Classification of real estate objects

Classification of residential properties.

Using the example of an adapted summary classification of objects (Silver Sky Development, Ukraine), we will consider the types of residential real estate objects.
1. Classes "Economy", "Economy +"

Characteristics:
Panel, monolithic-frame houses
Low quality thermal insulation
Technically poorly equipped
Multi-front houses or cascade construction
The total area of ​​one house is from 12,000 to 20,000 sq.m., a residential complex - up to 45,000 sq.m.
Apartments in the house more than 150
Floors from 10 floors and above
1st floor - small shops, cafes, small services, no offices
Building areas - sleeping areas
Apartments are rented without finishing, iron doors, water meters, inexpensive windows, open balconies
Panel houses are rented with finishing with domestic materials
On the stairwell from 4-6 apartments, recreations are small, sometimes there are technical rooms
The proportion in the house according to the format of apartments is more than 1 and 2-room
The formats are typical 1-room - about 40 sq.m., 2-room - about 60 sq.m., 3-room. - about 80 sq.m., 4-room. (90 sq.m.) very little or not at all
small parking area, ground parking, no guest parking
ceilings 2.65-2.75
1st floor - possible infrastructure, social and cultural life
fixed price

The "Economy+" class is distinguished by an improved location, a large area of ​​​​apartments, and sometimes additional infrastructure.

2. Class "Business", "Business+"

Characteristics:
Monolith with brick partitions, brick
The total area of ​​the house is usually no more than 10,000-12,000 sq. m.
The building has no more than 150 apartments
1-2 sections, cascades are architecturally separated from each other
Location in the center or close to the center or a separate area on the array
Individual project, the possibility of free redevelopment
Floors up to 24 floors
Ceilings 3-3.20 m.
Guarded entrance
1.2 floor - infrastructure, offices, large format stores
Up to 4-6 apartments on one site
Redesign on request
High quality plastic windows
Quality entry doors
On the top floor - attic apartments with improved layout, penthouses
Less than 1-room, there are 4, 5-room, sometimes penthouses. Leading 3 and 4-room apartments.
Improved basic finishes, good quality radiators, sometimes internal wooden doors
Medium formats 1-room - 60-70, 2-room - 80-90 sq.m., 3-room - 120-150 sq.m., 4 rooms. – 160-170 sq.m., duplex apartments
Landscaping - playground, lawns
Underground parking, 1 place for 1 apartment + guest parking
Price differentiation by floor, view from windows, area, attic, penthouse is more expensive - penthouse format - from 300 to 400 sq.m.

Class "Business +" has an improved location, sometimes additional infrastructure.

3. Elite class

Characteristics:
The total area of ​​the house is up to 12,000 sq.m.
Floors from 5 floors to 7
1 section
Up to 40 apartments in the house
Brick
The average format of an apartment is 150 sq.m., formats from 90 sq.m. up to 400 sq.m.
Central location, park area, good view, self-contained building
Two-level apartments, the prevalence of apartments is more than 100 sq.m.
Individual project, individual layout of all apartments
High-quality primary finishing with expensive materials
Ceilings up to 3.50
big hall
Private detached yard
Large parking - 2 spaces per apartment + guest places
Concierge service for residents
central guard
Centralized technical system, air conditioning, water and air purification
Autonomous technical services - water, electricity, heating
Providing communication ( digital communications, internet, satellite, cable TV)
Additional options - own swimming pool, sauna, car wash, car repair service, gym
There are no more than 2 apartments on the site or separate sections of 2 apartments each
Additional options - a rest room for drivers, a room for strollers and bicycles, etc.
Own operation service
Good view from the windows
Areas from 150 sq.m. to 500 sq.m.,
2 parking spaces per apartment, guest parking
Extended service for residents - own delivery, baby-sitter services, etc.

Classification of commercial real estate objects

To date, the following parameters are considered for the classification of objects:

1. the scale of the object (regional, district, district);
2. pricing policy(high, medium, low);
3. product specialization;
4. main consumer;
5. infrastructure and service, availability additional centers attraction of buyers;
6. location;
7. constructive, architecture and finishing, planning solutions;
8. parking;
9. building management, security.
10. the age of the building, the qualifications of the workers and the quality of the materials used in the construction (reconstruction).

Thus, the parameters by which the classification of retail real estate is carried out are clearly defined, but development and consulting organizations have not yet come to a common decision on what criteria should be inherent in a particular class.

Within the framework of the above main qualification features, the following types of commercial real estate objects are distinguished:

1) Depending on the scale of the object (taking into account the type of building (buildings) and the features of its space-planning solution):

A complex of buildings with its own territory ( shopping malls(TC), shopping and entertainment complexes (TRK), shopping centers(TC), malls, hyper malls, hypermarkets);
detached buildings-shops (supermarkets, department stores);
lower floors in a residential or office building (grocery, department stores, pharmacies);
built-in and attached premises, pavilions (small trade enterprises serving residents of the microdistrict);
non-residential premises for free use (first floors and basements of a residential building);
non-residential premises for free use before finishing or reconstruction.

2) Depending on the structural device:

Store-warehouse (has landscaped areas, sheds, warehouses);
store (stationary building or part of it, having a land plot);
pavilion (equipped building with a trading floor and a room for storing goods);
kiosk (room equipped with commercial equipment);
tent (non-stationary, collapsible structure)

3) According to the range of goods sold and the size of the trading area and taking into account product specialization:

Mixed (trading both food and non-food products);
universal (realizing a universal range of food or non-food items- supermarket, department store, etc.);
combined (realizing several groups of goods united by a common demand - meat / fish or goods for children);
specialized (selling goods of one commodity group - meat, fish, knitwear, etc.);
highly specialized (selling goods of a part of a product group - for example, one brand name)

4) According to the pricing policy:

High price category goods - mostly well-known, expensive trademarks and brands;
medium price category - good quality goods, brands that do not position themselves as expensive or little-known brands;
low price category - goods of medium and low quality, unknown to anyone trademarks or a fake of well-known expensive brands sold at a very low price.

The boom in the commercial real estate market in the regional cities of Russia is forcing developers to study the investment attractiveness of a particular city more and more carefully. Our abstract provides the main provisions of the methodology for the initial assessment of the city in terms of its potential for an investor, and also describes the main criteria based on which one can judge the overall development of a particular territory.

It is important to note that investment attractiveness will change depending on the goals. If, for example, an investor wants to invest in the construction of residential real estate, then one set of criteria will be essential for him, and another for investing in warehouse real estate, and a third for a retail real estate project.

The main thing in this process is the quantitative assessment of each criterion and its maximum values ​​in modern conditions. The solution of these issues is associated with serious analytical work and information search, determination of assessments (including expert ones) and the creation of a general picture of the investment attractiveness of the city.

Geographical position: The location of the city on the map, its climatic conditions, proximity to other regions and countries is one of the main criteria for investment attractiveness.

Administrative status of the city:

• federal significance;
• republican significance;
• marginal value;
• regional significance;
• regional significance.

Group of demographic criteria: One of the most important criteria that determine the investment attractiveness of the city is the population. The next criterion is population growth. It is estimated as a percentage and can be positive or negative. If the value of population growth is negative, then you should seriously think about the causes of population decline. population growth population depends on the birth rate, death rate and population migration. If the birth rate exceeds the death rate, then this indicates a positive demographic trend in the city. A positive migration increase is not always a positive process, for example, the return of previously deported persons often leads to a deterioration in the social situation in the city, an aggravation of the crime situation. Essential criteria are average age, the percentage of the able-bodied population and the average level of its education. Currently, in many cities there is an "aging" and a decrease in the share of the working population, which significantly reduces the investment attractiveness of the city. The unemployment rate shows what proportion of the able-bodied population cannot find officially registered work, receives unemployment subsidies and does not contribute to the city's economy .

The main indicators of the socio-economic development of the city: An important criterion is the average income of the population. Usually, the official information of the State Statistics Committee is used as a relative qualitative characteristic. The presence of large operating enterprises is a very favorable factor. The presence of enterprises producing materials and equipment necessary for construction and repair work has a positive impact on the investment attractiveness of the city. Significant are the facts of the inclusion of the city in the federal or other development program, under which are allocated budget resources. An important criterion for an investor is the loyalty of the city's leadership to the development project and the company that represents it. The presence of an "administrative resource" simplifies the promotion of the project.

The above list of criteria is not exhaustive. By revising specific projects may appear such as the average provision of housing, provision retail space or office space, the state of the housing stock, the supply / demand for various types of real estate, etc. When assessing the investment attractiveness of a city, all criteria should be considered in combination.

If the proposal meets the Project Selection Criteria, then a full project review is carried out, which involves:

Carrying out marketing expertise with a thorough study of the specifics of the region (desk and field studies are carried out at the site of the proposed project);

Creation of a financial model of the project and its analysis;

Examination of the legal purity and readiness of the project;

Evaluation of the technical literacy of the project.

Upon completion of the work of the expert group, a Consolidated report on the examination of the project is formed, which identifies all the strengths and weaknesses of the project and possible risks participation in the project, conclusions and conclusions are made. The summary report on the project appraisal is the basis for making a decision on entering the project.

Criteria for assessing city districts (on the example of cities)

Distribution of cities by investment levels. It is now believed that investment in fixed capital is one of the most important indicators of the viability of cities. Investment projects in the form of investments in the creation and re-equipment of industries, investments in construction, housing reconstruction and renovation of urban infrastructures have a long service life and payback period. Therefore, these investments are made, as a rule, after a serious analysis of the prospects and risks of implementing investment projects, which allows us to consider investments as independent evaluation prospects for investments in the development of the city.

Investments differ by types of investment sources - extra-budgetary and budgetary. At the same time, extra-budgetary (private) investments are divided into external and internal, and budgetary - into federal, regional and municipal. Off-budget external investments are made by external private companies, and off-budget internal investments are made by private companies located in the city. Budget investments, respectively, can be made from the budgets of the Russian Federation, the region and the municipal (city) budgets.

Thus, the level of investment, on the one hand, is a measure of the prospects of the city (according to external and internal private investors), and on the other hand, a measure of the strategic and responsibility of the city government.

The activities of the city authorities, as a rule, are focused on solving the operational problems of maintaining urban life support infrastructures. Effective operational management provides a positive image of power and is an important political trump card in elections to various government bodies. At the same time, the concentration of power solely on solving operational problems makes it impossible to solve long-term strategic problems of urban development. Focusing on “popular” solutions, refusing to reallocate resources to solve long-term strategic tasks leads to increased risks for the city in the future, while the “present” begins to exist at the expense of the “future”.

In Russia, there is a practice of subsidizing cities and unprofitable branches of the urban economy - both at the level of the federation and the region, and at the level of city budgets. At the same time, such subsidies are often classified as irretrievable investments. When conducting a comparative analysis of cities by the level of investment, we considered the overall level of investment: external and internal investment in production, all budget investments, including non-repayable investments.

Features of the elite area. The formation of the image of a modern large metropolis largely depends on the location industrial enterprises, the most important highways, residential, business areas, the concentration of the most important objects.

Real estate agencies note the fact that today any place in the historical center of the city is no longer attractive in terms of a potential place of residence. The “elite area” category currently includes an area that harmoniously embodies the high level of comfort of residential buildings with a unique architectural appearance of the area that has preserved quiet green areas. It is worth noting that the degree of air pollution has long been one of the main factors determining the prestige of a particular area. Currently, when compiling a district prestige rating, the quality of house construction, the use of modern construction technologies and new high-quality materials in the process of building a house are taken into account.

Modern buyers have begun to evaluate this essential feature - the quality of built houses, on which a higher level of convenience depends, and the compliance of the presented characteristics of the area with the parameters indicated above determines the degree of its prestige.

When choosing luxury housing, one should take into account the fact that its location is one of the main parameters that affect the cost of a future apartment. Remember that the price of 1 km² of real estate depends on the area in which it is located.

The degree of prestige of the area is determined by the following factors:

The location of the district relative to the central part of the city;

Availability in the area (as a percentage) of quality built houses;

Equivalent environment, expressed in the high social standard of living of residents;

Low population concentration;

Availability of playgrounds (see Fig. 2), park areas, squares;

Developed infrastructure;

The historical value of the structures located in the area;

Absence of gas pollution, hazardous industries, noise, which form a favorable environmental situation;

Absence in the area of ​​prisons, psychiatric and infectious diseases hospitals that cause psychological discomfort;

All these features and has a real elite area.

Criteria for assessing Moscow districts: When choosing an apartment, one of the main parameters that influence, on the one hand, the decision of the buyer, and on the other hand, determines the price of the future apartment is its location. Today, the cost of purchased or sold housing will depend on the area in which it is located. This is especially noticeable in the case of elite apartments in Moscow. We will tell you in detail about what any client should know about the area where the property is located, regardless of whether he wants to buy an apartment or sell an existing home.

The appearance of modern Moscow (see Fig. 2) is largely determined today by the location of the most important highways and industrial enterprises, the location of residential and business areas, and the location of the most important objects. The appearance of the city began to take shape in the 18th century according to a radial-ring or fan type, while the boundaries of the city gradually expanded, including new areas within Moscow.

If we talk about Moscow in general, then for a long time one of the important factors determining the prestige and quality of a particular area was the direction of the passage of air masses over the capital. The fact is that the wind rose in the capital is such that the masses of polluted air are carried to the east and southeast, and, as a result, these areas are less prestigious and popular.

Gradually, when determining the prestige rating of a particular area, the quality of construction began to be taken into account. The development and implementation of modern construction technologies, new high-quality materials made it possible to achieve a higher level of comfort and convenience. Buyers began to reconsider the concept of the elitism of the area, evaluating another significant feature - the quality of the houses built.

Gradually, in combination with the unevenness of the territories within the administrative divisions, this determined the departure from such a practice, when any place in the historical center of the city or in the western direction was considered attractive. Any direction in the capital is a combination of heterogeneous in terms of density and quality of buildings, social environment and zone infrastructure. Not all areas of the center of the capital can be called elite. This category includes only small islands-oases, which harmoniously combine the unique architectural appearance of the area, quiet green areas and a high level of comfort of residential buildings.

Today, the prestige of the area is largely determined by the following factors:

Location of the district relative to the city center (inside the Garden Ring (see Fig. 4) and in directions - outside it);

Historical and architectural value of buildings, their external attractiveness and the degree of physical deterioration;

Availability of necessary infrastructure in the area;

The number of high quality houses in the area, the presence of an equivalent environment (see Fig. 5);

Low concentration of the population, favorable social composition of the inhabitants;

Favorable ecological situation (absence of hazardous industries, gas pollution, background radiation, noise);

Low level of crime;

Absence in the area of ​​objects, the proximity to which can cause psychological discomfort (prisons, psychiatric and infectious diseases hospitals, dispensaries);

Availability of recreational areas (parks, squares, playgrounds);

Convenience of transport communication.

The completeness of the correspondence of the characteristics of the district to the listed parameters makes it possible to judge the degree of its prestige.

The investment potential of the city is formed by the following competitive advantages:

Developed transport infrastructure;

Developed scientific and technical base;

Availability of industrial potential;

High level of financial infrastructure development;

A special industrial and commercial infrastructure that has developed over the 250-year history of the city, thanks to the traditions of the merchant and industrial and commercial past, favorably affecting the development of market relations and entrepreneurial activity;

High consumer potential;

Availability of qualified work force.

Investors are interested in the degree of profitability of investments in the city, as well as the potential risk of losing investments. The more stable financial position cities, the less risky and more profitable investments in it. Hence, the economic interests of investors lie in the area of ​​assessing the risk and profitability of investment projects, the ability to generate profits. The investment attractiveness of the city is very important for expanding the circle of investors. At the same time, investors already working with the enterprises of the city, with an increase in their financial stability, can invest additional funds. Consequently, the financial stability of the city's enterprises provides an opportunity to attract additional investments, which contributes to the development of the city as a whole.

Investment attractiveness of Novosibirsk. Historically, the interest of the world business community in the young village of railway workers, as the center of the vast Siberian region, arose from the first years of its formation. Investment attractiveness Novosibirsk(see Fig. 6) was due to:

The geographical position of the settlement located at the intersection of the most important transport communications;

Trade and transport potential;

The proximity of the most important raw material bases of Siberia.

Over historical short term The city added new ones to the traditional factors of investment attractiveness:

Developed industrial complex;

Unique scientific and technological potential of four academies of sciences: Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (see Fig. 7), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Branch of the Academy of Architectural Sciences;

The largest multidisciplinary educational complex beyond the Urals;

The status of a metropolis, the administrative center of Siberia, with a developed financial infrastructure.

The investment activity and attractiveness of the city is influenced by:

Multifaceted integration of material, technical and intellectual potential;

Development of international business partnership;

Development of international transport services with transit specialization;

The prospect of creating a multimodal transport hub.

In recent years, there has been an increase in urban planning activities in the city. Investors are attracted by significant material resources of the metropolis:

Developed urban infrastructure;

Industrial and construction sites;

Telecommunication networks;

Housing stock;

Socio-cultural objects.

Promising areas of investment are:

Science and high-tech production;

Tourism and recreation infrastructure;

Hospitality;

Housing construction;

Construction of social and cultural facilities.

Novosibirsk has a huge creative potential and is rightfully considered the cultural center of Siberia. Today's Novosibirsk is a large modern city with all the signs and elements of a metropolis, with a developed engineering infrastructure, transport network, including the metro, utilities and housing stock, with an extensive network of social facilities that ensure the city's normal life. The implementation of investment opportunities and the formation of a favorable investment climate are positively influenced by:

Scientific-industrial and investment policy of the Novosibirsk City Hall;

Stable political situation in the city.

The established approaches to solving the problem of increasing the investment attractiveness of the city and attracting investments allow us to make plans for positioning Novosibirsk as a platform for large-scale investment projects for the development of high-tech business and the necessary utility and engineering infrastructure.

Investment investment. For many Russians, the phrase "investment" is associated with various forms of working with securities, playing on the stock exchange, and other activities that are far from the layman. In fact, many forms of investment are well known to every person. This is any profitable investment made in the expectation that after some time they will return with a profit. Investments are made not only in securities but also in real estate, operating businesses, works of art, antiques, debentures and more.

Investing in real estate is a fairly common form of capital allocation. In large Russian cities, the cost of real estate is constantly growing. Real estate can be not only resold at a profit in the future, but also rented out, bringing the owner stable income. Residential real estate can be rented out for a long time and daily. In the latter case, the payback period is significantly reduced, but much more effort is required in order to provide it to tenants.

A profitable form of investment is the acquisition of commercial real estate. The advantages of commercial real estate have become especially noticeable recently - when there has been some stabilization of prices in the residential sector, and the cost per square meter in an office or store continues to grow. By investing in commercial real estate, it should be remembered that it will not be profitable "by itself". Commercial real estate requires significantly higher costs for competent management. In the face of increasing competition, modern business and shopping centers managed by professionals are gaining more and more advantages. The appearance, level of service and reputation of an office building and a store directly affects the success of companies operating in it, and hence the number of tenants who may be interested in this object. Therefore, for the development of retail and office buildings, investment management, professionals are increasingly involved - specialists from companies engaged in the promotion of commercial real estate for several years now. Knowledge of market conditions, the ability to competently draw up a project and control all stages of its implementation will help minimize risks and make investing in commercial real estate as profitable as possible.

Literature

1. Igoshin N.V. Investments. Organization of management and financing: Textbook for universities. 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: UNITI-DANA, 2001. -S.191-196

2. Loss on assignment of investment rights ("Glavbukh". Appendix "Accounting in construction", 2006, N 1)

3. Abramov S.I. Management of investments in fixed capital - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2002. - P.81-83

4. Igonina LL Investments: Proc. allowance / ed. Doctor of Economics Sciences, prof. Slepova V.A. - M.: Economist, 2003. - 478 p.

test questions

Formation of favorable conditions for attracting investments in the real sector of the economy, including foreign ones, is one of the priority areas activities of the mayor's office of the city of Yaroslavl.

Yaroslavl potentially has many advantages for attracting investors:
-favorable geographical position: proximity to Moscow and relative proximity to St. Petersburg, favorable climatic conditions;
- location at the intersection of the main road, rail, water and air routes, main oil and gas pipelines;
- powerful diversified industrial potential;
- sustainable resource provision;
- advanced system middle and higher vocational education, high scientific and innovative potential;
- extensive foreign economic relations;
- high tourism potential.

To build an effective municipal investment policy, city governments use systems approach, within which strategic objectives development of the municipality, as well as modern market mechanisms and tools.

To determine the prospects for the development of the city in Yaroslavl, the following documents of strategic planning for the socio-economic development of the city were approved:

The strategy of social and economic development of the city of Yaroslavl until 2020, which provides guidance to entrepreneurs, potential internal and external investors, helps them make informed decisions, taking into account the vision of the future.

The action plan for the implementation of the Strategy for the socio-economic development of the city of Yaroslavl until 2020, which ensures the achievement of the main strategic goal socio-economic development of the city of Yaroslavl - improving the quality of life of the population based on economic growth.

The program for the integrated development of communal infrastructure systems in the city of Yaroslavl for 2006-2017 and for the period up to 2026.

The program for the integrated development of the transport infrastructure of the city of Yaroslavl for 2018-2026.

The program for the integrated development of the social infrastructure of the city of Yaroslavl for 2018-2026.

In the city of Yaroslavl, the Master Plan of the city was approved, which determined the foundations territorial planning and urban planning policy until 2026, Rules for land use and development of the city of Yaroslavl, according to which a system for regulating land use and development is defined, based on the division of the entire territory of the city into territorial zones and the establishment of urban planning regulations for each zone.

Investment projects implemented on the territory of Yaroslavl, in accordance with the current regulatory legal acts, are provided with municipal support aimed at creating a maximum favorable regime for the subjects of investment activity.
In order to attract new investors, the Novoselki industrial park (about 400 hectares) was created in the city, which is located along the southern border of the city and assumes a broad industrial focus. A plant of the Japanese concern "Komatsu" is already successfully operating here for the production of construction equipment and Russia's first plant for the production of steel structures by Lindab Buildings.

Factory «Komatsu»

In September 2012, the grand opening of the plant for the production of finished dosage forms took place. Japanese company Takeda. The construction of another pharmaceutical plant on the territory of the industrial park, carried out by Teva (Israel), was completed in October 2014. In December 2014, the construction of the first stage was completed technical center data processing of PJSC VimpelCom, one of the largest telecommunications companies in Russia.

Factory «Takeda»

Also, on the territory of the industrial park, a Center for Technology Transfer, Development of Innovative and Import-Substituting medicines and training for the pharmaceutical industry on the basis of the Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D.Ushinsky. This project was carried out as part of the implementation of the Federal target program"Development of the pharmaceutical and medical industry of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 and beyond." The Technology Transfer Center is a research complex with a total area of ​​8600 square meters as a business incubator, which allows to locate on its territory chemical and bioscreening research laboratories, premises for preclinical studies, various technological and implementation platforms, offices and representative offices of companies - residents of the Yaroslavl pharmaceutical cluster.

In 2016, Yaroslavl Beverage Plant LLC began manufacturing products, the product range of which includes carbonated and non-carbonated artesian water, premium lemonades and juices.

A class A logistics complex, a wholesale distribution center of X5 Retail Group, equipped with modern equipment for temporary storage of products for servicing more than 500 stores of the Perekrestok, Pyaterochka, Karusel groups in 5 regions.
The Belgian holding Besins Healthcare has completed the construction of a pharmaceutical plant for the production of Utrozhestan, which is included in the All-Russian List of Essential Medicines. The official opening of the plant took place on June 18, 2019.
The energy center of OOO Yarkogeneratsiya was built, which will provide residents of the industrial park Novoselki and other consumers with additional electrical and thermal capacities. Currently underway preparatory work on commissioning of cogeneration gas-piston power plants, which make it possible to form a system of distribution sources of electrical and thermal energy.
Under construction: the Federal Laboratory "Center for Quality Control and Certification of Medicinal Products", the administrative, repair and warehouse building of ISTK LLC - the official distributor of Komatsu and ATLET equipment, as well as the Data Center of the Tenzor company.

Investment in fixed capital for large and medium organizations

According to statistics for 2018, investments in fixed assets for large and medium-sized organizations of the city amounted to 31.4 billion rubles.

* excluding funds of participants in shared construction

The main areas of use of capital investments in 2018 were: the acquisition of machinery, equipment, Vehicle(47.0%), construction of non-residential buildings and structures (43.5%), housing construction (7.1%).

In 2018, 70.8% of investments were financed at the expense of organizations’ own funds, and 29.2% of investments were financed at the expense of attracted funds.

It has been proved that the processes of urbanization, population concentration, scientific and economic potential in the largest cities are an objective reality. modern world. An important indicator when choosing a city for life in it is its attractiveness. A component of the attractiveness of the territory is the comfort of life, which reflects the degree of satisfaction of the material, cultural and spiritual needs of a person. Comfort can be measured using a set of objective indicators, taking into account the characteristics of one's own urban lifestyle. The consumer is not interested in the territory itself, but in its value, which is determined by the main characteristics: a set of tangible and intangible benefits, the uniqueness of the territory, the adaptability of the territory. The article highlights the parameters for assessing the comfort and attractiveness of life in the city, presents the results of a sociological survey conducted in Kazan. Weaknesses of the city's development are identified based on an analysis of the opinions of citizens and recommendations are given for their elimination.

city ​​competitiveness

comfort and attractiveness of living in the city

1. Grinchel B. M., Kostyleva N. E., Dergacheva E. A. The most important factors in ensuring the competitiveness of cities. Scientific materials XIV international conference local authorities EUROGRAD 2004 “Innovation for Urban Development: electronic control and strategic projects. - St. Petersburg: In-t "EUROGRAD", 2004. - S. 137.

2. Meshcheryakov T. V. Image of the city as a strategic factor effective marketing territory // Problems modern economy. - № 2 (30).

3. Muzafarov A. A. Comfort living in the city // Electronic Science Magazine"Economics of the Region" URL: http://journal.vlsu.ru/ Access mode: free.

4. Nikolaeva N. A. Competitiveness of the city: the view of foreign scientists // Marketing in Russia and abroad. - 2001. - № 6 - http://www.cfin.ru/press/marketing/2001-6/07.shtml/ Access mode: free.

5. Savchuk T. V. Territorial marketing. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2009. - 368 p.: ill. (Series "Tutorial").

The processes of urbanization, population concentration, scientific and economic potential in the largest cities are an objective reality of the modern world. Today, 3/4 of the population of Russia, 90% of the population of Europe and half of the world's population live in cities. In the context of economic globalization, competition is a necessary tool for the development of the territory, which arose as a result of the failure of the federal center's method of leveling territories, which was actively used in the conditions of a command-administrative economy. Previously, the territory was considered as an object of exploitation: people lived in a certain territory, used all its natural resources, satisfying their minimum basic needs.

In a market economy, the territory begins to be considered from other positions:

• as an object of application by a person of his intellectual, financial, innovative potential;
• as a place to satisfy a person's need for rest, entertainment;
• as a place of business non-commercial activities etc.

Thus, a person who intends to settle in a particular city, first of all, is looking for a territory where he can fulfill all of the above requirements. He has a choice, and he can compare alternatives, competitive advantages and disadvantages of cities. According to T. V. Savchuk, the competitive advantage of a territory is a set of certain characteristics that make a city more perfect and attractive in the eyes of consumers in comparison with similar cities with a similar set of characteristics. As a result, the territory that “offers” the best conditions wins. Here there is an objective competition between the territories for their inhabitants. A close concept to competitiveness is the attractiveness of the city, from the point of view of a place of concentration various kinds activities . Moreover, the city should be attractive not only for enterprises, investors, tourists, but also for its population. Residents of the city are important factors such as the level of current prices for consumer goods and services, the level of wages, the availability of housing, jobs, that is, in other words, the standard of living of the population, which is a characteristic of the competitiveness of the city.

This idea is continued and deepened by A. A. Muzafarov, who calls the city ideal if it maintains a balance between various sectors of the economy, but at the same time attention is paid to the following factors: ensuring civil rights and improving living conditions; reflecting the way of life and thoughts of its inhabitants in city politics; taking into account the interests of all who work, live and rest in the city.

City authorities are beginning to realize that the prosperity of the territory depends on the ongoing policy of socio-economic development of the city. It is important to create conditions for strengthening the "competitive advantage" of the city, that is, to maintain the ever-growing standard of living of the city by increasing the productivity of the use of labor and capital by both existing and new enterprises. Despite the fact that cities are developing, and a certain policy is being pursued in them to improve living conditions, at the same time, the population's requirements for improving the quality of life and the comfort of living in the city are constantly growing.

A component of the attractiveness of the territory is the comfort of life, which reflects the degree of satisfaction of the material, cultural and spiritual needs of a person. Comfort can be measured using a set of objective indicators, taking into account the peculiarities of one's own urban lifestyle. In general, the consumer is not interested in the territory itself, but in its value, which is determined by the main characteristics:

1) a set of material goods that a consumer can acquire by receiving a certain amount of income. In fact, this is the cost of living conditions in a given city. For a city dweller, important economic indicators will be the level of income and expenses, which are determined by the average salary And average cost basic goods and services for the population, including taxes. Residents' spending determines the value of a commodity. Therefore, cities compete primarily in the area of ​​cost of living (living expenses). For the population, the availability of medical, educational, legal, transport, entertainment and other types of services and their quality are also important;

2) a set of intangible characteristics that are associated with the possibility of obtaining professional services in all spheres of human life, comfort of living, the possibility of professional and personal growth. In addition, the following are important for the consumer: the atmosphere of the city, historical traditions, culture, religious tolerance, social mood in the city, the level of social tension associated with the differentiation of incomes of the population;

3) the uniqueness of the territory, which is determined by the location of the city, its landscape, as well as the peculiarities of taxation, the attractiveness of the territory in terms of doing business, the presence of unique educational institutions or architectural features. The ecology of a territory can also be considered as its uniqueness;

4) the adaptability of the territory is its ability to change to meet the changing requirements of the consumer. It can be expressed in the flexibility of the response of the local administration to the demands of the population or entrepreneurship in ensuring civil rights and initiatives of residents, in improving living conditions or doing business, in taking into account the interests various groups population.

Thus, among the indicators of the level of comfort of the city, the following can be distinguished: the illumination of the city streets, cleanliness, the presence of green areas, the condition of the roads, safety in general in the city, the environment, the presence of traffic jams, the availability of places for recreation, the beauty of the city.

To assess the comfort of the city, the survey took into account such parameters as:

• frequency of visiting social, cultural and entertainment, household facilities;
• convenience of location of different objects;
• cost of services (their availability);
• the level of satisfaction with the quality of the services offered.

The attractiveness of living in the city is a broader concept, which, in my opinion, includes the following components: comfort of living in the city, the opportunity to get a job, the presence of discrimination, information openness, religious tolerance, conflict, social tension, the culture of the population, the opportunity to get an education , the ability to realize their interests, the ability to do business, the objectivity of the city media, trust in city authorities, the opportunity to participate in solving city problems.

Based on the above understanding of the attractiveness of living in the city, I conducted a sociological survey, the purpose of which was to assess the attractiveness of living in the city of Kazan from the point of view of its inhabitants. The sample consisted of 642 people, taking into account the area of ​​residence of the respondent, the distribution of respondents was by gender (45% of men, 55% of women), by age, education, income and area of ​​residence. We present the main conclusions of the study.

The good news is that the majority of citizens (90%) like to live in the city of Kazan, while 38% live in the city for more than 40 years, 19% - from 26 to 40 years, 18% - live in the city from 16 to 25 years. Despite the difference in income, there is a trend of positive attitude towards the city, 86.4% of residents like the city and only 13.6% gave a negative answer.

Despite this, there is a third of the residents who would prefer to change their place of residence. To the question "Would you move to live in another place, if there was such an opportunity", 38.5% - gave a positive answer, while 11% - would go to another city, 9% - to the countryside and 18% - abroad . Consequently, the city has problems that do not suit the residents. Let us consider how the residents as a whole rated the main parameters of the city on a 4-point scale. First, we highlight the characteristics of the city that received high marks.

Citizens love their city and appreciate its beauty, this is confirmed by the answers of respondents who rated the beauty of the city as "excellent" - 25.9%, "good" - 48.0%. But there are those who put "satisfactory" - 22.1%, "bad" - 3.0%, the rest do not know, they are 1.1%. In addition, there is another strong side of our city - this is religious tolerance and tolerance of citizens. Thus, 11.4% of the respondents gave “excellent”, 51.7% “good”, 25.1% “satisfactory”, 4.0% “bad”, and 7.8% “don't know”.

Despite the difference in income, there is such a positive trend throughout the city that the citizens have the desire and opportunity to visit entertainment facilities. Thus, 16% of residents go to the theater often, and 58.8% - sometimes. Movie theaters are frequented by 27.7% of citizens, and 41.9% - sometimes. Eat often in restaurants - 27.7% of respondents, 45% - sometimes they can afford it. 9.9% of the respondents visit concert halls often and 60.4% sometimes. At the same time, almost all of the listed objects ( grocery stores, cinemas, restaurants, cafes, nightclubs, schools, kindergartens, beauty salons, dry cleaners, pharmacies) are conveniently located in relation to their place of residence.

Respondents were asked to rate the comfort and attractiveness of the city as a whole on a 4-point scale (“excellent”, “good”, “satisfactory”, “poor”). Having calculated the average score for each criterion, the following result was obtained: the illumination of the streets of the city is estimated by residents at 3.39 points; the cleanliness of the city as a whole - 3.37; the presence of green areas - 3.13; road condition - 2.68; safety in general in the city - 3.28; ecology - 2.84; the presence of traffic jams on the road - 2.45; availability of places for recreation - 3.39; the beauty of the city - 3.98 (the highest score of all criteria). Thus, the average indicator of the level of comfort in the city of Kazan in the eyes of residents is 3.19 points.

Having calculated the average indicators of the level of attractiveness of the city, the following result was obtained. Residents of the city highly appreciated the following components:

• the opportunity to get an education - 4.43 points;
• the ability to realize their interests - 3.89 points;
• religious tolerance - 3.76 points;
• lack of discrimination - 3.67 points.

Let us now list the components of the attractiveness of the city, which, according to the residents of the city, received a low score:

• conflict, social tension - 3.49 points;
• information openness - 3.31 points;
• culture of the population - 3.17 points;
• objectivity of city media - 3.17 points;
• trust in city authorities - 2.96 points;
• the opportunity to participate in solving urban problems - 2.89 points;
• the opportunity to get a job - 2.88 points;
• opportunity to do business - 2.13 points.

These parameters of the attractiveness of the city can be attributed to problem points. Thus, the average level of attractiveness of the city of Kazan, including the parameters and its comfort, is 3.3 points.

• maintaining the stability of the urban community through correcting the spontaneous processes of polarization of society, preventing social differentiation in society from exceeding acceptable limits;
• increasing the level of comfort of the city population through improving the environmental situation in the city, improving the quality of roads, expanding green areas in the city, reducing fees for housing and communal services;
• expanding the diversity of jobs to increase job search opportunities;
• maintaining a stable positive social mood in the city through the control of cases of discrimination;
• improving the conditions for doing business;
• development of confidence in the city authorities through active communication work with the citizens of the city;
• increasing the activity of citizens through information work and holding mass urban events for the improvement of the city.

These activities will help increase the attractiveness of the city of Kazan, and, consequently, its competitiveness among million-plus cities.

Reviewers:

Razumovskaya E. M., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head. Department of Management of the Service Sector of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University", Kazan.

Rudolf K. V., Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of State and municipal government FGAO UVPO "Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University", Kazan.

Bibliographic link

Investment attractiveness of the city of Bryansk

The city administration considers the stimulation of the process of attracting investments and creating a favorable investment climate to be the most important direction of its activity, capable of ensuring the dynamic development of the municipality.

The effectiveness of the chosen strategy was confirmed by practice and increased ratings. In 2002, Bryansk was ranked among the best cities in Russia in terms of business climate, surpassing almost all of its neighbors. according to the Central Federal Okrug (Kursk, Tula, Kaluga, Smolensk, Orel), and took 24th position. This was largely facilitated by a stable political climate (13th place). The rating of transport accessibility is high - 13th place, communication security - 17th place. In order to create favorable conditions for attracting investments in the region, a number of legislative acts and normative documents protecting and guaranteeing the rights of investors.

The main competitive advantages of the region, which create the prerequisites for a successful partnership, are:

• advantageous geographical location in the central part of Russia on the border with Belarus and Ukraine;
• the presence of large railway junctions;
• developed network of highways;
• a variety of natural resources, which, combined with the high development of the territory, make it possible to minimize costs in the implementation of investment projects;
• high population density, availability of a highly skilled workforce, which makes it possible to develop a network of labor-intensive industries;
• the commitment of regional authorities to the course of reforms.

In order to achieve economic and social stabilization and create conditions for long-term economic and social development, the sectoral committees and departments of the city administration have developed a program for the socio-economic development of the city, the main subprograms of which are:

• "Updating the rolling stock fleet of passenger automobile (buses) and electric (trolleybuses) transport of the city of Bryansk".
• "Development and support of small business in the city of Bryansk".
• "Ecology".
• "Development of housing and communal services".
• "Development of capital construction".
• "Energy saving".

Structure of investments in fixed assets in 2002

To share own resources account for 44% , involved funds constitute 56% , of which bank loans - 16,3% , budget resources - 30,3% , borrowed funds other organizations - 18,6% .

From big investors investing own funds Bryanskenergo JSC, Bryansk Machine-Building Plant JSC, Bryansk Steel Plant JSC, Bryankonfi JSC, Melkrukk JSC, Bryansksvyazinform JSC, Bryansknefteprodukt JSC, MN JSC " Druzhba, OAO Snezhka Poultry Farm.

Foreign investment

The volume of incoming foreign investments in 2002 amounted to about 411.5 thousand dollars.

Portfolio investments of 165 thousand dollars or 59.9% dominate in the structure of the capital received. Direct investments amounted to 246.5 thousand dollars in or 40.1%. The main investors in 2002 were the following countries: Luxembourg (24.8% of the total volume of investments received), Germany 21.3%, Cyprus (20.8%), Saint Kitts and Nevis (7.2%), Great Britain (6 .3%), Poland (5.3%).

444 thousand dollars of foreign investments were directed to the industry, which accounted for 76.8% of the total volume of foreign investment in the region.

Share of enterprises(organizations) of logistics and sales that have received foreign investment, amounted to 16.1%, trade enterprises - 7.1%. IN territorial structure investment is dominated by the city - 87.3% of all receipts).

1. Creation of a general rating of the attractiveness of cities in the Russian Federation in order to provide an objective comprehensive assessment municipalities of the Russian Federation according to the criteria that determine the level of development of most significant areas of the city's life.

To determine the positive and negative aspects in the development of municipalities;
-to make decisions on strengthening competitive advantage and reduction of negative factors in development;
- to level disproportions in the territorial structure of municipalities in a number of socio-economic factors.

Since the main goals are formulated as theoretical and applied, during their development, a semantic and empirical interpretation of the initial concepts was carried out in accordance with the identified scientific and practical issues, a logical analysis of working hypotheses and the possibility of applied application. Order full version rating: [email protected].

It is allowed to copy, distribute, transfer to third parties, publish or otherwise use materials downloaded from the Site, with a link to the source - www.site

Presentation of the general rating of attractiveness of Russian cities for 2011

K1→ Population dynamics

K2→ Transport infrastructure

K3→ Natural and ecological potential

K4→ Housing affordability

K5→ Housing sector

K6→ Demographics

K7 → Innovative activity

K8→ Engineering infrastructure

K9→ Frames

K10→ Social infrastructure

K11→ Social characteristics of society

K12→ Welfare of citizens

K13→ Economics of cities

Presentation of the general rating of the attractiveness of Russian cities - 2011 in the Plekhanov discussion club

Brief description of the rating

The main factors in strengthening Russia's positions in the international arena are ensuring internal stability and creating necessary conditions for economic growth in each region or growth poles - the supporting centers of the territory. The main unresolved problem hindering the dynamic development of the country is the deep socio-economic differences between individual centers of the Russian Federation and the depressed periphery. Today in Russia, out of 83 subjects, 73 are subsidized, which confirms the presence of significant territorial heterogeneity, determined by a number of indicators. This disproportion arises as a result of significant differences in the standard of living of Russian citizens, the possibilities of their personal and professional development. This situation contributes to the outflow of young people and qualified personnel from regions with a low degree of development and development, which further exacerbates the trend of increasing territorial disproportions, stagnation and degradation of backward territories.

The current situation is due to the specifics of the Russian economy, focused on the export of gas and oil, and is also largely due to the uneven distribution of competitive advantages, including raw materials, demographic and financial. The second unresolved problem is still the high degree of centralization of the state budget policy, which excludes the possibility of budget formation in accordance with the real needs of regions and municipalities. However, it should be noted that today the state is following the path of budget decentralization, which significantly improves the socio-economic microclimate of regions and municipalities.

In accordance with the established system of settlement, cities are the support centers that accumulate the resources of the territory. They are the “face” of the territory of the subject. Thus, the share of the urban population in various subjects ranges from 30% to 100%, with an average for the country of 73.1%. Therefore, it is the improvement of urban space that is key factor development of the territory, improving the quality of life of the population.

The level of interest of Russian cities in improving their economic potential, diversifying the economy and developing effective mechanisms for urban management not only remains high, but also tends to constantly grow. It also clearly traces a trend towards an increase in population mobility, an increase in business movements, educational migration, and a change of residence.

Thus, the need to compare cities according to various criteria, depending on specific goals, is obvious. It is precisely such a comparison tool that is the general rating of the attractiveness of Russian cities, developed by Russian Union Engineers (RSI). The project is a comprehensive rating with a significant coverage of cities: it takes into account all settlements with a population of more than 100 thousand people and characteristics of the socio-economic infrastructure.

The selection of criteria for comparing cities in the rating is strictly balanced, based on a comprehensive coverage of the urban economy and an analysis of the living conditions of the population in the city. Calculation of indicators is carried out on the basis of a number of statistical, mathematical and qualimetric methods.

The main scope of this rating extends to federal and municipal authorities that need information to evaluate current state municipal economy, determining the efficiency of the work of certain structures and the degree of implementation of specific projects or programs, as well as entrepreneurs and investors to make decisions about work, investments in the territory of a particular municipality, understanding the economic and institutional climate in the territory of the municipality, assessing potential risks, etc. This project is also of great interest to the general public, for those who are interested in the problems of development of the country, region or a single city.

• Mission of the General Rating of the Attractiveness of Russian Cities

Presenting useful research information on the state of attractiveness of Russian cities. The rating was prepared on the basis of an analysis of information provided in open sources of information. Basically, the materials Federal Service state statistics, websites of ministries, departments and individual research structures. On the basis of statistical indicators, integral indicators are derived that are necessary for an objective comparison of cities.

Creation of a tool that supports urban development by identifying the advantages and limitations that contribute to development. The integral assessment method used and the set of indicators make it possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of cities.

Development of an analytical base of interest to executive authorities, business structures and the public, helping to assess the situation and make the right decision. The developed rating is the basis for creating comprehensive and sectoral strategies for the development of municipalities (cities), as well as the basis for creating regional business strategies for companies specializing in the network business. For the population, the rating is primarily interesting for the possibility of comparing living conditions, housing affordability and other opportunities.

• Purpose and objectives of the study

2.Creating an effective application tool:

To determine the negative and positive aspects in the development of municipalities;
- to make decisions on strengthening competitive advantages and reducing negative factors in development;
- to level disproportions in the territorial structure of municipalities in a number of socio-economic factors.

3. Determination of growth poles in the country - in terms of conditions favorable for the life of the population, doing business, investing in real estate, etc.

4. Description of the existing hierarchical structure of cities and their typology.

5.Organization of an integrated system for analyzing the socio-economic indicators of cities, which makes it possible to compare them, as well as conducting analytical studies to identify trends in socio-economic development.

Since the main goals are formulated as theoretical and applied, during their development, a semantic and empirical interpretation of the initial concepts was carried out in accordance with the identified scientific and practical issues, a logical analysis of working hypotheses and the possibility of applied application.

To achieve the goals set, the following tasks are defined:

1. Conducting an analysis of existing domestic and foreign methods and practices for comparing the subjects of the administrative-territorial division of macroregions and countries.

2. Conducting a comprehensive study and defining the criteria and basic indicators for assessing cities by means of selected theoretical and methodological disciplines related to the assessment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the objects under study.

3. Creation of an identical methodological apparatus for compiling the rating, based on the best domestic and foreign practices, using our own developments.

4. Development of a methodology for a comprehensive comparative rating of cities based on the application and calculation of a system of economic indicators.

5. Formation of a system of economic indicators that comprehensively characterize the functioning of cities.

6. Calculations of integral indicators, indices and groups of indices in accordance with the developed methodological apparatus.

7. Selection of typical groups (typology) of objects according to a number of characteristics, indication of general trends and differences in their development, identification of characteristic individual differences, analysis of the results obtained.

8. Creation of a mechanism for monitoring the socio-economic situation of the objects under study.

9. Creation of a demonstration analytical material based on the results of the work done.

10. Provision of research materials to all interested parties.

Subject of research is a set of cities in Russia, the population of which exceeds 100 thousand people. According to the All-Russian population census of 2010, there are 165 such cities in the country. At the same time, 164 cities are considered in the rating, due to the lack of statistical data on ZATO Seversk, Tomsk region.

As research objects the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cities, reflecting the main parameters of their functioning, come forward.

Theoretical and methodological the basis of the study are the scientific theories of domestic and foreign authors, world practices of ranking, legislative and normative base, documents of government and departmental structures that determine the strategic policy in various areas of urban activity (strategies of socio-economic development, investment passports).

Main research methods: systemic, factorial, balance, economic and statistical, as well as methods of qualimetric assessment and other general scientific methods.

• Competitive advantages of the general rating of the attractiveness of Russian cities

• Assessment Independence


• Scientific approach

  The peculiarity of this rating lies in the application of scientific approaches both in the selection of indicators for the rating and in their calculation. An integrated methodological apparatus based on the principles of economic and statistical analysis and the use of qualimetry methods has been developed for processing and analyzing information.



• Well-developed methodological apparatus

  The rating uses a unique methodological apparatus, including on the basis of qualimetry. The elements of qualimetric analysis (changes and estimates) were used to consider qualitative indicators, which, like quantitative ones, need to be clearly interpreted. This made it possible to translate the qualitative characteristics of the studied objects into numerical values, with which further work is carried out to compile the rating.



• Use of expert judgments

  The work used the method of peer review based on a survey of a group of 50 experts, which included members of the scientific community, business representatives (from ordinary employees to top managers), real estate analysts, banking and civil servants.



• Complexity and systematic approach

  Achieving a comprehensive approach is ensured through the use of a wide range of indicators in the main areas economic activity city ​​and a group of factors that determine the city's development potential (engineering infrastructure, transport, economic base, etc.). Work with information and statistical data of the project is strictly systematic. To obtain the final results of the rating, a hierarchy of levels was specially developed, in which all indicators are consistently reduced to a single metric system. Each subsequent indicator of the hierarchical system has a systemic rationale, expressed through the lower indicators. Calculations in each thematic group are carried out by analogy with other blocks. Anyone can get acquainted with the indicators of a higher order and with the data of lower levels of the system hierarchy.



• Depth of study

  The rating is characterized by the depth of study, limited only by the volume and quality of information that is publicly available (statistical information, reports municipal authorities authorities, etc.). In comparison with other analogues, the general attractiveness rating of Russian cities is characterized by a wide range of indicators used.



• Depth of sampling of research objects

  The rating is large-scale work, where all Russian cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people were taken as the object of study. According to the All-Russian Population Census of 2010 in Russia, there were 165 cities.



• Wide range of applications

  The project has a wide range of applications and is of both scientific and practical interest in various areas activities - economics, politics, management, management by human resourses, marketing, international relations, strategic planning etc.



• Analysis of results

  The project is a comprehensive work on the collection and systematization of statistical data and analysis of the results. The initial statistical data were subjected to a critical evaluation and analysis, reflecting cause-and-effect relationships, the degree of dependence of indicators on each other and mutual influence. This facilitates the process of perception and extraction of useful information when getting acquainted with the results of the study. The analysis of rating information significantly increases the degree of potential use of this project.

• Methodology for assessing the socio-economic development of cities in the Russian Federation and building a general rating of the attractiveness of cities

As a key method for calculating the attractiveness property of cities, a quality assessment technique borrowed from qualimetry is used. , where several approaches to quality quantification have been developed.

The method used in this work is based on the following principles:

• attractiveness is a set of only those properties of an object that are associated with the result achieved with its help (but not with the costs incurred) and which are manifested in the process of managing the object in accordance with its purpose;


• some complex and any simple properties can be measured using the absolute property index Q_1, (i = 1, n, where n is the number of properties of the object being evaluated). The obtained values ​​of the Q index are expressed in units specific to each property. Metrological, expert, analytical methods can be used for measurements;


• all properties that form quality form a hierarchical structure in the form of a tree of properties. The lower tier of this tree (the root of the tree) represents the most complex property - the quality of the object, and the branches of the higher tier represent simple and quasi-simple properties;

To compare different properties measured in scales of different ranges and dimensions, the relative dimensionless indicator K_1 is used, which reflects the degree of approximation of the absolute indicator of the property Q_1 to the maximum Q_max and minimum Q_min indicators. The relative indicator is described by the dependence K_1=f(Q_min,…,Q_1,…,Q_max), which can be represented by the normalizing function

K_1=(Q_1-Q_min)/(Q_max-Q_min).

To compare the relative importance of all properties included in the "property tree", dimensionless weight coefficients G_1 are used. For convenience, it is usually accepted that , and .

The values ​​of weight coefficients are determined using varieties of expert and non-expert (analytical) methods. In this work, we used both methods (discussed below). To determine the relative weight, the method of an expert survey of 50 specialists from various industries and fields of activity, various social and professional positions was used.

Thus, the quantitative assessment of the quality K_k is expressed using the following formula , where

K_ef=1 for all indices that form the final general index of attractiveness of cities.

Directly General Urban Attractiveness Index (GIGI) is calculated as the geometric mean of all characteristics.

The key problem of selecting the minimum set of properties (indicators) that form the quality of an object is solved through a functional-typological analysis based on considering quality as a system of objective properties, as well as based on the amount of initial information (statistical and open sources).

Thus, the groups of indicators that form the indices fully meet the requirements of sufficiency and independence.

The assessment of cities was carried out in the following areas: demographic and social characteristics of society, development of the urban economy, welfare of citizens, innovative and entrepreneurial activity, housing affordability, development of the housing sector, the state of engineering communications and transport infrastructure, development of the social services sector, natural and environmental situation.

The data of the statistical collection “Regions of Russia. Key Socio-Economic Indicators of Cities” of the Federal State Statistics Service, the electronic database “Indicators of Municipalities” of the Federal State Statistics Service, official data of local authorities, information provided on the websites of relevant ministries, departments, agencies, as well as other open sources of information.

The values ​​of indicators of municipal statistics are analyzed according to the data for 2010. The choice of the period is due to the fact that in 2010 the negative consequences of the crisis in most cities were overcome and the influence of "external" factors on the performance of municipalities was insignificant. In addition, 2010 was the last year of officially reported statistical information.

Based on an expert survey of 50 respondents representing various social circles and age groups, the following distribution of weight coefficients was obtained.

Thus, the most important characteristic in determining the degree of attractiveness of the city is the actual dynamics of the population, clearly showing the true preferences of people and objective factors urban development. On the one hand, people flock to highly developed cities with good living conditions, on the other hand, the influx of population contributes to economic development. This thesis is confirmed by the all-Russian trend of growth of the majority of million-plus cities and degradation of small settlements. Therefore, the significance of the population dynamics index is the highest.

Economic development and the level of income (welfare) of the population are also the basic characteristics of the attractiveness of the city. Financial self-sufficiency of the city economy and availability Money in the population leads to the development of the consumer sector, social sphere, services and improves the quality of life of the population.

The social characteristics of the development of the city (social well-being, demography), as the resulting indicators, have the least weight in the overall rating, since, according to many experts, they are more the result of the processes taking place in society than the factors determining the development of the territory. In this case, indirect influence of these factors is possible.

Housing affordability is the resulting indicator of household income growth, demand for housing and development of the real estate market.

The development of communications has historically been the main factor in the economic and cultural development of cities. Cities grew successfully only in the presence of constant communication with the external space: trade and crafts were improved, and local power was strengthened. The rise of the USSR was characterized by a significant development of transport infrastructure. And in modern Russia, communication between cities is constantly being modernized and improved - a network of roads is developing, airports are being built. Therefore, transport infrastructure is of high importance in the overall assessment of the city.

Natural and ecological conditions also play a significant role in choosing a city. Only the possibility of earning a lot of money can force a person to live in extreme natural and climatic conditions. In part, this factor hinders the development of most of the Siberian region of Russia.