Trailer production as one of the startup options. Requirements for trailers Production of car trailers as a business

Trailers for cars are a separate dream of many car owners. Thanks to a light trailer, an ordinary car turns into a small truck capable of transporting up to a ton of payload, of course, depending on the carrying capacity of the cart. And, as they say, if there is a demand for such devices, there will be offers from manufacturers. Many entrepreneurs have a business idea - production of light trailers. Consider the organization of such a business production in more detail.

Business - production of trailers for cars

The production of trailers itself is not difficult. It consists in the reliable assembly of prefabricated elements: wheels, drawbar, electrical wiring, chassis or suspension axle. Everything is going around, directly, the cargo body. The cargo body is welded according to a preliminary drawing from square pipes. The sides and floor are sheathed with any sheet material - from chipboard to galvanized metal sheet. Technically, such production can be organized in any garage by several locksmiths and welders. Even one person is able to assemble a normal light trailer with his own hands in 20-30 days.

However, the production of trailers itself is only a small part of this voluminous business. The business of manufacturing light trailers cannot be considered as such if there are no state certificates (passports) for your products. And that's why.

A car light trailer is part of a vehicle, which means it must be approved for use on public roads. This admission is handled by the local traffic police, which has such powers. The trailer is registered as a new vehicle and receives numbers state registration. Therefore, the trailer must have documentary justification for obtaining state registration marks and documents. How to get them?

What is needed for state registration of homemade light trailers

It all comes down to two simple but very capacious steps.

1. Having assembled your own car trailer, you must contact the MREO traffic police at the place of residence. Where you will receive a referral to undergo an examination in a specialized accredited laboratory that carries out certification tests of specific types of products in the Certification System for motor vehicles and trailers. The examination is paid.

If you use ready-made parts, during the examination you may be asked to provide certificates for spare parts, assemblies and parts that are part of the trailer. Drawings and other documents may also be required, a list of which you can check with the traffic police or the laboratory. Certification is carried out only for new vehicles (components) put into circulation for the first time.

2. After successfully passing the examination, you will receive an examination certificate and a certificate of conformity for your transport device.

With this certificate, trailers of your production will be able to register with the traffic police without any problems.

The average cost of certification is 15-25 thousand rubles. The term is from 5 to 15 days.

The procedure described above concerns the registration of one homemade trailer. If you plan to produce 1-2 trailers per month, you can go through the certification procedure every time and pay 15-25 thousand rubles each time. But, when it comes to mass production, which you plan to open, it is desirable to minimize all bureaucracy. That is, eliminate the mandatory certification of each of your homemade trailers. And to certify production completely. How to do it?

Certification of mass production of light vehicle trailers

AT Russian Federation and member countries Customs Union not allowed use of vehicle technology without OTTS - vehicle type approval. Therefore, for light trailers, it is also necessary to obtain OTTS. The category of these trailers in the certification system is O1. In this category, you will receive OTTS.

With a OTTS for your production of light trailers, you will complete each new product with a unique VIN number and a vehicle passport (PTS). The VIN must be applied in a reliable manner to the trailer frame. It can be stamping, laser engraving and the like.

What a Trailer Manufacturer Needs to Get a VIN Number for a Trailer

1. It is necessary to collect a package of documents according to the following list:

application of the established form;
a technical description of the general nature of the trailer, a list of marked elements of the trailer: tires, headlights, coupling device, drawings, photographs;
prepare specifications(TU) and trailer operation manual.

With these documents, you need to pass laboratory tests and certification, which we wrote about above. But, in this case, the pre-production product passes the test. Such studies will cost an order of magnitude more expensive.

2. After successful testing of the pre-production sample, you can go further. And re-assemble the package of documents. For mass production of light trailers and assigning VIN codes to them with the issuance of a TCP, your production must have an international manufacturer code WMI. WMI can only be assigned to legal entities (LLC, JSC, etc.). To obtain an international code, you need:

technical application for issuance of the WMI code of the manufacturer in category O1;
technical description of your production (or voluntary QMS certification, Quality Management System) and specifications for your product;
company charter;
OGRN, TIN of the enterprise;
other documents, the list of which you can check with the organization issuing WMI codes. As a rule, such an organization is universal. That is, it also conducts tests, registration on all counts and issues the relevant documents.

It should be remembered that OTTS is issued for a limited period (subsequent extension is possible). That is, as you understand, the production of car trailers is a serious business with the organization of a legal entity in the form of a small enterprise. There can be no question of the production of trailers in a garage with the registration of an ordinary individual entrepreneur, which is usually described by sources of information other than the site.

There is also a limitation in the amount of production: a small enterprise cannot produce more than 500 trailers of the same type per year. To fully load your company and make a profit, you will have to produce several types of light trailers. That is, for each type it is necessary to receive OTTS. It is better to get it "wholesale", that is, to pass certification simultaneously with all products.

If you still want to open a light trailer manufacturing business, but cannot get an OTTC for financial reasons, you can get self-made trailer certification every time. In this case, up to 25 thousand rubles will need to be deducted from your profit from the sale of such a trailer, which will eat up most of the final cost of the finished product. Or explore other business ideas for the production of caravans.

1. Selling Documents to Franchise Manufacturers

A large firm receives OTTS for the production of trailers. And sells all the necessary franchise documents to those who want to legally produce car trailers, like you do in your garage. Thus, a small-scale manufacturer can produce its trailers under the brand name of a large one, without going through certification procedures. Your garage production will allow you to assemble no more than 24 trailers per year, which is beneficial for both the brand owner and you. You save yourself from bureaucracy, the company unloads production. But, in this case, your production base must meet the requirements of the parent company.

2. Production of constructors with documents

Modern good trailers are quite expensive (40-100 thousand per trailer). They are characterized by reliability and high load capacity. Trailers are simpler - they are cheaper. But, in both the first and second cases, car owners often remake trailers to fit their needs. Because there is no limit to perfection. Strengthen the frame, remake the suspension and electrics. Therefore, some trailer manufacturers have taken an easier path.

They reduced the cost of the trailer to 10-14 thousand rubles, including only the frame and suspension. The result was the so-called trailer-constructor. Everything else to such a trailer is added by the new owner. Despite the low cost, such a designer has all the necessary documents for the hassle-free registration of the trailer with the traffic police.

The essence of this business idea is that you can buy out such constructors and make trailers based on them, again in the form of a garage business. And sell to everyone full-fledged trailers with documents from the designer.

A difficult option for implementing this business idea is to independently master the production of such constructors. But, you will definitely have to receive OTTS and undergo product certification, as described above.

Also, in addition to these serious types of business, there is another, less costly and affordable trailer business.

3. Business - repair of trailers for cars

Having a garage skillful hands and a simple tool, you can do car trailer repairs. There is a stable client in this niche. Like any equipment, trailers fail, break down, require modernization. The work is quite dirty and dusty, so most owners are willing to pay the master than to carry out repairs themselves. Replacing chain devices, replacing boards, straightening an axle or repairing shock absorbers - this is a small list of services provided.

Also, having got your hands on repairs, you can buy old and broken trailers on your own at a low cost. With one condition - the trailer must have all the documents. After the purchase, you will need to bring the repair, restore the trailer and sell it for a better price.

The advantage of such a business: you bypass all the trailer certification bureaucracy, that is, do not waste time, but work and make a profit.

4. Other business ideas related to the manufacture of light trailers

In addition to automobiles, there are other types of trailers - for ATVs, mini-tractors, walk-behind tractors and other equipment. The production of trailers for this equipment is less bureaucratic, many do not require certification (for example, a walk-behind tractor is not a vehicle), and demand is also high. And the prices for factory products are high, which also increases the demand for the services of a private trader.

About the fact that it is possible to make awnings for any trailed equipment from PVC fabric, we will keep silent. This is also a business. And quite profitable. But it also has many nuances, which we will consider in following business ideas. Subscribe so you don't miss out!

We invite you to consider another business with minimum investment– production of trailers for passenger cars. Modern people prefer to buy their own cars, despite traffic jams, the high cost of fuel and the need for regular car repairs. That is why in our country the number of cars is growing literally every month.

Naturally, entrepreneurs have long understood this trend, and did not fail to create many different options for earning money in the automotive sector, in addition to trading in the transport itself. These are services, and the help of craftsmen, and the sale of parts, as well as tuning, acoustics, the creation of various lights and body kits, and much more. The main thing is that it is in this industry that you can find one that will bring good income to its organizer. For example, consider - a necessary thing, in demand, which is in great demand among transport owners.

It is enough to install a trailer on any, even a small car, and it can already perform the functions of a van, namely, to transport cargo reaching a ton of weight. Each trailer has its own characteristics and load capacity, here the car owner himself chooses the product, depending on its characteristics. If a summer resident needs a trailer, then you won’t have to buy a product that is too roomy and large-scale, but builders, installers, and other workers of this kind of profession often need to transport large, heavy loads.

Considering that trailers have been popular among our citizens since ancient Soviet times, one should not expect that a newcomer will not meet a number of competitors on the market. Many businessmen know that they can bring tangible profits, so you will have to fight for a place in the sun.

Production of trailers for cars

Making a car trailer is, in principle, quite simple, the main thing is to assemble all the components of the structure with high quality, with regard to wheels, chassis, traction and coupling devices, a bridge with suspensions, as well as electrical wiring. In the center of the entire assembly is a cargo body, for the manufacture of which you will need not only pipes with a square section, but also a preliminary drawing. Production of car trailers includes covering the floor and sides with any sheet materials, it can be galvanized metal sheets, and chipboard. A simple garage may be suitable as a production workshop, but it is desirable to involve a locksmith and a welder in the performance of work. But to start like this business with minimal investment it is possible for the entrepreneur himself, only it can take a month to make one trailer.

A very important point is that production of trailers for passenger cars cannot work without special documentation, namely certified passports for each product, which are filled in in accordance with state standards. This is explained by the fact that each trailer is listed as part of the car, therefore, it cannot take part in social movement, in the absence of a special permit for operation. This permission can be obtained from local authorities traffic inspections. Here trailers are registered as a new vehicle, after which they are given a separate license plate. It follows that in order to use a trailer, every citizen must have documentation for it, as well as a state registration plate, but how can one get them?

Production of trailers for cars: registering a trailer

The standard process for registering a car trailer is a two-step process.

After the assembly of the trailer is completely completed, the entrepreneur must report this to the traffic inspectorate located in the area of \u200b\u200bits residence. Employees will issue a document directing the owner of the trailer to undergo an examination on the territory of a special laboratory zone. It is here that a series of certified tests will be carried out, which each trailer must pass before it becomes a member of public road traffic. You will have to pay a certain amount for the tests. If a production of trailers for cars is carried out using ready-made parts, then the authorities have the right to request certified documents for each such unit or part. It is advisable to immediately prepare all the papers according to the drawings and other documentation that service workers may be interested in. A complete list of such papers is available at the traffic police departments. Trailer certification only applies to new vehicles that are put into operation.
At the end of all checks and examinations, the entrepreneur will receive a document stating that the trailer has been successfully certified, and the vehicle really complies with all standards and requirements. After a businessman has this kind of paper in his hands, he has the right to register his trailer with the traffic inspectorate. Don't forget that trailer certification is a paid procedure that will cost the entrepreneur fifteen to twenty-five thousand rubles, and in duration it does not exceed fifteen days.

It is from these two stages that the registration of trailers made independently consists, and for each unit it is necessary to go through a separate approbation procedure and receive separate documents. Some entrepreneurs do this, especially if they complete more than one trailer order per month, and. Naturally, they regularly pay the required amount for registration. But if production of trailers for passenger cars is planned to be put on stream, then businessmen are trying to find an alternative solution, minimize bureaucratic issues, and bypass the regular certification process. This is quite possible if the certified production of car trailers.

How to certify the production of trailers for cars

On the territory of our country trailer certification required condition their use, since without the approval of the vehicles they cannot take part in road traffic. All trailers have a special category - O1, and it is for it that approval will be issued. After trailer manufacturing will be carried out on the basis of the received approval document, each new unit assembled at the enterprise will have its own unique number, as well as the product passport. The numbers are applied to the trailer frames. The main thing is that the application is reliable and durable. Some manufacturers prefer to use engraving, stamping and other techniques.

How a car trailer manufacturer can get a VIN number for their vehicle

And again, the whole procedure begins with the collection of documentation. The entrepreneur must have an application drawn up according to the established model, a document that indicates the technical characteristics of the product, as well as a list of marked parts: tires, headlights, a photo of the trailer and a drawing according to which it was assembled. In addition, employees will probably ask for information about the technical conditions, as well as instructions for using the product. Only with all these papers in hand, it makes sense to go to the test and certification process of the vehicle. Such a test is called the previous serial one, and therefore it costs several times more.

After this product has been tested, you can proceed to the next step, but first you will have to collect documentation again. Trailer manufacturing must be carried out on the basis of the international manufacturer code, which can only be obtained by entity. Otherwise, mass production of trailers without going through a separate certification procedure for each product will not work. To obtain this international code value, you will need to submit:

Technical application for issuing an international code for the manufacturer of transport type O1;
Technical inventory of the production workshop, the trailer manufacturing process itself, the quality control system, trailer specifications;
OGRN and identifier production organization;
Other papers, about which they can tell in more detail directly at the office for issuing codes. Most often, it is these offices that are engaged in a whole range of services, and registration, and approbation, and the issuance of documentation.

Each vehicle can be approved for a certain period of time with the possibility of a subsequent renewal. Although production and sale of trailers is a business with minimal investment, it is quite difficult to build the right business strategy, and the amount of documentary work can really upset an entrepreneur. Start working in status individual entrepreneur practically meaningless in this industry. Besides, production and sale of trailers has its limitations depending on the size of enterprises. So, in a small enterprise, more than five hundred units cannot be manufactured throughout the year, and in order for the business to become profitable, you will have to take on the active development of several types of products. Each of them needs approval from regulatory authorities, certification and documentary support.

FROM financial side It is not so easy to certify the production of trailers, not every entrepreneur has the necessary amount on hand from the very beginning, so many start with a regular procedure for each vehicle.

Sale of trailers using franchising

For example, at large-scale production already have approval for the manufacture of trailers. Then the company can start selling required documents based on franchising for those who need approval to legally manufacture vehicles in their own garages. Thus, a small enterprise will be engaged in the production of products, but use the brand of the owner of the endorsement. Business with minimal investment, organized in garage conditions, involves the assembly of no more than twenty-four technical units per year. But the benefits of using franchising are tangible for both parties. An entrepreneur will be able to bypass bureaucratic issues, get rid of the need to go to authorities and collect paperwork, and a large supplier will unload its production facilities. But as a franchisor, he has the right to set certain requirements for small-scale industries and their products.

Production and sale of trailers-constructors

For one trailer, consumers are ready to pay a rather large amount - from forty to one hundred thousand rubles, but the products are reliable and have a high carrying capacity. The sale of trailers with lower characteristics is carried out at less low prices. But, despite the fact that the owner pays almost a hundred rubles for a quality product, he often still tries to adapt it according to own needs. Some make the frames stronger, others change the suspension and make changes to the electrical system, and this can go on indefinitely. In order to make it easier for buyers, modern manufacturers have decided to act more simply - to reduce the price of a trailer to fourteen thousand, but at the same time offer a frame and suspension kit. Everything else the buyer fixes and creates himself, as it suits him. By the way, such a construction should also be in without fail registered.

It is these designs that small entrepreneurs often acquire, creating full-fledged goods on their basis, and selling them at full price. At the same time, the documentation issued for designers is quite suitable for the implementation of the vehicle. Of course, it will be much more difficult for an entrepreneur himself to develop a business for the production of prefabricated bases than to buy a ready-made base, only supplementing and assembling it.

Business with minimal investment in the repair of trailers

To create such a repair shop, you need a garage room and simple tools, as well as a desire to work. As for clients, they will be in any case, because such work is not only dirty, but also dusty. What makes even the most economical citizens resort to the services of masters. You can focus on the replacement of onboard structures, editing axles, repairing shock absorbers and much more, because each problem is individual. After the entrepreneur has worked for a certain time in the field of repair, he will be able to expand his activities by buying up old equipment and restoring it. Broken trailers are cheap, but restored ones can be put up for sale many times more expensive. But even here there is a problem with documents, without them it will not be possible to sell even a well-functioning trailer. But usually the seller provides the buyer with the necessary papers, and he does not have to collect documents from authorities. We decided to offer cooperation for everyone who wants to master this vast market for the production of light trailers, which is increasing every year! One-time payment: 400.000 rubles. Our company was registered on September 9, 1999. In 2003, we became conveyor suppliers to the Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ). About 400-500 units of special van bodies and other superstructures were manufactured and shipped to its trading floors throughout Russia and the CIS every month. Cooperation continued through 2008 inclusive. In addition, we produced add-ons for Kamaz, Mercedes, Volvo, Iveco and other brands. Since 2005, the production of trailers of category O1 (gross weight up to 750 kg) has been certified and OTTS (Vehicle Type Approval) has been received for their release. In 2009 the lineup was supplemented with category O2 (equipped with brakes with a gross weight of up to 3.5 tons). In 2010 and 2011, we received a permit for the production of O3 category trailers (gross weight up to 10 tons) and a Tractor Certificate. The emphasis was not on the series, but on the manufacture of vehicles according to customer requirements. And today we produce trailers for individual and commercial purposes in small batches. This leaves behind. And the available permits allow you to produce an unlimited number! Therefore, we decided to offer cooperation for everyone who wants to master this vast market, which is growing every year! At the same time, we do not help with the sale of your products directly, but only indirectly, by providing technical, certification and advertising support! You buy components and materials yourself. Here I would like to clarify that there are several large enterprises specializing in the production of only trailers (and they make several thousand per month !!!), and there are universal ones, where trailers are not the main type of product, but an additional one (their output ranges from tens to several hundreds per month). Serial trailers are made in batches, where standard sizes and equipment, materials and costs are optimized. Due to the large volume and well-established contractual relations with dealers-sellers, they have an almost constant sale. In spring and summer - more boat trips go. In autumn and winter - airborne with an awning. Due to the volume during conveyor assembly, the profit is minimal (1-8 thousand rubles), but this allows you to confidently stand on your feet and invest in continuous development. But the most important thing here is not a large volume, but regular customers! It is important. Under stable demand, you can adjust any production process, with a small, but profit! This trailer production offer is unique! There are NO analogues in Russia today! If you have a sales/sales department - great! Own production base - super! Experience with metal structures is excellent! Do you want to load your production facilities with the release of in-demand products or are you tired of trading other people's trailers for some reason, and at the same time you do not want to start manufacturing business from scratch or lay out large amounts of money without understanding the market and risks - our offer is for YOU! And the craftsmen who independently manufacture trailers in their garages and sheds can safely come out of the "underground" under our brand, "lean" and then decide on self-certification. To a greater extent, this offer is relevant for those who have experience in selling trailers, know the needs of buyers in terms of product range, trailer equipment, its cost, and wish to start production with minimal investment in certification and drawings. We have a wide range of models and their modifications (boat, tent, special) with sizes within the traffic rules (i.e. from the minimum to the maximum possible, permitted by the traffic rules of Russia (for example, up to 11-12 meters long, up to 2.55 m wide, height up to 4 meters.) You will need a minimum set of equipment: Welding table Cutting machine (abrasive or band saw, although you can cut with a grinder or a hacksaw) Preferably, an air compressor Drill or drill, grinder, wrench (electric or pneumatic) or open-end wrenches Welding machine in carbon dioxide environment A place for painting, in case you paint yourself, and not galvanize on the side, storage of materials and finished trailers. one-time payment (lump sum) required to purchase a franchise for trailers of category O1 (gross weight up to 750 kg without brakes) - 400,000 rubles (equipped brakes and with a gross weight of up to 3500 kg - 600.000 rubles). The lump sum can be divided into 2 payment stages. This payment applies to the entire term of the OTTS - 3 years. Next, we extend it to new term for you free of charge, provided that you choose-make at least 40 trailers per year. In addition to a one-time payment in the amount of 400 or 600 thousand rubles, respectively, you pay royalties - 500 rubles from one trailer released by you. Make a pre-order with us for a certain number of released trailers each month. We receive the Title, arrange and send it to your address at our expense. VIN you apply yourself. Periodically, we carry out a visit to your production to monitor the products manufactured under our brand, as we are responsible for this. In case of violation of the production technology agreed with us or making unapproved changes to the design, we may refuse to continue cooperation and demand compensation for damages, if any. Expected payback - within 1 year in the production of 10 trailers per month of category O1 (gross weight up to 750 kg), O2 - from 5 trailers per month. After paying the franchise, we will add you to the assembly plants of our company and you will be registered in the OTTS (Vehicle Type Approval) as assembly production. We grant the right to apply our VIN code and use our brand. Under this OTTS, the following models can be produced: For the transportation of boats, boats and ATVs; for the transportation of motorcycles; electric lighting installation; compressor; generator; trade; House on wheels; for the repair and maintenance of roads; dry closet; ritual; for the transport of water; manufactured goods; for transporting a motor pump; for the transport of animals; for the transport of live fish.

The post has been changed:

Trailer production as one of the start-up options

In an attempt to create their own startup, many come to a standstill at the initial stage - the search interesting ideas. One of the attractive options is the production of trailers. This niche in the market is not yet oversaturated and a novice entrepreneur will feel comfortable in it, subject to a number of rules, which will be discussed below.

Brief business analysis:
Business setup costs:1.2 - 1.6 million rubles
Relevant for cities with a population: from 50 thousand
Situation in the industry:the production sector is developed
The complexity of organizing a business: 3/5
Payback: 8 - 12 months

Where to begin

Making trailers for cars is one of the cost-effective business options with the right approach. At the same time, you can earn money not only from production, but also from further maintenance of trailers and semi-trailers. It will also give a tangible profit even during the absence necessary materials. Therefore, it is not necessary to start with production. Repair will help to get start-up capital that can be invested in development production capacity.

What is required first

If you go in order, then the first thing you need when creating your own business, regardless of whether it is repair or production, is the premises. After all, collecting a trailer at the customer’s site is not an option at all. The presence of our own production area, where the production of semi-trailers, trailers or spare parts for them will take place, is a definite plus. Here, technical and service maintenance aggregates.

If you do not have your own premises, you can rent it, because. buying real estate at the initial stage of a startup is not always profitable. The floor area must be at least 50 square meters. Ideally, if it is a large garage or hangar, where you can work simultaneously on 2 or 3 pieces of equipment. The room will also require additional space for tools and auxiliary equipment. Without the right space, it makes no sense to start a business. Trailer assembly is not a seasonal income, despite the frequency of demand.

The price of real estate depends on many factors, in particular, the location and usable area, and other factors that often depend on the landlord. A room in the city will naturally differ in price from one located on the outskirts or in the suburbs. If you wish, you can find a non-modern building, for example, a warehouse from the times of the USSR, repair it and save a lot of money.

Without which it is impossible to start work

The next necessary element is equipment for assembling trailers. Without it, it is impossible to start work, because. with bare hands it will be possible to assemble only some spare parts. You can try to find the bulk of the tools from your own stocks. It can be:

screwdrivers;
keys;
hammers;
drill.

If you try to buy everything at once, such trifles add up to a round sum of up to $ 1,000. But it's not just the little things that matter.

Indispensable in production will be welding machine. It must be of good quality. The average price for such equipment can reach $500. In addition to it, you will need a high-quality grinder that costs about $ 300 and a drill, preferably an electric one, of a similar cost. Do not forget about the consumables needed to use the tool. These are electrodes, grinding discs and everything else that craftsmen may need, which, by the way, need to be found.

Raw materials for production can be purchased after the premises and equipment are ready. Most of the necessary auxiliary materials can be found in car markets from wholesale suppliers or ordered in online stores directly from the manufacturer of spare parts. The basis of the product, which is usually metal, can be made from recycled materials after it has been reanimated. Partially, its purchase can be carried out from scrap metal buyers or at the bases of building and other materials. To understand what exactly will become the future raw materials, staff who are familiar with the manufacturing technology will help.

How to find staff

You can work independently only at the first stages of the business, but in the future it will be simply too laborious to carry out production and manage the enterprise, so you will definitely need an assistant. They can become an employee or a relative when organizing a family-type business. However, the acceleration of the pace and increase in capacity will lead to an increase in orders for manufactured products. Therefore, hired labor will be required sooner or later anyway.

Attracting a new master to production is a big responsibility, because. The success of a startup depends on how the work is carried out. Accordingly, the selection of masters and other personnel must be approached with particular care. Better if they are people with experience, professional quality which are beyond doubt. It should be noted that at high rates it is difficult to train employees from scratch. Therefore, attempts to start work by training employees may not be successful.

Losses in production can be the cause of unskilled labor, and they are completely useless when starting a trailer manufacturing business. The initial phase will require at least 1 highly qualified specialist who is already working, or has worked, with trailers in terms of production or maintenance. Paying for his work is also part of the costs, which will be pulled quite a lot. It is better to choose a piecework method of remuneration, because. It makes no sense to pay in shifts in production. So, the amount of the salary will not only be compensated for by the profits received, but will also be able to stimulate the assistant.

Where to find investors

All the costs described above will add up the bulk of the required investment. To them will also be added the cost of materials and operating expenses not related to production. It’s great if the entire required amount is available, but most often only a part of it is on hand. Therefore, it is necessary to look for investments. Part of the funds can be taken from the bank, however, the interest that you have to pay regularly will hit the startup budget hard. How to get a bank loan to start a business can be found at this link.

The payback of the project is a matter of time. If the whole process is implemented correctly, it will take up to 20 ready-made trailers to be sold to reach 0. Only after that, the startup will start to make a profit. Depending on the pace of production, this can happen according to various estimates within 4-6 months. Do not immediately release a large batch of trailers.

In the first month, it is desirable to release 1-2. After selling them, you can proceed to increase the batch. After the sale of an increased batch, sales and production can be carried out simultaneously. Attracting new investments and proper organization of the process will help accelerate the growth of the enterprise and its development.

The most important

Product marketing is the most important stage. Without the possibility of marketing, a startup does not make sense, and will not be able to make a profit. For the sale of trailers, a platform for the demonstration of goods will be required. At the initial stage, there will be few models, but even they will have to be flaunted.

The demonstration site may be located on the production site. In parallel, you can exhibit goods on Internet sites. High-quality goods will not stagnate in the warehouse of finished products.

Underwater rocks

It is possible and necessary to independently promote a product, but marketing and advertising, nevertheless, provide much greater efficiency. Advertising costs can be minimal with a little effort. In order to start buying trailers, you need to spread information about them. It is not necessary to play commercials on local television. For a startup, promotion of trailer advertising in other media is enough.

They can be local radio stations and city newspapers with free ads. In some cases, you can place ads in them using improvised means - the Internet or telephone. Using your own computer, you can make a simple video and post it on social networks. Advertising on the radio should be remembered by the buyer of the trailer, so scrolling should be quite frequent 3-4 times a day, at least for the first 2-3 months.

GOST R 52281-2004

Group D22

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

TRAILERS AND SEMI-TRAILERS

General technical requirements

Automobile trailers and semi-trailers.
General technical requirements

OKS 43.080.10
OKP 45 2500

Introduction date 2006-01-01

Foreword

Tasks, basic principles and rules for carrying out work on state standardization in the Russian Federation are established by GOST R 1.0-92 " State system standardization of the Russian Federation. Basic provisions" and GOST R 1.2-92 "State standardization system of the Russian Federation. The procedure for the development of state standards "

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED BY THE STATE scientific center Russian Federation, Federal State Unitary Enterprises "Central Order of the Red Banner of Labor Research Automobile and Automotive Institute" (FSUE "NAMI"), Federal State unitary enterprise"21 Research Testing Institute of Automotive Equipment of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation" ("21 NIII AT MO RF")

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 56 "Road Transport"

3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated December 15, 2004 N 108-st

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this standard is published in the "National Standards" index, and the text of these changes - in the "National Standards" information indexes. In case of revision or cancellation of this standard, the relevant information will be published in the information index "National Standards"

INTRODUCED Amendment N 1, approved and put into effect by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated 11/23/2006 N 267-st from 01/01/2007

Change No. 1 was made by the database manufacturer according to the text of IUS No. 2, 2007

1 area of use

This standard applies to car trailers, semi-trailers intended for the carriage of goods as part of a road train on public roads and their chassis and establishes general technical requirements for them.

The standard does not apply to trailers towed by vehicles equipped with towing devices in accordance with GOST 28248, multi-purpose trailers (semi-trailers), as well as trailers (semi-trailers), in terms of dimensions and permissible axle loads exceeding the values established for motor vehicles.

2 Normative references

This standard uses references to the following standards:

GOST 2349-75 Hook-and-loop traction devices for automobile and tractor trains. Basic parameters and dimensions. Technical requirements

GOST 5513-97 Pneumatic tires for trucks, trailers to them, buses and trolleybuses. Specifications

GOST 7593-80 Paint and varnish coatings for trucks. Technical requirements

GOST 9008-94 Details of wooden platforms for trucks, trailers and semi-trailers. General specifications

GOST 9200-76 (ISO 1185-75, ISO 1724-80, ISO 3731-80, ISO 3732-82, ISO 4091-78) Seven-pin detachable connections for cars and tractors

GOST 10409-74 (ISO 4107-95) Automobile wheels with collapsible rim. Main dimensions. General technical requirements

GOST 12017-81 Coupling pins for automobile semi-trailers. Types and basic dimensions

GOST 12105-74 Truck tractors and semi-trailers. Mounting dimensions

GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods

GOST 15150-69 Machinery, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of environmental climatic factors

GOST 21624-81 Maintenance and repair system for automotive vehicles. Requirements for operational manufacturability and maintainability of products

GOST 21758-81 Maintenance and repair system for automotive vehicles. Methods for determining indicators of operational manufacturability and maintainability during testing

GOST 23945.0-80 Unification of products. Key points

GOST 27226-90 Platforms onboard motor vehicles. Inner dimensions

GOST 28248-89 (ISO 1103-76) Cars. Ball-type towing hitch. Main dimensions

GOST R 41.13-99 (UNECE Regulation No. 13) Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles of categories M, N and O with regard to braking

GOST R 41.30-99 (UNECE Regulation No. 30) Uniform provisions concerning the approval of tires for motor vehicles and their trailers

GOST R 41.48-2004 (UNECE Regulation N 48) Uniform provisions concerning the certification of vehicles with regard to the installation of lighting and light signaling devices

GOST R 41.54-99 (UNECE Regulation No. 54) Uniform provisions concerning the approval of tires for goods vehicles and their trailers

GOST R 41.55-2005 (UNECE Regulation N 55) Uniform provisions concerning mechanical parts of coupling devices of vehicle combinations

GOST R 41.58-2001 (UNECE Regulation N 58) Uniform provisions concerning the approval of: I Rear protective devices; II Vehicles with regard to the installation of Type Approved Rear Protective Devices; III Vehicles with regard to their rear protection

GOST R 41.73-99 (UNECE Regulation No. 73) Uniform provisions concerning the approval of goods vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers with regard to their side protection

GOST R 50511-93 (ISO 3006-76, ISO 3894-77, ISO 7141-81) Light alloy wheels for pneumatic tires. General specifications

GOST R 50577-93 Signs of state registration vehicles. Types and basic dimensions. Technical requirements

GOST R 50643-94 Detachable connection for anti-lock braking system. Main dimensions. Technical requirements. Test methods. Vehicle Mounting Instructions

GOST R 51893-2002 Pneumatic tires. General safety specifications

GOST R 51980-2002 Vehicles. Marking. General technical requirements

GOST R 52051-2003 Motor vehicles and trailers. Classification and definitions

GOST R 52230-2004 Automotive and tractor electrical equipment. General specifications

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards according to the "National Standards" index, compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replaced (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

3 Terms and definitions

This standard uses the terms according to GOST R 52051, as well as the term with the corresponding definition:

3.1 main traction vehicle: The vehicle listed as the main traction vehicle in design documentation(KD) on a trailer (semi-trailer).

4 General technical requirements

4.1 Appointment requirements

4.1.1 Trailers (semi-trailers) must be designed for operation in non-garage storage.

4.1.2 Trailers (semi-trailers) as part of a road train with the main traction vehicle, specially designed for long-distance and international transportation, with a cruising range of at least 1000 km, at the request of the consumer (customer), can be additionally equipped by the trailer manufacturer with a fuel tank with a device for mechanized pumping of fuel into the tank of the tractor.

4.1.3 When installing an additional fuel tank on trailers (semi-trailers), it must be protected from damage by structural elements. The fuel tank must be protected from corrosion.

Types and connecting dimensions of plugs and fillers of fuel tanks must comply with the requirements normative document.

4.2 Reliability requirements

4.2.1 For trailers (semi-trailers), the average resource before overhaul must be at least the resource of the main traction vehicle under the first category of operating conditions in accordance with GOST 21624 in macroclimatic regions with a temperate climate of V category of placement I in accordance with GOST 15150.

4.2.2 The mean time between failures of trailers (semi-trailers) must not be lower than that of the main traction vehicle.

4.3 Requirements for resistance to external influences

4.3.1 The climatic version of trailers (semi-trailers) must comply with the requirements established for the main traction vehicle.

4.3.2 The materials used for the manufacture of trailers (semi-trailers) must have a resistance not lower than the materials of parts and assembly units of the main traction vehicle.

4.3.3 The paint and varnish coatings of trailers (semi-trailers), except for those supplied with primer, must not be destroyed during mechanical washing with a water jet under pressure up to 0.15 MPa (1.5 kgf/cm), and must also be resistant to fuel and lubricants .

4.3.4 The service life of the paintwork is at least 5 years when trailers (semi-trailers) are operated in macroclimatic regions with a temperate climate of V location category I according to GOST 15150.

4.4 Requirements for ergonomics and technical aesthetics

4.4.1 Painting of trailers (semi-trailers) and control appearance coating surfaces - according to GOST 7593.

4.4.2 Paint coatings used for the outer surfaces of trailers (semi-trailers) must allow the possibility of touching up or repainting them with natural drying paints.

4.4.3 Forces required to raise the spare wheel, folding ladder should not exceed 500 N (50 kgf). When using lifting mechanisms (mechanical, hydraulic), the force on the mechanism drive handle, if it is cyclically repeated, should not exceed 200 N (20 kgf).

The force required to lift the side of the platform (bringing to transport position), should be no more than 300 N (40 kgf).

The force required to open and close the locking devices of the platform sides must be no more than 200 N (20 kgf).

4.4.4 Forces on the handle of the drive mechanism for lifting and lowering the support devices of semi-trailers and the support post of a single-axle trailer shall not exceed 200 N (20 kgf). For supporting devices with a load of more than 200 kN (20 tf), in agreement with the consumer (customer), an increase in force is allowed, but not more than 400 N (40 kgf).

4.5 Design requirements

4.5.1 General requirements

4.5.1.1 The dimensions and location of the towing and turning devices of trailers must be such that when turning the road train (when moving forward), the distances between the tractor and the trailer indicated in Figure 1 are observed, and at the same time there is no contact between the trailer and the traction vehicle in conditions operation.

Figure 1. Distances between the tractor and the trailer when turning the road train

The radius of the clearance of the rear of the tractor (trailer or semi-trailer for a multi-link road train);
- the radius of the front of the trailer; - the center of the towing device;
- the center of the trailer turning device; - distance to the center of the drawbar
devices for trailers with a central axle (axles) - no more than 420 mm

Picture 1

These requirements do not apply to trailers equipped with a coupling device that changes the distance between the trailer and the vehicle when turning.

Mounting dimensions of semi-trailers - according to GOST 12105 (version A).

4.5.1.2 Coupling loops of trailers (except for self-dipping releases) - according to GOST 2349, GOST R 41.55.

Trailers and their chassis intended for intercity and international transportation, at the request of the consumer (customer), must be equipped with a backlash-free coupling device in accordance with GOST R 41.55.

Coupling pins of semi-trailers - in accordance with GOST 12017 (version A).

Trailers (semi-trailers) equipped with brakes (except for inertial ones), intended for operation as part of multi-link road trains, must have a place at the back for installing a towing device in accordance with GOST 2349, GOST R 41.55.

Trailers (semi-trailers) not equipped with a towing hook must have devices for forced evacuation (pulling out).

4.5.1.3 Trailers (semi-trailers) must have a brake system drive outlet in front, a hydraulic system drive outlet for dump trucks, detachable connections in accordance with GOST 9200 and for connecting an anti-lock braking system (ABS) in accordance with GOST R 50643.

Trailers (semi-trailers) intended for operation as part of multi-link road trains must additionally have similar outlets at the rear.

4.5.1.4 The design of trailers (semi-trailers), except for trailers (semi-trailers), the speed of which is limited by the requirements of the DD, must ensure the possibility of their movement as part of a full-weight road train with a maximum speed not lower than the maximum speed of the traction vehicle.

4.5.1.5 Static angles of lateral tipping of trailers (semi-trailers) with an onboard platform with a full mass with a load that ensures full use of the cargo capacity of the main onboard platforms must be at least:

35° - for single axle trailer;

32° - for a two-axle trailer;

28° - for semi-trailers (together with a tractor).

4.5.1.6 The ground clearance of trailers (semi-trailers), except for trailers (semi-trailers) with a reduced loading height, must be at least that of the main traction vehicle.

4.5.1.7 Semi-trailers must be equipped with a support device to maintain the front part in the uncoupled state and ensure the convenience of coupling (uncoupling) the semi-trailer with the traction vehicle by one person.

Support device controls must be located on both sides.

It is allowed to install the control element only on the right side of the semi-trailer.

4.5.1.8 The ground clearance under the supporting devices of the semi-trailer with a full weight must be, mm, not less than:


400 - for semi-trailers with axle weight
	over 6 t.

4.5.1.9 The vertical static pressure on the traction hook of the vehicle from the coupling loop of a single-axle trailer with a full weight, except for trailers, dissolutions, must be no more than 500 N (50 kgf).

By agreement with the consumer (customer), it is allowed to increase the vertical static pressure to the values \u200b\u200bestablished by GOST 2349, and for trailers with a central axle (axes) - GOST R 52051.

4.5.1.10 Single-axle trailers, except for trailers, must have support posts that ensure stability in the uncoupled state. With a vertical static pressure of more than 500 N (50 kgf) from the trailer coupling loop, the front support leg must be equipped with a mechanism for raising and lowering the coupling loop to a position that ensures the coupling (uncoupling) of the trailer from the traction vehicle.

4.5.1.11 The design of trailers (semi-trailers) must ensure the convenience of cleaning and washing operations (removal of dirt, dust, snow).

4.5.2 Handling and stability

4.5.2.1 A full weight trailer as part of a road train with the main traction vehicle, when driving straight on a road with a hard, even surface, at any speed, must not go beyond the corridor, the width of which is 0.5 m more than the maximum width of the road train.

4.5.2.2 The turntables of trailers shall turn to each side through an angle of at least 60°.

When turning at the maximum angle, the drawbar of the trailer with steerable wheels, the swivel bogie and the self-aligning axles of the trailer (semi-trailer) must not reach the stop. In this case, it should be possible to roll the wheels without side slip when the road train is moving with a minimum turning radius of the main traction vehicle.

4.5.2.3 The steered wheels of trailers and semi-trailers shall have a locking device for ease of maneuvering when the road train is reversing.

The design of the blocking device must exclude the possibility of its spontaneous activation (deactivation).

4.5.3 Suspension

4.5.3.1 The suspension of trailers (semi-trailers) must ensure smooth running in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory document.

4.5.4 Wheels and tires

4.5.4.1 Trailers (semi-trailers) should be equipped with pneumatic tires in accordance with GOST 5513, GOST R 41.30, GOST R 41.54, GOST R 51893.

4.5.4.2 Rim profile and fastening of wheels of trailers (semi-trailers) - according to GOST 10409, GOST R 50511 and regulatory document.

In technically justified cases, it is allowed to use wheels according to the design documentation for a trailer (semi-trailer) of a specific type.

4.5.4.3 Trailers (semi-trailers) must have spare wheels and appropriate devices for their attachment. The number of spare wheels and their need for dump trailers, dissolution trailers and single-axle trailers towed by utility vehicles are set in agreement with the consumer (customer).

4.5.5 Brake system

4.5.5. * Braking systems and braking properties of trailers (semi-trailers) - according to GOST R 41.13.
________________
* The numbering corresponds to the original. - Database manufacturer's note.

4.5.6 Onboard platform

4.5.6.1 Dimensions of onboard platforms - according to GOST 27226.

Trailers (semi-trailers) with side platforms must be equipped with devices (hooks, brackets, etc.) for tying the awning and securing the load, and at the request of the consumer (customer), it must be possible to attach the awning frame and additional boards or extensions .

Side platforms of trailers (semi-trailers) must have rear and side folding sides. Side platforms of single-axle trailers with a gross weight of up to 1.2 tons inclusive are allowed to be equipped with one folding tailgate.

4.5.6.2 At the request of the consumer (customer), trailers (semi-trailers) are equipped with extensions.

The design of devices for fastening extension boards of trailer platforms (semi-trailers) with a carrying capacity of 4.0 tons or more is recommended to be calculated on maximum height extensions, determined by the conditions for the full use of the carrying capacity of trailers (semi-trailers) when transporting goods with a specific volume of at least 2.5 m/t.

4.5.6.3 At the request of the consumer (customer), the design of the platforms shall provide for the possibility of installing sealing devices to prevent the loss of bulk cargo during their transportation.

4.5.6.4 The structure of the awning frame should provide for ease of installation and dismantling of the awning. The height of the loading space under the awning for trailers (semi-trailers) with a carrying capacity of 3.0 tons or more - not less than 1800 mm.

4.5.6.5 Technical requirements for wooden parts of platforms - according to GOST 9008.

4.5.6.6 The floor of the onboard platform of trailers with a carrying capacity of 1.5 tons or more is recommended to be made without wheel arches.

4.5.6.7 The floor of the onboard platform of trailers (semi-trailers), except for dump trucks, with a carrying capacity of at least 8 tons, it is recommended to rely on the ability to operate a loader with a gross weight of 3.2 tons.

At the request of the consumer (customer), the estimated weight of the loader can be increased to 3.7 tons.

4.5.6.8 The handles of the locking devices of the onboard platforms (van doors, etc.) of trailers (semi-trailers) in running order must be located at a height of not more than 1950 mm from the supporting surface of the road.

4.5.7 Electrical equipment

4.5.7.1 Electrical equipment, external lighting and signal equipment of trailers (semi-trailers) must comply with the requirements of GOST R 52230.

4.5.7.2 The number, location, color and visibility angles of trailer (semi-trailer) instruments must comply with the requirements of GOST R 41.48.

4.5.7.3 Trailers must be equipped with a plug with a connecting cable, and semi-trailers with a socket.

4.5.8 Completeness

4.5.8.1 Each trailer (semi-trailer) must be accompanied by operational documentation that meets the requirements of the regulatory document.

4.5.8.2 Completeness of trailers (semi-trailers) with additional equipment is determined by the contract between the consumer (customer) and the manufacturer.

4.5.9 Marking

4.5.9.1 Marking of trailers (semi-trailers) - according to GOST R 51980.

4.5.9.2 Places for installing jacks must be indicated in the operation manual (OM).

4.5.9.3 Places for mooring trailers (semi-trailers) - according to GOST 14192.

4.5.10 Unification requirements

4.5.10.1 The economically feasible degree of unification (both intra-factory and inter-factory), as a rule, is determined separately in each specific case and is reflected in the technical documentation.

The main provisions for unification are in accordance with GOST 23945.0.

5 Safety requirements

5.1 Trailers (semi-trailers) must be equipped with removable rear protective devices in accordance with GOST R 41.58.

Trailers (semi-trailers) are allowed not to be equipped with a rear protective device, if the elements of their frame and platform perform its functions.

5.2 Trailers, except for single-axle trailers and trailers, must be equipped with a device that maintains the drawbar coupling eye in a position that facilitates coupling and uncoupling from the traction vehicle. At the same time, it must be possible to tilt the drawbar to corners in accordance with GOST 2349 with the device disconnected.

In case of spontaneous disengagement of the drawbar loop from the vehicle's towing hook (in the event of an emergency separation from the traction vehicle), the device must not allow the drawbar coupling loop to touch the surface of a horizontal section of the road.

5.3 Single-axle trailers (except for dissolutions), as well as trailers without brakes, must be equipped with safety chains (cables).

In the event of an emergency break (breakage) of the towing device, the safety chains (cables) must ensure the control of the trailer, in addition, single-axle trailers must not allow the drawbar coupling loop to touch the surface of a horizontal section of the road.

Safety chains (cables) should not be attached to the vehicle's towing hook or its fasteners.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

5.4 Trailers (semi-trailers) must have at least two wheel chocks located in an easily accessible place.

5.5 Semi-trailers intended for the carriage of long loads (pipes, logs, etc.) must have a device in front that protects the cab of the driver of the traction vehicle from damage due to possible displacement of the transported load during sudden braking.

5.6 Trailers (semi-trailers) - dump trucks must be equipped with a device for fixing a raised unloaded body.

5.7 Trailers, except for dissolutions, and semi-trailers must be equipped with over-wheel protective devices (fenders, mudguards), if the parts of the platform or the installed equipment do not perform the function of this device.

Protective devices on the rear side of the wheel must have a lower edge at such a height that the plane passing through the theoretical point of contact of the tire with the road of trailers (semi-trailers) in the loaded state and the lower edge of the part of the device made of elastic material makes an angle with the road plane of not more than 15°.

The width of the protective devices must be at least the width of the tires installed in the design documentation.

5.8 Trailers, except for single-axle ones with a gross weight of up to 1.2 tons, and semi-trailers must be equipped with service and parking brake systems.

5.9 The parking brake control of trailers (semi-trailers) is located on the right side or behind and must be easily accessible and non-removable.

5.10 If there is only one spare wheel, it is not allowed to install the spare wheel and the control mechanism for its lifting (lowering) on the left side of the trailer (semi-trailer) and trailer with a swivel bogie and a base up to 3200 mm, having a right-hand location of the parking brake system controls.

5.11 Trailers (semi-trailers) must be equipped with steps or ladders for climbing onto the platform, unless the design provides for other elements that perform their functions.

The bearing surface of the step must be corrugated.

5.12 The design of the spare wheel lift should not allow it to fall when the lift drive handle is released.

5.13 Trailers (semi-trailers) must be provided with a place for attaching a license plate in accordance with GOST R 50577.

5.14 Trailers, except for dissolutions, and semi-trailers, except for those intended for the carriage of long indivisible goods and without platforms, must be equipped with side protective devices (BZU) in accordance with GOST R 41.73.

Trailers (semi-trailers) are allowed not to be equipped with side protective devices if their frame elements, platforms and other elements perform the functions of a safety lock.

6 Transport

6.1 Trailers (semi-trailers) must be adapted for their transportation by rail and by car in accordance with the rules applicable to each mode of transport. Transportation by water and air transport is negotiated by the customer in terms of reference. Partial disassembly is allowed.

6.2 Trailers (semi-trailers) shall be provided with places for mooring or mooring units that provide the possibility of securing trailers (semi-trailers) during transportation, as well as during their loading and unloading.

The strength of the mooring places on the trailer (semi-trailer) must be sufficient to withstand the calculated overloads when transporting them by a particular type of transport.

7 Instructions for use

7.1 Labor intensity of maintenance and current repair trailers (semi-trailers) - according to GOST 21624.

The frequency of maintenance of trailers (semi-trailers) - 15,000 km.

7.2 The trailers (semi-trailers) should be supplied with the necessary tools and devices for carrying out maintenance work, if specified works not provided with tools and fixtures of the main traction vehicle. In this case, to place the tool and accessories on the trailer (semi-trailer), a place must be provided to ensure their safety.

7.3 Lubricants and working fluids used in trailers (semi-trailers) must correspond to those used for assembly units of a similar purpose of the main traction vehicle.

7.4 Trailers (semi-trailers) must be designed for the aggregate repair method.

7.5 Requirements to ensure the operational manufacturability and maintainability of trailers (semi-trailers) - in accordance with GOST 21624.

Indicators of operational manufacturability - according to GOST 21758.

7.6 Preparation for operation and operation should be carried out in accordance with the OM for a specific trailer (semi-trailer).

8 Manufacturer's warranty

8.1 Warranty operating time and warranty period of operation of trailers (semi-trailers) must not be lower than that of the main traction vehicle.

Bibliography

OST 37.001.450-87 Plugs and fillers of fuel tanks of vehicles. Types and main connection dimensions

OST 37.001.291-84 Vehicles. Ride technical standards

OST 37.001.429-98 Wheels for pneumatic tires with non-separable deep rims with landing shelves 5° with the shape of side flanges B, J, K, L. General specifications

OST 37.001.511-2001 one system design documentation. Operational documents for automotive industry products


UDC 629.114.3:006.354	OKS 43.080.10
Key words: trailers (semi-trailers), dissolution trailers, road train, main traction vehicle, connecting dimensions, coupling loops, coupling pins, swivel bogie, steered wheels, drawbar

Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Moscow: IPK Standards Publishing House, 2005

Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"