INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

POLYMER PACKAGING FOR FOOD PRODUCTS

General specifications

Official edition

SSH1LCHNM!fP[M

GOST 33837-2016

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established in GOST 1.0-2015 “Interstate standardization system. Basic Provisions” and GOST 1.2-2015 “Interstate Standardization System. Interstate standards. rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, updating and cancellation "

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TK 415 "Closures" (LLC "CSI" Prodmashtest ")

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (protocol* dated June 28, 2016 No. 49)

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of September 6, 2016 No. 1051-st, the interstate standard GOST 33837-2016 was put into effect as a national standard Russian Federation from April 1, 2017

5 This standard has been developed to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations Customs Union TR TS 005/2011 "On the safety of packaging"

6 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system general use - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet ()

© Standartinform. 2016

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced. replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

GOST 33837-2016

1 area of ​​use............................................... ...................one

3 Terms and definitions .......................................................... .................2

4 Classification................................................... ......................2

5 Basic parameters and dimensions .................................................. ...........3

6 Technical requirements............................................................... ...............3

7 Safety and security requirements environment.....................................5

8 Rules for acceptance ............................................... ......................6

9 Methods of control ............................................... ......................8

10 Transport and storage............................................................... ..........nine

11 Manufacturer's Warranty............................................................... ................10

Annex B (informative) Identification of polymer packaging .............................................. 12

Bibliography................................................. .......................13

GOST 33837-2016

INTERSTATE STANDARD

POLYMER PACKAGING FOR FOOD PRODUCTS General specifications

Polymeric package for food stuff. General specifications

Introduction date - 2017-04-01

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to polymer packaging intended for packaging food products, including baby food, and establishes its classification, parameters, technical requirements, as well as control methods, acceptance rules and requirements for labeling, transportation and storage.

This standard does not apply to plastic bags, polyethylene terephthalate bottles. transport polymeric packaging, as well as boxes, measuring vessels, cultural, household and household items and disposable tableware made of polymer materials.

2 Normative references

8 of this standard are used Normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 12.1.004-91 Occupational safety standards system. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.005-88 System of labor safety standards. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area

GOST 12.3.030-83 System of labor safety standards. Processing of plastics. Safety requirements

GOST 12.4.021-75 System of labor safety standards. Ventilation systems. General requirements

GOST 17.2.3.01-86 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Rules for air quality control in settlements

GOST 17.2.3.02-2014 Rules for establishing permissible emissions of pollutants by industrial enterprises

GOST OIML R 76-1-2011 State system ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Non-automatic scales. Part 1. Metrological and technical requirements. Tests GOST 164-90 Height gauges. Specifications GOST 166-89 (ISO 3599-76) Calipers. Specifications GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rulers. Specifications GOST 2226-2013 Bags made of paper and composite materials. General specifications GOST 6507-90 Micrometers. Specifications

GOST 9142-2014 Corrugated cardboard boxes. General specifications GOST 10354-82 Polyethylene film. Specifications GOST 10905-86 Calibration and marking plates. Specifications GOST 12026-76 Laboratory filter paper. Specifications GOST 14192-96 Cargo marking

Official edition

GOST 33837-2016

GOST 16337-77 High pressure polyethylene. Specifications GOST 16338-85 Low pressure polyethylene. Specifications GOST 17527-2014 (ISO 21067:2007) Packing. Terms and definitions GOST 19360-74 Film liners. General specifications GOST 20282-86 General purpose polystyrene. Specifications

GOST 24054-80 Products of mechanical engineering and instrumentation. Leak test methods. General requirements

GOST 24888-81 Plastics, polymers and synthetic resins. Chemical names, terms and definitions

GOST 25250-88 Polyvinyl chloride film for the manufacture of containers for food and medicines. Specifications

GOST 26996-86 Polypropylene and propylene copolymers. Specifications GOST 32180-2013 Closures. Terms and Definitions

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet ish according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions

This standard uses the terms according to GOST 17527, GOST 24888 and GOST 32180, as well as the following term with the corresponding definition:

3.1 polymer can: Consumer packaging, having a body in the form of a cylinder, a truncated cone, tapering towards the bottom. or shaped case, with a flat or concave bottom, with a removable lid and handle.

Note - It is allowed to use the term "polymer bucket" for a polymer jar with a removable lid and a handle with a capacity of more than 1 dm 1.

4 Classification

4.1 Polymer packaging is divided into types and types according to table 1. Table 1

GOST 33837-2016

It is allowed, in agreement with the customer, to produce polymer packaging of other types and types. including those with handles, provided that it complies with the requirements of this standard. Methods for fixing closures are established in the standards and technical documentation for polymer packaging of specific sizes for specific types of products.

4.2 8, depending on the purpose, polymer packaging is divided into packaging:

For food products with humidity up to 15%;

For food products with a moisture content of more than 15%.

The use of polymer packaging for food products, depending on the type, is given in Appendix A.

4.3 8 depending on the manufacturing method, polymer packaging is divided into:

a) molded

b) molding;

c) extrusion.

4.4 Polymeric packaging is made from colored and unpainted polymeric materials, the color of the products is specified when ordering.

5 Main parameters and dimensions

5.1 Geometric dimensions, capacity, weight of polymer packaging and maximum deviations from the established parameters must comply with the requirements of standards, technical documentation. standard samples and approved drawings for polymer packaging of specific sizes.

6 Technical requirements

6.1 Polymer packaging is manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard, according to the technical and design documentation, approved drawings and / or reference samples.

6.2 Characteristics

6.2.1 The main quality indicators of polymer packaging must comply with the requirements. indicated in table 2.

table 2

GOST 33837-2016

End of table 2

6.2.2 Polymer packaging in contact with food products, including baby food, must comply with the sanitary and hygienic indicators specified in the technical regulation (Appendix 1) and must not release substances in quantities into the model media in contact with it. harmful to human health and exceeding the allowable amounts of migration of chemicals.

6.2.3 Mechanical strength requirements

6.2.3.1 The force of resistance to compression P, N. is calculated by the formula

P = 9.81t ---. (one)

where m is the mass of polymer packaging with products, kg:

H - stack height, m;

h H - outer height of the polymer package, m.

If the height of the stack is not set, then when determining the design compressive strength, it is taken equal to 2.5 m.

6.2.3.2 The force of resistance to compression P. N, taking into account the coefficients of dynamic loads (1.2-1.3) is calculated by the formula

GOST 33837-2016

6.3 Requirements for raw materials

6.3.1 For the manufacture of polymer packaging, apply the following materials and raw materials: full-tylene in accordance with GOST 16337 and GOST 16338. polypropylene in accordance with GOST 26996, polystyrene in accordance with GOST 20282, polyvinyl chloride film in accordance with GOST 25250. polyamide, polycarbonate, polystileteterephthalate according to standards or technical documentation or imported production with a specified level of technical characteristics. providing the possibility of their use for the manufacture of packaging.

6.3.2 Process waste is used in the manufacture of packaging own production(in the presence of a closed production cycle for the manufacture of packaging) or recycled plastic raw materials allowed for contact with food products. The allowable amount of technological waste of own production or recovered raw materials is set in the standards and technical documentation for packaging for candy products.

The use of technological waste and secondary raw materials in the manufacture of plastic packaging for baby food is not allowed.

6.4 Marking

6.4.1 The marking shall contain a numerical code and/or letter designation(abbreviation) of the material from which the packaging is made, and contain the symbols given in Appendix B.

6.4.2 The marking must be applied directly to the package and contain the following information:

Trademark of the manufacturer (if any);

Numerical code and / or letter designation of the material;

Capacity (l);

Symbol for packaging intended to come into contact with foodstuffs:

Symbol for recycling of used packaging .

The marking may contain additional information.

6.4.3 Marking is carried out:

In the molding process with the appropriate sign and symbol included in the mold design;

Embossed, printed or otherwise applied.

6.4.4 Markings shall be legible, clear, indelible and easily legible.

6.4.5 Marking of transport containers - in accordance with GOST 14192 with the application of manipulation signs. “Fragile. Caution", "Keep away from moisture" and "Keep out of sunlight".

6.5 Packaging

For packing polymer packaging, film liners are used in accordance with GOST 19360; polyethylene film bags in accordance with GOST 10354; paper bags in accordance with GOST 2226; corrugated cardboard boxes in accordance with GOST 9142.

For packaging polymer packaging, in agreement with the customer, it is allowed to use other types of packaging that provide protection from pollution, precipitation, mechanical damage and the safety of polymer packaging during transportation and storage.

7 Safety and environmental requirements

7.1 Polymer raw materials and packaging made from them are non-toxic under normal conditions and do not have a harmful effect on the human body.

7.2 Destruction products, their maximum allowable concentrations (MPC) in the air of the working area of ​​industrial premises, hazard class and effect on the human body - according to GOST 12.1.005.

7.3 In the manufacture of polymer packaging, safety rules must be observed in accordance with GOST 12.3.030 and measures fire safety according to GOST 12.1.004. as well as model fire safety rules for industrial enterprises.

7.4 Production facilities must be equipped with general ventilation, ensuring the concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area, not exceeding the maximum allowable. Ventilation systems for production, storage and auxiliary premises - according to GOST 12.4.021.

GOST 33837-2016

7.5 Environmental protection - according to GOST 17.2.3.01. Permissible emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere - according to GOST 17.2.3.02.

7.6 In the process of manufacturing polymer packaging, the possibility of environmental pollution by production waste should be excluded. Polymeric waste generated during the production of packaging is recyclable. Waste unsuitable for recycling must be disposed of in accordance with the established procedure.

8 Acceptance rules

8.1 Polymer packaging is accepted in batches. A batch is considered to be the number of packages of the same standard size and purpose, made from the same material, produced practically in same conditions in the same period of time and executed by a quality document containing:

Name of the manufacturer and his trademark(in the presence of):

Legal or actual address of the manufacturer;

Name and symbol of polymer packaging;

Batch number;

Number of polymer packaging in a batch:

Designation of a standard or technical documentation for polymer packaging of a specific type and size:

Test results or confirmation of the conformity of the quality of polymer packaging to the requirements of this standard and / or technical documentation for products of a specific type and size.

8.2 Each batch of polymer packaging is subjected to an external inspection, which determines the safety of their packaging and the correctness of the labeling. To control the safety of packaging and labeling, a sample is selected from the batch in accordance with table 3.

Table 3

8.2.1 A lot is considered acceptable if the number of nonconforming packaging units is less than or equal to the acceptance number. If the number of nonconforming packaging units is greater than or equal to the rejection number. the lot is deemed unacceptable and sent for repackaging or labeling. After elimination of inconsistencies, re-inspection is carried out on a double sample of packaging units from the same lot. The results of the retests are final.

8.3 The quality control of polymer packaging for compliance with the requirements of this standard is carried out according to a single-stage plan of normal control at a general control level II (table 5) or a special control level S-4 (table 6) and acceptable quality limit (AQL) values ​​in accordance with table 4.

Table 4

GOST 33837-2016

End of table 4

8.4 For quality control, polymer packages are randomly selected from a lot from different places in the volumes indicated in tables 5 and 6.

Table 5 - Single stage plan under normal control

Table 6 - Plan for special control S-4

Note - In this table, the following designations are used: Ac - acceptance number: Re - rejection number.

8.5 If the number of nonconforming polymer packaging units in the sample is less than or equal to the acceptance number. party is deemed acceptable. If the number of nonconforming polymer packaging units found in the sample is greater than or equal to the rejection number. party is considered unacceptable.

GOST 33837-2016

9 Control methods

9.1 Before testing, the samples are kept for at least 4 hours at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and relative humidity (65 ± 5)%.

9.2 The appearance of the polymer packaging is controlled visually without the use of magnifying devices, by comparison with approved reference samples and the requirements established in the standards or technical documentation for specific types and sizes of polymer packaging.

9.3 To measure the geometric dimensions of the polymer packaging, a caliper is used according to GOST 166 with an error of not more than 0.1 mm; height gauge according to GOST 164 with an error of not more than 0.1 mm: metal measuring ruler according to GOST 427 with a scale division of 1 mm and a measurement range: 0-150 mm; 0-300mm; 0-500mm; 0-1000 mm. also use a calibration metal plate according to GOST 10905 or a horizontal metal stand.

The number of test samples, measurement methods and values ​​of the measured parameters are set in the standards or technical documentation for a specific type and size of polymer packaging.

9.4 Determining the minimum wall thickness

9.4.1 To control the wall thickness, at least 10 pieces are selected. samples. Samples are cut out at different package heights. The wall thickness of the obtained samples is measured in four places with a micrometer according to GOST 6507. The smallest value of all measurements is taken as the measurement result.

It is allowed to determine the wall thickness of the polymer packaging with other measuring instruments. providing measurement accuracy.

9.5 The weight of the polymer package is determined on a scale according to GOST OIML R 76-1 with a division value of not more than 0.1 g. The arithmetic mean of ten measurements is taken as the test result. The deviation of the package weight from the nominal value is set in the standards and technical documentation for a specific package size.

9.6 Determining the gross capacity

A clean and dry sample of the product is weighed on a balance. Then it is filled to the brim with water at a temperature of (22 ± 5) ° C and weighed again, determining the total mass. When weighing, the outer surface of the sample must be dry. The difference between the weight of the polymer package filled with water and the weight of the empty sample in grams corresponds to the total capacity of the sample in cubic centimeters (1 g of water equals 1 cm3).

9.7 Determination of tightness

9.7.1 Determination of tightness is carried out in one of the following ways:

9.7.1.1 Method A

Tests are carried out on 10 samples. Samples with defects characterized by surface deformation are not used for testing.

The polymer package is filled up to the nominal volume with dyed water at a temperature of (22 ± 5) ° C or with the packaged products, sealed and placed in a horizontal position on filter paper according to GOST 12026 and kept for at least 2 hours. The package is considered to have passed the test if no traces of liquid seepage are observed or products on filter paper.

9.7.1.2 Method B

The tightness of the package is controlled according to GOST 24054.

9.8 Hot water test

9.8.1 The polymer packaging is filled with water at a temperature of (70 ± 5) °C and kept for 10-15 minutes. then the water is removed from the package and wiped dry. The samples must remain unchanged from the reference sample, and the water in the dyed packages must not change color.

GOST 33837-2016

9.9 Strength of the handles

9.9.1 To control the fastening strength of the handles, the sample is filled with a product, water or bulk material with a mass of 1.1 of the permissible mass of the packaged product and kept in a suspended state for 1 hour.

9.9.2 The sample passed the test if there are no visible damages (cracks, dents, breaks) of the handles and the attachment points of the handles. The test result is considered satisfactory if the number of samples that passed the test correspond to the value established in the standards or technical documentation for specific types of packaging.

9.10 Free fall impact test

At least three samples are subjected to the test.

9.10.1 The strength of a polymer package filled with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C and sealed with a closure is determined by dropping it onto a metal or concrete surface. The distance between the lowest point of the sample and the surface must be at least 0.8 m. When dropping, free fall (without rotation) of the product to the bottom must be ensured. When dropped twice, the sample should not have mechanical damage leading to loss of tightness.

9.11 Compressive strength control

The test is subjected to at least 5 samples.

9.11.1 To control products, a device is used that allows compression tests in the axial direction and provides load measurement with an error of ± 2%.

9.11.2 Instruments that measure the geometric dimensions of the sample with an error of not more than 0.05 mm.

9.11.3 The test sample is filled to its nominal capacity with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C or with products and closed with a closure.

9.11.4 Place the specimen between the base plates as follows. so that its vertical axis coincides with the direction of the load. Create a vertical load that increases to the value calculated according to 6.2.3, which is set in the technical documentation for specific types and sizes of packaging. After reaching the established standard values, the load is removed. The sample is taken out and examined. Residual deformation in the sample is allowed without its destruction and the absence of leakage.

By agreement with the customer, it is allowed to test on other equipment and in a different way.

9.12 Warping of polymer packaging of cylindrical and conical shapes is checked by measuring diameters in at least two mutually perpendicular directions with a caliper according to GOST 166.

Warping V.%. calculated according to the formula

where A is the difference in diameters, mm;

E - nominal value of the diameter, mm.

9.13 Organoleptic control of polymer packages is carried out in accordance with regulatory documents and/or medical instructions (2).

10 Transport and storage

10.1 Polymer packaging is transported by all means of transport in covered vehicles in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport.

10.2 Polymer packaging is stored on pallets at a distance of at least 5 cm from the floor in ventilated rooms. odorless rooms, in the absence of direct sunlight, on

GOST 33837-2016

at a distance of at least 1 m from heating devices, at a temperature not lower than minus 5 °C and relative air humidity not more than 80%.

Other storage conditions are allowed to ensure the preservation of the quality and consumer properties of the polymer packaging.

11 Manufacturer's warranties

11.1 The manufacturer guarantees the compliance of the polymer packaging with the requirements of this standard, subject to the conditions of transportation and storage.

11.2 Guaranteed shelf life of polymer packaging - 12 months from the date of manufacture.

Types of polymer packaging used for food products

GOST 33837-2016

Annex B (informative)

Identification of polymer packaging

B.1 Numerical code and letter designation (abbreviation) of the material according to the standard. from which polymer packaging is made are indicated in Table B.1.

Table B.1

*Use only uppercase letters.

For example, polyethylene terephthalate:

B.2 Symbols applied to the package, characterizing the package - see drawings B.1 and B.2.

Figure B.1 - Packaging intended for contact with food products

Figure B.2 - The possibility of recycling used packaging (c. b - Mobius loop)

GOST 33837-2016

(1] Technical regulation of the Customs Union TR CU 005/2011

(2] Medical instruction MI NB 880-71

International Standard ISO 11469:2000 (ISO 11469:2000)

Bibliography

On the safety of packaging (approved by the decision of the Commission of the Customs Union of August 16, 2011 No. 769)

Instructions for the sanitary-chemical examination of products made from polymeric and other synthetic materials intended for contact with food products

Plastics. General identification and marking of plastic products (Plasbcs - Generic identification and marking of plastics products) *

* The official translation of this standard is in the Federal Information Fund of Technical Regulations and Standards of the Russian Federation.

GOST 33837-2016

UDC 621.798.1:678.5:006.354 MKS 55.020

Key words: polymer packaging, food products, tightness, strength, acceptance rules*, control methods

Editor Yu.V. Yaroeikova Technical editor V.N. Prusakova Proofreader I.A. Koroleva Computer layout E.E. Krugova

Handed over on the set 09/08/2016. Signed and stamped on 21.09.2016, Format 60 “84 Vg. Lrial headset. Uel. oven l. 2.32 Uch.-ed. 2.10. Circulation 37 echo Eac. 2243.

Based on electronic version provided by the developer of the standard.

Published and printed by FSUE STANDARTINFORM*. J2399S Moscow. Garnet lane.. 4.

Polymeric sacks. General specifications

Group D93
OKS 55.080;
OKP 22 9719

Foreword

1. Developed and introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 223 "Packaging".
2. Adopted and put into effect by the Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated March 2, 2001 N 104-st.
3. The standard is harmonized with international standards ISO 6591-2-85 "Bags. Designation and measurement method", ISO 7965-2-93 "Bags. Drop test".
4. Introduced for the first time.

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to bags made of polymer films intended for packaging, transportation and storage of bulk products weighing up to (50 +/- 1) kg, at temperatures from minus 40 to plus 60 °C.
Mandatory requirements for the quality of bags are set out in 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.2.3, 4.4.3.
Bags intended for packaging, transportation and storage of dangerous goods must meet the requirements of GOST 26319.

This standard uses references to the following standards:
GOST 12.1.004-91. System of labor safety standards. Fire safety. General requirements
GOST 12.1.005-88. System of labor safety standards. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area
GOST 12.1.007-76. System of labor safety standards. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements
GOST 12.1.010-76. System of labor safety standards. Explosion safety. General safety requirements
GOST 12.2.003-91. System of labor safety standards. Production equipment. General safety requirements
GOST 12.2.061-81. System of labor safety standards. Production equipment. General safety requirements for workplaces
GOST 12.3.030-83. System of labor safety standards. Processing of plastics. Safety requirements
GOST 12.4.011-89. System of labor safety standards. Means of protection for workers. General requirements and classification
GOST 427-75. Metal measuring rulers. Specifications
GOST 10178-85. Portland cement and slag Portland cement. Specifications
GOST 10354-82. The film is polyethylene. Specifications
GOST 14192-96. Cargo marking
GOST 14236-81. Films are polymeric. Tensile test method
GOST 15140-78. Paintwork materials. Methods for determining adhesion
GOST 16337-77. High pressure polyethylene. Specifications
GOST 17035-86. Plastics. Methods for determining the thickness of films and sheets
GOST 17308-88. Twine. Specifications
GOST 17811-78. Polyethylene bags for chemical products. Specifications
GOST 18106-72. The transport container is filled. Designation of test containers
GOST 18425-73. The transport container is filled. Free fall impact test method
GOST 19433-88. Loads are dangerous. Classification and labeling
GOST 20477-86. Polyethylene tape with a sticky layer. Specifications
GOST 21798-76. Container. Test Conditioning Method
GOST 26319-84. Loads are dangerous. Package
GOST 26663-85. Transport packages. Formation using packaging tools. General technical requirements
GOST R 50460-92. Mark of conformity for mandatory certification. Shape, dimensions and technical requirements.

3. Classification, main parameters and dimensions

3.1. The bags must be of the types indicated in Table 1.

Table 1

Symbols used in the figures:
a - bag length, b - bag width, e - fold width, c - bottom width, k - valve width, / - valve length, t - valve cuff length, p - seam width.

3.3. Bottom width c for bags of types III, IV should be 130 - 170 mm. Seam width e bags types II, III, VI - 90 mm.
Valve length l - 85 - 130 mm.
Valve width k - 85 - 130 mm.
Valve cuff length m - 95 - 140 mm.
It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer, to install other sizes of the valve and cuff.

3.4. Limit deviations of bag sizes should not exceed, mm:
along the length - +/- 10;
in width - +/- 10;
on the width of the bottom and top - +/- 10;
on the width of the fold - +/- 5;
along the length and width of the valve - +/- 5;
along the length of the valve cuff - +/- 5.

3.5. The symbol of the bag when ordering and in the documentation of other products must contain:
- short name of the bag - MPE;
- bag type - I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII;
- length and width of the bag, mm;
- film thickness and designation of the normative document.
Example symbol type I bag 850 mm long, 550 mm wide, made of 0.200 mm thick polyethylene film:

MPEI - 850 x 550 - 0.200 GOST R 51720-2001

4. Technical requirements

Bags must be manufactured by heat sealing or gluing in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to regulatory documents and working drawings approved in the prescribed manner.

4.1. Characteristics

4.1.1. Bags must have a uniform seam width (4 +/- 2) mm, without cracks and burnt places.
In bags of types I, II, the distance from the edge to the seam should not exceed 10 mm. It is allowed to produce bags without edges.

4.1.2. The strength of the seal of the bag must be at least 60% of the tensile strength of the film.
The peel strength of the adhesive joint must be at least 4.9 N/cm (kgf/cm).

4.1.3. The drop height in free fall and test cycles are set in the regulatory documents for bags for specific types of products. If the drop height and test cycles are not specified, then the bags must withstand at least three drops from a height of 1.2 m.

4.1.4. Bags should not have sticking of internal surfaces.

4.1.5. Bags must be free of tears, cracks and through holes. Non-adhesives (air bubbles) of reinforcing sheets are allowed, subject to 4.1.2.

4.1.6. The width of the top of Type VII bags must be equal to the width of the bottom.
The valve must be colored or must have a colored arrow indicating its location. The reinforcing sheet must be matte.

4.1.7. By agreement with the consumer, the bags can have dot perforations for air to escape.

4.1.8. By agreement with the consumer, color printing can be applied to the surface of the bags. The print should be clear, without distortion, gaps, the text should be easy to read.

4.2. Raw material requirements

4.2.1. Bags must be made from tubular film grade H in accordance with GOST 10354, obtained by processing high-pressure polyethylene in accordance with GOST 16337 grades that provide the specified physical and mechanical properties of bags and their performance characteristics.
It is allowed to manufacture bags from films obtained from compositions of polyethylene with polymers, or other materials according to regulatory documents that provide the specified physical and mechanical properties of the bags and their performance characteristics.

4.2.2. Bags are made from a film with a thickness of:
(0.150 +/- 0.030) mm - for products weighing no more than 20 kg;
(0.200 +/- 0.030) mm - for products weighing over 20 kg and not more than 30 kg;
(0.220 +/- 0.030) mm - for products weighing over 30 kg and not more than (50 +/- 1) kg.
It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer, to produce bags from a film of a different thickness, which ensures the operational characteristics of the bags.

4.2.3. Bags for food products must be made of films approved for contact with food by the sanitary and epidemiological supervision authorities of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

4.2.4. For gluing bags, adhesives of domestic or imported production according to regulatory documents should be used, which ensure the strength of gluing the bag.

4.2.5. Adhesives for bags intended for food packaging must be approved for use by the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance authorities of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

4.3. Package

4.3.1. Bags of the same type and size are stacked in bales of 25 - 100 pcs. Bales are packed in plastic bags. Bags with packed bales are brewed or sealed. It is allowed to tie bales with twine in accordance with GOST 17308 or packing tape from polymeric materials according to regulatory documents without subsequent packaging in plastic bags.
Bales of bags are formed into transport packages according to GOST 26663.

4.4. Marking

4.4.1. Each pile of bags must be marked (or labeled) in accordance with GOST 14192 indicating the following data:
- trademark and (or) name of the manufacturer and its legal address;
- batch number;
- conditional designation of bags;
- the number of bags in a bale;
- date of manufacture;
- designation of the normative document according to which the bags are made;
- inscriptions "For food products" for bags in contact with food products;
- handling signs "Keep away from moisture", "Keep away from sunlight".
Transport marking - according to GOST 14192.

4.4.2. It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer, to apply markings on the bags that characterize the products being packed.

4.4.3. Bags intended for dangerous goods are marked in accordance with Appendix 2 of GOST 26319 and GOST 19433.

4.4.4. For bags that have passed mandatory certification, the shipping documentation indicates the mark of conformity in accordance with GOST R 50460 or the number of the certificate of conformity.

5. Safety requirements

5.1. The materials from which the bags are made do not emit toxic substances into the environment at room temperature and do not affect the human body upon direct contact. You don't need to work with them. special measures precautions.

5.2. When polymer raw materials are heated during processing above the melting temperature, volatile products of thermal-oxidative degradation containing organic acids, carbonyl compounds, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and acetic acid, may be released into the air.

5.3. If the concentration of these substances in the air of the working area is above the maximum permissible level, acute and chronic poisoning is possible. Formaldehyde causes an irritating, sensitizing effect. Acetaldehyde, carbon monoxide and acetic acid have a general toxic effect on the body.
Ethyl acetate has a narcotic effect. Vapors of ethyl acetate and polyisocyanate cause irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract.

5.4. The maximum permissible concentrations of harmful vapors and gases of thermal-oxidative destruction in the air of the working area of ​​industrial premises must comply with GOST 12.1.005, mg/m3:
formaldehyde - 0.5;
acetaldehyde - 5.0;
carbon oxide - 20.0;
acetic acid - 5.0;
ethyl acetate - 200.0;
polyisocyanate - 400.0.

5.5. The bags are made in industrial premises equipped with local exhaust and general ventilation. Workplaces must be organized in accordance with GOST 12.2.003, GOST 12.2.061. Relative humidity in working rooms should be at least 50%.
The air exchange rate in the room should be at least 8. General exchange ventilation is taken equal to 0.5 local at an air speed in the exhaust ventilation of 2 m/s.
The technological regime for the production of bags is carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.030 in compliance with the fire and explosion safety rules in accordance with GOST 12.1.004 and GOST 12.1.010.

5.6. Facilities personal protection workers in the production of bags must meet the requirements of GOST 12.4.011.

6. Requirements for resource saving and ecology

6.1. In order to save resources and exclude environmental pollution, the waste generated during the manufacture of bags, and bags that were in use, must be processed into secondary raw materials at enterprises for the processing of polymeric materials.
Used bags contaminated with harmful chemicals are buried in special landfills in accordance with established sanitary standards.

7. Acceptance rules

7.1. Bags are presented for acceptance in batches. A batch is considered to be the number of bags not more than 100,000 pcs. of the same type, size, made from the same batch of raw materials and issued by one quality document, which must contain:
- trademark and (or) name of the manufacturer and its legal address;
- lot number and release date;
- conditional designation of bags;
- number of bales;
- test results or confirmation of the conformity of the quality of the bags to the requirements of the regulatory document according to which the bags are made;
- mark of conformity or number of the certificate of conformity.

7.2. During quality control of bags, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out.
During acceptance tests, the appearance of the bags, film thickness, adhesion of the inner surfaces of the bags, print quality, continuity and strength of the seams are monitored.
In case of periodic tests and in case of disagreement in assessing the quality, bags that have passed acceptance tests are subjected to control tests for mechanical impact strength in free fall.

7.3. To control the quality of bags, a sample is taken in the amount of 0.1% of bags, but not less than 15 pcs.

7.4. If at least one bag in the sample does not meet the requirements of the normative document for bags for a particular type of product, a double sample taken from the same lot is checked.
Based on the results of the re-inspection, the batch is considered to comply with the requirements of the regulatory document if all the bags in the sample comply with the requirements of the regulatory document.

7.5. In the regulatory documents for bags for specific types of products, it is allowed to establish other levels and procedures for testing.

8. Test methods

8.1. The bags selected in the sample are visually inspected to identify tears, cracks, through holes, the continuity of the seam, the quality of the sizing of the reinforcing sheets are checked.
The bags selected in the sample are conditioned in accordance with the requirements of GOST 21798, mode 4 (E) for 4 hours.

8.2. To control the size of the bags and the thickness of the film, 10 bags are selected from the sample.
The dimensions of the bags are measured with a ruler in accordance with GOST 427 with an accuracy of 1 mm. Measurements are carried out at the points indicated in figures 1 - 9.
The film thickness is measured according to GOST 17035.
For testing, two strips with a length of at least 200 mm and a width of 100 - 120 mm each are cut from each bag along its entire width at a distance of at least 300 - 500 mm from each other.

8.3. To determine the tensile strength of the weld, 5 bags are selected from the sample.

From each bag cut out 5 specimens (15 +/- 0.2) mm wide and (100 +/- 5.0) mm long. Samples are cut from various sections of the weld in the longitudinal direction of the bag.
The seam should be located in the middle and be perpendicular to the length of the sample.
Before testing, measure the film thickness of the specimen at three locations. The minimum value is taken into account.
Tensile strength welds bags are determined according to GOST 14236 on a tearing machine, the working scale of which is chosen so that the measured load is in the range from 10% to 90% of the nominal value of the scale, and the distance between the clamps is set (50 +/- 1.0) mm. Clamps spreading speed - (500 +/- 50.0) mm/min.
For folded, flapped, folded and flapped bags, the tests are carried out on 3 specimens cut in the area of ​​the two-layer weld and on 3 specimens cut in the area of ​​the four-layer weld.
The test result is taken as the arithmetic mean of the determinations for each bag.
The result is calculated separately for two-layer and four-layer welded joints.

8.4. To determine the strength of the adhesive seam of the bag, 5 bags are selected from the sample. From each bag, cut out in the area of ​​a two-layer connection of the bottom and top, 5 samples each with a width of (15 +/- 0.2) mm and a length of (100 - 150 +/- 5) mm according to Appendix B. Samples are tested no earlier than after 24 hours after making bags. The samples are stratified to a length that ensures their secure fastening in the clamps of the machine.
Tensile clamp spreading speed - (100 +/- 10) mm/min.
During testing, the fluctuations of the force meter needle are monitored and at least 5 pairs of maximum and minimum force readings are recorded on a scale.

where - P cf average delamination force, N;

B- sample width, mm.

Average delamination force P cf calculated as the arithmetic mean of at least three of the smallest maximum readings of the force meter.
For the test result for each bag, take the arithmetic mean of five measurements.

8.5. To test bags for impact in free fall, 5 bags are selected from the sample. The symbolic designation of the surfaces of the bags is set in accordance with GOST 18106. The bags are tested in accordance with GOST 18425 on a drop device with drop-down flaps that ensure the free fall of the bag in a given position, lifting and dropping the bag, setting the drop height with an error of not more than +/- 5 cm.
In the free fall impact test, the bag is filled to its full capacity with a product or props corresponding to the maximum mass of the packaged product.
Portland cement according to GOST 10178, sand, sawdust or a mixture thereof can be used as props. The props in the bag should be evenly distributed. The filled bag is brewed, while the air above the product must be previously expelled. The prepared bag is placed on the drop-down platform of the device so that the parting line of the flaps runs along the middle of the bag. Then raise the platform to a height of 1.2 m or another height according to the requirements normative documents on bags for a specific type of product, open the flaps and drop each sample of bags with an open top: once on the surface of the bag 1, 3, 5; valve bags - on the surface 1, 2, 5.
Bags are considered to have passed the test if, after testing under the specified conditions, they do not have ruptures that affect the safety of the contents.

8.6. The control of adhesion of the inner surfaces of an empty bag is carried out according to GOST 17811.

8.7. The quality of printing is checked in accordance with GOST 15140 (method 4) with a polyethylene tape with an adhesive layer in accordance with GOST 20477 or by another method according to regulatory documents.

9. Transportation and storage

9.1. Bags are transported by all means of transport in covered vehicles in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport.
Transportation of bags in packages - in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force on specific modes of transport.

9.2. Vehicles must be clean, dry and free from sharp protruding parts. If necessary vehicles should be lined with paper or cardboard. If there are sharp protruding parts, they should be wrapped with paper or other materials. Vehicles must be selected and prepared for the transport of bags in fire safety in accordance with the rules in force for specific modes of transport.

9.3. The bales of bags in the car must be stacked in such a way that shifts are excluded during shocks, as well as piles of bales on the doors of the car.

9.4. Bale bags are unloaded from vehicles using loading and unloading mechanisms.

9.5. Bales of bags should be stacked in stable piles.

9.6. Bags must be kept closed. warehouses protected from direct sunlight.

When stored in a heated room, the bags are placed at a distance of at least 1 m from heating devices.

When storing bags in bales, the height of the stack should be no more than 2.5 m.

10. Instructions for use

10.1. Filling bags

10.1.1. Bags must be filled using special filling machines and devices.

10.1.2. When packing products in bags with a valve, air must first be removed from them by:
- application of perforation in the area of ​​the valve;
- pre-compression of the product using a vibration device located between the hopper and the packaging machine;
- vibrations and suction of air in the process of filling the bag;
- removal of air from the product on the crimping rollers after filling the bag or by other methods.

GOST 12302-83 Packages made of polymeric and combined materials. General specifications

Interstate standard

GOST 12302-83
"Packages made of polymeric and combined materials.
General technical conditions"

Bags made of polymeric and composite materials. General specifications

Instead of GOST 12302-72 in terms of bags made of polymeric materials

This standard applies to bags made of polymeric and combined materials intended for packaging and storage of industrial products.

Mandatory requirements for the quality of packages, aimed at ensuring their safety for the life and health of the population, as well as for the environment, are set out in , , , , , .

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 3).

Limit deviations from the internal dimensions of the packages should be established in the regulatory and technical documentation for packages for specific types of products.

Packages intended for automated packaging of products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard and the regulatory and technical documentation for packages for specific types of products.

It is allowed to produce bags from films of other types - depending on the requirements for packaging specific types of products.

2.1, 2.2. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

It is allowed to use other adhesive materials, the quality of gluing of which is not lower than those indicated.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 2).

The inner surfaces of the bag must not stick together.

The seams should be located from the edge of the bag at a distance of 0 to 10 mm.

It is allowed, depending on the properties of the packaged products, to place the seams at a distance of more than 10 mm from the edge of the package.

In the manufacture of bags with double-row seams ( and ), the distance between the seams should be no more than 8 mm.

Bags used for packaging products under vacuum and in an inert gas environment must be airtight.

In the manufacture of tear bags, a serrated or sawtooth seam is allowed.

The strength of the seams of packages made of combined films should not be lower than:

for packages with a mass of packed products

up to 3.5 kg - from 2.0 to 6.0 N/cm (from 0.2 to 0.6 kgf/cm);

St. 3.5 to 7.5 kg - from 7.0 to 10.0 N/cm (from 0.7 to 1.0 kgf/cm).

2.9, 2.10. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1, 3).

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

For the manufacture of bags, films and adhesives are used that meet the hygienic requirements and sanitary standards provided for by the regulatory documentation for films and adhesives, and approved for use by the sanitary and epidemiological supervision authorities.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;

Name of product;

Batch number;

The number of bales in the batch;

date of manufacture;

Stamp of the department of technical control.

According to the results of the control of the first sample, the batch is accepted if the number of packages that do not meet the requirements of this standard in the first sample is less than or equal to the acceptance number indicated in , and rejected if this number is greater than or equal to the rejection number indicated in Table. 2.

If the number of packages that do not comply with the requirements of this standard in the sample is greater than the acceptance number, but less than the rejection number specified in , then a second sample is taken.

Based on the results of the control of the second sample, the batch is accepted if the number of packages that do not meet the requirements of this standard in two samples is less than or equal to the acceptance number indicated in , and rejected if this number is greater than or equal to the rejection number indicated in Table. 2.

3.1-3.3. (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

Packages are tested under the same atmospheric conditions in which they were conditioned.

It is allowed to test packages under conditions different from conditioning conditions, if the time from the end of conditioning to the end of the test of the sample does not exceed 10 minutes.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.6, 4.7. (Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

(Introduced additionally, Rev. N 3).

Stacks of packages are formed into bales and wrapped in wrapping paper according to GOST 8273 or placed in bags of hard-welded films and sealed.

It is allowed to transport plastic bags in rolls with a clearly marked tear line. Rolls must be packed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 10354.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

Name of the manufacturer and its trademark;

Names and brands of the material from which the package is made;

Package type and size;

The number of packages in a bale;

Packer numbers;

Designations of the regulatory and technical document for packages.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 3).

Storage of packages should be carried out under the conditions established for polymer films from which they are made.

Transportation of bales formed into transport packages - according to GOST 26663.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 2).

(Introduced additionally, Rev. N 1).

Polyethylene is not just a ubiquitous material, but also a part of our modern life. Polyethylene is used in various fields- from Food Industry and before space exploration. Garbage bags made from polyethylene are very popular. They are convenient for collecting waste and allow you to make cleaning work more efficient. Such bags can be used everywhere: at enterprises, in offices, on the street or at home.

The mass production of plastic bags began in 1957, and immediately they were in great demand. Bags with handles appeared much later, after almost twenty years. Today, garbage bags are made from the following materials:

• HDPE - low pressure polyethylene;
• PVD - high pressure polyethylene.

Types of bags made from LDPE polyethylene

Several grades of LDPE are produced. Polyethylene 15813-020, which belongs to the highest grade, is very common in the industrial and domestic spheres. LDPE bags are stored indoors, which are protected from direct sunlight. Bags are stored at a distance of at least 1 m from heating devices.

The material has the following features:

• Resistance to mechanical damage;
• Elasticity;
• Convenient application of dyes and long-term retention of them on the surface;
• Brightness and attractiveness of colors;
• Cold resistance;
• Strength.

Garbage bags have a strength of up to twenty kilograms. The same material is also used to reinforce the die-cut handles for bags made from PSD or HDPE. The use of this technology helps to increase the load capacity. Such bags are widely used in trade in cases where not only the colorful emblem on the package is important, but also the strength of the bag. In addition, such bags are used in the food industry and medicine.

Production, as well as the characteristics of HDPE bags, are regulated in accordance with GOST 16338-85. These packages are characterized by a characteristic rustling. The molecular structure of the material ensures its high strength. At the same time, in terms of elasticity, such bags are not inferior to LDPE bags. If, however, a die-cut handle is made in such a product, there will be no need to strengthen it, while the carrying capacity of the package, which is 25-30 kilograms, will not decrease. The disadvantages of HDPE bags include their low resistance to negative temperatures: in severe frosts, they become vulnerable. Dyes on the surface of such bags look paler and less saturated. But in terms of their strength characteristics, HDPE is superior to LDPE. These bags are mainly used for packaging products in the food industry.

Mixed pressure polyethylene combines the best properties of HDPE and PSD. Garbage bags are also made from such polyethylene. This material combines strength with elasticity and can be recognized by its rustling and glossy surface. It is used for the manufacture of packaging and packaging bags, its maximum load capacity is thirty kilograms.

Biodegradable bags

Today, biodegradable bags are also being produced that have similar characteristics to conventional plastic bags. But at the same time, the decay time of such packages is only a few years under such minimal conditions as access to light, water and oxygen. The service life of garbage bags when using the d2w oxo additive is fourteen months. For their storage, you can use a cool, dark room protected from sunlight, in which the temperature does not rise above plus thirty degrees.

Manufacturing process of plastic trash bags

The production of garbage bags begins with the process of processing polymer waste, represented by synthetic thermoplastic materials, to which polyethylene also belongs. The raw materials are offcuts and residues, which, due to their size, cannot be used in primary production. High-quality lumpy waste from the polymer industry is usually used. Also, HDPE bags can be made from various household waste (for example, used disposable tableware). Since the composition of such raw materials may include various impurities, it must be carefully prepared for processing.

As a raw material, in addition to various wastes, agglomerate can be used. Also suitable raw materials are secondary granules, capable of adhering to each other very tightly. Polymers are processed in several stages before entering production:

• primary sorting of polymers;
• crushing of raw materials;
• washing, then drying (using a washer, centrifuge, and also a dryer);
• ranulation.

Description of the recycling process

The procedure for the production of garbage bags from recycled granules includes two main stages: extrusion and subsequent processing of the material on special machines that form bags.

Extrusion consists of the following steps:

• Granular polyethylene is supplied in special containers or on pallets;
• Raw materials are manually poured into special floor bins;
• Rotating screws capture the granules during processing, then moving them along a screw channel located along the axis of the machine cylinder;
• From friction and heaters, polyethylene heats up, after which it melts;
• The resulting material is compressed by a screw, then forced into the forming head through the grate (there is also underwater granulation used in the most powerful machines).

The filter meshes located on the grate do not allow foreign components and contaminants to enter the polyethylene mass. The output is a polyethylene sleeve, which must be inflated. For this purpose, a compressor is used. The resulting polyethylene film is cooled with air to the temperature necessary for the solidification of the raw material. Then the polyethylene, passing through the rubber and wooden shafts, is squeezed and wound into a roll using a conveyor.

During the extrusion process, dyes, stabilizers and plasticizers are added to recycled materials. Dyes help to give polyethylene the desired color, and the last two substances help to improve it. physical and chemical properties. The thickness of the resulting film is determined by the characteristics of the equipment, it can be from 10 to 200 microns. Such an indicator as the carrying capacity of the package depends on the thickness of the film. A bag made of polyethylene 14-15 microns thick can withstand up to three kilograms of cargo, and more than 40 microns thick - up to twenty kilograms.

When the extrusion process is completed, a polyethylene sleeve is obtained, which then enters the bag forming machine for further processing, which includes the following processes:

• cutting of polyethylene;
• folding;
• sealing the seams of the product;
• perforation along the tear line for garbage bags produced in rolls.

If necessary, for plastic bags printing is carried out. Such packets are pre-treated by corona discharge. Emblems and logos can be applied using flexography or silkscreen printing.

In the production of garbage bags, recycled polyethylene waste is used. The most popular are packages of thirty, sixty or one hundred and twenty liters. Large bags with a volume of two hundred liters are used for packaging and subsequent removal of bulky waste or a large number of small ones.

Features of choice

If for ordinary household garbage, then garbage bags with a volume of 20 to 35 liters are suitable, which are optimal for a regular bucket with a volume of 10-12 liters.

If garbage bags are needed for use in the garden, in the country or for packing bulky items, then you should pay attention to garbage bags marked 60-120 liters.
Well, if you have a repair, then look for bags made of LDPE with a volume of 120 liters or more, which have special strength and cut resistance.

HDPE or PVD?
One more important point A: All garbage bags differ in strength. The fact is that they are made using different technologies. The polyethylene that is used to make garbage bags is of two types: high pressure or low density polyethylene (LDPE or LDPE) and low pressure or high density polyethylene (HDPE or HDPE).
As a rule, thin bags (from 5 to 15 microns) are made from HDPE, while key feature is the tensile strength of the material. Often used as a packaging material. Thin bags of HDPE are intended mainly for light garbage cleaned daily (offices, hotels). Thicker ones are suitable for garbage containers that are removed as they are full.
Thick (from 20 microns) bags are made of LDPE. Despite the fact that LDPE bags are more stretchable than HDPE bags, this does not affect consumer qualities: at the same time, they are more resistant to punctures, and thicker polyethylene allows you to extend the life of such a bag. The main purpose is street cleaning, heavy garbage, food waste.

Garbage bag color.
Garbage bags, well, or trash bags can be found in completely different colors - from black to glamorous gold. However, it should be taken into account that thin colored bags in the filled state will be almost transparent and when taking out the garbage, the contents of this bag will be visible to others.
As for smells, bags can smell like strawberries, bananas, apples, and even jasmine. Scented bags are supposed to help eliminate bad odors, but this is more of a consumer marketing gimmick!
If this characteristic matters to you, then don't worry: even the most sophisticated consumer has something to choose from, since each company tries to add as many varieties as possible to its line of garbage bags. Needless to say, the number of manufacturers of household goods is increasing every day, because these are goods daily demand and they will be in demand in any economic conditions.

Ties.
What really matters is the way you tie the package. It can be problematic to tie and carry a garbage bag filled to the top. Therefore, high-quality garbage bags have either handles with which you can tie the bag, or a drawstring. You will have to pay for convenience - these categories of packages are somewhat more expensive than usual ones. But remember that the drawstrings are only for tightening the bags, not for carrying them. Therefore, it is possible that when carrying, the ties will be torn.

Garbage bags or used shopping bags?
Many of us, instead of garbage bags, use T-shirt bags in which we brought groceries from the store. On the one hand, this is correct, they are similar in size and material, but using them, there is one important drawback. The T-shirt package, thanks to the side folds, has a folded bottom, which forms two holes when loaded. If any liquid accumulates in such a bag, this liquid will be outside and the garbage bin will be constantly dirty.
HDPE trash bags have a vertical cross seam on the bottom, which reduces the possibility of liquid leakage.

Harm to the environment

IN Lately worldwide, the consumption of polyethylene and various plastic packaging is increasing significantly, and as a result of this growth, the amount of plastic waste is increasing. In Moscow alone, 500,000 tons of plastic waste are generated per year. Under normal conditions, polyethylene decomposes in 100-150 years, so the amount of plastic waste increases from year to year. The main environmental advantage of garbage bags is their recyclability. And this opportunity is used by all manufacturers of similar goods, exposing the bags to recycling.
But environmentally friendly products today are not just a fashion trend, they are the future. Therefore, biodegradable bags appeared. Biodegradable garbage bags are a small but still help to our planet in the fight against pollution. Due to a special additive, these bags completely decompose in just 2-3 years, instead of 100-150 years. At the same time, according to their characteristics, biodegradable bags are in no way inferior to ordinary ones.

GOST 12302-2013

INTERSTATE STANDARD

PACKAGES FROM POLYMER FILMS AND COMBINED MATERIALS

General specifications

Packs made of polymeric films and composite materials. General specifications

MKS 55.080

Introduction date 2014-01-01

Foreword

Foreword

Objectives, basic principles and general rules carrying out work on interstate standardization, GOST 1.0 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, updating and cancellation"

About the standard

1
PREPARED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TK 223 "Packaging" (JSC "Research and Experimental Design Institute of Containers and Packaging")

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of August 28, 2013 N 58-P)

Voted to accept:

4 interstate standard GOST 12302-2013 was put into effect as a national standard of the Russian Federation on January 1, 2014.

5 This standard has been developed based on the application of GOST R 52903-2007 *
_________________
* Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of August 28, 2013 N 639-st GOST R 52903-2007 was canceled from January 1, 2014

6 This standard has been prepared to ensure compliance with the requirements of the technical regulation of the Customs Union TR TS 005/2011 "On the safety of packaging"

7 INSTEAD OF GOST 12302-83

8 REVISION. March 2019


Information on the entry into force (termination) of this standard and changes to it in the territory of the above states is published in the indexes of national standards published in these states, as well as on the Internet on the websites of the relevant national standardization bodies.

In case of revision, change or cancellation of this standard, the relevant information will be published on the official website of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification in the "Interstate Standards" catalog

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to bags made of polymer films and combined materials (hereinafter referred to as bags) intended for packaging food and industrial products.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 12.1.004-91 Occupational safety standards system. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.2.003-91 Occupational safety standards system. Production equipment. General safety requirements

GOST 12.3.030-83 Processing of plastics. Safety requirements

GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rulers. Specifications

GOST 7730-89 Cellulose film. Specifications

GOST 8273-75 Wrapping paper. Specifications

GOST 9142-90 Corrugated cardboard boxes. General specifications
__________________
GOST 9142-2014 is valid.

GOST 10354-82 Polyethylene film. Specifications

GOST 10779-78 Polyvinyl alcohol. Specifications

GOST 11293-89 Gelatin. Specifications

GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods

GOST 14236-81 Polymer films. Tensile test method

GOST 16272-79 Polyvinylchloride plasticized technical film. Specifications

GOST 17527-2003 Packaging. Terms and Definitions
___________________
GOST 17527-2014 (ISO 21067:2007) is in force.


GOST 17811-78 Polyethylene bags for chemical products. Specifications

GOST 18992-80 Coarsely dispersed polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion. Specifications

GOST 19360-74 Film liners. General specifications

GOST 20477-86 Polyethylene tape with a sticky layer. Specifications

GOST 21140-88 Packaging. Size system

GOST 21798-76 Filled transport containers. Test Conditioning Method

GOST 26663-85 Transport packages. Formation using packaging tools. General technical requirements

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards and classifiers on the official website of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (www.easc.by) or according to the indexes of national standards published in states specified in the preface, or on the official websites of the respective national standardization bodies. If an undated reference is given to a document, then the current document, mutatis mutandis, should be used. If the referenced document is replaced by a dated reference, then the indicated version of this document should be used. If, after the adoption of this International Standard, a change is made to the referenced document to which a dated reference is made that affects the provision to which the reference is made, that provision shall apply without regard to that change. If the document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the link to it is given applies in the part that does not affect this link.

3 Terms and definitions

This standard uses the terms according to GOST 17527, as well as the following term with the corresponding definition:

3.1 rebate width: The distance between the outer fold lines of the straightened fold.

4 Types, basic parameters and dimensions

4.1 Packages are made of the types specified in Appendix A.

4.2 It is allowed to produce bags with a different arrangement of seams, depending on the properties, weight and dimensions of the packaged products, provided that the products are preserved.

4.3 The types and sizes of packages are set in the technical documentation for packages for specific types of products as agreed with the consumer (customer).

The dimensions of the packages are set in accordance with the requirements of GOST 21140, taking into account the properties of the packaged products, the dimensions of the shipping container and the type of packaging equipment.

4.4 Limit deviations in length and width of packages should not exceed ±10 mm.

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Packages are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technical documentation, technological regulations, working drawings for packages for specific types of products.

5.2 Characteristics

5.2.1 The surface quality of the bags, except for the seams, must comply with the requirements of the technical documentation for polymer films and composite materials from which the bags are made.

5.2.2 Cracks, tears and holes are not allowed on the surface of the packages.

Packages should not have sticking of internal surfaces.

5.2.3 Packages made of heat-sealable films must have welded seams no more than 10 mm wide.

The width of the seams of vacuum bags is set in agreement with the consumer.

Seams are located at a distance of up to 10 mm from the edge of the bag. By agreement with the consumer, depending on the properties of the packaged products, it is allowed to place seams at a distance of more than 10 mm from the edge of the package.

In the manufacture of bags with double-row seams, the distance between the seams should be no more than 8 mm.

5.2.4 Welded seams of the bags must be airtight, even along the entire length, without burnt places and folds.

5.2.5 The adhesive seam must be even, without non-glued places and folds.

5.2.6 Bags glued from cellulose film must have seams no more than 30 mm wide.

5.2.7 Bags used for packaging products under vacuum and in an inert gas environment, as well as for liquid and pasty products, must be airtight.

5.2.8 It is allowed to manufacture the neck of the package with a notch on one of the sides, with serrated or sawtooth edges, with one side shorter than the other along the entire width of the package by no more than 20 mm.

On bags with a straight bottom, supplied in the form of rolls, a tear line in the form of a perforation is placed parallel to the bottom seam.

5.2.9 The tensile strength of the welded seams of the packages must be at least 0.7 of the tensile strength of the film.

5.2.10 Bags can be made with handles (cut-out, loopback), lock (clasp), dispenser, perforated to remove air, the requirements for which are set in the technical documentation for bags for specific types of products, depending on the purpose, size and weight of the packaged products.

5.2.11 A bag with handles must withstand a load of at least 1.1 of the permissible weight of the packaged products.

5.2.12 On the surface of the packages, in agreement with the consumer (customer), apply color printing. Samples of inscriptions and printed drawings are agreed with the consumer (customer). The print must be clear and easy to read. No contamination or stains from printing ink are allowed, which make it difficult to read the inscriptions and distort the drawings, peeling of the ink.

The displacement of the position of the elements of decoration relative to that indicated in the technical documentation in the figures should not worsen the appearance of the package.

5.2.13 Printing logos, barcodes and trademarks must be clear and concise.

5.2.14 In case of multi-color printing, the shift of colors relative to the contour or each other by no more than 0.5 mm is allowed.

5.2.15 The quality of printing is determined with a polyethylene tape with an adhesive layer according to GOST 20477 or a white cloth soaked in hot water, which should not leave traces of paint applied to the surface of the package.

5.3 Requirements for raw materials and supplies

5.3.1 For the manufacture of bags, polyethylene film is used according to GOST 10354, cellulose film according to GOST 7730, technical plasticized PVC film according to GOST 16272, polypropylene film, biodegradable and multilayer films, combined film materials according to technical documentation.

For the manufacture of packages intended for anti-corrosion protection of packaged products, Zirast inhibited polyethylene film is used according to technical documentation.

It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer (customer), to produce packages from films of other types, depending on the requirements for packaging specific types of products.

5.3.2 The thickness of the film is set in the technical documentation for packages for specific types of products, depending on the purpose, methods of sealing, weight and dimensions of the packaged products and requirements that ensure the safety of products during transportation and storage.

5.3.3 For gluing cellulose film bags, adhesives based on polyvinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 18992, carboxymethyl cellulose according to technical documentation, gelatin according to GOST 11293, polyvinyl alcohol grade PVA 7/1 according to GOST 10779 are used.

It is allowed to use other adhesive materials that ensure the quality of bonding is not lower than those indicated.

5.3.4 Sanitary and hygienic safety indicators and standards for substances emitted from materials used for the manufacture of packages in contact with food products must comply with the requirements of the technical regulation.

Bags intended for packaging baby food, perfumes and cosmetics, toys, children's assortment products must not release substances into the model and air environments in contact with them in quantities harmful to human health, exceeding the maximum allowable amounts of migration of chemicals in accordance with the national legislation.

5.4 Marking

5.4.1 Package labeling should contain:





- the name of the person authorized by the manufacturer, the importer, his legal address and contact numbers;





- date of manufacture (month, year);

- shelf life;



- the inscription "For food products" or the corresponding pictogram for packages in contact with food products;

- information about the possibility of recycling the bags after their use or the eco-label symbol (Möbius loop) indicating the symbol of the material (abbreviation or digital code) from which the bags are made;

- bar code (if any);

- sign of circulation in the market.

The marking is indicated in the accompanying documentation and / or applied to the label, which is pasted or enclosed in each transport unit (bale, bag or box) with packed bags.

5.4.2 It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer (customer), to apply directly on the packages a marking containing:

- trademark and/or name of the manufacturer;

- conditional (numerical or alphabetic) designation of the material from which the package is made; environmental label symbol (Möbius loop);

- designation of this standard or technical documentation, according to which the package is made;

- a pictogram for packages intended for packaging food products.

5.4.3 By agreement with the consumer (customer), the packages are marked with a marking characterizing the products being packed.

5.4.4 Transport marking - according to GOST 14192.

Handling signs are applied to the transport packaging according to GOST 14192: "Keep away from moisture", "Do not take with hooks", "Protect from sunlight".

On transport packages, in agreement with the consumer (customer), transport marking is applied to one of the sides of the transport package.

5.4.5 Methods, place of application and content of marking for a specific type of packages are established in the technical documentation for packages for specific types of products.

The marking must be clear and easy to read.

5.5 Packaging

5.5.1 Packages of the same type and size, made from the same brand of material, are stacked.

5.5.2 The stacks of packages are pressed and fastened with tape made of film materials, polyethylene tape with an adhesive layer according to GOST 20477 or any strapping material.

Stacks of packages are formed into bales, wrapped in wrapping paper according to GOST 8273 or packed in bags made of polymer films, which are sealed or sealed with a tape with a sticky layer, or placed in corrugated cardboard boxes according to GOST 9142.

The mass of a bale, a bag or a box with packages must not exceed 20 kg.

Bales, bags and boxes are formed into transport packages, taking into account the requirements of GOST 26663.

5.5.3 When delivering bags in rolls, the rolls are packed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 10354.

5.5.4 Upon agreement with the consumer (customer), other types of package packaging are allowed to ensure the safety of the packages during transportation and storage.

6 Safety requirements

6.1 The bags must be non-toxic and must not have a harmful effect on humans when used under normal room and atmospheric conditions (temperature - from minus 20°C to plus 30°C, pressure - 760 mm Hg).

6.2 Packages are manufactured in production facilities equipped with local exhaust and general ventilation. Workplaces must be organized in accordance with GOST 12.2.003.

The technological mode of production of packages must be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.030 in compliance with fire safety rules in accordance with GOST 12.1.004.

7 Requirements for resource saving and ecology

7.1 In order to save resources and exclude environmental pollution, the waste generated during the manufacture of bags, as well as bags that were in use, should be disposed of or recycled into secondary raw materials at enterprises for the processing of polymeric materials.

7.2 Packages that were in use and unsuitable for processing into secondary raw materials must be buried or destroyed in the manner established by law states.

8 Acceptance rules

8.1 Packages are presented for acceptance in batches. A batch is considered to be the number of packages of the same type, size and design, made from the same type of material, with the same quality characteristics, issued by one quality document.

Packages with various decorations, finishes and packaging aids may be included in a lot.

The quality document includes:

- name of the country of manufacture;

- name of the manufacturer, its legal address and contact numbers;

- trademark (if any);

- name, purpose, type and size of the package;

- name or conditional (numerical or alphabetic) designation of the material from which the package is made;

- batch number;

- the number of packages in the party;

- date of manufacture;

- designation of this standard or technical documentation, according to which the packages are made;

- test results or confirmation of the conformity of the quality of the packages with the requirements of this standard;

- information on the sanitary and epidemiological assessment of packages intended for packaging food products, medicines, children's toys and perfumery and cosmetic products;

- information about the need to dispose of the bags after their use or an eco-label sign (Mobius loop).

It is allowed to enter other information regarding the quality of the packages in the quality document.

8.2 When controlling the quality of packages, acceptance, periodic or type tests are carried out in accordance with the documentation for packages for specific types of products.

The list of controlled indicators is established in accordance with table 1.


Table 1

8.3 Acceptance tests are carried out for each controlled batch of packages.

Type tests are carried out according to all quality indicators specified in the documentation for packages for specific types of products, when putting products into production, when introducing and using new materials, changing the technology for producing packages, with disagreements in assessing the quality of packages.

8.4 Periodic testing of packages is carried out at least once a month on batches of packages that have passed acceptance tests.

By agreement with the consumer (customer), depending on the purpose of the packages, it is allowed to establish other periods for periodic testing and a list of controlled indicators in the technical documentation for packages for specific types of products, technological regulations, supply contracts, contracts.

8.5 Acceptance of batches of packages is carried out by statistical acceptance quality control.

The plan and procedure for sampling control are established in the technical documentation for packages for specific types of products in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents for statistical methods and sampling procedures approved in the prescribed manner.
_______________
In the Russian Federation, GOST R ISO 2859-1-2007 "Statistical methods - Attribute sampling procedures - Part 1: Sampling plans for successive lots based on an acceptable level of quality" is in force.

8.6 If a statistical acceptance control plan is not established in the technical documentation for packages for specific types of products, then the package control is carried out according to a two-stage normal sampling plan at a general control level II by an alternative attribute based on the acceptable quality limit AQL, the recommended values ​​of which are given in table 2 .


table 2

8.7 To conduct quality control, samples are randomly selected from different places of a batch of packages in the volumes indicated in Table 3, and control is carried out according to the relevant indicators.

Depending on the batch size of the packages, the sample size and the acceptable quality limit AQL (%), the acceptance and rejection numbers are determined according to Table 3.


Table 3

8.8 If the number of nonconforming batch units of the first sample does not exceed the acceptance number, then the batch of batches is accepted.

If the number of nonconforming package units of the first sample is in the interval between the acceptance and rejection numbers or exceeds the rejection number, it is necessary to control the second sample with the volume specified by the plan. The number of nonconforming packet units found in the first and second samples is summed.

If the total number of nonconforming batch items is less than or equal to the second stage acceptance number, the lot is considered acceptable.

If the total number of nonconforming items is greater than or equal to the second stage rejection number, the lot is considered unacceptable.

8.9 If no packages are found in the first sample that do not meet the requirements for strength tests, then the packages selected for the second sample are not tested for strength.

8.10 In agreement with the consumer (customer), depending on the purpose of the packages and the significance of inconsistencies in the controlled quality indicators of the packages, it is allowed to establish other quality control plans in the technical documentation for packages for specific types of products, supply contracts, contracts, technological regulations.

9 Control methods

9.1 Before testing, the packages are conditioned according to GOST 21798: mode 5 at a temperature of 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 65% for 4 hours.

Packages are tested under the same atmospheric conditions in which they were conditioned.

It is allowed to test packages under conditions different from conditioning conditions, if the time from the end of conditioning to the end of the test of the sample does not exceed 10 minutes.

9.2 Compliance of packages 4.1, 4.2, 5.2.2, 5.2.4, 5.2.5, 5.2.12-5.2.14, 5.4 and 5.5 is controlled visually.

9.3 The dimensions of the packages, the width of the seams, the displacement of the pattern and colors of the paint are controlled by a ruler in accordance with GOST 427 with an error of not more than 0.5 mm.

9.4 The thickness of the film is controlled along the perimeter of the package. The first measurement is carried out at a distance of (10 ± 1) mm from the side fold or seam of the package, subsequent measurements are taken every (50 ± 1) mm.

The control method and measurement error must comply with GOST 10354.

9.5 The strength test of the package welds is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 14236.

The tests are carried out on specimens 15 mm wide and at least 150 mm long. Samples in an amount of at least five pieces are cut out from different sections of the seams so that the seam is located in the middle of the sample.

The weld seam must be located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the movable grip of the testing machine.

The speed of movement of the movable gripper of the tensile testing machine is (500±50) mm/min.

The arithmetic mean of the test results is taken as the strength of the weld.

9.6 The tensile strength of the seams of cellulose film bags is controlled according to GOST 7730.

9.7 To control the tightness of welds, the bag is filled to 2/3 of its volume with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ° C, sealed or sealed and kept in a suspended state for 30 minutes.

As a result of the test, there should be no leakage.

9.8 The tightness of the packages is controlled in accordance with GOST 19360.

9.9 To control the strength of the bag with handles, the bag is filled with water or loose material with a mass equal to 1.1 of the permissible weight of the packaged products, and kept in a suspended state for 1 hour.

After the test, there should be no breaks in the film, seams of the bag and handles. Slight deformation of the handles is allowed without breaking the seams.

9.10 The control of adhesion of the inner surfaces of an empty bag is carried out as follows: strips of self-adhesive tape are glued on both outer surfaces of the bag at the upper edge in the middle of the bag width. The protruding part of the strips is applied with the adhesive side to the middle so that two holders are formed, after which the package is opened with the help of the holders.

After testing, there should be no breaks in the film or holders.

9.11 The quality of printing is checked in accordance with GOST 17811 with a polyethylene tape with an adhesive layer in accordance with GOST 20477 or by rubbing manually ten times without pressure with a white cotton cloth dipped in water heated to 60 ° C.

The tape or fabric must not be dyed.

10 Transport and storage

10.1 Packages are delivered to the consumer (customer) in bales, bags, boxes formed into transport packages on pallets in accordance with the requirements of GOST 26663.

10.2 Packages are transported by all modes of transport in clean, dry covered vehicles or universal containers in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for the respective mode of transport.

10.3 By agreement with the consumer (customer), the packages are delivered in bales, bags and boxes without forming them into transport packages.

10.4 Bales, bags, boxes and overpacks are placed in vehicles and secured in such a way that their displacement is excluded during transportation.

10.5 Packages are stored in closed, clean and well-ventilated warehouses that provide protection from atmospheric precipitation, soil moisture, elevated temperature, subject to the conditions established for the storage of polymer films and combined materials from which they are made, and in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation for packages for specific types of products.

11 Manufacturer's warranties

11.1 The manufacturer guarantees the compliance of the packages with the requirements of this standard, provided that the consumer observes the conditions of transportation, storage and operation.

11.2 Guaranteed storage periods for packages are set in the technical documentation for packages for specific types of products.

The recommended shelf life of bags made of polymer films is 6 months, of combined materials - 12 months.

11.3 After the expiration of the warranty period of storage, it is allowed to conduct control tests on the main indicators for compliance with the requirements of this standard. Upon receipt of positive test results, the packages can be approved for use and used for their intended purpose.

Table A.1