Electrical engineering. GOST 24936-89: Permanent magnets for electrical products. General technical requirements. OKS: Electrical engineering, Magnetic materials. GOSTs. Permanent magnets for electrical products. .... class=text>

GOST 24936-89

Permanent magnets for electrical products. General technical requirements

GOST 24936-89
Group E31

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

PERMANENT MAGNETS FOR ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS

General technical requirements

Permanent magnets for use in electrical products. General technical requirements

OKP 34 9844; 34 9847; 34 9849

Valid from 01.01.91
until 01.01.96*
_______________________________
* Expiry date removed
according to protocol N 5-94 of the Interstate Council
for standardization, metrology and certification
(IUS N 11/12, 1994). - Database manufacturer's note.

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Electrical Industry and Instrumentation
PERFORMERS

A.I. Gridnev, Ph.D. tech. Sciences (theme leader), M.A. Podporina, A.A. Zhuravleva, D.L. Voskresensky

2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Product Quality Management and Standards dated September 21, 1989 N 2805

3. Term of check - 1995, periodicity - 5 years.

4. REPLACE GOST 24936-81

5. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

Amended, published in IUS N 3, 1991.
The amendment was made by the database manufacturer.

This standard applies to permanent magnets that are components of electrical products and are manufactured in the form of parts or assembly units.
The terms used in this standard and their explanations are given in Appendix 1.

1. MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS

1.1. Executions of magnets, their names (full and abbreviated) must correspond to those given in Fig. 1-15, explanations of the designations are given in Appendix 2, the letter "C" is added to the abbreviated letter designation of assembly magnets.

VERSIONS OF MAGNETS AND THEIR NAMES

Damn.1. Star-shaped with internal poles (ISV)

Star-shaped with internal poles (ISV)

Damn.1

Damn.2. Star-shaped with external poles (MZN)

Star-shaped with external poles (MZN)

Damn.3. Prismatic with flat parallel poles (MPP)

Damn.4. Prismatic with flat non-parallel poles (MPN)

Damn.5. Cylindrical with axial magnetization (MTSO)

Cylindrical with axial magnetization (MTSO)

Damn.6. Cylindrical with diametral magnetization (MCD)

Cylindrical with diametral magnetization (MCD)

Damn.6

Damn.7. Cylindrical with radial magnetization (MCR)

Cylindrical with radial magnetization (MCR)

Damn.7

Damn.8. Arc-shaped with plane-parallel poles (MDP)

Arc-shaped with plane-parallel poles (MDP)

Magnet sector angle; - outer radius; - inner radius
Damn.8

Damn.9. Arcuate with poles located in one (single) plane (MDE)

Arcuate with poles located in one (single) plane (MDE)

Overall dimension
Damn.9

Damn.10. Arc-shaped with diametrical magnetization (DMD)

Arc-shaped with diametrical magnetization (DMD)

Damn.10

Damn.11. Arc-shaped with radial magnetization (MDR)

Arc-shaped with radial magnetization (MDR)

Damn.12. Arc-shaped with magnetization along the arc (MDV)

Arc-shaped with magnetization along the arc (MDV)

Devil 12

Damn.13. Segment with axial magnetization (MSO)

Segment with axial magnetization (MSO)

Damn.14. Segmental with diametrical magnetization (MSD)

Segmental with diametrical magnetization (MSD)

Damn.15. Segmental with magnetization along the arc (MSV)

Segmental with magnetization along the arc (MSV)

1.2. Symbol structure of magnets

a) star-shaped

An example of a symbol for a star-shaped magnet with internal poles with the serial number of the brand of magnetic material 07, the number of poles 4, implicit poles, with an outer diameter of 40, an inner diameter of 20, a length of 25 mm:
МЗВ 07-04Н-40/20-25.
The same, a star-shaped magnet with outer poles, with the serial number of the brand of magnetic material 9, the number of poles 12, pronounced poles, with an outer diameter of 30, an inner diameter of 10, and a length of 15 mm:
MZN 09-12-30/10-15.
The same, a star-shaped assembly magnet with external poles with the serial number of the brand of magnetic material 9, the number of poles 12, pronounced poles, with an outer diameter of 30, an inner diameter of 10, a length of 15 mm:
MZNS 09-12-30/10-15.

b) Prismatic

An example of a symbol for a prismatic magnet with plane-parallel poles with a serial number of a magnetic material grade of 21, with a length in the direction of magnetization 25, a height of 15, a width of 10 mm:
MPP 21-25-15-10.

c) Cylindrical

An example of a symbol for a cylindrical magnet with an axial direction of magnetization with the serial number of the brand of magnetic material 21, with an outer diameter of 25, an inner diameter of 10 and a length of 15 mm:
ICO 21-25/10-15.

d) arcuate

An example of a symbol for an arcuate magnet with plane-parallel poles with a serial number of a magnetic material grade of 31, an outer diameter of 50, an inner diameter of 40, an angle of 30 ° and a width of 20 mm:
MDP 31-50/40-30°-20.

e) Segment

An example of a symbol for a segment magnet with axial magnetization with a magnetic material brand number 05, with an overall size of 30, a height of 40 and a width of 25 mm:
МСО-05-30-40-25.

2. GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Appointment Requirements

2.1.1. Magnets should be characterized by one or a combination of several magnetic parameters:
magnetic flux or magnetic induction in the control magnetic system (hereinafter - CMS) with a non-magnetic gap in the zone of maximum magnetic energy;
magnetic flux in the CMS in the working non-magnetic gap;
magnetic flux in the CMS in the working non-magnetic gap after partial demagnetization by completely opening the magnetic circuit;
magnetic flux in the CMS in the working non-magnetic gap after repeated exposure to demagnetizing fields;
residual magnetic flux in an open magnetic circuit;
residual magnetic flux in a closed magnetic circuit;
residual magnetic flux in a closed magnetic circuit after partial demagnetization;
magnetic induction at the pole in an open magnetic circuit;
coercive force by magnetization, coercive force by induction, or conditional coercive force.
By agreement with the consumer, magnets can be characterized by other magnetic parameters that ensure maximum equivalence of test conditions with operating conditions.

2.1.2. Basic values ​​of the specific gravity of magnets

2.1.2.1. The specific mass of magnets (kg/kJ) is calculated as the ratio of the mass of the magnet to its energy.

2.1.2.2. The calculation of the energy of the magnets (kJ) is given in Appendix 4.

2.1.2.3. The basic values ​​of the specific gravity of magnets manufactured in the form of a part are given in Appendix 5.

2.1.3. The star-shaped magnets rotating in the completed product must withstand an increased speed equal to:
150% of the nominal value - for magnets with a rotation speed in the completed product up to 416.7 s (25000 rpm) inclusive;
125% of the nominal value - for magnets with a rotation speed in the completed product over 416.7 s;
nominal - for magnets used in a complete product with a reinforcing bandage, but not more than a frequency corresponding to a threefold margin of safety.

2.2. Reliability Requirements

2.2.1. The full service life is set in the technical documentation for specific types of magnets, the minimum values ​​​​are selected from a range of 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 25 and 35 years.

2.2.2. The shelf life of the magnets must be within the full service life.

2.2.3. Reliability requirements are provided by the magnet manufacturing technology.

2.3. Design requirements

2.3.1. Dimensions, maximum deviations of sizes and shapes of magnets must comply with those specified in the working drawings or specifications for magnets of specific types.

2.3.2. Materials according to GOST 17809, GOST 24063, GOST 21559, GOST 24897 and other hard magnetic materials are used as magnetic materials.

2.3.3. The mass of magnets (reference) is set in the technical documentation for magnets of specific types.

2.3.4. Surface Requirements*
________________
* For the assembly magnet, the requirements apply only to the outer (open) surfaces.

2.3.4.1. Specific requirements for external surfaces are set in the technical documentation for specific types of magnets.

2.3.4.2. On all surfaces of the magnets, traces of processing by a cutting (abrasive) tool in the form of lines or a grid are allowed.

2.3.4.3. In the holes of electrochemically processed magnets, annular recesses are allowed, the dimensions of which are set, if necessary, in the technical documentation for magnets of specific types.

2.3.4.4. Corrosion products in the form of rust visible to the naked eye are not allowed on the surfaces of the magnets.
On the surfaces of the magnet, traces of oxidation from electrophysical, electrochemical, chemical, thermal and other types of processing are allowed.

2.3.4.5. Surface defects (shells, chips, sinks, etc.) with an area of ​​up to 1 mm are not taken into account and are not cleaned.

2.3.4.6. Magnets made from materials according to GOST 17809 and GOST 24897.
The absence of a metallic sheen is not a rejection sign.
The presence of oxide films formed during pouring and visible on polished surfaces in the form of dotted accumulations or dark-colored lines, including those passing from one surface to another, is not regulated.

2.3.4.7. Magnets made from materials according to GOST 24063.
White coating is allowed on surfaces. Permissible defects are not subject to cleaning.

2.3.4.8. Magnets made from materials according to GOST 21559.
Dark oxide stains or entire surfaces are allowed.
Permissible defects are not subject to cleaning.

2.4. Completeness

2.4.1. A batch of magnets is accompanied by a passport made in accordance with GOST 2.601 *, which indicates:
______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST 2.601-2006 applies. - Database manufacturer's note.
trademark,
magnet symbol,
date of manufacture,
designation of this standard or technical specifications according to which the magnet is manufactured,
stamp of the technical control service and the signature or stamp of the state acceptance authorities, if available at the manufacturer.

2.5. Marking

2.5.1. Marking according to GOST 18620 must contain:
magnet symbol,
date of manufacture,
trademark.

2.5.2. Additional marking data may contain:
serial number of the product (batch),
a sign indicating polarity, direction of magnetization, the middle of the pole, etc.

2.5.3. Marking (excluding the sign according to clause 2.5.2) is applied on the label or packaging in any way that ensures its safety.
The marking of the sign is applied directly to the product by electrographic or other method with a relief image;
an increase in size at the place of marking is not a rejection sign.

2.6. Preservation and packaging

2.6.1. Preservation and packaging must comply with GOST 23216.

2.6.2. Preservation with oils or lubricants is carried out in agreement with the consumer.

2.6.3. The combination of options for shipping containers and inner packaging is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

By agreement with the consumer, magnets can be transported in containers in lightweight packaging.

2.6.4. Shelf life in the manufacturer's packaging - no more than 3 years.

2.6.5. Magnets are packed in a demagnetized state individually or in groups. Residual magnetization is allowed. The value of residual magnetization is not regulated.
By agreement with the consumer, it is allowed to pack magnets in a magnetized state; in this case, the magnets are assembled in packages with gaskets made of non-metallic insulating material laid between the magnets.

3. ACCEPTANCE

3.1. To verify that the magnets comply with the requirements of this standard, the following tests are carried out:
qualification - for magnets mastered in production;
acceptance, bearer*, periodic and standard - for serial production magnets.
________________
* Tests are carried out if the manufacturer has State acceptance or other acceptance bodies.

3.2. The tests are carried out in the scope and sequence indicated in table.2.

table 2

________________
* Magnets rotating in a completed product with a rotation speed of 50 s (3000 rpm) or less are not subjected to the test.
Note. The "+" sign means that the test (check) is carried out if the corresponding requirement is imposed on the magnet; "-" - the test (verification) is not carried out; "n" - the test is carried out if there are corresponding requirements in the technical documentation for magnetic material.

3.3. Magnets are considered to have passed the test if, after testing, they comply with the requirements of this standard and the technical documentation for specific types of magnets.

3.4. Qualification tests
The overspeed test is carried out on a sample of magnets.
Magnets that have been subjected to the overspeed test cannot be used for their intended purpose.

3.5. Acceptance tests
Tests are carried out by continuous or selective control in accordance with GOST 16493 or GOST 18242 *. The type of control is agreed between the manufacturer and the consumer and is indicated in the technical documentation for specific types of magnets.
______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R ISO 2859-1-2007 applies. - Database manufacturer's note.

3.6. Periodic testing

3.6.1. The test for increased speed is carried out in accordance with clause 3.4.

3.6.2. The test of the material is carried out on samples of magnetic material in an amount of at least 3 pieces taken from one technological batch.

3.7. Type tests

3.7.1. Type tests are carried out in order to verify the compliance of magnets with the requirements of this standard when the design, manufacturing technology, materials used are changed, if these changes may affect the quality of the magnets.

3.7.2. Tests are carried out according to the program of type tests.

3.7.3. Based on the test results, a decision is made on the possibility and expediency of making changes to the technical documentation.

4. TEST METHODS

4.1. All tests of magnets and measurement of their parameters are carried out under normal climatic conditions in accordance with GOST 16962.

4.2. Technical requirements for magnetic measuring equipment

4.2.1. Magnetic measuring equipment must comply with GOST 8.268.

4.2.2. A coercimeter (such as an electromagnet with an incompletely closed magnetic circuit or a solenoid type) for measuring the conditional coercive force must have the following characteristic:

a) the uniformity of the field in the zone occupied by the controlled magnet and the indicator of the zero value of the magnetization (hereinafter referred to as the null indicator) must be at least 99.5% per 1 cm;

b) the solenoid constant must be determined with a relative error of no more than 3%;

c) an ammeter for determining the current strength in the solenoid must have an accuracy class of at least 0.5 according to GOST 22261 *;
______________
* On the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST 22261-94 applies. - Database manufacturer's note.

d) the field strength meter (milliteslameter) must be such that the deviation of the instrument pointer during the measurement is at least two thirds of its scale;

e) the zero-indicator must have a division value of no more than 2 kA/m, a variation of indications of no more than one division, and zero drift during the measurement by no more than one division.

4.2.3. Control magnetic system (CMS):
The CMS magnetic circuit must be made of a soft magnetic material with a saturation induction, a higher saturation induction of the controlled magnet, and with a coercive force of not more than 0.2 kA/m;
CMS for bipolar magnets and magnets made of high-coercivity materials can be manufactured without a magnetizing winding;
the number of turns of the measuring winding of the CMS should be chosen so that the reading on the webermeter is carried out in the second half of its scale.

4.2.4. The installation for pulsed magnetization of magnets should ensure that the magnetic field strength in the CMS is sufficient to saturate the magnet material. Sufficient is the value of the magnetic field strength, the decrease of which by 25% does not lead to a decrease in the controlled parameter by more than 1%.

4.2.5. The webermeter for measuring the magnetic flux must have an accuracy class of at least 1.5 according to the normative and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

4.3. Checking appearance and markings

4.3.1. The check is carried out by external examination with the naked eye or using an optical device of 4x magnification.

4.3.2. Surface defects are measured with a universal measuring tool.

4.3.3. Marking is checked by external inspection.

4.4. Checking the design, dimensions, deviations in shape and location of surfaces

4.4.1. Dimensions are controlled by a universal or special measuring tool.

4.4.2. End and radial runouts are controlled on center taper mandrels with a taper up to 0.07 mm, while mandrel runout up to 0.005 mm is subtracted from the measurement results.

4.5. Checking magnetic parameters

4.5.1. Magnetic fluxes and induction are measured in CMS by the induction-pulse method.

4.5.2. Magnetic fluxes , , are measured in the sequence:
the magnet is magnetized to saturation in the CMS from the installation for pulsed magnetization. Bipolar magnets controlled in the CMS without a magnetizing winding are magnetized together with the CMS in the magnetizing device;
without removing the CMS from the magnetizing device, remove the magnet from the CMS, make a reading using a webermeter, calculate the flux value using the formula

where is the webermeter reading, the number of divisions;

- webermeter constant, Wb/division;

- the number of turns of the measuring winding.

4.5.3. Magnetic fluxes and are measured in the sequence:
magnetizing the magnet in the CMS or in the universal magnetizing device to saturation;
partially demagnetize the magnet by removing it from the CMS;
a magnet is inserted into the CMS and, when removed from the CMS again, a reading is made using a webermeter, the flux value is calculated by formula (1).

4.5.4. The magnetic flux is measured in the sequence:
the magnet is magnetized to saturation in the CMS with a calculated non-magnetic gap equal to the working gap of the completed product;
subjecting the magnet to one or more demagnetizing effects equivalent to the demagnetizing effects in the completed product;
is removed from the CMS, the reading is carried out using a webermeter, the value of the magnetic flux is calculated by formula (1).

4.5.5. The magnetic flux is measured by the induction-pulse method in the sequence:
pre-magnetize the magnet to saturation in the electromagnet;
the magnetized magnet is removed from the ferromagnetic masses at a distance of at least 0.5 m;
a measuring coil is put on a magnetized magnet, the location of the coil on the magnet is indicated in the technical documentation for specific types of magnets;
move the measuring coil away from the magnet and record the deflection of the webermeter needle.
The value of the residual magnetic flux is calculated by formula (1).

4.5.6. Magnetic induction is measured in CMS with a non-magnetic gap in the sequence:
magnetizing the magnet in the CMS to a state of saturation;
placing the milliteslameter probe in a non-magnetic gap;
read off the value of magnetic induction on the milliteslameter scale.

4.5.7. Magnetic induction is measured in the sequence:
magnetizing the magnet in the magnetizing device to a saturation state;
removing the magnet from the magnetizing device;
place the probe of the teslameter at the pole of the magnet and read off the value of the magnetic induction on the scale of the teslameter.

4.5.8. The conditional coercive force is measured in a coercimeter in the sequence:
the magnet is pre-magnetized to saturation in the magnetizing device;
placed in the coercimeter, fixing it in the socket of the non-magnetic insert of the coercimeter;
in the coercimeter, the magnet is demagnetized;
at the moment of zero reading of the zero indicator, the current value is determined by the ammeter.
The conditional coercive force is determined by direct reading on a tension meter or by the formula

where is the solenoid constant, m;

- the value of the current, A.

4.5.9. Coercive force and measured in accordance with GOST 8.268.

4.5.10. The discrepancy between the values ​​of the magnetic parameters of the controlled magnets at the manufacturing plant and the consumer enterprise should not exceed 5% in terms of magnetic flux and 6% in terms of coercive force. Magnets whose magnetic parameters are within the specified limits are considered fit.

4.6. Tests for rotational speed, nominal and increased, are carried out on an accelerating installation with an error in rotational speed of not more than 5% using conical or cylindrical mandrels. One or more magnets are placed on the mandrel.
The speed is increased to the number specified in clause 2.1.3 within 1 min + 15 s and maintained at the same speed for at least 1 min, then the drive of the testing machine is turned off. After the test, the appearance of the magnet is checked for compliance with clause 2.3.4.

4.7. Packaging control - according to GOST 23216.
The control of packaging, container design, dimensions and weight of packaging (including containers) is carried out by comparing with the packaging drawings, measuring dimensions with any measuring instrument that provides the required accuracy, and weight - by weighing on a balance with an error of not more than 5%.

5. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

Magnets are transported in closed transport in climatic conditions according to GOST 15150.
Requirements for the transportation of magnets in terms of mechanical impacts - as for conditions C in accordance with GOST 23216.
Storage conditions for magnets - 2 according to GOST 15150.

6. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

6.1. At the consumer enterprise, it is allowed: pouring magnets with metal alloys and non-metallic materials, applying metal coatings, welding, painting, pressing on a bandage, cutting and other types of magnet refinement.
Instructions for finalizing magnets by the consumer must be agreed with the magnet manufacturer.

6.2. When used in humid, aggressive or moldy environments, the magnets must be protected against corrosion by the consumer.
Note. A humid environment is an environment in which the humidity exceeds the norm corresponding to normal climatic conditions according to GOST 16962.

6.3. Magnets are designed to work under the influence of mechanical and climatic factors indicated in Table 3.

Table 3

The types of influencing factors and the values ​​of their characteristics are set in the technical documentation for specific types of magnets.
Note. The performance of magnets under operating conditions is confirmed by tests as part of a completed product, carried out by the consumer enterprise.

APPENDIX 1 (informative). EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD

ATTACHMENT 1
Reference

APPENDIX 2 (informative). EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS

APPENDIX 2
Reference

The first letter "M" in the designations means "Magnet".
Explanations for the second and third letters of the designations are given in the table.

APPENDIX 3 (mandatory). SYMBOLS FOR GRADES OF HARD MAGNETIC MATERIALS

APPENDIX 3
Mandatory

APPENDIX 4 (informative). MAGNET ENERGY CALCULATION

APPENDIX 4
Reference

CALCULATION OF MAGNET ENERGY, (kJ)

where is the number of poles;

- magnetic flux or (Wb), the value of which is indicated in the technical documentation for a specific type of magnet;

- area of ​​the magnet pole, m;

- non-magnetic gap between the poles of the magnet and the CCM, in the case of a symmetrical location of the magnet in the CCM - double non-magnetic gap, m;

- magnetic constant, H/m.

PERMANENT CAST MAGNETS

Price 10 kop.

Official edition

USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS Moscow

UDC 621.318.2: 006.354 Group B83

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

PERMANENT CAST MAGNETS Specifications

Casting permanent magnets. Specifications

By the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated February 21, 1983 N 2 1 880, the introduction period was established

Decree of the State Standard of the USSR dated 12/16/86 NS 3845

validity period extended until 01.01.90

Non-compliance with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to cast permanent magnets (hereinafter referred to as magnets) intended for use in electrical and radio engineering instruments, automation equipment, elements of control systems.

The standard does not apply to magnets manufactured in accordance with GOST 24936-81.

Explanations of the terms used in the standard are given in reference appendix 1.

1. TYPES, MAIN PARAMETERS

1.1. Magnets are divided into 11 types according to their design and technological features. Magnet types 1 to 10 are listed in recommended appendix 2.

Structural and technological features include:

geometric shape;

the shape and location of the poles;

magnetic texture or direction of magnetization under control;

alloy grade.

Symbols for the types of magnets, design and technological features, magnetic parameters characteristic of magnets of each type must correspond to those given in Table. one.

Geometric F "R *"

Free

Section, perpendicular to the line of Illia Chivaia

Constant or variable

(Revised edition, Em. J6 1)

Magnetic geisture or direction to magic

Rectilinear or curvilinear

1.2. The main magnetic parameters of magnets are:

conditional coercive force by magnetization H "sy;

magnetic induction in the gap of the simulating magnetic system;

magnetic flux in the gap of the simulating magnetic system ФВ;

residual magnetic flux in a closed magnetic circuit Фз.ц *,

residual magnetic flux in an open magnetic circuit Ф rc;

magnetic flux in the control or simulating magnetic system Ф<1;

conditional residual induction B\ ;

magnetic moment t.

Note. It is allowed to set additional magnetic parameters for magnets depending on their purpose and indicate them on the working drawings approved in the prescribed manner.

1.3. Magnet symbol

MLP XXX XX xxxx

Serial number according to the numbering system of the manufacturer

Ordinal number of the alloy grade according to the manufacturer's numbering system _____

Symbol type of magnet according to table 1 3 4

maximum product (VN) max - from 7.2 to 80 kJ / m 3 and residual induction - from 0.43 to 1.4 T.

Alloy grades and their characteristics must comply with GOST 17809-72 or technical specifications for. alloy.

2.3. Magnetic requirements

2.3.1. The magnetic properties of magnets should be characterized by one or more of the parameters specified in clause 1.2 and table. one.

2.3.2. The values ​​of the magnetic parameters must be indicated in the working drawing for a specific type of magnet.

2.4. Design requirements

2.4.1. The configuration and dimensions of the magnets must comply with the working drawings.

2.4.2. The geometric dimensions of magnets developed after January 1, 1984 must correspond to a number of normal linear dimensions Ra 40 according to GOST 6636-69.

2.4.3. The design of magnets developed after January 1, 1984 must be manufacturable for manufacture. The requirements for the manufacturability of the design of the magnet are established depending on the methods of casting in accordance with the requirements of mandatory Appendix 4.

2.4.2, 2.4.3. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

2.4.4. The maximum deviations of the dimensions of the casting, depending on the accuracy class of its manufacture, must correspond to those given in Table. 2.

St. 5 to 100 St. 100 to 200

According to the I class of accuracy

According to II class of accuracy

St. 5 to 100 St. 100 to 200 St. 200 to 300

St. 12 to 300

±0.8

±1.0

±0.8

±1.0

±1.2

According to III class of accuracy

Note. For magnets manufactured in the form of blanks, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to increase the maximum deviations from those indicated in Table. 2.

(Revised edition, Rev. Jfc 1, 2].

2 4 5 The accuracy class must be indicated on the working drawing for a specific type of magnet

24 6 Molding slopes, tolerances for angular dimensions must comply with the requirements of GOST 3212-80 and ST SEV 178-75 Machining allowances are set depending on casting methods and casting sizes in accordance with reference appendix 5.

2 5 The mass of the magnet (reference) must correspond to that indicated on the working drawing for the magnet

The maximum deviations of the mass of the magnet, depending on the accuracy class of its manufacture, must correspond to those given in Table 3. 5

GOST 2S639-33 S. 9

more than 1.5 mm - for magnets with a total area subjected to dimensional processing, 200 mm 5;

more than 3 mm - for magnets with a total area subjected to dimensional processing, over 200 mm 5.

Small chips, up to 0.5 mm long, are not a rejection sign.

The total length of chips should not exceed 10% of the total length of sharp edges.

For magnets used in electrical measuring instruments, the number of defects on surfaces not subjected to dimensional processing should not exceed:

the total area of ​​defects (shells, chips, tears, sinks, etc.) - 10% of the considered surface.

2.6.5. For magnets of other purposes, the total area of ​​defects (shells, chips, tears, sinks, etc.) on surfaces not subjected and subjected to dimensional processing should not exceed 30% of the considered surface.

Defects with an area of ​​up to 1 mm 5 when determining the total area occupied by surface defects, are not taken into account and are not cleaned.

2.6.4, 2.6.5. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

2.7. Requirements for resistance to external influences

2.7.1. Magnets must withstand, under operating conditions, the impact on them of the following factors:

vibration loads with a frequency of 1-300 Hz with acceleration up to

shock multiple loads with an acceleration of 75g (740 m / s 5) with a frequency of 60-120 beats per minute and a pulse duration of up to 100 ms; number of strokes - not less than 10,000;

ambient temperature - from minus 60 to plus 150°С; atmospheric pressure from 8 to 150 kPa (60-ISO mm Hg); relative humidity of the environment up to 80%.

2.8. The service life of magnets before decommissioning is at least 20 years. The criterion for the limiting state is the discrepancy between the values ​​of the magnetic parameters of the magnet specified in the working drawing for a specific magnet.

2.7.1, 2.8. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

2.9. Operational documentation must be attached to the magnets in accordance with GOST 2.601-68.

The manufacturer, in agreement with the consumer, provides him with control magnets.

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 2).

Reissue (. "apt 1987) with Amendments No. I, 2. approved in September 1984, December 1986 (ICC 1-8S-8 87)

© Standards Publisher 1987

Official publication Reprint prohibited

Abbreviated name of magnet_ __

Note. A period is used to separate groups of numbers.

An example of a symbol for a magnet of type 2a, made of an alloy of the YuN14DK24 brand with a serial number according to the manufacturer's numbering system 5&:

MLP 2a.09.0058

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Magnets must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to working drawings approved in the prescribed manner.

2.2. Magnets must be made of hard magnetic alloys with coercive force values ​​from 36 to 145 scA/M r

4 6, 2 5 (Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

26 Surface quality requirements

2 6 1 The requirements for the quality of the surface must correspond to those indicated on the working drawing for a magnet of a particular type.

2 62 Castings of magnets must be cleaned from burrs, bays, casting burns, sprue residues and metal splashes within the deviations given in Table 2

263 On the untreated surfaces of the magnets, junctions and technological residue of the feeder are allowed, if it does not impair the assembly and performance of the system. In places that cannot be cleaned in cleaning devices, burns and bays are allowed.

2 64 For magnets used in electrical measuring instruments, the number of defects on surfaces subjected to dimensional processing shall not exceed

the total area of ​​shells, non-metallic inclusions - 5% of the total area subjected to dimensional processing, black holes - 5% of the total area subjected to dimensional processing

Length chips are not allowed

Price 10 kop.

STATE STANDARD

UNION SSR

PERMANENT CAST MAGNETS

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

GOST 25639-83

Official edition

USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS

UDC 621.318.2: 006.354 WHO Group

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

PERMANENT CAST MAGNETS Specifications

Casting permanent magnets. Specifications

By the Decree of the State Committee of the USSR on Standards dated February 21, 1983 Hfi 880, the introduction date was set

Decree of the State Standard of the USSR dated 12/16/86 No. 3845

validity extended until 01.01.98

Non-compliance with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to cast permanent magnets (hereinafter referred to as magnets) intended for use in electrical and radio engineering instruments, automation equipment, elements of control systems.

The standard does not apply to magnets manufactured in accordance with GOST 24936-81.

Explanations of the terms used in the standard are given in reference appendix 1.

1. TYPES, MAIN PARAMETERS

1.1. Magnets are divided into 11 types according to their design and technological features. Magnet types 1 to 10 are listed in recommended appendix 2.

Structural and technological features include:

geometric shape;

the shape and location of the poles;

magnetic texture or direction of magnetization under control;

alloy grade.

Symbols for the types of magnets, design and technological features, magnetic parameters characteristic of magnets of each type must correspond to those given in Table. one.

Official publication Reprint prohibited

Reissue (March 1987) with Amendments No. 1, 2, approved in September 1984, December 1986 (ICC 1 - 87)

© Publisher

standard

Table 1 About

(Changed edition, IzmL),

GOST 25639-S3

1.2. The main magnetic parameters of magnets are:

conditional coercive force by magnetization H "sy;

magnetic induction in the gap of the simulating magnetic system B 6 ;

magnetic flux in the gap of the simulating magnetic system Fb;

residual magnetic flux in a closed magnetic circuit Фз.ц *,

residual magnetic flux in an open magnetic circuit Fr. And;

magnetic flux in the control or simulating magnetic system Fa;

conditional residual induction B d;

magnetic moment t.

Note. It is allowed to set additional magnetic parameters for magnets depending on their purpose and indicate them on the working drawings approved in the established order.

1.3. MLP magnet symbol XXX XX xxxx

Serial number according to the numbering system of the manufacturer

Ordinal number of the alloy grade according to the numbering system of the manufacturer _

Symbol type of magnet according to table J

Abbreviated name of the magnet

Note. A period is used to separate groups of numbers.

An example of a symbol for a magnet of type 2a, made of an alloy of the YuN14DK24 brand with a serial number according to the manufacturer's numbering system 5&;

MLP 2a.09.0058

2. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Magnets shall be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to working drawings approved in the prescribed manner.

2.2. Magnets must be made of hard magnetic alloys with coercive force values ​​from 36 to 145 kA/s g

maximum product (VN) Max - from 7.2 to 80 kJ / m 3 and residual induction - from 0.43 to 1.4 T.

Grades of alloys and their characteristics must comply with GOST 17809-72 or specifications for the alloy.

2.3. Requirements for magnetic parameters

2.3.1. The magnetic properties of magnets should be characterized by one or more of the parameters specified in clause 1.2 and table. one.

2.3.2. The values ​​of the magnetic parameters must be indicated in the working drawing for a specific type of magnet.

2.4. Design requirements

2.4.1. The configuration and dimensions of the magnets must comply with the working drawings.

2.4.2. The geometric dimensions of magnets developed after January 1, 1984 must correspond to a number of normal linear dimensions Ra 40 according to GOST 6636-69.

2.4.3. The design of magnets developed after January 1, 1984 must be manufacturable for manufacture. The requirements for the manufacturability of the design of the magnet are established depending on the methods of casting in accordance with the requirements of mandatory Appendix 4.

2.4.2, 2.4.3. (Changed edition, Revision, No. 1).

2.4.4. The maximum deviations of the dimensions of the casting, depending on the accuracy class of its manufacture, must correspond to those given in Table. 2.

According to the I class of accuracy

Note. For magnets manufactured in the form of blanks, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to increase the maximum deviations from those indicated in Table. 2.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1, 2].

2 4 5 The accuracy class must be indicated on the working drawing for a specific type of magnet

24 6 Molding slopes, tolerances for angular dimensions must comply with the requirements of GOST 3212-80 and ST SEV 178-75 Machining allowances are set depending on casting methods and casting sizes in accordance with reference appendix 5.

2 5 The mass of the magnet (reference) must correspond to that indicated on the working drawing for the magnet

The maximum deviations of the mass of the magnet, depending on the accuracy class of its manufacture, must correspond to those given in Table 3.

Table 3

2 4 6, 2 5

26 Surface quality requirements

2 6 1 The requirements for the quality of the surface must correspond to those indicated on the working drawing for a magnet of a particular type.

2 6 2 Castings of magnets must be cleaned from burrs, bays, casting burns, remains of sprues and metal splashes within the deviations given in Table 2

26 3 Junctions and technological residue of the feeder are allowed on the untreated surfaces of the magnets, if it does not impair the assembly and performance of the system In places that cannot be cleaned in cleaning devices, burns and bays are allowed

2 64 For magnets used in electrical measuring instruments, the number of defects on surfaces subjected to dimensional processing shall not exceed

the total area of ​​shells, non-metallic inclusions - 5% of the total area subjected to dimensional processing,

draft - 5% of the total area subjected to dimensional processing

Length chips are not allowed

more than 1.5 mm - for magnets with a total area subjected to dimensional processing, 200 mm 2;

more than 3 mm - for magnets with a total area subjected to dimensional processing, more than 200 mm 2.

Small chips, up to 0.5 mm long, are not a rejection sign.

The total length of chips should not exceed 10% of the total length of sharp edges.

For magnets used in electrical measuring instruments, the number of defects on surfaces not subjected to dimensional processing should not exceed:

the total area of ​​defects (shells, chips, tears, sinks, etc.) - 10% of the considered surface.

2.6.5. For magnets of other purposes, the total area of ​​defects (shells, chips, tears, sinks, etc.) on surfaces not subjected and subjected to dimensional processing should not exceed 30% of the considered surface.

Defects with an area of ​​up to 1 mm 2 when determining the total area occupied by surface defects, are not taken into account and are not cleaned.

2.6.4, 2.6.5. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

2.7. Requirements for resistance to external influences

2.7.1. Magnets must withstand, under operating conditions, the impact on them of the following factors:

vibration loads with a frequency of 1-300 Hz with acceleration up to

shock multiple loads with an acceleration of 75 ^ (740 m / s 2) with a frequency of 60-120 beats per minute and a pulse duration of up to 100 ms; number of strokes - not less than 10,000;

ambient temperature - from minus 60 to plus 150°С;

atmospheric pressure from 8 to 150 kPa (60-ISO mm Hg);

relative humidity of the environment up to 80%.

2.8. The service life of magnets before decommissioning is at least 20 years.

The criterion for the limiting state is the discrepancy between the values ​​of the magnetic parameters of the magnet specified in the working drawing for a specific magnet.

2.7.1, 2.8. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

2.9. Operational documentation in accordance with GOST 2.601-68 must be attached to the magnets.

The manufacturer, in agreement with the consumer, provides him with control magnets.

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 2).

3. ACCEPTANCE RULES

3.1. To check magnets for compliance with the requirements of this standard, the following types of tests are established: qualification, acceptance, periodic and type tests.

3.2. Qualification tests are carried out according to GOST 15.001 - -73 in the following order:

checking the quality of the alloy (clause 2.2);

verification of magnetic parameters (clause 2.3);

checking the mass of the magnet (section 2.5).

The alloy quality is checked according to GOST 17809-72. Other types of checks are carried out on a control sample of magnets in an amount of at least 15 pcs.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

3.3. (Deleted, Rev. No. 2).

3.4. Qualification tests of magnets for resistance to mechanical stress are carried out at the consumer enterprise as part of a specific product for which the magnet is intended; for resistance to climatic influences - as part of a magnetic system for a product or directly on magnets.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

3.5. Acceptance tests are carried out by the method of selective control in accordance with GOST 16493-70. The control plan must be indicated on the working drawing on the magnet.

The selection of magnets in the sample is carried out by the method of the greatest objectivity in accordance with GOST 18321-73.

3.6. The sequence of acceptance tests:

surface quality check (clause 2.6);

checking for compliance with design requirements (clause 2.4);

3.7. (Deleted, Rev. No. 1).

3.8. Periodic tests are carried out at least once a year in the following order:

surface quality check (clause 2.6);

verification of compliance with design requirements (clause 2.4);

verification of magnetic parameters (section 2.3).

3.9. Periodic tests should be carried out on a control sample of magnets in an amount of at least 15 pcs. The selection of magnets in the sample is carried out by the method of the greatest objectivity in accordance with GOST 18321-73.

If unsatisfactory results are obtained for at least one of the requirements specified in clause 3.8, the tests are repeated on a double sample. The results of the retests are final.

3.8, 3.9. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

3.10. Type testing should be carried out by the manufacturer when changes are made to the design or manufacturing technology, or materials used, if these changes may affect the quality of the magnets.

3.11. It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to determine the magnetic parameters by comparison with the magnetic parameters of the control magnet of the manufacturer.

4. TEST METHODS

4.1. All tests of magnets and measurements of their parameters should be carried out under normal climatic conditions in accordance with GOST 15150-69.

4.2. Checking magnetic parameters

4.2.1. The measuring equipment used and the requirements for it are given in mandatory Appendix 6.

4.2.2. Before checking the magnetic parameters, the controlled magnets must be magnetized to the technical saturation magnetization. Magnetizing devices for magnetizing magnets up to the magnetization of technical saturation can be checked according to the recommended Appendix 7.

4.2.3. When determining the conditional coercive force from the magnetization H "cm (Section 2.3.1), the magnetized magnet should be placed in the coercimeter solenoid so that the magnetization direction of the magnet is opposite to the direction of the solenoid field. Increasing the current in the solenoid, fix the current value corresponding to the zero zero reading. indicator when moving the magnet relative to the null indicator transducer (coil) at a distance equal to at least half the length of the magnet in the direction of magnetization.

The value of the conditional coercive force H "s.m in A / m according to the magnetization is calculated by the formula

I "s.m \u003d K /, (1)

where K is the constant of the solenoid, m -1;

I is the value of the current strength corresponding to the zero reading of the null indicator when the magnet moves relative to the measuring coil, A.

It is allowed to determine the coercive force by another method.

4 2 4 Magnetic induction in the gap of the simulating magnetic system C b (p 2 3 1) should be determined by one of the following methods

using a magnetic induction meter with a Hall transducer,

by induction-pulse method using a measuring coil and a webermeter.

4 24 1 When determining B& using a magnetic induction meter, the meter transducer should be placed in a certain section of the gap of the simulating magnetic system with a magnetized magnet and the deviation of the pointer of the indicating instrument of the meter should be fixed

4 2 4 2 Determination of B$ by the induction-pulse method should be carried out by placing and removing the measuring coil from the gap of the simulating magnetic system or by removing the controlled magnet from the simulating magnetic system

4 24 3 The method for determining Vg and the location of the transducer of the magnetic induction meter or the measuring coil in the gap of the simulating magnetic system (both in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field, and in the direction of the magnetic field) must be installed in the working drawing on the magnet

4 2 44 The value of the magnetic induction B$ in T should be calculated by the formula

where C is the webermeter constant, Wb/div,

os - deviation of the webermeter needle, cases;

(sto) - constant of the measuring coil, m 2 4 2 5 Determination of the magnetic flux in the gap of the simulating magnetic system Ф 6, the residual magnetic flux in the closed circuit Ф 3 c, the residual magnetic flux in the open circuit Ф Р d, the magnetic flux in the control or simulating the magnetic system Fs of the conditional residual induction V\, the magnetic moment pg (n 2 3 1) should be carried out by the induction-pulse method using a measuring coil and a webermeter (or a ballistic galvanometer)

42 5 1 When determining Ф§, the controlled magnet should be removed from the simulating magnetic system or the measuring coil should be removed from the gap of the simulating magnetic system, fixing the deflection of the webermeter needle

The value of the magnetic flux Fb in the gap of the simulating magnetic system should be calculated by the formula

(3)

where w is the number of turns of the measuring coil.

4.2.5.2. When determining Ф 3 . c and B \ the magnetized magnet must be removed from the magnetic circuit or the magnetizing device and the deviation of the instrument pointer should be fixed and then, having removed the measuring coil from the magnet, the second deviation of the instrument pointer should be fixed

4.2.5.3. The value of the magnetic flux in a closed circuit Ф 3 . ts in B6 should be calculated by the formula

The value of the residual induction V t in T follows the formula

C (ai ~ b "g)

(4)

calculate

(5)

Where are they<х 2 - отклонения стрелки веберметра, деления.

4.2.5.4. When determining F r. The measuring coil must be placed on a certain section of the magnetized magnet, then it is torn off the magnet, and the deflection of the webermeter needle is recorded.

The value of the magnetic flux Ф р. ts in Wb, in an open circuit should be calculated by the formula

Fr.ts \u003d -. (6)

4.2.5.5. When determining Ф 3 . ts, B f Tj Ф rc the location of the measuring coil must be indicated in the working drawing for the magnet.

4.2.5.6. When determining, the magnetized magnet must be removed from the control or simulating magnetic system, while fixing the deflection of the webermeter needle.

The value of the magnetic flux O d in Wb in the control or simulating magnetic system should be calculated by the formula

where Kd is the coefficient determined by the design of this device (the number of poles of the control magnetic system).

The measuring winding must be located on the poles of the magnetic circuit of the control magnetic system.

4.2.5.7. When determining the magnetic moment m, the magnetized magnet should be placed in the measuring coil so that the magnetization axis of the magnet coincides with the axis of the coil,

and the center of the magnet is with the center of the coil. The angle between the magnetization axis of the magnet and the axis of the coil should not be more than 5°, the displacement of the center of the magnet relative to the center of the coil should not be more than 2 mm; then the magnet "is removed from the coil and the deflection of the web arrow is fixed (: shet R a '

The value of the magnetic moment t in A * m 2> should be calculated by the formula

(8)

where is the flux linkage between the magnet and the measuring coil, Wb;

\io - magnetic constant, equal to 4H/m;

K t - constant of the measuring coil and > M_I -

4.3. The quality check of the alloy (clause 2.2) should be carried out in accordance with GOST 17809-72.

4.4. Checking magnets for compliance with design requirements

4.4.1. Compliance of the magnet design with the requirements of manufacturability and the Ra 40 series according to GOST 6636-69 should be established according to the working drawings for the magnet.

4.4.2. Checking the geometric parameters 06 of magnets (clause 2.4.2) should be carried out with a universal measuring tool or limiting verification tools with errors not exceeding those established by GOST 8.0b1-8G

4.4.3. Checking the mass of the magnet (clause 2.5) is carried out by weighing 10-20 magnets with the calculation of the arithmetic mean value of the mass of the magnet. The error of resolving the magnets should not exceed ± 0.1% of the mass of the magnet ^ -

4.5, Checking the quality of the surfaces of the magnet (p * 2.6) for compliance with the requirements of this standard > the requirements specified in the working drawing for the magnet, is carried out by external inspection and using a universal measuring tool.

4.6. Service life control is carried out according to the results of processing information about the reliability of products * For which the magnets are intended.

(Introduced additionally, Rev. No. 1).

5. MARKING, PACKAGING, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

5.1. Shipping container marking must comply with GOST 14192-77 and include handling signs: “Caution, fragile!”, “Afraid of dampness!”.

5.2. Package

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

5.2.1. Packaging of magnets should ensure the safety of magnets during transportation and storage.

5.2.2. Packing of magnets subjected to dimensional processing - according to GOST 9.014-78. The option of anti-corrosion protection must be installed in the working drawing on the magnet.

5.2.3. Magnets not subjected to dimensional processing should be packed in wooden boxes of types II-1, III-1, II1-2 according to GOST 2991-85 or GOST 18617-83.

It is allowed to use other types of containers with parameters not lower than those indicated.

The inside of the box must be lined with waterproof material so that its ends are higher than the edges of the box by more than half the length and width of the box.

As a moisture-proof material, the following should be used: paper grades BU-B, BU-D according to GOST 515-77; two-layer packaging paper in accordance with GOST 8828-75 and other moisture-proof materials with parameters not lower than those indicated.

The space between the walls of the box and the packed magnets must be filled with cushioning material.

The following should be used as shock-absorbing material: shavings of the MKS grade according to GOST 5244-79;

corrugated cardboard in accordance with GOST 7376-84 and other materials with shock-absorbing properties not lower than those indicated.

Corrosion protection option - VZ-0 according to GOST 9.014-78.

5.2.1-5.2.3. (Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 2).

5.3. Magnets should be packed in a non-magnetized state.

5.4. A document containing the following data is put into a container with a magnet:

magnet designation and magnet drawing; net weight of magnets, kg;

conclusion of the Quality Control Department on the compliance of the magnets with the requirements of the working drawing and this standard; packer number; packing date; OTK stamp.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

5.5. Transportation of magnets is allowed by transport of all types at any distance, in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force on transport of each type.

By river transport, magnets are transported in containers or in packages according to GOST 21929-76.

5.6. The conditions for transporting magnets in terms of climatic influences of environmental factors are from plus 60°С to minus 60°С, and in terms of the impact of transport shaking, acceleration is 3 (3.5) g at a frequency of impacts from 1.5 to 2 in 1 s.

5.7. Storage conditions for packaged magnets in terms of the impact of climatic factors of the environment - OZH2 according to GOST 15150--69.

5.8. Shelf life of magnets in the manufacturer's packaging - no more than 6 months; after which the magnets are subject to repacking.

In the future, repacking is carried out once a year.

6. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

6.1. To ensure the stability of the magnetic parameters during operation, the magnets must be subjected to magnetic stabilization by the consumer in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation for the product in which the magnet is used.

6.2. When operating magnets in conditions of high humidity (over 80%) and moisture condensation on their surface, as well as in the presence of chemically active substances in the environment, magnets should be subjected to an anti-corrosion coating before installation in the product.

6.3. The following is allowed at the consumer enterprise:

pouring magnets with metal alloys and non-metallic materials;

deposition of metal coatings, welding, painting, bandage pressing, machining and other types of reworking of magnets that do not lead to the destruction of magnets or a decrease in magnetic properties.

7. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY

7.1. The manufacturer guarantees the compliance of the magnets with the requirements of this standard, subject to the conditions of operation, storage and transportation.

7.2. The warranty period of operation of magnets is 12 years from the date of commissioning.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

APPENDIX I Informative

EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD

Explanation

Conditional coercive force by magnetization

Magnetic induction in the gap of the simulating magnetic system

Magnetic flux in the gap of the simulating magnetic system

Residual magnetic flux in a closed magnetic circuit

Conditional residual induction

Magnetic moment Control magnetic system

Simulating magnetic system

Dimensional processing Inductive transducer Galvanomagnetic transducer

Technical saturation magnetization

The intensity of an external uniform magnetic field directed opposite to the direction of magnetization of the magnet, necessary to bring the magnetization to zero in a certain section of the magnet or along its entire length

Magnetic induction generated by a magnet in the gap of a simulating magnetic system under specified magnetization conditions

Magnetic flux created by a magnet in the gap of the simulating system under the established magnetization conditions Magnetic flux in a closed magnetic circuit that persists after the magnet is magnetized to the technical saturation of the magnetization and the external magnetizing field strength is reduced to zero

Magnetic induction in a closed circuit, which persists after the magnet is magnetized until the magnetization is technically saturated and the strength of the external magnetizing field is reduced to zero According to GOST 19880-74

A magnetic system with an incompletely closed magnetic circuit that creates calculated non-magnetic gaps between the poles of the magnet and the magnetic circuit, the design of which ensures the fixation of the magnet scaffolds with magnetizing and measuring windings, designed to measure the average magnetic flux Ф from the magnet pole

Magnetic system designed to determine magnetic parameters and differs from the working magnetic system in configuration and material According to GOST 24936-81 According to GOST 20906-75 According to GOST 20906-75

According to GOST 19693 "-74

P. 18 GOST 25639-83

EXAMPLES OF STRUCTURAL VERSIONS OF MAGNETS

Bipolar solid magnets Types la, 16 Type z

Double and multi-pole magnets Types 2a, 26

Types 4a, 46, 4b

Types 66, 6v

Types 7a, 76, 7c

Types 9a, 96

Magnetic systems Types 10a, 10b

Annex 3. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

APPENDIX 4 Mandatory

DEPENDING ON CASTING METHODS

Dimensions in mm

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).

GOST 25639-83 S. 23

APPENDIX 5 Reference

MECHANICAL WINDING ALLOWANCES

* The position of the area when filling.

APPENDIX 6 Mandatory

MEASURING EQUIPMENT

I. An electromagnet intended for magnetizing and determining the magnetic parameters of bipolar magnets must meet the following requirements:

The magnetic conductor of an electromagnet should be made both solid and laminated from a soft magnetic material:

for magnetization - with a coercive force of not more than 0.4 kA/m; to determine the magnetic parameters - with a coercive force of not more than 0 * 2 kA / m;

the geometric dimensions of the pole piece of the electromagnet must be related to the geometric dimensions of the controlled magnets by the following relationships:

D^d + 2/ at-<0,5; d

D^l and D3s2d at 0.5< - <3;

where l is the maximum linear size of the magnet in the direction of the magnetizing field;

d is the maximum linear dimension of the magnet in the direction perpendicular to the magnetizing field;

D is the minimum transverse linear dimension of the pole piece of the electromagnet;

the design of the pole pieces of the electromagnet must ensure close contact with the surface of the poles of the magnet, while for magnets with a non-flat pole surface it is allowed to use inserts of the appropriate profile made of magnetically soft material;

the electromagnet should be powered from the DC network;

it is allowed to power the electromagnet by pulsed discharge of a capacitor bank or by supplying a series of unipolar current pulses from a pulse generator.

2. The control magnetic system designed for magnetization and determination of the magnetic flux Fa must meet the following requirements:

the number of poles must match the number of poles of the magnet;

the magnetic circuit must be made of a soft magnetic material with a coercive force of not more than 0.2 kA/m;

the turns of the measuring winding must be located on the poles of the magnetic circuit no further than 15 mm from the working pole; it is allowed to place measuring windings on alternating poles;

winding data, connection diagrams of the magnetizing and measuring windings and their location on the poles must be set in the drawing for the magnet;

for each type of winding, the number of turns per pole must be the same, and the connection of the turns of the measuring winding between the poles must be consistent and consistent in the direction of the magnetizing current.

When monitoring magnets by flux Ф, the value of the length of the non-magnetic gap from the magnet pole to the pole of the control magnetic system should be calculated by the formula

b = 4i-10-4 - -

where 8 is the length of the non-magnetic gap from the magnet pole to the pole of the control magnetic system, mm;

U is the average length of the magnetic induction line in the magnet, mm;

V/N - numerical value of the average ratio at the point (VN) max according to GOST 17809-72 for the alloy used

The installation for pulsed magnetization of magnets as part of the control magnetic system must have technical parameters that ensure that the system obtains field strength values ​​sufficient to ensure technical saturation magnetization.

3. A simulating magnetic system designed to determine the magnetic parameters of magnets must meet the following requirements:

the configuration and dimensions of the magnetic circuit of the simulating system must ensure that the magnet placed in it is brought into the required magnetic state;

the material of the simulating magnetic system must have a coercive force of not more than 0.2 kA/m.

4. The coercimeters used to determine the coercive force may be of the electromagnet type with a partially closed magnetic circuit or the solenoid type.

4.1. The solenoid and the power supply of the coercimeter of the solenoid type must provide a constant, uniform in the working gap, smoothly adjustable in magnitude magnetic field.

4.2. The maximum value of the solenoid field must be no less than the possible maximum value of the coercive force of the magnets in terms of magnetization.

4.3. Fluctuations in the voltage of the power supply of the coercimeter should not lead to a change in the magnitude of the solenoid field by more than 1% during the measurement of the coercive force of one magnet.

4.4. The deviation from field uniformity in the area occupied by the magnet under test during the measurement should not be more than 5%, and in the area occupied by the measuring coil (which is the null indicator converter) - more than 1%

The determination of the inhomogeneity of the magnetic tulle in the coercimeter solenoid should be carried out using a coil for measuring the magnetic field strength and a webermeter.

4.5. The ripple factor of the power supply must be / no more than 3%.

4.6. When determining the solenoid constant K, the error should not exceed ± 1.5%. An ammeter for determining the solenoid constant must have an accuracy class of at least 0.5. Counting on the scale of the ammeter trace \ eg to produce in the last third of the scale.

4.7. The ammeter for measuring the value of the solenoid current must have an accuracy class of at least 0.5. Reading on the ammeter scale should be done in the last third of the scale.

4.8. The null indicator must have a division foam of no more than 2 kA/m. variation of readings no more than one division and zero drift during the measurement time r * no more than one division.

4 9. The coercimeter must have a non-magnetic insert with a socket for fixing the initial position of the magnet and its movement during measurement, providing.

tolerance of parallelism of the solenoid axis with the magnetization axis of the magnet about 3;

the tolerance of the symmetry of the position of the measuring coil (which is the converter of the null indicator) relative to the poles of the magnet is 5°.

4.10. As a converter of the zero-indicator of the coercimeter, in addition to the measuring coil, it is also allowed to use galvanomagnetic ferro-modulation and other converters.

4.11. When using an electromagnet with an incompletely closed magnetic circuit as a coercimeter, the strength of the demagnetizing field must be measured with a teslameter with the location of the teslameter sensor in the plane of the neutral section of the magnet directly at the surface of the magnet.

5. The magnetic induction converter in the gap of the simulating magnetic system can be induction, galvanomagnetic, magnetoresistive, etc.

6. The measuring coil is designed to measure the induction in the gap of the simulating system В§

6 1. Attestation of the measuring coil must be carried out in accordance with the current verification scheme in accordance with GOST 8.030-83.

6.2. The dimensions of the coil must be established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer of the magnets.

7. As a magnetic flux converter when measuring V g / ,

Ф 3 c and Fr c should use a measuring coil made according to a drawing developed by the manufacturer. The manufacturer must transfer the drawing to the consumer

7.1. The width of the coil in the magnetization direction of the magnet must not exceed 50% of the length of the magnet. Distance from the surface of the magnet or magnetic wire at the location of the coil to the outermost active part

turns of the coil should not exceed 5 mm, and when determining V g -3 mm

provided that this distance is determined by a magnet or a magnetic circuit made with the maximum dimensions allowed according to the drawing.

7.2. A measuring coil serves as a magnetic flux converter when measuring F to, the location of which is specified in the documentation for the simulating magnetic system.

8. Multi-layer distributed coil is applied to determine the magnetic moment.

8.1. The length of the coil must be at least twice the length of the magnet in the direction of magnetization.

8 2. Coil winding ordinary, turn to turn:

8 3. The constant of the measuring coil K t must be determined using a magnet certified by the value of the magnetic moment by the bodies of the State Standard in accordance with GOST 8.231-84.

The method for determining the constant should be similar to the method for determining the magnetic moment (see paragraphs 4.2 5.7). The value of the constant measuring coil should be calculated by the formula

where K™ is the constant of the measuring coil, m” 1;

"f - flux linkage between the permanent magnet and the coil, Wb; d 0 - magnetic constant equal to 4l-10 ~ 7 Gn / m; t 0 - magnetic moment of the certified magnet, A * m 2.

The determination of the constant coil Kt should be carried out at least 5 times, the arithmetic mean value should be taken as the result.

9. The control magnet in terms of magnetic parameters, dimensions, shape, presence of defects and surface roughness must meet the requirements of the drawing for the magnet.

9 1. The control magnet must be certified in the prescribed manner and have a marking and passport approved by the manufacturer and

agreed with the consumer. Magnets, the dimensions of which do not allow marking, may be fixed on a special base on which the marking is applied.

(Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

PROCEDURE FOR VERIFICATION OF EQUIPMENT

1. Verification of magnetic measuring equipment by the bodies of the departmental metrological service is carried out at least once a year in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

2. Provision of the magnet material by magnetizing devices during magnetization to the technical saturation magnetization should be checked at least once a month. For this purpose, a control magnet or a magnet with known magnetic parameters should be magnetized using a magnetizing device with a magnetic field whose value is 25% lower than the working field value, and the values ​​\u200b\u200bof the magnetic parameters should be determined.

The magnetizing device should be considered as providing the magnetization of the magnet material to the technical saturation magnetization, if the magnetization by a field reduced by 25% does not lead to a decrease in the values ​​of the parameters of this magnet by more than 2%.

3. Checking the performance of magnetizing devices is carried out using control magnets or magnets with known parameters. The magnetizing device is considered operational if the measured values ​​of the magnetic parameter being determined of the control magnet (magnet with known magnetic parameters) differ from the values ​​recorded in the passport for this magnet by no more than ± 3%.

4. Converters, which are an integral part of a standardized device, are verified according to the instructions or passport for the device.

5. Non-standardized converters and converters that are part of non-standardized instruments and devices are verified in accordance with GOST 8 326-78.

6. Verification of the simulating magnetic system and the control magnetic system is carried out using control magnets (magnets with known magnetic parameters); the measured values ​​of the magnetic parameters of control magnets (magnets with known magnetic parameters) in simulating magnetic systems (and control magnetic systems) should not differ from the values ​​recorded in the certificate for this magnet by more than ±3%.

7. Verification of the measuring coils is carried out with control magnets.

G“M|MG1E“Gim^___1 ITs1MP. 1111........ I II IM 41 "4G-Hi---irm

Group B83

Amendment No. 3 GOST 25639 83 Cast magnets Dostoyannye Technical specifications

Approved and put into effect by the Decree ^ omikhet a of standardization and metrology of the USSR dated 30 07 91 No. 1314

Introduction date 01 01 92

On the cover and the first page of the standard under the s ^ ovs "Official edition" put down the letter E

Introductory part The first paragraph should be supplemented with Slovak. "and other products", add the paragraphs "The standard applies to mg £" and1 "intended for the needs of the national economy and export

Requirements of paragraphs 1 1 13, 2 1 -2.3, 2 44 2 5, Bgj 2 6 2, 2 8 of this

of the standard are mandatory, others are required ^ _ recommended" Paragraph 2 1 shall be supplemented with the paragraph "Requirements for Magnets" intended for export - under an agreement between the enterprise and a foreign economic organization or contract"

Paragraphs 2 2, 2 4 1 shall be reworded in part 2 2

2 4 1 Dimensions of magnets, maximum deviations in dimensions, deviations in the shape and location of surfaces must comply with the working drawings

When the maximum deviations φ £ and location are not indicated on the drawing, any deviations of J / limit ^ max permissible deviations of dimensions are allowed.

Item 2 4 2 delete

Paragraph 243 Replace "mandatory" with "recommended"

Paragraph 2 4 4 Replace the words "castings" with "map £ Uncut", "her" with "their",

table 2

note after the words "limit deviations" to add SLO you "individual sizes"

Item 2 4 5 after the words "Accuracy class" fully dimensionally processed"

Section 2 is to be supplemented with point-2 4 7^ “2 4 7 Unit deviations times F? plunged dimensional processing wives match

GOST 2o347-82 and be established by agreement between the manufacturer's enterprise and the rowing enterprise "g

Clause 2 6 1 shall be supplemented with paragraphs “Types and pairs * of defects normalized over lean shall be established by agreement with the Consumer, depending on the purpose of the magnet

Types, basic concepts and definitions of no B epxH ScTHblx defects are given

in the application 8 t

The main provisions of the normalization of defects pd and veden1 in Appendix 9",

Paragraph 2 6 2 Replace the words "Magnet castings" with "Magnet surfaces not subjected to dimensioning",

add the paragraphs “Defects with an area of ​​up to 1 mm2 to determine the sum

area occupied by surface defects F He F

On the surfaces of the magnets subjected to razor processing, traces of processing by a cutting tool are allowed in the form of lines n and a grid Traces of electrophysical and electrochemical processing

The absence of a metallic sheen is not a rejection sign. 11>nkt 2o3 Replace the word "castings" with "magnesium £ g

Paragraphs 2 6 4, 2 6 5 shall be deleted Section 3 shall be reworded

use the words "magnets, not

3.1. To check magnets for compliance with the requirements of this standard, the following types of tests are carried out: acceptance and qualification tests - for magnets mastered in production;

acceptance, periodic and standard - for serial production magnets.

3.2. Tests are carried out in the volume and sequence indicated in table. 4.

3.3. Tests of magnets for resistance to external influences are carried out at the enterprise-customer of magnets as part of a specific product or magnetic system for which the magnet is intended.

3.4. Acceptance and qualification tests are carried out by the method of selective control in accordance with GOST 16493-70 or GOST 18242-72. The control plan and the rejection option must be indicated in the working drawing for the magnet.

The selection of magnets in the sample is carried out by the method of selection "blindly" according to GOST 18321-73.

3.5. When monitoring the magnetic parameters of the controlled magnets, the discrepancy between the values ​​of the parameters of the manufacturer and the consumer should not exceed 6% in terms of magnetic flux, conditional coercive force, and magnetic induction.

Table 4

Note pis Checking the mass and chemical composition is carried out on the smallest tea sample of magnets in the amount of 3-10 pcs.

3.6. Acceptance tests are carried out on the entire experimental batch of magnets according to the plan of continuous control.

3 7 Periodic tests are carried out at least once a year on a sample of magnets in the amount of at least 15 pieces

The selection of magnets in the sample is carried out by the method of selection "blindly" according to GOST 18321-73

3 8 Type tests, if necessary, are carried out by the manufacturer when making changes to the design, manufacturing technology or materials used, if these changes may affect the quality of the magnets

Tests are carried out according to the program approved in the prescribed manner. Based on the test results, a decision is made on the advisability of making changes to the technical documentation.

3 9 If unsatisfactory results are obtained during qualification and type tests for at least one type of checks indicated in Table 4, the tests are repeated on a double sample The results of repeated tests are final

Clause 3 10 During acceptance tests, it is allowed to control the magnetic characteristics by comparison with a control magnet agreed between the manufacturer and the consumer "

Paragraph 4 2 1 add a paragraph (after the first one)

“Checking the magnetic parameters of magnets is carried out on verified measuring equipment

Measuring equipment is verified using a control magnet "

Paragraph 4 3 shall be supplemented with the words “or other NTD”,

Item 4 4 1 delete

Item 4 4 3 Change the value 10-20 to 3-10.

Paragraph 4 6 after the words "information processing" add the words "learned from the consumer"

Item 5 2 2 delete

Clause 5 23 First paragraph Delete the words "not subjected to dimensional processing", the second paragraph after the words "containers with" add the word "strength",

the last paragraph shall be stated in the new edition “Anti-corrosion protection option in accordance with GOST 9 014-78 - for magnets subjected to dimensional processing, must be installed in the working drawing on the magnet, for magnets not subjected to dimensional processing, - VZ-0 in accordance with GOST 9 014- 78"

Paragraph 5 3 shall be supplemented with the paragraph “It is allowed, upon agreement with the consumer, to pack and transport magnets in a state of magnetization to technical saturation. At the same time, measures must be taken to prevent their self-demagnetization and ensure compliance with the requirements for cargo established for the transport of the corresponding type”,

Paragraph 5 4 The fourth paragraph shall be supplemented with the words “or quantity, pcs” determined magnetic parameter",

the terms "Sink", "Chernovina", "Join", "Skol", "Tearout" and explanations shall be excluded

Annex 4 Replace the word "Mandatory" with "Recommended" Annex 6 Paragraph 8 1 delete

Clause 9 1 after the words "and passport" add the words "or certificate", after the words "with the consumer" add the words "at their request"

Supplement the standard with applications - 8, 9

APPENDIX 8 Reference

Types and explanations of defects on the surface of magnets

Type of defect

Explanation of the defect

Sink

Non-metallic inclusions Junction Utyazhina Uzhimina Neslitina Bay Underfilling and Breakout Burnt out Folding Gap

Chernovina

Surface damage

Breakout of the crystal

According to GOST 19200-80 The same

Defect in the form of distortion of the surface of the magnet when cutting workpieces, dimensional processing Unpolished surface Defect in the form of surface distortion resulting from accidental mechanical impact

Defect in the form of a violation of the integrity of the edges, corners of the magnet

Defect in the form of a rupture or tear of the body of the magnet

Depression on the surface due to chipping of the crystal or part of the crystal

Localized darkening (tint discoloration) during roughing operations or on machined surfaces due to exposure to high temperatures in the cutting zone

APPENDIX 9

Reference

The main provisions of the normalization of defects

1. The defect area is part of the nominal surface area, limited by the contour (perimeter) of the defect.

1.1. The defect area on the considered nominal surface, when the defect affects its edge, is taken into account only in that part that belongs to this surface (Fig. 1).

1.2. When determining the total area of ​​defects on the considered nominal surface, all areas of defects belonging to this surface are taken into account (Fig. 2).

1.3. When determining the total area of ​​defects present on the magnet, the defects located on all nominal surfaces are taken into account.

2. The length of the defect is the distance between two points that belong to the defect as far as possible from each other.

2 1 When determining the total length of defects present on the magnet, all their lengths are taken into account (Fig. 3)

2 2 If the length of a single defect is not standardized, then it can be any within the total length

3 Depth of the defect - the distance from its most distant point to the nominal surface in the direction of the normal to it

3 1 When determining the depth of a defect located on an edge, the maximum distance in the direction of the normal to the nominal position of the edge in the adjacent plane is taken into account (Fig. 4)

3 2 When the defect is located on a polyhedral angle, the depth is understood as the maximum length of the defect along the edge (h, feature 4)

3 3 If the normalized depth of the defect is not related to any surface, it should be considered that it is the same for all surfaces If the depth of defects is not specified, then it can be any within the normalized areas of defects

4 Defects protruding above the nominal surface (such as bays, burns, etc.) must be cleaned within the dimensional tolerance or specified separately in the technical requirements

4 1 If defects protruding above the nominal surface (Fig. 5) are specified, then the areas of defects are taken into account in the total area of ​​defects of the surface to which they belong

5 - surface defect area \ S 2 - surface defect area B

The total area of ​​defects on the surface 1 -sti A 5d -

The total area of ​​defects nosepxHfv with I and B Sg =S 4 +Sb

Total length of surface defects A

cracks - ti-h + L others - I d \u003d l \ ± l \ + h

hi - depth of defect 1 on the surface*

/g 4 - depth of defect 1 on the surface

ti and t 2 - defect thickness h - height Total surface defect area \u003d 5 ^ + 5- Surface defect area