Orthodox activists and authors of the church-wide document “on TIN” expressed their concern about the introduction of electronic passports. Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin did not share their theological considerations, but agreed with their concerns, emphasizing that the introduction electronic means identification may threaten civil liberties.

“There is a certain number of citizens who will never accept electronic documents, and in an extreme situation they will go into the forests, - emphasizes the head of the Synodal Department for Church and Society Relations Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin, convinced that these concerns must be treated with respect. - They have different reasons: both religious and others not related to the theological assessments of identification technologies. The first version of the general church document assumed some analysis of these reasons, but the Presidium of the Inter-Council Presence decided to exclude them from the final text.

As it became known from the text of the bill published on the Internet, paper passports should soon replace plastic identification cards. New documents not equipped with a chip will contain electronic key, which will bring together hitherto scattered electronic databases of various government departments (medical insurance, traffic police, FMS, social and pension security). Old paper documents will continue to circulate only for some time, so that after the transition period, all citizens will have to accept new passports on a non-alternative basis, which will combine the functions of an identification card, universal access to government databases and commercial services, becoming both a passport and a banking card.

Recalling that the Council of Bishops refrained from theological assessments of identification systems, Father Vsevolod noted that combining electronic databases through a plastic passport can allow the state or other structures to accumulate information about a citizen’s health, his habits, find out what books he buys and where he goes: “ Let's say you are going to apply for public service, and a special program analyzes your purchases, movements and determines your degree of trustworthiness and automatically issues a figure that determines whether you are eligible to work in this position or not.

Full control

With these words spoken by Archpriest Vsevolod at the round table held in the Public Chamber Russian Federation On February 25, the majority of representatives of the country's traditional religious denominations, who also took part in the discussion, agreed.

This is how Father Vsevolod was supported by the head of the Russian United Union of Christians of the Evangelical Faith, Sergey Ryakhovsky, stating that: "The task that legislators face is to ensure not only state security, but also the security of citizens."

Representatives of relevant state departments who came to the round table tried to dispel the doubts of religious leaders. They tried to convince critics of the reliability and safety of the proposed technologies, recalling that when the FMS issues ordinary paper passports, all passport data has long been entered into a special electronic database that is used not only by the FMS and the police, but also by other government departments, for example, the traffic police at issuance of driving licenses. There have been no cases of unauthorized access to these databases so far, employees of the Federal Migration Service say.

“It is necessary to fight not with technology, but with abuses,” Vladimir Platonov, chairman of the Moscow City Duma, also believes. - Even if you can buy information from the traffic police databases on Gorbushka, this does not mean that you do not need to register a car at all. We need to improve the control system, and not abandon the bases.”

With the development of society, man more and more falls under state control: cell phone and bank card can locate a person. Can they be used to harm a person? Yes, like any other technology,” he emphasizes.

Worse than vodka

In response to the remark of the Chairman of the Moscow Duma, religious associations expressed the opinion that if the state strengthens control over a citizen, then citizens should also be able to strengthen their control over the state, in any case, over the data that the new passport will contain and broadcast .

In addition, the chairman of the All-Russian public organization of parents with many children “Many children is good!” came out with an unexpectedly sharp criticism of identification systems. Tatyana Borovikova, she spoke out not only against electronic passports, but also against pension insurance policies that have long been in the form of a plastic card and contain the so-called SNILS (Insurance number of an individual personal account) assigned to the cardholder by the state and mandatory for receiving almost all services related to the system compulsory pension insurance.

“I consider one hundred SNILS to be as sinful an object as a bottle of vodka! she is convinced. “We are forced to organize religious processions around schools and the State Duma in order to protect our territory from officials who let this terrible electronic infection into our country.”

In addition, she admitted that, due to religious beliefs, she does not use the services of Sberbank, which, when making money transactions in its branches, forces customers to accept a serial number in an electronic queue printed on paper by a special terminal.

“It is unacceptable to accept a number instead of a name, this is a grave sin,” Tatyana Borovikova is convinced. Not so long ago, she was forced to pick up the middle child from school, after being introduced there electronic diaries and was never able to enroll her youngest daughter in school, due to the fact that for this she would have to enroll in an electronic queue on the website of the Department of Education.

In all these restrictions, she sees discrimination against believers, and the deputy of the Moscow City Duma made no less radical criticism. Dmitry Mishustin, who admitted that he accepted his passport "containing three sixes" "even before churching."

New world order

Traditionally, the documents developed by the commissions of the Inter-Council Presence are anonymous. Although external experts who are not officially part of the Presence are sometimes involved in their compilation, the texts themselves are presented for the general church discussion without a signature. As the chairman of the Union of Orthodox Citizens admitted Valentin Lebedev, who took part in the work of the round table, among the experts called to voice the opinion of the church community on February 25, there were people who participated in the work of the profile commission and were responsible for the content of the document of the inter-council presence rejected by the Plenum, without naming these experts by name. Some of the considerations that were not included in the final version approved by the council, but contained in the original draft, were voiced by the Orthodox writer, one of the leaders of the movement "For the right to live without a TIN, personal codes and microchips" Valery Filimonov, who supported the infamous Bishop Diomede before his break with the church hierarchy and avoidance of schism.

He stressed that today the world is on the threshold of the formation of a global information society, whose general contours have already been outlined by the relevant international agreements signed at conferences in Okinawa, Orleans and Montreal. These documents, according to him, involve the creation of a universal form of electronic certificates throughout the world and their integration into a single global network. The standards of these agreements generally coincide with the characteristics of the Universal Electronic Card and future passports introduced by the Russian government. “Russia is included in the global community, and the means of identification is just a tool. A computer soulless system identifies a person as a commodity. The human personality itself is reduced to the level of a commodity, the writer is convinced. - No less a threat is the collection of biometric information. The base containing the genetic fund of the people can become a tool for creating a genetic weapon.”

The developers of identification systems hastened to assure the Orthodox expert that the new passports do not imply biometrics, in addition, their holders who do not want to use electronic services will have the opportunity to receive the corresponding services in the traditional way, limiting themselves to identification, including non-electronic: all the data that will be recorded on the chip cards will be duplicated in the traditional printed way on its back, including the owner's surname, name and photograph.

In conclusion, Father Vsevolod Chaplin proposed not to touch upon theological issues in the current composition and proposed to focus on the secular dimension of the issue, we recall once again that this is exactly what the Council of Bishops did. At the same time, he doubted the soteriological arguments made by Orthodox activists: “Orthodox teaching does not fully allow the deprivation of salvation in such matters, except in cases of grave unrepentant sin. And although I know that some people consider the acceptance of documents to be such a sin, this is still a debatable issue.”

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Standing up against electronic slavery

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Federal migration idiocy on a Russian scale

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The stigma of a prisoner to the victorious people?

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A campaign against the project developed by the FMS of the Russian Federation has begun in the Orthodox media and the Internet.

From some well-known human rights activists, there are statements about the start of the mass issuance of an electronic passport to all citizens of Russia as early as January 2015 on the basis of this Decree. Citizens once again experienced shock and call lawyers with the question: “How to refuse an electronic passport, prevent the adoption of the Decree?”. Let's first deal with the content of the draft Presidential Decree and study the situation as a whole.

Seeing the active rejection by society of an electronic passport, the creation of electronic databases of personal data on all Russian citizens, which include all the information about each of us, the FMS of the Russian Federation is trying to transfer the initiative and responsibility to the President of the Russian Federation. For this purpose, a draft Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the issuance and use of a new generation identity card of a citizen of the Russian Federation" has been prepared. The modernizers rely on the increased authority and high rating of the President in connection with his decisive and competent actions on the issue of the annexation of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. The Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation is trying to use this authority as a lever to move towards its cherished goal.

Before the adoption of the federal law on the main document, the FMS is in a hurry to introduce 300,000 electronic identity cards on a trial basis. The draft Decree provides for the issuance from January 1, 2015 of the main identity document in the form of a plastic card with an electronic storage medium containing personal data of a citizen in electronic and graphic form, including biometric data, as well as means and keys of electronic signatures.

Without thinking about possible negative consequences, the FMS proposes to issue electronic certificates in the Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol, as well as in the Krasnodar Territory and the Rostov Region. For the experiment, thoughtlessly, and perhaps deliberately, regions were chosen where the political and economic situation is under the gun of an openly hostile Ukraine that claims Crimea and Sevastopol, as well as the European Union and the United States. These, so to speak, “partners” have set a fraternal state against Russia, they feed it financially, they support informationally and politically the actions of the Ukrainian authorities that contradict the Constitution of Ukraine and international law. Europe and the United States are trying to put pressure on Russia through sanctions, misinform the world community about the events in Ukraine, and groundlessly accuse our country of interfering in the affairs of Ukraine. Despite the manifestation of restraint, adherence to the norms of international law, compliance with all agreements and treaties on the part of Russia, the actions of Ukraine, the European Union and the United States clearly demonstrate their attitude towards confrontation with our country.

History shows that tensions between countries and international alliances tend to defuse in the form of military conflicts. There are no guarantees against such a development of events in the current political situation. This obliges us to take precautions, the need for increased security measures in regions that, even theoretically, can become hotbeds of military conflicts. The issuance of electronic documents to the population, the creation of electronic databases of personal data on its own population is dangerous in any region of the state. The introduction of electronic identity cards entails the creation unified registry documents proving the identity, provided for by the draft Federal Law "On the main document proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation" and the draft Federal Law "On state register basic documents proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The specified registry must contain all information about the person, including biometric data. There are no exceptions for military personnel and members of their families.

An electronic database of personal data on military personnel and their families is a huge help for any forces in the fight against Russia. However, such a simple conclusion, which any sane person will draw, is apparently inaccessible to those who are in a hurry to fulfill international obligations given in a different political situation and dangerous for the country at the present time. Another ill-considered step towards the fulfillment of dangerous obligations is the electronic cards of military personnel. Since 2014, the introduction of personal electronic cards soldier (conscript). These innovations cause justified concern among military personnel and their families. Danger electronic accounting personal data is understood not only by citizens, but also by sober-minded and competent authorities.

Deputy of the Moscow Regional Duma, Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Transport Infrastructure, Communications and Informatization S.I. Zinina sent an appeal to the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (No. 4-538-100 dated April 26, 2014), in which she pointed out the danger of introducing electronic cards for military personnel: “... There are fears that with the introduction of an electronic passport for a conscript, specific information about military personnel, including their location , may be at the disposal of non-core structures, including commercial and foreign ones, involved in the production of "chips", tracking equipment, software and computer support ... ... Domestic military experts, specialists in the field of electronic technologies unanimously claim that "chipization" personnel of the Armed Forces, is a very reckless step, allowing to seize control over our army by the secret services of states hostile to us, which have a sufficiently developed material and technical base for this. At the same time, no, even the most modern advanced protection tools can eliminate such threats. Why waste Russia's resources and funds by putting at stake (in the literal and figurative sense of the word) the defense capability of our country and the lives of its defenders?

Due to the fact that the issue of issuing electronic cards for servicemen of the Russian Army is not only of a military nature, but also of a social and political nature, and the use of electronic cards with chips can cause significant harm to the country and its citizens, I ask you to stop the introduction of the draftee’s electronic passport.” Reasonable warnings went unheeded. From the answer to the deputy S.I. Zinina of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, it clearly follows that the forces promoting Russia into a world supranational state controlled from a single electronic center, is not afraid of the loss of the sovereignty of the country and the threat to the security of its citizens. Electronic cards of military personnel are only an element of a single plan for “electronization of the entire population of Russia”. This does not even require special federal laws.

The response of the General Staff of the Russian Federation (No. 315/4/2390 dated May 21, 2014) to the deputy’s appeal openly states that the introduction of electronic cards for military personnel is carried out in pursuance of Federal Law No. 210 “On the organization of the provision of state and municipal services”. This law introduces a universal electronic card (UEC), on the basis of which all citizens get access to electronic services. This law provides for the right to refuse to receive UEC. Its receipt is not mandatory, which is expressly provided for in Article 26 of the Federal Law No. 210. However, the provision of this article in relation to conscripts was ignored. The content of Federal Law No. 210 has nothing to do with the defense of the country and the issues of documenting military personnel. The law does not contain provisions obliging military personnel to obtain an electronic card. The issuance of documents to military personnel and their form should be determined by the Ministry of Defense and carried out by its departments. Forms of documents of military personnel must first of all meet the interests of the national security of the state and its armed forces. But for experimenters, the momentary and, moreover, very illusory profit from the sale is in the first place. electronic services. For the sake of profit, you can sacrifice both national security and the security of military personnel. In addition, the issuance of electronic cards to conscripts is another brick in the construction e-government”, as well as a demonstration of the fulfillment of obligations and the timing of the transfer of the activities of all bodies to a “transparent electronic form”, stipulated in international treaties.

O.A. Yakovleva, Chairman of the Union of Orthodox Lawyers, lawyer of the Moscow Regional Bar Association, Honorary Lawyer of Russia, expert of the Commission on Interaction between Church, State and Society of the Inter-Council Presence of the Russian Orthodox Church

The collection of signatures under this initiative took place on the initiative working group under the faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the Moscow City Duma and the Coordinating Committee "Against the implementation of the UEC", which oppose law No. 210-FZ, but meanwhile advocate the adoption of the Federal Law on the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation in the form of a standard document without biometric data and electronic media. According to the Communists, the party is acting on President Vladimir Putin's promise that any initiative that collects at least 100,000 signatures will be submitted to the Duma as a matter of priority.
It is worth noting that the history of the release of a "multifunctional" universal electronic card has been going on for more than a year. A pilot project to issue these cards with a budget of 150 billion rubles was launched in Russia back in 2010.
At that time, according to the developers of the "electronic miracle", the ID-card should have become an indispensable attribute of every Russian over the age of 14, and would be useful for all occasions, a kind of alternative, familiar, for example, to Moscow pensioners as the "Moskvich Social Card" only with great opportunities. It was planned to store all information about the owner on the card: insurance policy, pension certificate, social and bank cards, and even, ticket for all types of urban transport. Moreover, they were going to make electronic innovation marital status, data on property and blood type - if God forbid, trouble will happen to a person.
In a number of regions, in addition to standard services, they tried to place additional functions on the cards. For example, on electronic cards in the Krasnodar Territory, it was proposed to introduce an application with which you can pay public utilities, traffic police fines and public transport. In the Astrakhan region, with the help of the UEC, to introduce a system for monitoring school attendance, paying for meals in the canteen and receiving library literature for children.
Despite the pilot launch in individual regions of the Russian Federation, the idea of ​​providing the population with electronic cards all over Russia has not yet been implemented. Among the reasons for the postponement of the issuance of cards were various problems. These are the difficulties associated with the requirement of the federal authorities that the UEC has a domestic chip, and that there is a search for certified specialists - developers. Also, information appeared in the media that the government had almost halved state funding for the project and decided to transfer responsibility for its implementation to commercial banks. Then the State Duma, in turn, passed a law according to which the issuance of ID-cards was postponed from 2012 to 2013. Now, the start date for the mandatory issuance of a universal electronic card to Russians, which, combined with an identity card, has been postponed for another year from 2014 to 2015 And it is assumed that in 2015 UEC will replace electronic passports, which will be able to have the same advanced features. The validity period of such an electronic card is designed for 10 years, during this period internal passports will still be valid, and the Federal Migration Service will issue new passports in the form of cards.
“Two months ago, the Communist Party faction submitted to the State Duma a bill on a paper passport. We believe that there should be no chips, no machine readable records. Everything should be simple and understandable, only the last name, patronymic, year of birth, blood type and, possibly, religion, ”said Vladimir Fedotkin, a State Duma deputy and the main developer of the bill “On the Passport of a Citizen of the Russian Federation”.
“Most of all, what scares me is that on a small piece of plastic you can write not only the name, surname and patronymic of a person, but also his whole fate. Who will use this information and for what - these are unanswered questions,” he said.
It is worth noting that a few years ago, adopted on March 9, 2011, the law of Moscow "On the universal electronic card" caused discontent among the most different categories citizens. The prospect of being “under the hood” of Muscovite officials did not please. So after the adoption of the law "On the Universal Electronic Card" the city parliament received up to 10 thousand appeals against the introduction of UEC - services. AT State Duma More than 10,000 such appeals have been recorded. Muscovites have repeatedly staged protests in front of the city hall and on Pushkinskaya Square. At that time, almost 38% of citizens opposed having their personal data under control. What was it connected with?
The situation with the protection of personal data in our country is too far from perfect, you will not surprise anyone with another “scandalous” story with the sale of a database on the market. Not surprisingly, the law provoked a negative reaction from Muscovites. Even at the Nuremberg trials, it was established that assigning depersonalizing numbers to people is a crime that does not have a statute of limitations, - notes the deputy of the city parliament Andrei Klychkov, - it turns out that each person is assigned a number, and with one button you can turn it off from all services and delete it from history . Therefore, today we are together with public organizations we oppose the introduction of digital media, for the preservation of the validity of the passport and for the abolition of the 210th federal law "
Characteristically, in a number of countries, in particular in South Korea, China, Germany and England, the experience of issuing electronic cards proved to be untenable, and due to the inability to ensure the security of personal data, these services were suspended and canceled.
Maria Klimanov