A metallurgist is not a profession, it is a whole range of specialties associated with the production of metal and its processing in a hot state. Therefore, we can openly say that a metallurgist sounds proud.

Metallurgy as an independent branch of production arose in the early centuries, somewhere in the 6th century AD. From the very moment when man learned to smelt metal from ore.

The ability to manufacture metal products gave huge economic and military advantages to peoples over each other.

And at the moment, the importance of the metallurgical industry plays a huge role in the economy of many countries, bringing up to 50% of income to the state budget of such countries. This means that specialties related to this field of human activity are among the most sought-after professions.

Main specialties in the metallurgical industry

The main specialties in the metallurgical industry include:

• steelmaker;
• assistant steelworker;
• laboratory assistant;
• rolling mill operator;
• stamping equipment operator;
• technologist for the main process;
• production technologist;
• and many more related to the main production.

Profession metallurgist - fiery profession

It is not for nothing that the profession of a metallurgist is called fiery, because the process of obtaining metal from ore, scrap metal and charge takes place at temperatures of about 1000 degrees Celsius. Therefore, it is impossible to call it comfortable, especially in the summer heat. Hence, the main specialists in the industry are men, although there are always workplace- laboratory assistant, standardizer, technologist.

Work at blast furnaces and stamping hammers is not only very hot, but also very hard, in a purely physical sense. It is not in vain that work in such production is carried out by complex teams. In converter furnaces, work is much cleaner and more pleasant, because there is no open fire.

"Delicate" industries of metallurgy

And there are generally “gentle” branches of metallurgy, where even the majority of workers are women. This is the smelting of precious and light metals. Remember, after all, the temperatures for obtaining such metals are an order of magnitude lower, and the production volumes are certainly not the same. The main disadvantage of this profession is its narrow specialization which has little in common with other industries. But a person who once saw how molten metal boils and flows remains in the profession - forever.

(about professions in metallurgy)

guide

Release 7

Among the harsh professions one
There is a profession - a lot more severe,
Where hardening and strength is important,
And courage is one of the conditions.

For several tens of centuries, metals have worthily served humanity, helping it to subdue the elements, create various mechanisms, explore outer and sea space, and penetrate deep into the earth. In general, the whole industry is engaged in taking some of the components in nature and making from it what a person needs. The branch of industry that manufactures state-of-the-art technology from metal materials is called metallurgy.

In 2010, metallurgy wrote a new page in the history of the Abinsk region - the Abinsk Electrometallurgical Plant was opened. Here's what the chapter says about him municipality Abinsk district A.V. Vasiliev: "Metallurgy - new industry not only for the region, but also for the region. Abinsk Electrometallurgical Plant is the firstborn. It is equipped with a fifth generation rolling mill. There is no such thing anywhere in Russia. Literally everything is automated here. That is why every employee here is required to concentrate attention and thoughtfulness of each action.

Yes, it would be impossible to ensure the operation of this enterprise without metallurgists. Therefore, the plant needs qualified specialists. If you have not yet decided on the choice of your profession, if you have willpower, determination, hard work - then this profession is for you. After all, there are no uninteresting professions.

The profession of a metallurgist cannot be called easy ...

A metallurgist is a person who works in the industry of metal production from rocks and scrap metal. The metallurgist must have technical specialty. We must not forget that the metallurgist deals with hot metal and his profession does not exclude hard physical labor, unusual situations that require instant reaction and determination. It is for courageous and strong-willed people who are not afraid of difficulties and achieve their goals.

The Guide (Issue 7) is dedicated to professions in metallurgy, which brought together people with different specialties: foremen, gasmen, plumbers, machinists, furnace workers, steelworkers and a long list of workers. Here is a story about some of them.

A modern furnace is a complex metallurgical unit with a height of several tens of floors. The leading profession here is the hearth of a blast furnace. He is the first who in the blast-furnace production takes the baton from the miners iron ore. It is on his skill and experience that success or failure most often depends. large team blast furnace workers.

Furnaces work as part of a team whose main goal is to more economically technological process smelting, and to release pig iron and slag from the blast furnace in a timely manner.

The requirements for people who want to master this profession are somewhat higher compared to other specialties. They must be in good health and highly reliable as part of a team, since

one mistake can cost too much for all those who maintain the blast furnace.

The work of the furnaces is dynamic in nature, as the team members are constantly moving around the working site (along the perimeter of the blast furnace), observing through special viewing eyes the progress of the technological process of producing pig iron. This profession is subject only to people who are courageous, courageous and reliable in their work.

After blast-furnace production, steelmaking occupies the second link in general cycle metallurgical industry.

The team serving the converter, open-hearth or electric furnace, depending on the capacity of the furnaces, consists of a steelmaker and his assistants (first, second, third).

The team has a clear division of responsibilities between its members. The duty of the steelmaker is to supervise the work of assistants, control over the correct implementation of their practical methods for maintaining the furnace, ensuring cost-effective and progressive technology steelmaking, observance of furnace modes, production schedule of a given steel grade or special alloys.

Steelworkers are usually workers highly qualified. They have to delve into all the details, thoroughly know the technological process of smelting steel of each grade, together with the master technologist, quickly make a decision on which the further "life" of the metal depends. The work of a steelmaker is not easy, but honorable.

The steel caster is, as it were, a co-author of the steelmaker in the steelmaking process. Molten liquid steel in a steelmaking furnace is not yet a finished product. It is also necessary to make sure that during solidification, or crystallization, it takes the form of castings or ingots, which are suitable for further processing.

Casters must know the technological process of pouring steel, the composition and properties of refractory materials used for the internal lining of steel-pouring ladles and for the manufacture of stoppers. They need to master the design and principle of operation of the locking mechanism, as well as the types of molds for various grades of steel smelted in the shop. The work of a pourer is quite diverse and requires proper planning and simultaneous consideration of various factors. Such factors, on which the quality of steel casting, are the brand and temperature of the steel being cast, the size of the ladle, molds, the configuration of the mold for shaped castings, and some others.

The profession of a steel pourer requires self-control, determination, quickness, but not fussiness. He must have a firm hand and an accurate eye.

Metal processing at a rolling mill is carried out by rotating rolls and rollers (hence the name of the professions), between which ingots are rolled under pressure.

Cold metal roller in non-ferrous metallurgy rolls titanium, tungsten, molybdenum and zirconium alloys, as well as different kinds foil.

In accordance with the course of the technological process, first the roller prepares the mill for work for rolling metal of a certain profile. He does this as part of a locksmith and repair team.

The main types of work of a roller miller are: rolling foil, strips, sheets and strips, controlling the operation of the mill, measuring and monitoring the profile of products, removing the roll after rolling, repairing.

The feeling of admiration for the work of the roller covers everyone who visits the rolling mill and watches the process of turning a rough ingot slowly floating along a roller table into a beautiful, elegant foil or strip. And this process is controlled by a highly skilled worker - a cold metal roller!

Unlike a rolling mill, a rolling mill works with hot metal, which is heated in ring furnaces with a system for loading and unloading ingots. The renter sets the oven mode, maintains and controls it. After heating, the metal is delivered to the rolls of the rolling mill using a roller table.

Professional knowledge, abilities and skills, abilities and skills necessary to work as a hot metal roller are formed in vocational schools and consolidated in practice in the workshops of the base enterprise. In addition to the main profession, the rolling mill has the skills and abilities of a 2nd category repairman, since he has to participate in the work of the team for the installation, dismantling and repair of not only the rolling mill, but also other auxiliary mechanisms. Some of the work is done manually with a hand tool. And here, excellent physical training will also be of great help to the rolling worker.

Many difficulties await those who choose this profession. But everything is redeemed by a sense of satisfaction if the choice turned out to be a genuine recognition.

melter

Metals and alloys are melted by a skilled worker - a smelter. This profession is the main one in metallurgy. The smelter must know the chemical processes that take place in furnaces during smelting and the requirements for them. The quality of the finished metal depends on all this.

The melter is at the workplace during the entire time of melting the metal. First, he prepares the melting furnace for work.

The melter must be aware of various parameters: for example, the moisture content of the filling mass and the speed of its release. He also prepares ores, concentrates for smelting, for which he makes various mixtures of materials (charge) in certain proportions for subsequent processing in furnaces.

After refueling and starting up the furnace, the smelter is the absolute owner of the smelting until its completion.

The metal is poured into molds - molds - and transported for storage.

Strong, strong young people who love the element of fire, who want to create products necessary for people, are invited to receive this profession.

Technician - technologist of blast-furnace production

Technician - technologist of blast-furnace production, according to the level of qualification, belongs to the middle link engineering workers. They need not only technical knowledge, but also the ability to work individually with people, it is economically profitable to conduct the entire technological process with the help of technology.

The mental activity of a blast-furnace production technologist is inextricably linked with his practical actions. In his work, he is always helped by such qualities as resourcefulness, ingenuity, ingenuity, original and prompt solutions to constantly arising production problems during the shift. A feature of visual perception is the ability to determine the temperature of the metal by color, by the nature of the behavior of sparks (when the melt is released) - an approximate chemical composition cast iron, etc.

If we talk about other personality traits that he needs, then we note the following: endurance, patience, composure and efficiency, tact and self-control.

Crane operator in metallurgical production

The owner of the workshop is called the crane operator in the workshops metallurgical production. The driver has a lot of worries: it is necessary to deliver the molds for pouring the finished metal, move the semi-finished products for revision, send the defective part of the rolling mill for repair and take out the unused electrolyzer anode.

In the pig iron shop, the machinist, with the help of a crane, does almost everything related to the smelting of pig iron: transports the chutes for pouring pig iron, installs and builds up the electrodes of the electric furnace, loads the charge in the furnace, replaces the slag bowls and performs many other works. Not only the ability to perform various work on lifting and transporting goods distinguishes the activity of a crane operator. A worker in this profession should be well versed in the construction of various types of cranes.

Transportation of goods is carried out over the sections of the workshop where people work, and the work of the driver in these conditions imposes a great responsibility on his activities.

The crane operator must have good eyesight, an accurate eye, excellent hearing and a stable vestibular apparatus.

This profession is contraindicated for those who are afraid of heights, lost in critical situations.

metal heater

The main character in the work on all types of furnaces is the metal heater. His duties include heating metal, various pipes and mandrels, regulating the supply of fuel and air.

The activity of the worker-heater begins with the preparation of the furnace. He is well versed in all the intricacies associated with the device and repair of the furnace: he knows different types refractories and others building materials used in repairs, is able to disassemble the furnace masonry, replaces failed burners and other worn parts. In addition, he knows how to repair auxiliary mechanisms of the furnace: conveyors, conveyors, etc. Then the cares of the heater are connected with the preparation of raw materials for heating.

After preparing the metal for heating, it is necessary to transport it to the furnace. Here the heater needs a good orientation to production area. Then comes the moment when you need to supply fuel to the nozzle or burner and ignite it. The heater, controlling the handles and levers of mechanized devices, supplies oil products to the furnace. With the help of measuring devices, the heater constantly monitors the flow of fuel into the furnace.

What character traits are needed for a future metal heater? Good physical fitness healthy mind, excellent vision.

The profession of a metal heater is for courageous and strong-willed people who are not afraid of difficulties and achieve their goals.

Blast furnace metallurgical engineer

The merits of domestic scientists - blast furnace operators in our country and abroad are great. Great demands on a modern engineer. A person who has chosen the profession of a metallurgical engineer, first of all, needs to know well such disciplines as chemistry, physics, mathematics, basics computer science. This specialty can be obtained at metallurgical institutes, at the metallurgical faculties of polytechnics or other institutes.

Future engineers study a large number of general scientific and special disciplines. In addition, specialists in the field of design and operation of modern blast-furnace production at the institute are given in-depth knowledge of the economics of metallurgical enterprises, the basics of pedagogy and the sociology of relationships labor collective and leader.

Where should the future metallurgist go to study?

• North Caucasian Mining and Metallurgical Institute SKGMI (STU)
  Vladikavkaz, Nikolaeva st., 44
  www.skgmi-gtu.ru
• Chelyabinsk Metallurgical College
  Chelyabinsk, st. Bohdan Khmelnitsky, 12
  www.metkol.ru
• Moscow State Evening Metallurgical Institute
  Moscow, Lefortovsky Val.26
  www.mgvmi.ru
• Institute of Applied Metallurgy
  Yekaterinburg, st. Khokhryakova, 104

BBK 74.200.52

People of the fiery profession: (about professions in metallurgy): guidebook / Abinsk library; department of methodological and bibliographic work, information technologies and legal information; comp. HE. Legacheva. - Issue. 7. - Abinsk, 2011. - 12 p.

Skilled workers for the metallurgical industry - hearth blast furnaces, improvised steelworkers, rolling workers, smelters produce vocational schools.

In 1975, there were 104 vocational schools operating in the country, in which more than 40,000 future metallurgists were trained. Of these, 34 schools produced highly qualified metallurgists with a secondary education. In the ferrous metallurgy, about 9% of new skilled workers from the total number are trained annually through individual and team training and through course network organized by enterprises. Every year they improve their skills at factories, studying advanced labor methods and new technology, 250-300 thousand people.

Different paths lead to the metallurgical profession, there are different skill levels. Accordingly, there are various forms of preparation for these specialties. For example, a vocational school, a technical school, an institute. You can enter a vocational school after the age of eight. In terms of the level of training, a technical school approaches a technical school, and after graduating from one of these educational institutions You can continue your education and improve your skills.

In the field of metallurgy, there are still many difficult problems, in the study and solution of which many people participate: research scientists, engineers-inventors, workers-innovators. All metallurgists must contribute to the improvement of their branch of technology.

They say that the most the best profession they call the one to which they devote all their strength, energy, knowledge. The authority of a profession largely depends on how we treat it ourselves. “If you successfully choose work and put your soul into it, then happiness will find you itself,” wrote K. D. Ushinsky. What kind of metallurgical profession to give preference?

AT modern production three main metallurgical professions can be distinguished: a blast furnace worker, a steel smelter and a rolling mill. They, in turn, are divided into a large number of specialties.

The blast furnace worker stands at the beginning of the metallurgical cycle. He is the first to meet the fiery rivers of smelted iron and directs them into huge ladles. Covering his face with a shield, a person commands the fiery element here. It is beautiful, exciting, but also responsible, requires strong character, perseverance.

There are various specialists in the blast-furnace shop - gasmen, furnacemen and plumbers, drivers of scale cars and ore cranes, foremen, technologists. But the leading one among them is the hearth - a person who works at the hearth, where the cast iron flowing down from above accumulates. To become a horn, you need to master a wide range of technical knowledge: to study theoretical basis blast furnace process, chemical and physical properties of cast iron and slag, blast furnace installation, equipment and mechanisms at the hearth.

The blast furnace in a shift is served by several hearths. The head furnace and his henchmen, before releasing the melt, use a special electric drilling machine to drill a clay plug in a cast-iron tap-hole. A fiery stream of metal noisily flows through the foundry yard and falls into the ladle with a roar. It immediately becomes light: thousands of sparks rise up, like a salute.

Moving between the gutters, the furnaces "show" the way to the cast iron, disperse the dams. When all the cast iron flows out, the electric gun will again clog the tap hole with a clay plug. Between releases, the furnaces prepare the site for the next heat, check and ensure the serviceability of the devices and mechanisms at the furnace, the availability of filling materials, tools, monitor the instruments.

A steelmaker and his henchmen smelt steel. From the art of individual masters to the science of steelmaking - this is the path of metallurgy.

The personal skill of the steelmaker has not lost its significance even now. The metal sample taken in the furnace is sent by pneumatic mail to the express laboratory for analysis. But even before laboratory analysis, an experienced steelmaker can determine what kind of steel is being made - by how the bath boils, what the sample looks like at a break, what sparks fly up at the moment when the metal from the test spoon is poured onto the plate.

Many control and measuring devices monitor the operation of open-hearth and electric steel-smelting furnaces. The steelmaker and his henchmen must understand the language of these devices and take them into account in their work. The assistant steelworkers monitor the correct filling of the charge, which is carried out by the operator of the charging machine, pour pig iron, take samples, and drain the slag. Taking part in all the maintenance of the furnace, the assistant is constantly learning - preparing to become a steelmaker.

Henchmen, as well as furnace workers, are trained both in vocational schools and at metallurgical plants. In addition to the profession, the young worker also receives a secondary general education- the basis for continuing metallurgical education.

The converter operator, the first and second assistants - this is the team serving the converter - the most economical unit for the mass production of cast steel.

The distribution of duties here is the same as on the open-hearth furnace. The brigade is watching temperature regime, melting steel, condition of the bottom of the converter, sampling, etc.

Converters must perfectly determine the readiness of the melt by the color of the flame and other signs, according to appearance liquid iron to find out its temperature, to study instrumentation and steelmaking technology.

The welder prepares ingots for rolling by heating them in heating furnaces or wells up to 1250°C. There are three drivers at the blooming control post: two are working, the third is resting. The work is stressful to the limit. They sit in soft chairs: their hands are on the control levers, their feet are on the pedals. Hands in continuous motion - they control the rolling of ingots. The rolling mill is serviced by a team consisting of a senior roller operator, a roller operator, and an assistant roller operator. They continue rolling billets produced by blooming. The rolled metal is transported by roller conveyors to the warehouse, where it is stacked with the help of cranes by workers for cleaning hot metal.

In metallurgy, as nowhere else in the industry, everything is closely interconnected. If steelmakers do not receive hot iron from blast furnace workers in time, they will delay smelting, and rolling mills will be left without steel ingots, which will lead to mill downtime. That's why getting to know different professions necessary in general for every metallurgist.

Our book will tell you about the main thing that connects all metallurgical professions - about iron, a metal that is mined and processed by metallurgists of all specialties. The word "iron" usually denotes the totality of ferrous metals, iron and steel products. A person who chooses a metallurgical profession needs to know more about this metal, about what is connected with its history and production, processing and use.

The reader will find in the book interesting information about the properties of iron and its alloys, learn the biography of iron things. Get acquainted with ancient legends about iron, with some newest professions, with its role in the scientific and technological revolution, will look into the future of metallurgy.

A steelmaker is a worker in the metallurgical industry, specializing in the smelting of steel from cast iron.

Wage

35.000–40.000 rubles (worka.yandex.ru)

Place of work

The work of a steelmaker is carried out in the steel shop of a metallurgical plant.

Responsibilities

The essence of the work of a steelmaker is the smelting of steel from cast iron. The first differs from the second in a lower content of silicon, carbon and other impurities. This gives steel a special strength and elasticity.

A steelmaker works in a steel furnace. These can be oxygen converters, vacuum or open-hearth furnaces, electric arc furnaces. The specialist does not perform the entire process himself, he is assisted by a team of subordinates. The steelmaker can monitor the converter temperature, air and oxygen supply.

Important qualities

In the profession of a steelmaker, such qualities are important as: responsibility, attentiveness and organization, physical endurance and good health.

Reviews about the profession

“A young specialist can choose the sought-after profession of a steelworker's assistant with a salary of about 25,000 rubles. If desired, he can improve his skills and become a steelmaker. In this case, his duties will include the smelting of steels of various grades, casting molds, maintenance and Maintenance ovens. A steelmaker needs physical endurance, responsibility, patience, accuracy and perseverance in work. Organizational skills are also important, as the profession involves leading a team.”

Editor of the portal ucheba.ru.

stereotypes, humor

Traditionally male profession in demand and well paid. The profession involves official duties in extreme conditions, which does not tolerate a soft character and leaves its mark on the personality.

Education

To become a steelworker, you must pass vocational training at a specialized college or technical school.

Details Updated: 12/07/2019 08:18 Published: 03/05/2017 17:26

A steelmaker is a worker who specializes in metallurgy, in particular the production of steel from cast iron. The production of steel is the second production stage in the iron and steel industry. It is preceded by the production of pig iron in a blast furnace.

Story:

People were engaged in metal melting 4 thousand years ago. At first, they mined non-ferrous metals, and later they began to extract ferrous metals, eventually inventing alloys.

Features of the profession (technology):

Each full-cycle metal plant has its own blast furnace, so the workers receive pig iron immediately in liquid form. If it is delivered from another place, it comes in the form of a so-called. "ingots", which after that also go to the smelter.

The main difference between steel and cast iron is the lower content of components such as carbon, silicon, etc. in steel. However, it is precisely this feature that makes steel so strong and flexible. During melting, all unnecessary components contained in the steel are converted into slag. Cast iron made in different blast furnaces may differ slightly in chemical structure.

Responsibilities:

All work takes place in the steel shop of the metal plant. The duties of a steelworker include working on various types of smelting furnaces. To date, open-hearth furnaces are almost never used, so smelting has to be done on a converter, an electric smelter or a vacuum version.

First, liquid metal is mixed in a special mixer trolley on the way to the smelter. A sample is taken from the cast iron mixture for chemical analysis, which is carried out using a special device in the form of a ladle.

Today, spectrometers are used to quickly analyze alloys: they determine the composition by evaluating the waves emitted by the alloy. The results obtained are shown on the display.

The steelmaker manages the smelting process, he has a team of henchmen under his command. (Handy is a job worth starting your own career in the steel industry).

For example, a steelmaker at a converter plant observes the readings of the devices and decides which additives should be used and how much. He also monitors the heating of the converter plant, regulates the air and oxygen supply, etc.

In the oxygen-converter method, in addition to molten iron, scrap is used. The very melting of steel begins with the laying of scrap. Next, molten iron is poured in and oxygen blowing is performed. In addition, additional additives are added leading to a chemical reaction, which results in slag. The steel produced is re-examined (a sample is taken and sent to the laboratory).

If the analysis shows the readiness of the steel alloy, it is poured into a ladle and sent to the next shop for pouring and production of blanks, and the converter is prepared for subsequent smelting.

Monitors are no substitute for direct observation. An experienced steelmaker can learn a lot from the specifics of the cooling of the sample, its appearance at the break, as well as the boiling of the alloy in the bath. In addition, a team of steelworkers is required to monitor the condition of melting plants, equipment and baths. For example, the integrity of the lining of the furnace inside (lining) is of great importance.

That is why all the work of a steelworker takes place right at the converter, where it is always very hot, because even at a decent distance from the furnace, the temperature is kept at 50-60°C.

To protect against overheating, steelmakers wear overalls and special headgear. True, such equipment quickly becomes unusable in shop conditions. It must be replaced at least once every 6 months. Specialized goggles protect the steelworkers' eyes from the blinding glow of the bubbling alloy. Workers need to drink plenty of water at all times to stay hydrated. Also, this profession involves continuous exposure to noise from operating installations.

Specialty implies the ability to withstand difficult conditions. But in the current production, a steelmaker working in the shop can count on comfortable conditions and rest after a working day. Also, this profession allows its owners to retire earlier.

Important qualities:

This specialty requires responsible, disciplined, attentive, independent and physically strong people.Since the steel industry is constantly evolving, the worker must be able to quickly learn new things.

Skills and knowledge:

The steelmaker is obliged to understand the technology and intricacies of steel melting, the internal structure and principles of using a melting furnace, the chemical and physical characteristics of the metals and additives used, as well as the basic principles of electrical engineering at a level not lower than an electrician.

He is also obliged to observe safety precautions when working in workshop conditions, and be able to independently provide first aid if necessary.

Prospects and career:

The worker can increase his rank, which will increase the salary. Also, an employee can rise to the senior shift. But to make a really good career, you need to graduate from a university. In this case, you can become the head of the shop or the head of production, or even the director of the plant.