, only a person with high moral qualities can achieve much. We must be more perfect for the sake of ourselves and our children, and the profession we have chosen - the Teacher - obliges us to do this.

Let's remember what "ethics" is. The word is derived from the ancient Greek einos – "custom, good manners of thought."

The philosophers of the ancient society in their works expressed some judgments on the issues of pedagogical ethics. For example,

Democritus spoke of the need to conform upbringing with the nature of the child, of the use of children's curiosity as the basis of the doctrine of the preference for means of persuasion over means of coercion;

Aristotle considered education a matter of national importance; but only Quintilian for the first time raised questions of pedagogy at a professional level - his recommendations were a generalization of pedagogical experience, warned the teacher against the use of coercion.

The requirements that modern society currently places on a teacher are very high. About him professional qualities judged not only by how well he masters various methods, but also by how well he is brought up. A cultured person, as we want to see a teacher, must own the achievements of behavioral culture, be able to use it in professional activity and personal life. As I thought Rousseau , the teacher must be devoid of human vices, and morally stand above society. Pestalozzi believed that a true teacher should be able to detect and develop positive qualities in any child. personal qualities, promoted the ideas of labor and moral education.

Pedagogical ethics considers the essence of the main categories of pedagogical morality and moral values.moral valuescan be called a system of ideas about good and evil, justice and honor, which act as a kind of assessment of the nature of life phenomena, moral virtues and actions of people. Among these categories are professional pedagogical duty, pedagogical justice, pedagogical honor and pedagogical authority.

The professional ethics of a teacher requires vocation, dedication to their work and a sense of responsibility in the performance of their duties.

The teacher is demanding in relation to himself and strives for self-improvement. It is characterized by self-observation, self-determination and self-education.

The teacher is responsible for the quality and results of the pedagogical work entrusted to him - education.

The educator is responsible for the physical, intellectual, emotional and spiritual protection of children left under his supervision.

The teacher is responsible for the functions entrusted to him by the administration and the resources entrusted to him.

Teachers need constant renewal and self-development. He is engaged in his education, advanced training and search best practices work.

By his behavior, the teacher supports and protects the historically established professional honor of the teacher.

The teacher passes on to the younger generation national and universal cultural values, takes part in the process of cultural development.

He cannot engage in anti-cultural activities either in the performance of his direct duties, or outside the educational institution.

In communication with his pupils and in all other cases, the teacher is respectful, polite and correct. He knows and observes the rules of etiquette that are appropriate for each individual situation.

The authority of a teacher is based on competence, fairness, tact, and the ability to take care of their pupils. The teacher does not create his authority with the help of incorrect methods and does not abuse them.

The teacher educates on his own good example. He is not in a hurry to condemn and does not demand from others what he himself is unable to observe.

The teacher has the right to inviolability of personal life, however, the way of life chosen by him should not lower the prestige of the profession, pervert his relations with pupils and colleagues, or interfere with the performance of professional duties.

Drunkenness and abuse of other intoxicants is incompatible with the teaching profession.

The teacher values his reputation.

The game "Make a portrait" (The most significant qualities of an educator).

Instruction: Dear colleagues, on your multi-colored pieces of paper, write the most significant personality trait or skill of the educator, in your opinion.

Let's attach the leaves to our tree.

(Intelligence, nobility, culture, knowledge, professionalism, love for children, discipline, a penchant for creativity, sociability, activity, versatile interests, organizational skills, enthusiasm, intelligence, sense of humor, listening skills, kindness, tact, justice, decency, etc. .d.) WOOD

Communication between teacher and students.

The teacher himself chooses the appropriate style of communication with students or pupils, based on mutual respect.

The style of pedagogical communication that determines the behavior of children.

Each teacher has an individual style of activity and communication, that is, a combination of tasks, means and methods of pedagogical activity that is characteristic of him. The results of educational influence depend on the personality of the teacher and his style of interaction with children. In the process of communicating with a child, an adult must not only theoretically transfer his experience and knowledge to children, but, above all, broadcast his personal attitude towards another person with his own behavior. Real pedagogical communication involves subjective relations: communication partners build their interaction in such a way as to take into account the psychological characteristics of each other: interests, motives, goals, temperament, abilities. With this type of communication, the teacher, addressing the child, assumes a certain attitude towards his address on his part, argues his requirements, explains the behavior. If there is no mutual orientation in the teacher's communication with children, i.e. children act only as an object of influence, then one cannot speak of full-fledged communication.

The personal qualities of the educator, manifested in his professional activities, become a significant factor determining the content, nature and characteristics of his influence on the personality of the child. The words and actions of the teacher determine the features and further development of his interaction with children, influence the growth of children's self-awareness, and the formation of friendly attachments among peers.

The teacher takes a dominant position, does not allow children to show independence and initiative. Pupils in this case are the object of educational influences.

Children with such methods of interaction will most likely be well armed with knowledge, skills and abilities and even demonstrate them in practice, however, such a demonstration is not due to the real needs and values of the child, but the need to implement the desired behavior in the presence of the educator. This model does not contribute to the development of independence and creative initiative in children, as well as full-fledged interpersonal contacts.

Democratic style of pedagogical communication

The main feature of this style is mutual acceptance and cooperation. The teacher is focused on involving pupils in the discussion and joint solution of common affairs and problems. Creates conditions for self-realization and manifestation of the creative initiative of children. Promotes the development of the child's ability to communicate, take into account the interests of other people, show initiative and independence. The child feels emotionally protected, shows confidence and activity.

Liberal style of pedagogical communication

It is characterized by the desire of the teacher to be minimally involved in activities, formalism. The conniving style of communication implements the tactics of non-intervention, the basis of which is indifference and disinterest. Avoids responsibility for the results of their activities. The results of this approach to education include the rupture of emotional ties between adults and a child. It is possible that the child will show early autonomy and independence, but will not be able to participate and empathize with other people.

In real pedagogical practice, mixed styles of communication most often take place. The teacher cannot absolutely exclude from his arsenal some private methods of the authoritarian style of communication, which sometimes turn out to be quite effective. But even in this case, the teacher should be generally focused on democratic style communication, dialogue and cooperation with children, since this style of communication allows you to maximize the personal development strategy of pedagogical interaction.

The characteristics of the above styles of pedagogical communication are given in a "pure" form. At the same time, in real pedagogical practice, mixed styles of communication most often take place. The teacher cannot absolutely exclude from his arsenal some private methods of the authoritarian style of communication, which sometimes turn out to be quite effective. But even in this case, the teacher should be generally focused on the democratic style of communication, dialogue and cooperation with children, since this style of communication allows the maximum implementation of the personality-developing strategy of pedagogical interaction.

The style of interaction between a teacher and children has a direct impact on the nature of children's communication with each other, the general atmosphere in the children's group. So, if the teacher demonstrates a respectful attitude towards children, supports the initiative, shows interested attention, helps in difficult situations, then it is highly likely that children will communicate with each other according to the same rules. On the contrary, the authoritarian attitude of the teacher towards children, the suppression of independence, the presence of negative assessments regarding the personality, and not the actions of the child, can lead to low group cohesion, frequent conflicts between children, and other difficulties in communication. For practical clarity, it is advisable to compare the results of diagnosing the nature of interaction between teachers and children with the characteristics of relationships in the children's group.

What is the importance of pedagogical ethics in working with children.

Educator for a preschooler- the first person after his parents, teaching him the rules of life in society, expanding his horizons, shaping his interaction in human society. He bears a huge responsibility for the current and future life of the pupil, which requires high professionalism and pedagogical tact from us.

By the way, "tact" translated from Greek - "light touch".

« A light touch" to a person, his thoughts, feelings, the ability to understand, sympathize, regret. In the words of G. Gutskov “Tact is the highest development of the ability to communicate. To be tactful, it is not enough just kindness of heart or natural modesty. Tact is the mind of the heart". Pedagogical tact is always creativity and search.

The constant communication of the educator with the children requires from him "great tact, combining high demands, sensitivity, justice, humanity, perseverance, endurance and self-control." All these are the most important indicators of his professional abilities and capabilities.

Possessing pedagogical tact, the teacher knows how to talk with children, listen to them. The American psychologist Virginia Satir emphasizes that if an adult cannot listen to a child, he should not even pretend to listen. If a child has a problem that he considers important, you need to give him your full attention. If at the moment you cannot do this, explain to the child that you are busy now and will come to him as soon as you are free. But at the same time, it is extremely important to remember your promise and, without waiting for a second reminder, pay attention to the child as soon as the opportunity arises.

Further, the educator shows restraint in any circumstances; finds ways to influence children, taking into account their pride, chooses a place and time for a heart-to-heart talk; understands and evaluates children's actions, and, most importantly, knows how to individualize the methods and techniques of education, based on the best that is in the child. High demands are perceived by children as an act of justice, when it is combined with sensitivity, delicacy and patience. The humanity of the teacher is manifested in the steady observance of the rights and freedoms of the child. Of particular note is the inadmissibility of any violent acts against children: the imposition of someone else's opinion, infringement of personal dignity, the use of corporal punishment, etc.

Every child is unique, every child is special. And in order to open the door to the world of the child's soul, you need to choose the right key. But even with the key in hand, it would probably be wrong to think that this door can be easily opened. The educator should be able to "get into the skin of the child", imbued with his ideas and interests, be close to him in spirit and emotional responsiveness. There is only one way to win the trust of children, to become the confidant of their secrets: by respecting themselves, their secrets, dreams, interests, experiences, aspirations. Russian philosopher V.V. RozanovHe reasoned: “Is a genius mind needed for this, a deep insight? No, more difficult than this: a simple, loving heart – only…”

A sensitive teacher who loves children has a lot of tricks in his arsenal that help to arouse the disposition of preschool children. Much depends on how you look in the eyes of children: whether they will believe in you, in your authority, whether they will adopt the best qualities from you. After all, children learn to be friendly, affable, polite, attentive, sensitive by the example of their mentor. They see sympathy on the face of the educator if someone is hurt; genuine joy when they succeed; upset when they fail. They watch you when you patiently explain something to the nanny, greet their parents warmly... Children, being in the kindergarten all day, see us as a model of behavior.

A teacher who does not forget that he is entrusted with the most precious thing - children, will certainly ask himself who he is for his pupils:

He is a senior comrade: he will talk, advise, come up with something new, amazing.

He is an arbitrator: he will judge according to justice, according to the laws of conscience.

He is a protector: he will protect from the offender.

He is the creator of children's joy: it is interesting, fun with him.

He is a wise man: he knows everything, he can do everything, he can do everything, he will teach everything.

He is a close person who replaces the mother for the child in her absence. Next to him, it is warm and cozy in a homely way, and therefore the child blossoms, opens up, brings him the most cherished, innermost.

Only such a teacher, who joyfully and actively devotes himself to his favorite work, can create an atmosphere of joy and comfort for the child.

Situation resolution.

Situation 1

Children say about the teacher: “All day long she scolds us, and in the evening, when moms and dads come, she hugs us and affectionately calls us.”

Situation 2

On a walk, the teachers of the two groups are enthusiastically talking to each other. Children run and have fun. Here they are already out of proportion. Only when someone fell down and cried did the teachers pay attention to them. They read the notation and ... punished. (Who needs to be punished? Why? What would you do?)

Situation 3.

Decision. In this situation, the teacher must take into account that the boy is a beginner, he does not yet know the rules kindergarten. It is necessary to take into account his alarming state. She needs to calmly, intelligibly talk about the rules of conduct in kindergarten, then offer with a friendly intonation: “Let's take the car with you to where it should be, that is, to the garage.” The boy will gladly comply with this requirement.

Situation 4

Decision

Exercise "Sun"

The goal is to show the influence of the manner of speaking, the degree of emotionality of statements, behavior, facial expressions on the individual perception of the child.

Materials:

children's drawings on the theme "Evil man",
3-4 sheets of drawing paper;
markers and paints (for each participant).

The psychologist suggests that teachers be divided into three groups. The first group of educators - with work experience
20-25 years old, the second group - with an experience of 10-15 years, the third group - young professionals.

Each group takes a piece of paper with a circle drawn in the middle (size does not matter). The task of the members of each subgroup is to complete the circle, to draw the image of an angry, screaming, irritated person. (Draw with paints.) Each member of the group draws a ray from the created image and writes the end of the phrase over it: “I get angry, scream, get annoyed, behave aggressively and offend my pupils. I act this way because…”

The groups then present their work. (Teachers with 20-25 years of experience are invited first.)
After reading all the phrases written above the rays, they need to analyze the reasons for the aggressive behavior of adults towards children and say what needs to be done so as not to injure children with such reactions and their behavior.

Next, the participants discuss why different age categories of teachers have different reasons for aggressive behavior.
behavior. It is necessary to bring the members of the group to the idea that internal work is needed on their actions, to jointly outline ways to solve this problem.

Task 1. Expressive speech

Leading: It is important for a teacher to control himself, to regulate his emotional state. And all this is clearly expressed through the word and facial expressions.

1st team:

Say the phrase "Come here"

loud,
indignantly,
joyfully,
mysteriously.

2nd team:

Say "well done"

quiet,
loudly, softly
surprised
joyfully.

Exercises “Situation in the subway”.

Goals. Demonstrate the difference between a request and a demand; realize what the difference is.

Time spent 3 minutes.

Procedure. The host offers to play the situation in the subway: teenage guys are sitting, and a grandmother is standing next to him. You need to ask them to give up their seat. Three people act as grandmothers, having worked out the concepts of “order”, “requirement”, “request”.

Reflection As you can see, there are many situations and there is no single solution for everyone, and the success of education depends on how you choose the right way out of the current situation.

Communication between teachers.

The relationship between teachers is based on the principles of collegiality, partnership and respect. The teacher defends not only his own authority, but also the authority of his colleagues. He does not belittle his colleagues in the presence of pupils or other persons.

Teachers avoid unreasonable and scandalous conflicts in relationships. In case of disagreements, they seek their constructive solution.

Teachers of the same educational institution avoid competition that interferes with their partnership in the implementation of a common cause. Teachers are united by mutual assistance, support, openness and trust.

The right and duty of the teacher is to evaluate the activities of colleagues and administration. Harassment of a teacher for criticism is strictly prohibited. Criticism, first of all, should be internal, that is, it should be expressed in the preschool educational institution and other educational institutions between teachers, and not outside the preschool educational institution. It should be spoken face to face, not behind the eyes. AT educational institutions there should be no place for gossip.

Criticism directed at the work, decisions, views and actions of colleagues or administration should not humiliate the person being criticized. It should be justified, constructive, tactful, inoffensive, benevolent.

The most important problems and decisions in pedagogical life are discussed and adopted in open pedagogical discussions.

Teachers do not cover up each other's mistakes and misdeeds.

Teamwork and subordination: when is it most needed?

A person spends most of his life at work. It is very important for those who work in a team to clearly outline their terms of reference and identify boundaries that should not be crossed. There are quite a few such borders, but the border remains the sharpest. business communication. It is enough to follow a few simple rules subordination in order to work comfortably among colleagues.

Do not be too frank and bring your personal life to the public discussion. Such conversations at work are completely inappropriate, and in the worst case, they can turn against you in the future. Purely business relationship and talk, nothing more.

You should maintain independence and integrity, even if the opinion of the team is contrary to yours. You should not enter into conflicts, and if this cannot be avoided, maintain composure.

A conflict between a boss and a subordinate is also very likely, since they are in an unequal position from the very beginning. Resentment, resentment, and even a desire to quit can cause a boss to reprimand. You should take this as constructive criticism, calm down and try to correct the situation.

Is it necessary to keep a distance from colleagues?

Our second home is work, which is particularly affected by relationships with superiors, subordinates and colleagues. A person forms a social circle by tying relationships that can develop into friendship from cooperation. The scenario is considered ideal when employees build truly friendly relations in the team. Then the person "grows" with his friends and he wants to work with double strength. Unity only improves the work. When the team is close-knit and works together for more than one month, then normal communication is only for the benefit of everyone.

When closing the distance with colleagues and maintaining friendship with some of them, follow some unspoken rules.

Try not to discuss the methods of work of the authorities and the wages of employees at work. Discuss personal information without witnesses, and even more so not in writing. Keep quiet about your personal life. The most important thing is that even if you hear the phrase "we are all here - one family" even when applying for a job, remember that your real family is at home. At work, people perform their duties and bring benefits, raising the status of the institution.

Psychologists offer 5 ways to get out of conflict situations (hand out tables)

Competition ( competition) suggests focusing only on one's own interests. Complete disregard for the interests of the partner

avoidance (avoidance) is characterized by a lack of attention, both to their own interests and to the interests of a partner

Compromise - Achieving "half" benefits for each party.

fixture presupposes an increased attention to the interests of another person to the detriment of one's own.

Cooperation is a strategy that takes into account the interests of both parties.

In pedagogical practice, there is an opinion that the most effective way out of a conflict situation is compromise and cooperation. However, any of the strategies can be effective. Since each has its own positive and negative sides.

Exercise "Choose your partner"

Instruction:

I suggest that each of you choose a couple of those with whom you do not want to part. Dance on A4 sheets.

Question: was it easy for you to adapt to each other by performing joint actions. In the same way, we need to work together.

Exercise "Finish the sentence"

Target - promote team building.

Psychologist: “It is very important when there are people who understand you, accept and

can support. We are all one team. Everyone needs the support and help of the team.”

Each member of the group (in turn) talks about what the team means to him: “Our team is ...”

Exercise "Sculpture"

Goals:

Express the situation and attitude towards other people only with gestures and touches, without words;

Contribute to the creation of a positive atmosphere in the group.

The group is given the task - to "blind" into a common group "sculpture" (all members of the group participate). Everyone must choose their own role in this company-composition. The theme should be dynamic - "Portrait".

A discussion is underway. Why did the participants choose these particular roles? What do they have in common, what is different?

Colleagues determine how each sees himself in the group, in what role, what are the systems of relations.

Communication of the educator with the parents (guardians) of pupils

Working with families is hard work. And this requires some effort from teachers. Both the educator and the parent are adults who have their own psychological characteristics, age and individual traits, their own life experience and their own vision of problems.

For a moment, turn on the fantasy and imagine .... In the morning, moms and dads bring children to kindergarten, politely say: “Hello!” - and leave. Children spend the whole day in kindergarten: they play, walk, study ... And in the evening parents come and, saying: “Goodbye!”, Take the children home. Teachers and parents do not communicate, do not discuss the successes of children and the difficulties they experience, do not find out how the child lives, what interests him, pleases, upsets him. And if questions suddenly arise, then parents can say that there was a survey and we talked about everything there. And teachers will answer them like this: “After all, there are information stands. Read it, it's all there! Agree, the picture turned out to be bleak ... And, I want to say that this is simply impossible.

Teachers and parents have common tasks: to do everything so that children grow up happy, active, healthy, cheerful, sociable, so that they become harmoniously developed personalities. Modern preschool institutions do a lot to ensure that communication with parents is rich and interesting. The main task is to achieve real cooperation between the kindergarten and the family. Communication will be successful if it is meaningful, based on common and significant topics for both parties.

Who has the leading role in organizing communication? Certainly a teacher. To build it, it is important to have communication skills, navigate the problems of upbringing and the needs of the family, and be aware of the latest achievements of science. The teacher should let parents feel their competence and interest in the successful development of the child, show parents that he sees them as partners, like-minded people.

A teacher who is competent in the field of communication with parents understands why communication is necessary and how it should be, knows what is necessary for communication to be interesting and meaningful, and, most importantly, actively acts.

Many teachers experience difficulties in communicating with the parents of pupils. Someone believes that parents are to blame for everything, who do not care about children and their development, who do not want their child to grow up good. It's hard to agree with this. Parents do not always have enough time to communicate, there are also categories of difficult parents, but something else is important. Teachers need to see the causes of difficulties - not only in their parents, but also in themselves.

Sample communication code:

Always strive to be good mood and be pleasant in communication.
Try to feel the emotional state of the parents.
Finding an opportunity to tell parents something positive about the child every time is The best way put your parents on your side.
Give parents a chance to speak without interrupting them.
Be emotionally balanced when communicating with parents, set an example of good manners and tact.
In a difficult situation, try to set an example of compliance - you can’t drop your dignity by doing this, but you can strengthen it.

I wish you good luck with your parents!

(A survey was conducted. The floor for summing up the results of the survey is given to the teacher-psychologist of our kindergarten.)

Exercise "The most difficult parent, the most pleasant parent"

Target: awareness of the emotional perception of the parents of pupils.

Execution procedure:Teachers are invited in groups of 3-4 people to create a generalized portrait of the parent, communication with which causes them negative feelings. Then create a portrait of that parent, communication with which always causes positive emotions.

Exercise Analysis

1. What emotions did you experience when creating a portrait of a parent with whom you do not like to come into contact? What qualities do you reflect in this portrait? Have you had such parents in your practice?

2. What did you feel when creating a portrait of a parent with whom you enjoy communicating? Are there such parents in your group?

3. In your opinion, is it necessary to look for ways to contact those parents who are unpleasant to you.

An exercise. "Facial expressions and gestures"

The purpose of the exercise: the formation of the ability to consciously use facial expressions and gestures in communication.

Execution procedure

Teachers are encouraged to convey a message using only non-verbal forms of communication. Game options:

Only with the help of hands show parents how the child completed the task for the lesson in fine arts;

With the help of facial expressions (without gestures), show a naughty child in class;

With the help of facial expressions, gestures and posture, show how the child was harmful in the art class.

Exercise Analysis

1. Do you often use facial expressions and gestures when communicating with your parents?

2. Do your facial expressions and gestures influence the establishment of friendly relations with your parents?

3. Can you determine the state of the parents by their facial expressions and gestures?

Exercise "Choose a phrase"

The leader's word: "The educator is responsible for the consequences of what he says. In order for speech to have a positive effect on parents, you need to choose phrases that exclude the triggering of psychological protection in parents"

Instruction. Educators are invited to find in the proposed list:

1) five "unfortunate" phrases that should not be used;

2) "undesirable" phrases and semantic ("desirable") pairs to them.

Handout

Instructions: Highlight, in your opinion, "unsuccessful" phrases in red. Indicate with an arrow the "undesirable" phrases paired with the "desirable" ones so that the arrow goes from the "undesirable" phrase to the "desirable" one.

Sorry if I interrupted.

I would like.

You probably haven't heard about it yet.

Preview:

Situation 1.

Five-year-old Vitalik, appearing in the kindergarten in the morning, immediately starts running. It is difficult to switch it to a quiet activity. And if, obeying the demand of the educator, he sits down at board game, then a quarrel immediately breaks out, which often ends in tears. So he began to behave recently. Why? In a conversation with the father, it turns out that the family has moved to a new apartment and the parents are still forced to take their son to the former kindergarten. “Probably, the child gets tired on the way,” the teacher makes an assumption. “That can’t be,” the father objects. “After all, he sits all the way.”? Is the child really tired? How to explain such a feature of the child's body - rapid fatigue from restriction of movement or monotonous activity? Decision.When the baby is in a static position for a long time (standing, sitting, etc.), the load falls on the same muscle groups and corresponding centers nervous system, resulting in rapid fatigue. If the child's activity is varied, then, consequently, the load also changes; Muscles and nerve centers that are not working at the moment seem to rest, gaining strength.

Situation 2

Morning. The group room is unusually lively: new toys have appeared in the play corner. All the guys are looking at them carefully. Planned interesting game. Only Vasya, secluded, stares blankly at the children.

Why are you so sad? Didn't you get sick? - asks his teacher.

No ... I'm like that, - the boy whispers, turning to the wall so that no one sees the tears welling up in his eyes. And suddenly, burying himself in the teacher's dress, he sobbed:

I'm sorry for Mom... Dad came late again and drank wine with Uncle Tolya. And my mother was crying. Dad was making noise all night.

Analyze how Vasya's father's behavior affects the child's condition. What, in your opinion, can a kindergarten help a family in creating a healthy life?

Most children from drinking families are diagnosed with mental illness - neurotic development, neurosis, psychopathy, mental retardation and mental retardation, organic diseases of the central nervous system, and many others. Providing socio-pedagogical assistance to the family, through the solution of the following tasks: providing the family with advisory, socio-pedagogical and legal services; assistance to the family in increasing its educational potential, common culture, formation healthy lifestyle life; implementation of group and individual work on the prevention of negative phenomena among children (conversations, trainings, solving problematic problems, situations, reading, etc.); forecasting social assistance children and their families; training and development of children in accordance with their individual psychophysical characteristics.

Situation 3.

Mom came to the kindergarten for Dima. He joyfully told her: “Mom, today we glued the bird!”

Mom Why are all your clothes wet?

Dima The teacher said that he tried very hard.

Mom How many times do I have to tell you - put your pants and mittens on the radiator!

Dima I'll try to make such a bird at home

Mom Now you'll go in wet.

The boy fell silent and began reluctantly to dress.

What is mom doing wrong? What would you do in her place?

Decision. interest goes out, the desire to share their experiences, does not complete the work begun; verbal stimulus. It is necessary to make clear the significance of his work for others; distance promotion: I know you can; be close to the child, not above, explain to him on an equal footing)

Situation 4.

Lena (4 years old) Grandmother, I can help wash the dishes, can I? Grandmother, seeing this: Oh-oh. What you! The dishes are very expensive now, and you can break them. You still have time to wash mountains of dishes in your life.

How do you assess the grandmother's statement, and what could be its consequences? What else can you offer your grandmother in such a case? Decision.Lena's grandmother is wrong. With this approach, Lena's desire to work may gradually disappear. The girl must be included in joint activities, directing her actions. In order to form a stable motive for work, it is necessary to teach Lena specific labor skills and evaluate the results of her work. The joint labor activity of parents and children has a great influence on the mental development of the latter. Children see how adults work, how they relate to work, what are their relationships in a joint labor activity. In a benevolent atmosphere created by adults, children begin to understand the importance of work, find effective ways to do it. You can pour water into a bowl and give the girl dishes made of unbreakable material! It is not enough for parents to show their diligence to their children, it is necessary to teach them labor operations.! Try to have your child do chores around the house with you.

Situation 5

Anya (Zg) began to call herself Daria. That mother, too, playing along with her daughter, also began to call her Daria. However, my mother never once asked why the girl suddenly wanted to change her name, and thereby not want to be herself.

Parents, having accepted the game of their daughter, strengthened her in the thought of becoming someone else and allowing her to behave as if she had other parents.

What could be the reasons for this situation?

Decision. Firstly, Anya really liked the active business Daria and her relationships with other girls. And she wanted to be the same as Daria. Children usually like "foreign" games, relationships that meet their emotional needs.

Another reason may be an unsatisfactory position in the parent-child relationship.

To correct parent-child relationships, eliminate the girl's desire for fantasy, providing an opportunity for self-acceptance, activating the desire to be herself.

In communication with the girl, repeat: If you like being Daria, then you can behave like Daria, but you are only playing, all this is pretend, because you are actually our daughter, and your name is Anya.

Situation 6.

Children's play is well complemented by a fairy tale. The fairy tale introduces the child into the world of human possibilities and plans that have not yet been realized. It expands the scope of knowledge of the “unusual”. The child appropriates the creative experience of mankind.

Under the influence of a fairy tale, a child's picture of the world is formed, a specific system of the child's views on the universal principles of the structure and development of things.

In what ways can an adult introduce a fairy tale into the context of a child's life?

Solving this situation, it is necessary to find alternative solutions and argue the creation of a fabulous image and empathy with fabulous images. This is possible: ♦ through assistance and empathy to the characters and events of a literary work (introduction to the fabulously emotional culture of the people); ♦ through the creation of a fairy-tale image, when it is transformed on the basis of various figurative incarnations (fairy tale, drawing, dance, independent writing, etc.);

♦ on the basis of game experience (but not vice versa), which contributes to the development of creative activity itself (it is better if the director's game, since in it the child takes the position of plot developer, director and performer of roles).

Situation 7.

AT middle group Seryozha (4 years old) recently entered the kindergarten. Before that, he did not go to kindergarten. After playing with the typewriter, he left it in the middle of the room.

What should the teacher do in this situation?

Decision. In this situation, the teacher must take into account that the boy is a beginner, he does not yet know the rules of the kindergarten. It is necessary to take into account his alarming state. She needs to calmly, intelligibly talk about the rules of conduct in kindergarten, then offer with a friendly intonation: “Let's take the car with you to where it should be, that is, to the garage.” The boy will gladly fulfill this requirement.

Situation 8 .

Observing the visual activity of older preschoolers, they noticed: if a child is given the task of drawing a drawing so that it looks like the object being depicted, then he usually improves his drawing by drawing and adding details. A preschooler does not look for similarities between an image and an object through establishing links between details. A child's drawing can be called a descriptive drawing.

Is it possible to interpret observational data as establishing links with the characteristics of the child's perception and thinking?

What should a teacher do to help children improve their drawings?

Decision. Can. This is due to the peculiarities of perception and thinking of preschoolers. Since elementary analysis prevails in them, children find it difficult to establish the relationship between the parts, the signs of the image being recreated.

The task of the educator is to instill in children the ability to examine the subject and establish the relationship of the individual parts of the recreated image.

Situation 9

One of the pupils is called by group mates not by name, but by nationality. The child constantly cries and does not want to go to kindergarten. The teacher tries to explain to the children that they are being cruel. Then preschoolers begin to tease the baby so that adults do not hear.? What can be the actions of the educator?

Decision: I think that here, first of all, it is necessary to say about the education of tolerance in children.

In this situation, it is necessary to use various methods: these are conversations (material: short stories, fairy tales with a pronounced ethnic content; through fairy-tale images, the child receives ideas about justice, evil, goodness, etc.); and visual methods: examining and discussing pictures, illustrations, filmstrips, which show the behavior of people in the world, and a personal example of an authoritative adult.

And, of course, one of the important links in educating the foundations of tolerance among preschoolers is the interaction of teachers and parents of children. The importance of the family in shaping the child's tolerant consciousness and behavior is very important.

In order for the work on the education of tolerance among preschoolers to be fruitful, it is necessary to use a wide range of activities and different types activities of preschoolers:

1) holding holidays, and other mass forms, in order to acquaint children with the culture and traditions of their people and the peoples of the world; b) theatrical activities of preschoolers according to scenarios based on fairy tales of the peoples of the world;

2) role-playing games of preschoolers, the main purpose of which is the development and practical application by children of the methods of tolerant interaction;

3) Russian folk outdoor games, such as "Burn, burn bright", "Boyars" and others;

4) holding Russian folk holidays, such as "Maslenitsa", "Christmas" in accordance with the folk calendar;

5) study of folk holidays of the nearest neighboring countries, Scandinavian folk holidays; holidays of the peoples of the East and Muslim countries;

6) acquaintance of children with the traditions of peoples different countries; "Sweet evening" holding this event by parents with children in the form of a costume ball of different peoples of the world, Russia; cooking a choice of traditional sweets of these peoples.

8) game-activity, created on the materials of various fairy tales, in order to solve the problems of interpersonal interaction in fairy-tale situations;

9) writing fairy tales and stories by the children themselves; fairy tale dramatizations.

10) Excursions: visiting the libraries of the city, the museum of ecology and local history.

In addition, a method of encouraging the child's positive behavior can be applied to a pupil who is subjected to insults from peers, in order to further consolidate these actions and increase his self-esteem.

But whatever method is used, it is important to influence not only the minds of children, but also their feelings, then they will learn to understand others.

I would tell the children of the group the parable "Rainbow"

One rainy day in an ordinary school, first-grade students were having the most ordinary lesson - a drawing lesson. But on this cloudy day, for some reason, the art teacher gave the children an unusual task. Instead of giving, as usual, the task to draw something, the teacher gave the children the task to think and determine which of all the colors is the most important. The children froze in surprise and thought. After a while, one girl got up first and said: the most important color is yellow - the color of the sun, because the sun warms the earth and shines brighter than anyone else. No, another girl said, the most important color is green, because it is the color of all living plants, the color of leaves and grass, which means it is the color of life and it is the most important. No, the boy said, the most important color is blue, because it is the color of the sky, and my dad is a pilot. The most important color is blue, another boy shouted, because it is the color of the sea where ships sail, and my dad is a sailor. Red, someone else called out. No - yellow. No - green. Blue! Red! Yellow! etc.

And the children began to loudly argue among themselves, trying to outshout each other. When, due to the noise of voices, no one could be heard anymore, the teacher loudly ordered everyone to be silent and pointed to the window ... the children unanimously turned to the window and froze in a daze. The rain ended and in the first rays of the sun, which looked out from behind the clouds, a wide and full-colored rainbow swept across the sky.

Rainbow! Rainbow! Rainbow - all the children shouted in unison. At this time, the bell rang and the lesson ended, but the children were in no hurry to leave the classroom. Together they clung to the window and, as if spellbound, admired the beauty of the rainbow and the discovery that they had made for themselves...

And then, without fail, holding hands, we would look at each other and say that we are also different (different names, surnames, nationalities), but each of us is important for everyone and unique. Be sure to smile at each other and come up with some kind of joint role-playing game.

Situation 10

The child has average abilities, but the family set out to make him a child prodigy. Every day he is scheduled by the minute: in the evening he is taken to the gymnasium, to courses in English etc., even during daytime sleep in kindergarten, the baby is taken to the sports section. At home, he is forced to listen to serious classical music. There is simply no time for a preschooler to play. To all the exhortations of teachers, parents respond that they wish only the best for the child.

? How can you help your child have a childhood?

1. We must try to find, with the help of a psychologist, arguments in favor of the correct development of the child. Everything should happen in due time, and it can be very dangerous to get ahead of it, especially at preschool age, when children learn about the world through play, free communication with peers. If the child does not play enough in preschool childhood, then very serious mental problems can come up. It is the psychologist who will be able to explain to parents all the internal processes that occur with their child, can test him and explain to parents the results of the tests (including in the baby’s drawings, in what and how he depicts). Thus, you can reveal all the pros and cons of such upbringing of a child, but the parents themselves will have to decide.

2. Parents are sincerely sure that they want only the best for their child. I think that they will not go to the psychologist themselves. He can try to go from the opposite - start praising the parents, how much time they devote to the baby, adding each time - it’s a pity that he doesn’t get enough sleep - he yawned all the time during the modeling class; - something his attention often began to dissipate; - we met here a former pupil, with whom we also studied a lot, he really doesn’t like it at school. It’s boring in the first grade, they transferred to the second, and there the guys are older and don’t play with him, but we hope everything will be different with you; - we notice that he does not know how to play with his peers. Do you play other games with him? In which? After all, the leading activity is a game. We are very interested HOW do you listen to classical music, what does the baby represent at this time? What is he drawing? Show a positive attitude towards your parents. Then it will be easier to "get through" to them. Is it really hard for a child to fulfill all the ambitious parental plans? Maybe he likes it? And you have enough strength for everything - to study, and to walk, and to play with friends?

Situation 11

caregiver preparatory group on the parent meeting talked about how to prepare children for school, developing them physically. The grandmother of one boy actively insisted that her grandson not be taken for a walk and to the pool, because. he often catches cold. She argued this fact by the fact that teachers do not monitor how children dress, but at this age they cannot do it on their own. When asked by the teacher about how Seryozha would dress at school, the grandmother explained that she, as in kindergarten, would help him with this, for which she specially quit her job.

How to organize work with Serezha's parents? What can be offered to grandmother to solve this?

Decision: It will be difficult for a boy to study at school, since poor physical fitness will not give him the opportunity to fully realize his mental abilities. The boy needs to be interested in feasible physical exercises and outdoor games, to show an example of the positive effect of physical exercises on health. The teacher should pay more attention to individual work with the boy.

Situation 12 .

“If a father comes to kindergarten for six-year-old Misha, then the boy quickly puts away his toys, dresses on his own and calmly goes home ... The picture is different when his mother comes to pick him up. She is waiting for her son for a long time, as he is in no hurry to leave the group, continues to play with the guys. Often requires his mother to dress him. It happens to be naughty: “Why did you come, and not dad?”

The teacher, noticing such a duality in the boy's behavior, decided to talk to him. She asked: “How was your holiday? Where and with whom were you? Misha said that he and his father went to visit their grandmother.

Did your mother also go with you to your grandmother?

No. Mom stayed at home, she had a lot of work! - he said.

In the evening, dad came for Misha. There was a conversation about the son, about yesterday's trip. As if, by the way, the teacher asked, and mom, they say, is happy with the trip?

Mom stayed at home, - answered the father, - she is not very quick with us, she finished her business, - said the father with slightly concealed irritation in the presence of his son.

Yes, she's a bitch! - picked up the boy.

What explains Misha's different behavior in the presence of his father and in the presence of his mother? What is the reason for Misha's disrespectful attitude towards his mother?

Situation 13

There is a rejected child in the kindergarten group with whom the children do not want to communicate and play. Children cannot explain their attitude towards this child. The boy is quiet and calm, does not enter into conflicts.We need to find a way to turn the children to the rejected boy.

Decision : pick up tasks for this child that other children depend on: teach a child to do things that other children cannot, for example, tie shoelaces. And send to him for help during the fees for a walk. Constantly emphasize the boy's desire to help other children, encourage children to thank for the service rendered. After removing the main tension, give the boy a task: to teach other children to tie shoelaces.

And how long has the boy been attending this group? Did he join an already formed team? After all, as a rule, children themselves do not accept newcomers, and if the child is quiet and withdrawn, even more so. He is invisible to others. It is necessary to actively involve such a child in all the events of the group, focus on him, not intrusively, so as not to embarrass the newcomer. So that the children feel that a worthy person has come to the group. Worthy of their attention. You need to find some zest, feature and show it to the children. You can read fairy tales to children about friendship, about relationships between people. There is a book of psychotherapeutic fairy tales by O. V. Khukhlaeva "The Labyrinth of the Soul". Fairy tales were written not only by Olga Vladimirovna herself, but also by her students. Even at parent meetings I read fairy tales from this book, they are very short, but so capacious in content! Or, for example, such a therapeutic fairy tale: LITTLE KITTEN Age: 5-12 years. Orientation: Difficulties in communicating with peers. Feelings of inferiority. Loneliness. Feeling like a "white crow". Key phrase: "I'm not like them." Once upon a time there was a little, little Kitten. He lived in a small and very cozy house, together with his mother-cat and father-cat and brothers and sisters - kittens. And he was the smallest and very red. Yes, quite red. When he walked down the street, it was immediately clear that it was HE who was walking, he was so red. And the most amazing thing was that everyone around him was gray: dark gray, light gray, gray with black and white stripes - and not one, well, not one redhead. Everything in his family - both mother-cat, and father-cat, and all kittens - were very beautiful shades of gray; and all his relatives were gray, and all the acquaintances. In a word, of everyone he knew, he was the only one with such a red head! And then one day a very sad story happened to him. When our little Kitten was walking in the yard, he saw two Siamese kittens who were playing ball, jumping and having fun. - Hello, - said the red kitten, - you play so well. May I play with you? - We don’t know, - said the kittens, - you see how beautiful we are: bluish-gray, and you are some strange, almost red, we have never seen such, and it’s better to play together! Then a big naughty kitten from a neighboring yard approached them; it was dark gray with thin black stripes. He grinned unkindly and said: "You are so small and orange ... It may very well be that you are not a small red kitten at all, but simply a big, red MOUSE!" The little Kitten became very, very sad, he lost his appetite, slept badly almost every night, tossing and turning in his bed, and kept thinking: "I'm so small, so red! Others don’t even want to play with me and, probably, no one will ever be friends with me! ”The kitten was very hurt and hurt. And he became so sad, he completely stopped walking in the yard, and more and more sat at home and looked out the window. He told his mother that he didn’t feel like walking at all, but in fact he was very afraid that he would walk there all alone and no one would want to play with him! So he sat all day at the window and was sad. But one day this happened: the very morning it was damp and cloudy, everything was gray and faded, and everyone was very, very sad in such weather. And suddenly the sun came out from behind the clouds. It painted everything around in bright colors, and everyone became very cheerful and bright. everyone loves the sun, how beautiful it is. But it is the same orange as me! - thought the little Kitten - I'll be just as good, and everyone will be warm and happy next to me! ". And the kitten decided to go out into the yard and take a little walk. There was a terrible turmoil on the street: everyone crowded around the largest tree in the yard, on which a small white kitten cried loudly. He was very afraid, but could not get down. Everyone was very worried that he would fall. But our red kitten bravely climbed a tree and took the baby. Everyone around was very happy and said: "Look, how brave and good kitten!". "Yes," others said, "he is very brave, just a real hero!". And everyone congratulated the Kitten, who was very happy about this. He straightened up to his full height and fluffed his tail. "Look how beautiful he is , kind and bright, like a little sun!" - someone said. And the little Kitten went home very, very happy and smiled brightly at everyone around. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION - Why was the Kitten sad and worried? Why didn’t they want to play with him ? - What did the Kitten understand when you look l in the sun? - Has anything similar ever happened to you? - What could you learn from a kitten, and what could you teach him yourself?

Situation 14

In the kindergarten group daily a large number of children (25-30 people). This does not allow during the lesson to pay enough attention to each child, which affects the quality of the educational process. The mode and specifics of the work of the kindergarten does not allow organizing subgroup work.How to be? Assumption No.1: The situation occurs in the younger group. Resource 1 : senior interlocutor for each child (another teacher, nanny, older children).Intermediate solution 1: older children are invited to the kids, who, after a short instruction, can individually check the correctness of the task in 2-4 kids. Controversy 2 : Older children can take part in the toddler activity to help make one-to-one communication, and older children cannot take part in the toddler activity because they also have their own activities.Specific Solution #1: dividing the time of classes in the daily routine - you can study with the kids in the afternoon, when the elders, as a rule, have no classes.Specific Solution #2: after a lesson with kids, each older child individually tells the teacher about how his ward completed the task. This at least forms the skill of coherent monologue speech. A more specific option is possible if the content of such an integrated lesson is specially developed. Assumption #2 : the situation occurs in the senior group.

Specific solution: the lesson is organized on the principle of mutual learning. For example, a role-playing game, when children in pairs alternately act as a student and teacher.

Situation 15 Every morning, when dad brings a boy (5 years old) to kindergarten, the child throws a tantrum "from scratch", hides in a personal locker for clothes and sits there, not wanting to go out. Dad treats this fact as a manifestation of character, and simply leaves, leaving the child in the closet and warning the teacher. The teacher, of course, does not like this, because you have to leave the rest of the children who are already having breakfast and follow this child to the locker room. You can’t leave him there, because the teacher is responsible for the life and health of the child. Mom treats her son more demandingly, and such manifestations do not happen with her. But the mother cannot bring the child to kindergarten, because her working day starts too early.? How to be? Analysis of the situation: in this situation, many tasks can be considered. We cannot change the traditions of family relations, so we will highlight the moment that most of all does not suit us. The child hides in a personal locker and does not want to come out. However, when dad leaves, he leaves the locker after the teacher's request, which must be repeated 2-3 times. In this case, the child does not explain his behavior in any way. But his facial expressions and all appearance shows that he enjoys the attention given to him. The child is sociable, he has smooth relations with children in the group, he has playmates. And in general, throughout the day, he does not create stress. Task : What is? - a 5-year-old child who hides in a personal locker in the morning. What does not suit? - the fact that the teacher has to be distracted by him from the rest of the children. What do you need? - so that the child stops hiding in the locker when undressing. Conflict : the child's inappropriate behavior conflicts with the demands of discipline.Lack of information for a particular situation: it is not known exactly what motives induce the child to act in this way. Assumption : this behavior of the boy is a whim, explained by the conniving reaction of the father. Contradiction : the child should hide in the locker because he wants to, and should not do this, so as not to create inconvenience to the teacher. RBI : in the locker room, a situation is created that the child cannot hide in the locker. You can’t hide in a locker if it simply doesn’t exist. Resource : an ideal locker (there is no locker, but its functions are performed). A locker is a place to store clothes. Fundamentally important for this purpose, its parts are the walls and hooks for clothes on them.Specific solution: you need to organize a place for undressing for the child, which will not be isolated (closed) by the door so that there is nowhere to hide. We move the cabinets apart (they are traditionally combined into blocks of 4-5 pieces), we attach hooks to their outer walls, we put a chair in the wall, the seat of which will serve as a shelf. Note : in working with this problem, students initially made a mistake by incorrectly identifying the element to which the claim is made. For pedagogical reasons, they were not pointed to this, so that, having received a decision, they themselves would understand their mistake.

Situation 16. There is a girl in the kindergarten group who constantly takes plasticine in her mouth during modeling classes. Remarks and prohibitions do not help. The child cannot explain this craving.? How to be? Conflict: bad habit child conflicts with the requirements of sanitation and hygiene.Lack of information for a specific situation:it is not known exactly what motives induce the child to act in this way. Contradiction: it is necessary to make sure that the girl stops taking plasticine in her mouth so as not to harm her health, and this cannot be done in the usual way, because this diverts the attention and time of an adult intended for other children. Decision: for a lesson, hot pepper powder is mixed into pieces of plasticine for a girl.

Situation 17. A 5-year-old boy is hyperactive. He cannot engage in calm activities, he spins around in the classroom, makes noise, does not absorb the material, and distracts other children.Analysis of the situation:Mentally, the child develops normally, loves noisy games, but cannot be at rest for a long time. In relation to children, he is positively disposed, has friends in a group, is not aggressive. Hyperactivity has physiological roots. If an adult insists on a quiet activity, the child loses balance in behavior, cries, refuses to communicate. Task: What is? - hyperactive child What does not suit? - his excessive mobility prevents him from completing the educational tasks offered by the teacher. What do you need? - so that the child has the opportunity to complete tasks for mastering the skills. Conflict: the physiological characteristics of the child conflict with the way the organization learning activities. The problem is solved by one of the typical methods of resolving contradictions "Turn harm into good": the excessive mobility of the child should become prerequisite completing the task.Specific solution:the material with which the child works is placed in different places in the room. After completing one task, the child must find out (guess, read according to the scheme, etc.) where the next task is "hidden" and move to the desired part of the room.

Situation 18. The researcher suggested that children in kindergarten draw a thematic drawing “My family”. Petya (6 years old) drew the following picture: in the center of the sheet there is a large TV, next to it is an armchair in which a large dad sits with big hands and a cigarette, closer to the edge of the sheet the boy drew a small figure - this is Vasya's younger brother. In the upper corner is a small, brightly colored figure of mother with a large frying pan in her hands. The researcher asked Petya: “Why didn’t you draw yourself?” “But I didn’t fit,” the boy replied.

Is it possible to judge the mental state of a child by children's drawings?

Is it possible to draw a conclusion about the microclimate in the boy's family based on Petya's drawing?

Decision. According to children's drawings, one can judge the microclimate of the family and the mental state of the child. Petya is lonely and uncomfortable in the family. The image of the pope in the center of the sheet indicates that he occupies a leading position in the family and has great strength. Petya is afraid of dad.

When analyzing children's drawings, the color scheme also matters: with bright colors, the child draws everything that he likes.

Situation 19.

Lena (3 years 5 months) under the guidance of her mother learns to dress and undress the doll, rock her to sleep and put her to bed. The girl accurately performs these actions, but only at the direction of her mother and in her presence.

Nina's mother (3 years 6 months), showing the girl how to act with the doll, draws her daughter's attention to what a caring, kind, attentive mother she loves her daughter. She says all mothers do this. Inviting Nina to play alone, she asks her daughter to put the doll to bed, as a caring mother does.

Having considered these situations, determine which of the children is more likely to form a game as an activity.

Decision. For Nina, the formation of the game as an activity will be faster, since she was not only creating game actions, as such, but the need was caused to perform the functions of a mother in an accessible form for her.

This did not happen with Lena, since the requirements of her mother were carried out strictly under her guidance. The actions did not form the image of the mother and did not cause the girl to need to play “mother”.

Situation 20.

Misha's parents (5 years old) strive to develop their son intellectually. And he's loaded up so much that he doesn't have time to play.

? Make a forecast of Misha's development when parents neglect the child's play activities.

Decision. Play at preschool age is the main activity. And this is not accidental, because in the game with peers the physical development of the child takes place, coordination of movements, speed of movement, dexterity, mobility, coordination of the child’s actions with peers improves, his orientation towards their achievements, etc. , perception, thinking, memory. In particular, the sign function of consciousness is developing. In games, the child takes a certain position, which can be changed. This is important for educational purposes. The development of all these functions of the human body is absolutely necessary for the future life of the child, for the formation of his personality.

Giving all their strength (their own and the child's) to intellectual development, Misha's parents should not forget about his overall full-fledged development as a person.

Situation 21.

Kolya is a mobile boy. His hands are always busy with something. He grabs everything he sees. The boy constantly draws something with a pencil, he is constantly visited by many ideas that he seeks to immediately express. Kolya is a fidget: he wants to participate in everything, to try everything, but very quickly abandons the work he has begun and grabs onto a new one. Mom doesn't like it. She keeps him calm all the time.
? Explain why it is impossible to make a restless child calm?
Decision . This can be explained by the predominance of the process of excitation over inhibition in the boy. But this may also be due to the fact that Misha has not yet been taught to concentrate on one thing rather long time. Mom needs to act together with the child, while explaining the properties of individual objects. It will not be possible to turn a fidget into a quiet one, but it is possible and necessary to help the child master his behavior, his body, his energy. It is necessary to teach the child to give out his energy where it is needed, and to restrain himself in situations that require it.
Do not restrain increased activity, but direct it in the right, reasonable direction.

Situation 22 .

From a conversation between two young mothers: “My Alena (2 years 10 months) grew up as a calm and obedient girl. I enjoyed visiting my grandmother. And now they have changed it: stubborn, speaks in a capricious voice, refuses to do what she loved before. Hearing that we were going to my grandmother, she went on strike - they gave in to her. But she did not calm down, because she really wanted to visit her grandmother.

Another time they tried to insist on their own. But she also burst into tears, repeating: “I don’t want to, I won’t go.”

What happened to the girl. Explain the reason.

Predict the possible behavior of the child and parents.

Decision. In the 3rd year, children usually manifest a crisis, which is expressed in stubbornness, a negative attitude towards the requests of adults. Moreover, the negativism of a 3-year-old child is more complicated than the previous crisis of the 1st year. At 3 years old, the child wants recognition of independence, independence. But he is not yet ready for this form of behavior, which is a contradiction on the basis of which the crisis develops.

If an adult insists on his own, tries to "break" the child's stubbornness, then a psychological defense arises: a) the child gets used to the negative assessment of the adult, b) stops "hearing" remarks. Neurotic symptoms may occur. With the “victory” of an adult over the independence of a child, the latter can grow up weak-willed, with little initiative, or stubborn and cruel. Parents in this situation should have switched their daughter's attention to choosing her outfit for a trip to her grandmother.

Situation 23. The two mothers were talking. One proudly announced that she and her husband gave her daughter a computer. And the second remarked: “Well, in vain! She will now sit in front of the monitor for hours, spoil her eyesight and posture, grow up uncommunicative, unadapted to life ... "? Express and justify your position: what is more - harm or benefit for the child from the computer. Decision.A computer is not only games, but, above all, unlimited access to any information, the ability to communicate with peers via e-mail. Computer lovers say that a child with the help of a computer can make such an intellectual breakthrough that he will overtake all his peers. Experts believe that parents can give their child a better education through the Internet. But the negative impact of the computer on the child is also possible: the selection of the content of information, in particular games, non-compliance with the hygiene of using the computer.

Situation 24.

Dima (1 year 10 months), having mastered only autonomous speech, could not clearly explain his desire: for his mother to give him a toy. Mom insisted that Dima try to verbally reproduce what he wants, and not replace speech with gestures. In another case, the mother tried to include Dima in the game with the children during walks in the park.

Did the mother do the right thing when she created such conditions for the child?

How to manage the self-movement of a child? Give examples of such guidance by adults.

Decision. Mom deliberately created problem speech situations for Dima, so that the boy, trying to overcome them, tried to speak more clearly, more precisely, more correctly, that is, so that he would develop his speech in this way. In these situations, the existing contradiction: Dima's possession of only autonomous speech, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the incomprehension of this speech by other children during the game, became necessary condition for the development of the boy's speech.

An adult should be able to guide the child's self-movement:

a) create conditions for the emergence of contradictions;

b) help in resolving conflicts, taking into account the characteristics of the child;

c) take into account the features and nature of the emerging contradictions.

Situation 25.

Petya goes to a preparatory group for school. The teacher sometimes praises him, but Petya's mother is constantly unhappy with him. The boy always does things slowly, uncertainly. Mom thinks he's lazy. She began to teach him to read and write (he writes in a notebook), forcing him to redo it if it doesn't work out well. Petya keeps saying: “I don’t know how, I can’t do it.” "I'll play better." Mom is perplexed: “But how much can you play? Or maybe he should be praised more? But for what?

Name the reasons why Petya does not want to learn.

What mistakes do adults often make?

Decision. A child of 6 years old should be confident in his abilities. It does not even matter in what business he will succeed. At this age, children generalize successes and failures. Adults need to be calm about the failures of children, otherwise their anxiety is transmitted to children. The unwillingness of the child to read, write can be explained by the fact that he has not yet “finished the game”. And if, at the insistence of adults, he stops playing, but retains the need for this, then he will definitely play secretly. Trust, benevolence, timely encouragement - this should be the attitude of adults towards children preparing to enter school.

Situation 26.

Vova (5 years old) was bought a building kit. He began to lay out its details with great pleasure.

- What do you want to build? Mom asks.

“What… what will happen,” Vova replies.

How are you going to build?

- I will build with cubes and bricks. Starts building. Put the cubes, bricks on them.

- No, I'd rather build a rocket ...

Stacks cubes one on top of the other. The column is swinging. The boy tries to hold it with his hand, but in vain: the whole structure collapsed. He walks away from the construction site, leaving behind a pile of construction details.

Then mom suggests: - Try again. Again failure.

? What was the mother supposed to do when she bought her son a building kit?

Decision. In this form, the design does little. In order for the designer to be interesting to children, it must first be played with, like any toy (game), with targeted guidance from an adult. First you need to tell and show the child what can be assembled, built from this constructor. The experience of joint "research" will allow you to complete more complex tasks: for example, build a garage for a car. To do this, it is necessary to teach the child to compare objects in size, shape, paying attention to their spatial features: large - small, long - short, wide - narrow, etc. Then you need to show how the size and shape of the object depend on its purpose. And then, with the help of an adult, the child will learn the spatial analysis of the sample (photographs, drawings can be given as samples), gradually learn to establish different relationships between the design and purpose of objects, create their own original designs, developing their creative abilities.

The child must be taught how to use any thing bought for him.

Situation 27.

Vanya (5 years old) came to the kindergarten in a new suit with an asterisk on it, the buttons on it were also with asterisks and the children really liked it. Soon the teacher noticed that Vanya did not have a single button left on his jacket.

- Where are you doing the buttons? the teacher asked.

“I gave them to the guys,” Vanya answered.

- Is it possible, my mother will scold!

“No, mother will be pleased,” the boy answered. She always says, "It's not good to be greedy."

? Give a psychological justification for Vanya's behavior.

? Why, knowing the rules of behavior, children often break them?

Decision. Vanya did this because an adult is a model of behavior for him. But his inability to apply general rules behavior to a particular situation led to the above case.

Situation 28. In the behavior of Mitya (5 years old), a very active, energetic, intellectually well developed boy, the teacher noticed two psychological facts:

♦ the desire to command peers;

♦ inability to listen to their not very coherent speech.

? Make a prediction: how Mitya's relationships with peers can develop in the future.

Decision. Either Mitya's authoritarian behavior and peer pressure will continue and even intensify, or he will become rejected, because. children will complain about him to the teacher or unite around someone else. If a new preschooler appears in the group, who takes a leading position, then Mitya may find himself in an isolated position. Other options are also possible.

Situation 29.

Senya (4 years 6 months), pushing away the unfinished model of the tractor and the designer, whimpered:

- I do not want any more! I do not want any more!

- What happened? Are you sick? the mother got worried.

"No," the little one answered languidly.

- Tired?

- Not.

– What then? Does not work? Drop your constructor, do something else.

- No, let him finish it. He will rest and finish it, - intervened the father.

- I do not want! the boy said wearily. - I do not want anything.

“Well, well, don’t be capricious,” my father stood his ground. - What you start must be completed. Understand: not everything is easy, somewhere you need to sweat.

- Why are you attached to him! You don’t see - he doesn’t want to, - my mother got angry.

- You never know, he doesn't want to. Necessary!

- He has his whole life ahead of him, he will still have time to make not only toy, but also real tractors.

- Don't tell me! If he gives in to every difficulty, then he is unlikely to do anything.

? Analyze the judgments of dad and mom.

Decision. Dad chose a more successful strategy, as he tries to instill in his son perseverance in achieving the goal, the desire to achieve results, to overcome difficulties. These are important volitional qualities.

Teach your child to overcome the difficulties that arise.

Solving pedagogical situations. Envelopes with tasks are distributed to each micro group. It is necessary to play the pedagogical situation and find the right solution.

Pedagogical situations:

1. The teacher of the preparatory group at the parent meeting talked about how to prepare children for school, developing them physically. The grandmother of one boy actively insisted that her grandson not be taken for a walk and to the pool, because. he often catches cold. She argued this fact by the fact that teachers do not monitor how children dress, but at this age they cannot do it on their own. When asked by the teacher about how Seryozha would dress at school, the grandmother explained that she, as in kindergarten, would help him with this, for which she specially quit her job. How to organize work with Serezha's parents?

2. The educator (specialist) acquaints the parent with the collegial conclusion and recommendations of the PMP council of the kindergarten on sending the child to specialized school 8 types for children with mental retardation. Mom does not agree with the recommendations of the teachers and protests. Your actions. What work has not been done previously with this family? What work needs to be done in this situation?

3. Evening. Your shift is already ending, and for Vanya, mom did not come. Suddenly, Vanya's 15-year-old brother appears at the door and holds out a note from his mother with permission to pick up the child from kindergarten. Your actions? Mom called on the phone and personally asked to give the child to her 15-year-old son, since she herself had gone into the night and could not come. Your conversation on the phone.

4. Petya came home and complained to his parents that the kindergarten teachers beat him. Petya's parents came to the kindergarten in the morning with the intention of dealing with the teachers and possibly even filing a complaint with the prosecutor's office for assault. Your actions.

5. During a daytime walk, Nastya played in the sandbox and when the teacher called the children to collect toys, she did not hear. Having built the children, the teacher took them to the kindergarten. Nastya saw that the children were leaving, and ran after the formation and fell. There was a loud cry (the child has a serious injury). Name the teacher's mistakes. Actions of the teacher next.

6. Sasha shuddered from loud sounds and conversations every time, and if one of the adults tried to hug the child, then he covered himself with his hand, bent over and trembled. Educators often see bruises and marks of beatings on the boy's body. It is clear, because the boy is from a dysfunctional family. Your actions.

Typical situations from the practice of communication

teachers with parents of pupils

Situation 1

The teacher turned to the mother of one of the pupils with a story about what the children learned in the classroom, and offered to consolidate the studied material at home. In response, the mother sharply replied that she had no time to deal with the child at home, that this was the duty of the educator - he "receives money for this."

SEMINAR-PRACTICUM "Improving the knowledge of teachers about professional ethics - "Tsvetik - seven-tsvetik"

This material will be useful for senior kindergarten teachers to conduct a practical event with preschool teachers to improve knowledge of professional ethics.
Target: creating conditions for improving the knowledge of teachers about professional ethics.
Tasks:
1. to consolidate the ideas of teachers about the concepts of "ethics", "norm", "morality";
2. improve knowledge of the legal documents that determine the activities of a teacher in the field of pedagogical ethics: GEF DO, Code of professional ethics of a teacher, professional standard"Educator";
3. contribute to the definition of uniform norms of behavior of teaching staff;
4. promote team building.
Preliminary work:
1. registration by teachers of the folder “Regulatory support for the teacher”, work with regulatory documents;
2. Creation of a video "Through the mouth of a baby";
3. making a flower "Flower - seven-flower", petals of three colors (to divide teachers into three teams), which at the beginning of the seminar are attached to chairs for teachers, medals in the nominations: "The most cultured teacher", "The most polite teacher", "The most sociable teacher";
4. presentation design for the seminar.
Material:
1. projector with multimedia equipment;
2. 4 tables, chairs according to the number of participants;
3. one flower "Flower - seven-flower", on the petals of which the numbers of tasks are indicated;
4. three flowers to separate teams, the number of petals according to the number of teachers.

Seminar progress:

The senior educator invites teachers to stand in a circle of "friendship".
There is little to see here
Here you need to look
So that with clear love
The heart was filled.
Little to hear here
Here you need to listen
To consonance in the soul
They flooded in together! (ringing the bell)
The long-awaited call is given -
We start the seminar.
There are ideas and questions
Games, jokes, everything for you.
I wish you all good luck -
Get to work! Good time!
Psychological mood:
Senior teacher: I would like to start our meeting with the parable “Everything is in your hands”.
“There was a wise man who knew everything. One person wanted to prove that the sage does not know everything. Clutching the butterfly in his palms, he asked: is it dead or alive? And he himself thinks: “The living woman says - I will kill her, the dead one says - I will release her: The sage, thinking, answered: “Everything is in your hands.”
- It is in our hands to create such an atmosphere in the kindergarten in which children will feel “at home”, and teachers, having pedagogical ethics, are good-natured and responsive, to which children will happily run in the morning, and parents are happy to talk about education.
- I hope our meeting will be held in an atmosphere of mutual understanding and will be useful for each of us. I propose to sit down and determine the topic of our meeting by watching a video from the life of our kindergarten “Through the mouth of a baby”.
- So, the topic of our seminar (voices the topic of the meeting).
- The rapid development of the system of preschool education and modern society, the special significance of the preschool period of life in the formation and development of the individual impose increased requirements on the level of professional preparedness of the educator, necessitate the constant improvement of his pedagogical skills. The requirements for a teacher are very high. He must be a wise, all-knowing mentor and artist at the same time, possess all the knowledge that develops and educates kids and be able to professionally use them in classes with children in kindergarten. The educator must have such qualities as patience, benevolence, justice, tolerance, erudition, erudition, a developed sense of empathy, because the educator has to work not only with children, but also with parents.
Entry into the topic (method "Associations").
- What associations do you have when you hear the word "ethics"?
- Ethics is the science of morality, the principles by which people should be guided in their actions.
- Pedagogical ethics is the science of pedagogical morality. Undoubtedly, it is based on ethics as such. Honesty, benevolence, humanity (everything for the sake of a person, for a person, in the name of a person), a deep interest in the success of their pupils, respect for their personality, a sense of responsibility for the results of work, observance of discipline - this is not a complete list of the qualities of a teacher. After all, a teacher for a preschooler is the first person after his parents, teaching him the rules of life in society, expanding his horizons, shaping his interaction in human society.
Pedagogical ethics considers the essence of the main categories of pedagogical morality and moral values. Moral values can be called a system of ideas about good and evil, justice and honor, which act as a kind of assessment of the nature of life phenomena, moral virtues and actions of people.
The etymology of the word "morality" goes back to Lat. mores - "mores", "customs", "behavior", and the words "ethics" - to gr. - "custom". It is curious that in Greek, Latin, as well as ancient Greek and Sanskrit, there was a parallel evolution of these terms, which at first meant: "order", "custom", "law" and only later - "morality". Many centuries had to pass before ethics became part of world culture. The concepts of morality have long been: honesty, benevolence, conscience, shame, courage, diligence, modesty, humanity, that is, kindness is the basis of moral concepts.
- Let's come up with words for each letter of the word "ETICS", which will help to reveal its essence:
E - elegance
T - creativity
And sincerity
K - creativity
A - relevance
- Today we will try to strengthen our knowledge in this matter, and to make the meeting exciting, we will hold a game - a competition. For this we need three teams and a jury.
- Today there was a strong wind that tore off all the petals of our flowers (there are flower blanks on the tables), and the petals and leaves scattered on the chairs. But this will help us! Look, on each of your chairs there is a petal or a leaf. Take them and collect flowers from petals of the same color, this will be your team. Well, whoever got the leaves - he will attach them to the “Flower - Seven-flower”, your place is at the jury table (teachers are divided into three teams, jury members are determined).
- Now you need to introduce yourself to the teams. To do this, consult for 2-3 minutes and come up with a team name and a motto in the topic of our meeting (command view).
- Today we will not only play, compete, but also make wishes. Look, and here is the "Flower - Seven-Flower" (the presenter draws the attention of teachers to the flower standing on the table of the jury). Tearing off a petal, the team needs to complete the task and it will be possible for everyone to make a wish together related to the theme of our game. Let the magic words help us with this, let's remember them (teachers watch an excerpt from the cartoon "Flower - Seven-Color").
- Members of the jury took their places, these are: ... (The senior teacher introduces the jury members to the teams, distributes forms for evaluating answers).
Teams take turns performing tasks, the jury evaluates for the correctness of the answer, the speed of execution, the completeness of information in five - point system. After completing the task, the teams together make a wish, summarizing the answer.
- The game “Agree without words” will help us determine the sequence of the task, each team, while remaining silent, needs to line up in front of the jury members in a column by date of birth (teams perform the task, the jury determines the order in which the tasks are completed).
Task number 1“Come up with a saying on the topic of ethics, morality, morality”
Each team receives a list of thoughts of different authors on the topics of morality: politeness, morality, kindness (Appendix 1). Taking one of the statements as a basis, you need to come up with your own saying.
Wish: Always be polite, tactful, restrained.
Task number 2"Answer the question"
Each team in turn takes a question to be answered:
Question #1: What regulations Do you know which ethical requirements for pedagogical activity are traced?
Question number 2: According to the order of the Federal State Educational Standard, what principles should teachers rely on in their activities?
Question No. 3: In which section of the Federal State Educational Standard of DO we talk about psychological and pedagogical conditions, how do they manifest themselves?
Wish: Know and apply regulations.
Task number 3"The luxury of communication" (2-3 minutes).
Each team needs to determine two requirements for the speech of the teacher. Justify.
There is such a statement by A.S. Exupery: "The only true luxury is the luxury of communication."
Communication between people does not exist for the sake of communication as such. In communication, we get to know each other better, and ourselves, through communication we get some information about others, about the world around us, we learn social, spiritual, moral norms.
Wish: Know and follow the rules of the culture of speech.
Task number 4"Favorable psychological climate in the group" (2-3 minutes)
The code of professional ethics of a teacher defines a set of moral requirements arising from the principles and norms of pedagogical morality, and regulates his behavior and the system of relations in the process of pedagogical activity. The main requirement of pedagogical ethics is a favorable pedagogical climate.
Each team needs to determine two conditions for creating a favorable pedagogical climate in the group.
Wish: Contribute to the creation of a favorable psychological climate in the group.
The senior educator distributes to all participants a memo "Technology, methods for creating psychological comfort in the lesson (D. Carnegie)".
Task number 5"Who am I?" (2-3 minutes)
Each team needs to determine who the teacher is for the child, continuing the phrase "I am ...".
Children learn to be friendly, affable, polite, attentive, sensitive by the example of their mentor. They see sympathy on the face of the educator if someone is hurt; genuine joy when they succeed; upset when they fail. They watch you when you patiently explain something to the nanny, greet their parents warmly... Children, being in the kindergarten all day, see us as a model of behavior.
A teacher who does not forget that he is entrusted with the most precious thing - children, will certainly ask himself who he is for his pupils ...
Each team needs to determine who the teacher is for the child, continuing the phrase “I am ...” and give a justification. For example: I am the creator of children's joy: it is interesting, fun with me.
Wish: To be a friend, teacher, protector for pupils.
Task number 6"Friendly Team"
The host for the captains distributes tasks, for which each captain needs to organize all the members of his team, distributing separate instructions “Organize a subbotnik in kindergarten” (“Organize the preparation of the holiday for the March 8 team”, “Organize participation in the competition“ Educator of the Year ”) . But at the same time, the leader designates his role for each participant:
The first member of the team repeats one phrase all the time: “I am in a hurry, I have no time. Let's hurry";
Second: “I will do it, I can, I can, I want”;
Third: talking on the phone and not listening to the head;
Fourth: “How long will it last. They don't have anything else to do."
Fifth: “Why me again, and so always me”
Sixth: “Look, I have a wonderful new blouse”
Seventh: “Wonderful idea! Perfectly!"
The players say their phrases almost simultaneously, interrupting the captain. The task of the captain is to complete the task.
Wish: To be able to negotiate without losing control of oneself, maintaining a pedagogical tact.
Task number 7"Necessary - not necessary" (2-3 minutes)
Each team needs to determine 4 requirements of the code of pedagogical ethics in relation to children. What can be done and what cannot.
Wish: Do as you SHOULD do, and do not DO NOT.
- So all the petals are torn off, wishes are made. May they fly around the world and remain in our hearts. And now the word for summing up the game - our jury (rewarding teams with medals).
Exercise "Applause"
-We've done a good job. I wish you to have a firm position on any issue, to defend it competently, to explain and teach children in an accessible way, to be an Educator with a capital letter! I propose to imagine a smile on one palm, joy on the other. And so that they do not leave us, they must be firmly, firmly united in applause. See you soon!
Appendix 1. Thoughts of various authors on moral themes
POLITENESS
Politeness is a symbolically conditional expression of respect for every person.N. A. Berdyaev
Friendliness is a golden key that opens the iron locks of human hearts. Eastern wisdom
Politeness is for the mind, what beauty is for the face. Voltaire
Delicacy consists in not doing or saying what the surrounding conditions do not allow.Hegel
Courtesy is a strict measure of how one should act. Dante
Politeness is a moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person for whom respect for people is a daily norm of behavior. I. N. Kurochkina. Modern etiquette
ON MORALITY
What is morality? What should morality be? In a firm, deep conviction, in a fiery, unshakable faith in the dignity of man, in his high purpose. This conviction, this faith is the source of all human virtues, all actions. G. Belinsky
Tolerance is not indifference to good and evil; tolerance is the virtue of love of freedom and philanthropy, a careful attitude to human souls, to their life path, which is always difficult and painful.
N. A. Berdyaev
Respect is a sincere recognition of someone's merits. L. Vauvenargues
Morality is the mind of the will. When a person performs this or that moral deed, then he is not yet virtuous; he is virtuous only if this mode of behavior is a constant feature of his character. Hegel
Morality grows stronger when the flesh grows decrepit. J.-B. Molière
Don't expect more from people than you give them yourself. K. P. Orlovsky
GOOD AND EVIL
I know of no other mark of greatness than kindness. L. Beethoven
An evil person believes that all people are like him. Georgian wisdom
follow kind people and become good yourself. Spanish wisdom
No good intention is worth a broken heart. From the motion picture
There is a boundary between what you want and what you can... Check your actions with your consciousness, whether you are causing harm, trouble, inconvenience to people with your actions. Make the people around you feel good. V. A. Sukhomlinsky
Good is that which serves to preserve and develop life. A. Schweitzer
Methodical literature:
Boyko L., Kolesnikov Yu., Yurkov A. Metamorphoses of the educational process in the era of the reform crisis // Aima mater. 1997.
Kurochkina I.N. Modern etiquette. Kaluga, 1993.
Ethics: Uch. settlement / Comp. S.G. Kolbovskaya; Ed. T.A. Stepanova. Yaroslavl: Institute of Educational Development, 2001.

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

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PROFESSIONAL ETHICS OF THE TEACHER Evsevyeva E.P.

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Education Act. Article 48 Teaching staff are required to: Carry out their activities at a high professional level in accordance with the approved work program; Comply with legal, moral and ethical standards, follow the requirements of professional ethics; Respect the honor and dignity of students and other participants in educational relations; Systematically improve your professional level; Take into account the peculiarities of the psychophysical development of students, apply pedagogically sound forms and methods of education and upbringing that ensure high quality of education.

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Ethics - (lat.ethica - science, art of morality) This term was introduced by Aristotle, who placed it between the doctrine of the soul (psychology) and the doctrine of the state (politics). He considered the doctrine of virtues as the moral qualities of a person to be the central part of ethics. Its requirements are reflected in many spheres of human activity, including pedagogical.

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Plato (427-347 BC) identified the 4 virtues of wisdom; courage (daring); prudence (self-control); justice.

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Professional ethics of a teacher Ethics is a philosophical doctrine of morality, its development, principles, norms and role in society; a set of norms of behavior (usually in relation to some social group). (SI Ozhegov) Ethics is a theoretical discipline that studies morality (morality). These two terms - morality and morality - are synonymous. Morality is one of the most important, subtle and controversial components of the regulation of relations between people. It is a fundamental element of culture, although it is rarely "pure". Professional pedagogical ethics defines the moral consciousness of a teacher as a set of ethical knowledge, moral views, beliefs, feelings and needs, reflecting moral attitude in the field of professional pedagogical activity

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Teacher's Professional Ethics The society's need to pass on its experience and knowledge to the younger generations brought the system of school education to life and gave rise to a special type of socially necessary activity - professional pedagogical activity. To date, the topic of teacher ethics is relevant, the question of “correct” ethical behavior, how a teacher builds his relationships with his students, with work colleagues, other subjects of the educational process, how to behave in difficult conditions of dynamically changing reality is acute. These questions can be solved only by the teacher who knows how to personify a model of a highly moral personality. It is culture and high morality that make a teacher a person.

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Basic concepts of pedagogical ethics Pedagogical morality is the relationship between the educator and the educatee. The most important condition for positive interaction between a teacher and students is a combination of reasonable exactingness and trust in them. pedagogical justice. It is a kind of measure of the objectivity of the teacher, the level of his moral upbringing (kindness, integrity, humanity). pedagogical duty. This is building relationships with students, their parents, colleagues. Deep awareness of one's attitude to the chosen profession, the student and teaching staff and society as a whole. Pedagogical honor is a public assessment of the real professional merits of a teacher. Pedagogical authority is the moral status of a teacher in a team of students and colleagues. Pedagogical consciousness is the teacher's awareness of his behavior, the nature of relationships in society and the value of the qualities of the human personality, which is fixed in views, feelings, habits.

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Professional Ethics of a Pedagogue Pedagogical ethics regulates the behavior of an educator and teacher in order to strengthen their authority and ensure the unity of efforts of the teaching staff, the public and the family. Pedagogical ethics affirms humanistic principles in relations with children, condemns soullessness, and is based on respect for the personality of the pupil and exactingness towards him.

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Child and educator: communication rules "The greatness of a great man is found in how he treats small people" T. Carlyle

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Pedagogical ethics of the educator The educator in the group is the bearer of a certain model of behavior. Experience shows that, in general, the behavior of a group of children is largely a mirror of the behavior of the educator. All modern researchers note that it is love for children that should be considered the most important personal and professional trait of the educator, without which effective pedagogical activity is impossible.

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Pedagogical ethics of the educator One of the most important problems of preschool education is communication in which the child and the educator participate. Psychologists confirm that the desire to communicate with adults is inherent in all kids. And in the course of the kindergarten day, they will certainly share their thoughts, views, feelings with the teachers, prove their independence, look for confirmation of the correctness of their moral position ... While the preschooler is in preschool, it is important for him to still feel that he is loved, and the educator is responsible for this. His main duty- be able to build relationships with children, no matter what methods are chosen: persuasion, example by deed, confidential conversation ... At the same time, the educator has been learning to build communication with pupils almost all his life.

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The pedagogical ethics of the educator Of course, even the best teacher is a living person, and he can make mistakes, slips, unfortunate breakdowns, but he finds a truly human way out of any situation, acts disinterestedly, fairly and benevolently, never showing utilitarian calculation, arrogance and revenge. A real educator, no matter how worn out it sounds, teaches goodness, and does it both verbally and by personal example.

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Positions of the educator in relation to children: "Karabas-Barabas" Such a teacher needs only a clear and correct fulfillment of his requirements by the children. Such communication is similar to training. The basis of the relationship is fear and submission to an adult. The activity of children, freed for some time from the pressure of such an educator, is directed to a splash of accumulated energy, they do not pay attention to the influence of an adult until they get tired. Children quickly become accustomed to stimuli (shouts and remarks) and stop responding to calm voices and advice. If necessary, children can show a sufficiently high level of mastery of any knowledge and skills. But it is worth changing the conditions for completing assignments (replacing questions or material for assignments), as the impression will immediately change. The saddest consequence of such upbringing is the development of a double position in children, manipulative abilities. Indeed, already at preschool age, a child is able to understand that a lie helps to avoid trouble, and flattery to achieve approval.

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"Malvina" Such an educator clearly knows what is right, what is not, what is necessary, and what is useless. This is a smart teacher, but acting only according to a stereotype clearly set for himself. In developing automatic skills, such an educator achieves success, but in regulating everyday communication with the conflicts that arise in the process, the approach of "Malvina" turns out to be ineffective. Everything that is incomprehensible in the behavior of children by such an educator is assessed as wrong. In the group, such a teacher has a rather low level of children's activity, independence, curiosity and emotionality.

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"Sleeping Beauty" She is indifferent to children, they are left to their own devices. Communication between children and the teacher is purely formal, and relations between children and their activities are not regulated in any way. Children cannot occupy themselves, gradually they become either disinhibited or indifferent. "Snow Queen" She is beautiful, but lacks a sense of love and affection for children. She achieves submission by manipulating feelings, replacing a busy natural life with an outwardly attractive, but, in fact, useless pastime. With such an upbringing position, insensitivity, lack of initiative, and coldness towards each other are often formed in children.

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"Hatchling" The ideal variant of the educator for nursery group. She is caring, attentive, never leaves children without vigilant control for a minute. But such guardianship and careful support of all children's life activity in other age groups leads to the development of laziness in children, low self-esteem, and inertia. "Mary Popins" She is versatile, tactful, natural and emotional. And most importantly - she loves children, knows how to make their life joyful and eventful. The dream of any child and any parent is Mary Popins. But how often do we meet such teachers in real life, and how much in ourselves from this amazing teacher.

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"Whales" of communication efficiency: Hospitality to all children equally. The educator is able to cheer up each pupil, help in overcoming difficulties. The very arrival of a child in the kindergarten is accompanied by a caring: “How are you? .. We will be today ...” The stubbornness and disobedience of a generally conflict-free child may indicate hostility in communication in a group. Respect The impact not only on the intellectual, but also on the emotional sphere of the pupils - both the behavior of the baby and his attitude towards others changes for the better if he is helped not only to comprehend, but also emotionally experience his own actions and deeds. The educator uses the emotional principle when he forms a benevolent atmosphere in the group, uses vivid examples from life, uses situations in the group to encourage children to empathy and sympathy. The same purpose is served by the organization of folk holidays, holding birthdays in the garden. Attention to the individual characteristics of children - girls are more sociable than boys. Children may have different ability to communicate due to different psychological atmosphere in families. Consistency of the principles of educators and parents. Work on strengthening their own authority - the educator must remain an indisputable authority, like a parent. And this authority is based on the sincere faith of the child in the justice of the actions of the educator, on the desire to imitate his actions. Hence - the exactingness of an adult to his every step, which young pupils can see and evaluate.

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The main features of the attitude of preschoolers to the personality of the educator from the assessment of external qualities, preschoolers pass to the assessment of the activities of the educator, and then to the assessment of his moral qualities; the attitude of children to the educator is interconnected with the attitude of the teacher towards them, although mostly preschoolers are characterized by a positive assessment of the personality of the teacher; with age, children's awareness of their relationship to the teacher grows; the role stereotype of the educator in the eyes of children is characterized by the "halo of the role", "the halo of infallibility", "the halo of overcontrol". Interesting…

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Ethical commandments to the teacher Think about your relationship with children, build them. When organizing pedagogical communication, proceed not only from pedagogical goals and objectives, do not exclude the interests of the child. Don't limit yourself to just own information need to study the child and have some impact. Don't build relationships from the top down. Remember that even a baby strives for independence in relationships. And that your status is determined by the words of A.S. Makarenko "a wonderful personality." Try to understand the psychological atmosphere in the children's team, which will help in communicating with the child. Learn to listen to children. Strive to feel their mood in the process of communicating with you. Do not forget that children can have conflicts, and that you can provoke them with your pedagogical failure. Convincing the child of his mistakes, try to be tactful. To avoid "dead-end" monosyllabic answers, start the question with the question "why?", "how?", "for what?". Be proactive in communication. Avoid cliches in the manner of behaving with children (exactly according to plan). Get over the negative attitude towards some guys. Only criticism: without a constructive start, useless. Smile more often for children. Try to sound more often approval, praise, encouragement. Children need to know how you feel about them. Your assessment of his behavior determines his attitude towards you. Remember your relationship with each child. Your change in attitude will lead to negative behavior in the child.

1. Professional ethics

Educator is not only a profession, but also social status, which needs to be matched. To do this, the teacher must havepedagogical culture. All requirements for the culture of the teacherrecorded in pedagogical ethics.

Ethics - (from Greek ethos custom, disposition, character) - the science of morality. The most important requirement of pedagogical ethics is love for children. However, to love children is not just to show a feeling, but also the ability of a teacher to accept a pupil as he is, empathize with him and help him develop.

The teacher's love for children should be at the level of moral relations. Children appreciate in the teacher, first of all, kindness, responsiveness,understanding. If the teacher does not like children, then he will not be able to call a responselove and trust of children.

An important quality of a teacher is pedagogical optimism.

This is faith in the child, in his abilities, the ability to see the good and rely on this good in the learning process.

Pedagogical ethics is a complete balancing of moralfeelings of consciousness and behavior of the teacher. All these qualities shouldbe present in his culture of communication with children, with any otherpeople, in the pedagogical tact of the teacher.

Pedagogical tact (from lat. Tactus - touch) is calledsense of proportion in the choice of means of pedagogical influence. Tactdoes not at all imply that the teacher will always be kind ordispassionate, not reacting to the negative behavior and actions of children.

Pedagogical tact is a combination of respect for the personality of the childand with reasonable demands on him.

The teacher may be indignant, even angry, but this shouldbe expressed in ways that are adequate to the requirements of pedagogical cultureand ethics. The actions of the teacher should not humiliate the dignity of the individual. Byaccording to A.S. Makarenko, pedagogical tact is a skill"nowhere to overdo it."

Usually, a teacher needs a pedagogical tact in complex and ambiguous situations of pedagogical interaction, in which, in addition to the moral side of the relationship, he is required to show his resourcefulness, intuition, poise, sense of humor. Kind humor, and not malicious irony and mockery, sometimes makes it possible to find the most effective and tactful way of pedagogical interaction. Sometimes a teacher's smile is enough to change the situation. But it should be a smile that is permeated with love: a smile of approval, understanding, reassurance, regret, sympathy. And in no case should it be a smile - a surrogate: malevolent, malicious, mocking.

2. Signs and elements of pedagogical tact

The main elements of the pedagogical tact are:

♦ exactingness and respect for the pupil;

♦ the ability to see and hear the child, empathize with him;

♦ attentiveness, sensitivity of the teacher.

Professional tact is manifested:

♦ in the appearance of the teacher;

♦ in the ability to quickly and correctly assess the current situation and at the same timetime not to rush to conclusions about the behavior and abilities of the pupil;

♦ in the ability to restrain one's feelings and not lose self-control in a difficult

situations;

♦ in a combination of reasonable exactingness with a sensitive attitude towards children;

♦ good knowledge of age and individual features children;

♦ in a self-critical evaluation of one's work.

♦ a tactful teacher comes to work on time, business meetings;

♦ promptly returns what was borrowed from colleagues; does not repeat rumors

♦ unverified facts, especially if they can harm others.

The basis of tact is the endurance and balance of the teacher.

home distinguishing feature a tactful teacher - high demands and sincere respect for the pupils. The concept of "tact" includes many components, but all of them are somehow connected with caring for a small person, with an attentive and sensitive attitude towards him.

Psychologists argue that where the flexibility of pedagogical tactics is replaced by a sharp shout or verbosity of irritation and anger, professional pedagogical activity is replaced by an expression of pedagogical failure. It is as if the doctor, instead of helping the patient, would beat him.

It should be noted that, using such stimulation methods as punishment and encouragement, the teacher should be especially tactful intowards each child. When applying punishment, it is very important to show as much respect as possible and at the same time exactingness topupil. It is unacceptable to be indignant at the misconduct of a child, and even more sopluck evil and offend him.

The teacher's communication style as an expression of pedagogical tact.

An important characteristic in the ethics of professional pedagogical communication is its style. The style of communication between a teacher and pupils is a social and moral category. It is formed under the influence of many factors and depends on:

From the mental warehouse of a person;

His value orientations;

Level of education and general culture;

Influences of the immediate social environment (family, friends).

Lyubov Petrovna Sapozhkova
Consultation for teachers "Ethics of professional behavior in preschool educational institutions"

"Ethics of professional behavior in the preschool educational institution"

senior educator: Sapozhkova L.P.

An educator is not only a profession, but also a social status that must be met. And for this, the teacher must have a pedagogical culture. All requirements for the culture of the teacher are recorded in pedagogical ethics. Ethics is the science of morality. The most important requirement of pedagogical ethics is love for children. However, to love children is not just to show a feeling, but also the ability of a teacher to accept the pupil as he is, empathize with him and help him develop.

The teacher's love for children should be at the level of moral relations. Children in the teacher appreciate first of all kindness, responsiveness, understanding. If the teacher does not love children, then he will not be able to evoke the reciprocal love and trust of children.

An important quality of a teacher is pedagogical optimism. This is faith in the child, in his abilities, the ability to see the good and rely on this good in the learning process.

Pedagogical tact is a sense of proportion in the choice of means of pedagogical influence. Tact does not at all imply that the teacher will always be kind or dispassionate, not reacting to the negative behavior and actions of children. Pedagogical tact is a combination of respect for the personality of the child and reasonable demands on him.

The teacher can be indignant, even angry, but this should be expressed in ways that are adequate to the requirements of pedagogical culture and ethics. The actions of the teacher should not humiliate the dignity of the individual. According to A. S. Makarenko, pedagogical tact is the ability to “not overdo it anywhere”.

Usually, a teacher needs a pedagogical tact in complex and ambiguous situations of pedagogical influence, in which, in addition to the moral side of the relationship, he is required to show his resourcefulness, intuition, poise, sense of humor. Kind humor, and not malicious irony and mockery, sometimes makes it possible to find the most effective and tactful way of pedagogical influence. Sometimes the teacher's smile is enough, which is permeated with love: a smile of approval, understanding, reassurance, regret, sympathy. And in no case should it be a malicious, malicious, mocking smile.

Signs and elements of pedagogical tact.

The main elements of the pedagogical tact are:

Demanding and respect for the pupil;

The ability to see and hear the child, empathize with him;

Attentiveness, sensitivity of the teacher.

Professional tact is manifested:

In the appearance of the teacher;

In the ability to quickly and correctly assess the current situation and at the same time not to rush to conclusions about the behavior and abilities of the pupil;

In the ability to restrain one's feelings and not lose self-control in a difficult situation;

In a combination of reasonable exactingness with a sensitive attitude towards children;

In good knowledge of the age and individual characteristics of children;

In a self-critical assessment of their work.

A tactful teacher comes to work on time, business meetings; promptly returns what he borrowed from colleagues; does not repeat rumors of unverified facts, especially if they can harm others. The basis of tact is the endurance and balance of the teacher. The main distinguishing feature of a tactful teacher is high demands and sincere respect for the pupils. The concept of "tact" includes many components, but all of them are somehow connected with caring for a small person, with an attentive and sensitive attitude towards him.

Conducting the test "Ethics - Logic".

Purpose: determination of the dominant sphere of personality (emotional-ethical or mental)

Airplane travel game

All players are divided into four teams: India, Russia, Chukotka, Japan.

Each country corresponds to certain exclamations and movements.

India - "Jimmy, Jimmy, acha-acha!" (while pronouncing these words, raise your hands, imitating the movements of Indian dance);

Russia - "Uuuh, you, firs - burns!" (you need to scratch the back of your head);

Chukotka - "Khaya - haya - haya - ho!" (you need to raise your arms bent at the elbows with open palms and make swaying movements left and right - like a dance from the cartoon "Chunga - Changa");

Japan - "Kanitiva" (you need to fold your palms at your chest and make a half bow, like the Japanese do when greeting).

The task of the teams is to shout out their phrase in chorus when the name of “their” country is pronounced.

Example:

We are flying in an airplane over Russia. Russia is a big country; we are flying over Chukotka. Chukotka is a large and beautiful land. And we turn south, fly further and see Japan. There are many Japanese in Japan. Japan is called the land of the rising sun. And now we have India on the horizon. There are many elephants and monkeys in India. A cow is considered a sacred animal in India. We are already running out of fuel and decide to refuel in Japan. We fill up our tanks and leave Japan and return home. Before landing, we climbed high - high into the sky and saw all the countries together.

How to overcome stress or 12 steps towards yourself

Stress, especially if it is frequent and prolonged, has a negative impact not only on psychological condition but also on physical health. Therefore, it is very important to be able to cope with stress. I hope that these simple tips will help you achieve psychological balance, strengthen your sense of self-confidence.

1. There is a way out of any situation!

2. If you don't see a way out, go to bed. You may dream of an exit.

3. If you have a splinter, it must be removed, otherwise there will be an abscess. If you have a problem, it needs to be solved. We are not ostriches to hide our heads in the sand! The main thing is to define your problem in words. This is already half of her solution.

4. If you can’t face the problem boldly, you can cry. Relief will come, then see point 3.

6. You can tell about your experience not to a person, but to an animal. A cat or a dog will always understand you, caress you. They are nature itself. Therefore, they sensitively capture your condition and take your pain upon themselves. No animals? Please use flowers for the same.

7. There is one way to "run away from problems" - put on your sneakers and run, run, run until you get a second wind.

8. For many, daily hardening helps for greater resistance to stress.

9. A non-standard approach to it will always help in a difficult situation. Give yourself a rest, watch a cartoon and go back to point 3.

10. You can't deceive someone, but yourself. Don't try to do it. Try to write poetry, detectives, where fictional characters deal with your situation.

11. If you can't think of anything better, you can slam doors, tear paper, smash plastic bottles. Doing tedious cleaning after all this, you will only laugh at previous traumatic situations, this will be your cure.

12. If you are stuck in an elevator, be careful not to break wood. Sometimes, in order not to harm yourself, it is better to turn to specialists (psychologists, psychoanalysts, head teacher for educational work, a doctor). Not all amateur performance is creativity. There are learned people, and they will help you. Don't be shy, pretend you're the Masked Hero and go!

Game "Penguins"

Players stand in two circles - outer and inner. The task of the players from the outer circle is to take a place in the inner circle and vice versa - the players from the inner circle try to take a place in the outer circle.

At the end of the game, a conclusion is drawn: in order to solve the task, it was enough to ask or agree on it.

Good	Badly
Being a good teacher is an interesting, dynamic job.	It’s bad to be an educator - the work is difficult, it requires extensive knowledge, you constantly need to read methodological literature ...
It is good to be an educator - this work is grateful, this is happiness - to see the burning eyes of children, to teach them goodness, to give them knowledge.	Being a teacher is bad - everyone constantly checks how you work, what you do with children, you have to constantly write plans.
It is good to be an educator - parents respect you, listen to your opinion, etc.	Being a teacher is bad - you constantly have to restrain yourself, your emotions in relation to others.

Code of professional ethics for kindergarten workers. Consultation "pedagogical ethics in the work of a preschool teacher" Pedagogical ethics of a kindergarten teacher

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1. Professional ethics

"Ethics of professional behavior in the preschool educational institution"

Signs and elements of pedagogical tact.

Airplane travel game

How to overcome stress or 12 steps towards yourself

Game "Penguins"

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