The number of small innovative enterprises thousand The number of small innovative enterprises in St. Petersburg State University is growing

As world practice has shown, innovations are mostly created in the business sector, mainly in large corporations with the active participation of the state. Small enterprises, at the same time, can have a number of impressive advantages due to their inherent characteristic features in the innovation sphere. Let's take an example. So, in some states, in particular, in the USA, approximately 5% of the small business entrepreneurial sector is R&D costs, while at the same time, this share accounts for more than B created innovations. At least 46 of the 58 largest inventions of the 20th century, which were created in Western Europe and the USA, belong either to individual entrepreneurs or small companies.

Limited access to financial resources- this is one of the main problems in small business in the innovation sphere. It is obvious that the ability to access funding source systems is essential for a small scientific technology enterprise, because this contributes to effective growth and the ability to make a consistent transition to new stages of development.

More than twenty-five years have passed since the moment when such a socio-economic, independent phenomenon as entrepreneurship was formed in the Russian Federation. Entrepreneurship has been emerging in the Russian Federation since the mid-1980s. last century, after the law on individual labor activity in 1985. It should be noted that the institution of entrepreneurship, due to the formation of a branch of business law in Russia, has been developing very actively over the past quarter of a century. Each of the eight stages that have been passed in the development of the institution of entrepreneurship to today, to a different extent influenced the development of the entire branch of business law, as well as this socio-economic sector. In the Russian Federation, the following time frames fall on the initial stage of formation and development of entrepreneurship: 1985-1987, this period is characterized by the activities of the center of scientific and technical creativity, various creative teams that were established at public, scientific organizations, in addition, for this stage is characterized by a small number of participants in entrepreneurship, its experimental nature, as well as the special prevalence of team contracts.

The second stage lasted only a year - from 1987 to 1988, and here the scope of small business is expanding. In addition, development took place at this time, mainly in the form of a cooperative. During this period of time, there was an increase in the number of people who are employed in this economic segment, in particular, many young people began to engage in entrepreneurial activities.

The next stage in the development of entrepreneurial activity in the Russian Federation falls on 1989-990, during this period, legislative acts were adopted that were aimed at activating small businesses, as a result of which there was a diversification of the nomenclature organizational forms entrepreneurial activity, intensive development of relations arising from the lease, as well as a significant expansion of business areas.

The emergence of medium and large businesses in our country occurred in 1991-1992. This fourth stage of business development is characterized by the following features:

a) commercialization
b) the rapid growth of small enterprises in various organizational and legal forms,
c) the adoption of a number of new laws, in particular, on entrepreneurial activity, enterprises, property, etc.,
d) a rapid increase in the growth rate of the number of small enterprises, which is most typical for the mid-80s.

The next stage in the development of small business in the Russian Federation is 1993-1994. For this stage the following features are characteristic:

a) at that time, extensive privatization and the development of all types of entrepreneurship were actively taking place,
b) laying the foundations of market relations,
c) development of entrepreneurship, investment activity at the expense of formed capitals,
d) appearance a large number owners,
e) active participation in the sphere of small business services.

The next stage in the development of entrepreneurial activity can be identified: 1995-1998. It was characterized by the following:

a) the cessation of their existence of a large number of small enterprises, mainly scientific and advisory, trade and intermediary,
b) a distinctive feature of this stage is a sharp decline in the institution of entrepreneurship in our country,
c) the process of exhausting many opportunities for trade and intermediary activities, which are super-profitable.

For a period of time from 1998 to 2009. accounts for the next period of development of entrepreneurship in Russia, which was the longest. In these years, entrepreneurial activity is flourishing, this is due to the emergence of a new phenomenon for domestic law and economics, called public-private property. In addition, there is a rapid development in legislation in this new area. But not everything went smoothly during this period. Due to the well-known financial and economic crisis that occurred in 2008, there was a significant weakening of entrepreneurship in Russia, which at that time was not stable anyway.

Finally, a completely new stage in the development of the institution of entrepreneurship is currently relevant for the Russian Federation, which is characterized by active dynamics, an innovative economic system of the country, which in turn requires the continued development of innovative enterprises, public-private partnerships created in various regions of our country.

Thus, in the process of conducting a monographic study, it was found that the process of establishing a small business sector in the field of innovative technologies went through eight stages in its development, originating in the 80s of the last century, and has not yet reached its final stage.

In our study, the main focus is on the need to support small innovative business, which is associated with such a leading direction of the state's activity in the field of the country's economic strategy as the development of small and medium-sized businesses, since the share of the Russian Federation in the world market is quite small. According to statistics, it fluctuates between 0.35-1%, which leads to a logical conclusion that our country is lagging behind in terms of trade in various modern technologies compared to other powerful powers. Thus, there is a prevalence of engineering services, which account for 85% of exports and 53% of imports). It is noteworthy that a very small proportion - only

7% of the total volume of imports and 3% of exports, attributable to licenses, know-how, patents.

The main advantages of MIP are:

- timely adoption of organizational and economic decisions that allow responding to the emergence of a problem;
- focus on consumer demand;
- high labor motivation;

However, a small innovative enterprise is not without a number of disadvantages, such as:

- riskiness of activity;
- low attractiveness for investors;
- limited resources.

As the concept of long-term social economic development RF for the period up to 2020, the most important tasks of the state policy are the following:

1. Build and establish the effectiveness of the national innovation system (hereinafter referred to as NIS),
2. To carry out the transition to an innovative way of developing the economy of our country.

It is worth noting that at present there is a fact that often research institutes that are applied do not fulfill their priority task, which is to prepare for the implementation of innovations. In the Russian Federation, when addressing issues related to the modernization of the economy, SIEs (small innovative enterprises) do not currently play a significant role, although in many developed countries they make a significant contribution to the creation of various innovations.

Acting as a connecting element between production and science, being one of the parts of the nanoindustrialization chains, at the moment these SIEs are a very important part of the NIS. In the development of new technologies, as well as in the process of commodifying knowledge, small firms usually take on the risk, which is due to the fact that the composition of these firms often undergoes changes.

As I. Dezhina notes, in national innovative systems in our time, there is often a balance that provides a "critical mass" of a small innovative enterprise.

If we talk about the dynamics of small enterprises in the Russian Federation, which are registered in the Science and Scientific Service industry, then it is consistently negative. So, for example, about 50 thousand small innovative enterprises passed the registration procedure, in five years their number only exceeded 30 thousand, and already in 2002 their number was about 23 thousand. We come to the conclusion that in the Russian Federation in the early to mid-1990s. Since the last century, the largest number of IIPs was observed, and by 2002 this number had decreased by more than half, it should be noted that at the moment this indicator is stabilizing at a very small level.

Volgograd State University- one of the leaders among educational institutions, in terms of the degree of involvement in innovation activities. On the basis of VolSU, a number of small innovative enterprises have been created and are successfully operating, such as Consulting Agency LLC, RFIS LLC, CNT LLC, MIT LLC, INTELSYS LLC, SITIB LLC.

According to expert assessments, in the Russian Federation, small innovative enterprises account for the number of SIEs in the range: 34 thousand (according to 2009 data) - 100 thousand (according to expert I.M. Bortnik, 2008). In the light of the events of the last ten years, as A.V. Zhurov, one cannot count on the "invisible hand of the market".

It is impossible not to mention that such enterprises can work quite actively, and in various industrial areas, so, according to experts, this sector accumulates more than 120 thousand small enterprises. If we accept the assumption that 25% of these enterprises are innovative, then the number of SIEs should be doubled. The trends observed in this area may well be analyzed, despite the lack of precise information on the number of these firms. At the moment, small innovative enterprises operating in the Russian Federation in the field of innovation have a number of characteristic features, on the basis of which they should be divided into the following groups:

a) enterprises that were established at parent research institutes or at higher educational institutions,
b) independent structures.

Naturally, with great potential and resources, as well as the ability to "survive" in modern conditions economic management is possessed by small innovative enterprises of the first type, which is the reason for their prevailing number. They are created, among other things, to facilitate the processes of their commercialization for research institutes and higher educational institutions involved in innovative developments. So, as Russian lawyers rightly point out, the current budget classification does not provide for expenditure items of budgetary institutions that could be directed to patenting intellectual property. Moreover, a budgetary institution is essentially not interested in commercializing its developments, since its current legal status does not give him the opportunity to freely dispose of income from the sale of rights to objects of intellectual property.

In this regard, the optimal form of commercialization of developments and technologies for research institutes and higher scientific institutions, among the existing ones, is the creation of small innovative enterprises.

After analyzing the share of participation of the state, as well as large companies, foreign investors in a small innovative enterprise, we can say that the number of personnel in such an enterprise is at least from 5 to 100 people.

According to the results of research, more than 62% of managers note that for them at their enterprises the most acceptable is the orientation towards the age structure, while about 60-80% of the team are workers under 45 years old. For 20% of managers, the main focus is on the rejuvenation of personnel, and only 14% of managers seek to attract exactly mature employees of a more mature age group. It is noteworthy that, in general, only 7% of the total number of respondents are satisfied with the current situation at the enterprise, 79% of respondents noted a significant increase in production volumes, and 64% are only partially satisfied with the current state of affairs, it is important for them to focus on finding possible capital investments ( 21%), increase assets turnover (21%), focus on changing the country's domestic policy (20%) .

In general, the growth of the economy is a reflection of the increase in production at small innovative enterprises. Today, for about 2/5 of all enterprises, it is important to plan actions to expand their activities through:

a) attraction borrowed money as a rationale for all measures of state support for IIP that are necessary,
b) establishing partnerships with investment funds, banks, large companies acting as potential creditors and investors.

Since in many small innovative enterprises workers under 45 represent the main staff, we can say that thanks to the development human capital of their employees, the development potential of small innovative enterprises is huge. In addition, this can be confirmed by the fact that many small innovative enterprises that worked on Russian market, are very young organizations, the formation of which took place at a time after the mass phenomenon of the privatization of research institutes, as well as design bureaus.

Small innovative enterprises of the first type include those companies that have the right to own licenses for leading technologies owned by the parent organization, as well as those firms founded by employees of higher education institutions and research institutes. It should be noted that many SIPs should be referred to this type. Among the main advantages of existence at research institutes for SIEs is the fact that they are provided, if necessary, with a deferral of payments for public Utilities, rent, they can use the receipt of a part of the state order through the parent organization, all the well-established relations of the institute with customers, partners, the brand, and, finally, they have at their disposal the entire experimental base.

Note that in recent decades, we can observe a decrease in the number of these SIEs. During the period of time that is calculated after the collapse of the USSR, that former stock of developments, around which the formation of small firms took place, was practically exhausted. In this regard, the return of teams of small innovative enterprises to those structures from which there was a separation from them has become relevant.

It is due to the fact that SIEs were able to find a niche suitable for them, located in the market of high technology products, that they continue to live, because, as you know, the share of independent SIEs is very small.

Little demand from industry, lack of working capital(access to loans), as well as, of course, an undeveloped infrastructure (both personnel, production and financial) - all this hinders the development of SIEs and is a limiting factor in their activities.

Lack of adequate funding for IIP is usually associated in most cases with a lack of projects that would be of interest to investors. It is worth noting that, often striving to retain controlling stakes, being wary of transferring assets to external managers for management, not being able to create convincing, worthy business plans, small innovative enterprises often do their work “opaquely”. In addition, the question is often controversial for SIE: who exactly owns the right to intellectual property.

In addition, at the moment, the Russian NIS should be qualified as a transitional model that accumulates elements of both market system, and administrative-command. And this is a problem in the development of IIP that needs to be resolved. It is impossible not to notice that everything that has been created at the moment is rather limited in scope and fragmentary. Obviously, in connection with this fact, SIE managers, studying the degree of influence on the commercial success of infrastructure, do not find a significant connection between these phenomena.

Firstly, it is not entirely clear how this model will be developed - whether it will happen through borrowing technologies or thanks to its own resources. Secondly, the future model of the scientific and innovative sphere at the state level is not quite clearly seen. Scientific activity is a catalyst for the development of the economy, therefore, science must have an orientation towards integration with education and an innovative component. If you look at science as an object cultural heritage, contribution to the world development and as for national pride, then in this case it is necessary to implement technological development through imports, as well as support for fundamental research.

It should be noted that in this area there are a number of particular problems, for example, the problem of lack of clear regulation at the legislative level, which is associated with the functioning of the infrastructure in the field of innovation. Another problem is the fact that foreign models of innovation activity are transferred to domestic ones, which is fundamentally wrong, since the economic context where these mechanisms operate is not taken into account.

In addition, support for IIPs as a priority group of participants is limited. innovation process. It is obvious that only three funds cannot ensure the development of small businesses in the field of innovation, especially with rather modest funds throughout the country.

Finally, one of the problems is that there is no indirect regulation in innovation activity. Large industry should be interested in innovation. If this does not happen, it is impossible to talk about the effectiveness of the small business sector.

After analyzing the above problems, we consider it possible to determine some ways to solve them.

Since small innovative enterprises are also participants in technoparks, in our opinion, it is extremely necessary to develop regulatory legal acts that should define the status of a technopark, the criteria by which it is created, accreditation and conditions for the provision of services to small innovative enterprises. It would be advisable to apply the analysis of string contracts concluded between small firms and the leadership of the innovation center. In such documents, it is necessary to establish clear obligations of the parties, as well as the period during which the SIE can be part of the technopark.

Further, since the system public procurement Today, there is no requirement at the legislative level to place part of their contracts in small firms; when fulfilling government orders, a subcontracting system should be involved, which is quite effective and helps to ensure links between large businesses and small innovative enterprises.

As a result of the study of successfully developing SIEs, it can be concluded that a certain strategy is usually used in the formation of any small science-intensive form. There are four such strategies in total.

1. The situation of a "technological push", in which it is the developments that become the catalysts for the commercialization process (and not the needs of the market). In this approach, scientists first develop a product that has commercial potential. After the creation of the IIP, scientists try to find buyers (or consumers) of their product. This strategy is one of the most common in the creation of Russian SIE.
2. A strategy in which the development is patented first, and then the company is created, while the initial stage in functioning is impossible without a competent licensing policy.
3. It is also possible that scientists who have left science create SIE themselves, having earned for this initial capital through its trading and intermediary activities. This IIP strategy, along with the first one, is also the most popular for domestic SIPs.
4. The essence of the fourth strategy is that business representatives, being interested in the production of high-tech products, themselves look for a developer, carry out activities to develop R&D, their own production, having previously studied the needs of the market. With this approach, the order for the development of a technology or product (demand pull) is dictated by demand. As practice shows, this strategy is quite successful for the reason that it is based on the needs of the market.

An important problem in the development of the institution of a small innovative enterprise is the well-known imbalance of the Russian economy as a whole. Back in April 2011, the Minister of Economic Development of Russia E.S. Nabiullina in her speech focused on the fact that all large Russian oil and gas and metallurgical companies that have gone through the path of modernization and become competitive enterprises prefer to sell a significant part of their products on the foreign market. At the same time, the needs of the domestic national market are met through the purchase of imported raw materials. As a result, one of the most competitive sectors of the Russian economy is, to a certain extent, dependent on constant changes in the external market, while domestic market directly determined by the import factor.

Given this situation in the economy, the state of the domestic and the situation in foreign markets, D.A. Medvedev, even during his presidency, ordered to provide a new direction public policy on the creation of innovative enterprises, which created conditions for reducing and in the long term eliminating the state of dependence of the domestic national market on import purchases, production own product using domestic high-tech technologies and expanding the volume of the national market, improving the level of qualification and professionalism of the staff of higher educational institutions in Russia, improving the material security of scientific personnel on the basis of leading institutes of higher vocational education And scientific centers country.

In this direction, under the leadership of the Government of the Russian Federation, work is underway to develop innovative enterprises that are created and operate on the basis of the country's leading scientific and educational centers.

At the moment, as part of the implementation of the SIE development program, less than 700 innovative enterprises have been created in the Russian Federation, operating in various areas of industrial and scientific activity.

All of the above confirms the fact that today the development of innovative enterprises based on high school and scientific centers remains an urgent and priority direction of state policy in the field of economics and science.

In 2009, Federal Law No. 217-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the Establishment of Business Companies by Budgetary Scientific and Educational Institutions in order to practical application(implementation) of the results of intellectual activity” (hereinafter Federal Law No. 217-FZ). This law created the necessary conditions and opportunities for universities and research centers to form and develop their own basic innovative enterprises and enterprises whose scientific activities are of an applied nature, and whose products have a high degree of introduction into economic circulation, with the subsequent introduction of the economic results of SIE activities into their own authorized capital.

This legislative work has created a solid legal basis for the implementation of the country's scientific and production potential, stimulated the creation and development of a national innovation environment. In addition, the necessary funds and opportunities were provided to universities and research centers to retain and replenish their promising personnel, create attractive and interesting jobs for students, university graduates, and graduate students.

The state policy in the field of development of innovative enterprises was expressed in the adoption of a number of legislative and other regulatory legal acts that provide material and legal preferences scientific institutions countries for the most simplified and accelerated procedure for the creation and operation of new innovative enterprises on the basis of higher education and scientific campuses.

The adopted Federal Law No. 217-FZ has its legal shortcomings; for various reasons, it does not completely solve the problems associated with the creation and operation of innovative enterprises created on the basis of independent economic entities - educational and scientific centers.

One of the above problematic issues legislative regulation in the field of creating SIE on the basis of higher education and research centers is the procedure for providing rent and rental space. According to the current Russian legislation, an indispensable condition for the provision of premises necessary, in particular, for the creation and operation of SIE, to educational and scientific centers is the conclusion of a lease agreement, for which potential tenants must win the competition by offering the highest rent. Provided that while the law does not distinguish between the founders of the SIE and other potential tenants during the competition, the lack of preferences for the SIE in this matter calls into question the very idea of the state to implement the plan to create the country's innovation base.

In addition, the creation of an SIE on the basis of a higher school and research institutes requires amendments to the charter of the founding organization, which presents inevitable technical difficulties and takes time, and the leadership of higher educational institutions considers such a procedure as redundant. No less time-consuming in practice is the process of obtaining numerous licenses for the SIE, which are necessary for the implementation of its activities.

Thus, summarizing the above problems of a legal and practical nature, it can be stated that the current legislation, which determines the procedure for creating business entities of a new legal form, has its drawbacks and ignores some of the legal aspects of the creation and operation of the SIE; does not solve the problems that inevitably arise in practice for the management of universities in the implementation of innovative initiatives; creating a successful and profitable small innovative enterprise requires significant costs and time.

Therefore, for a more complete implementation of the legal and practical potential laid down in the current version of Federal Law No. 217-FZ, it seems necessary, in as soon as possible to create at the government level a working scheme for the application of this federal law, which V.V. Putin spoke about in his speech in January 2011.

It is also objectively necessary to bring Federal Law No. 217-FZ into line with other regulatory legal acts in order to prevent conflicts and improve this legislative act in general. Moreover, it is necessary to supplement the regulatory and legal instruments for regulating the sphere of creation and operation of SIEs by adopting a new legal act establishing a preferential tax regime for innovative enterprises created on the basis of higher educational institutions and research centers, providing an opportunity for SIEs to obtain leased areas in a simplified manner for implementation its activities. Leasing premises without complying with the indispensable condition for passing the competition and obtaining a tender will reduce the cost of rent and, therefore, will allow more efficient and accelerated successful and profitable activities, obtaining a production and experimental base.

For a successful, planned and effective development innovative business on the basis of higher education and scientific centers of the country, all necessary measures should be taken at the state level and with the participation of the state to develop the domestic intellectual property market, which will create a legal and material environment for the commercialization of scientific developments. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to attract the most stable and interested investor - primarily the state, whose funds will be directed to national research and development, which in the near future will have a positive impact on the social and economic sector. To implement such large-scale economic measures, a tough state control and proper legal regulation in this area, especially when budgetary funds are involved in the development of SIP. Innovative high-tech developments should be developed under the indispensable condition of the earliest possible introduction into the production process and obtaining economic profit, i.e. should not be divorced from the current needs of the economy; the lack of demand or irrelevance of the latest technologies is unacceptable. In connection with the foregoing, we believe that the Government of the Russian Federation needs to prepare specific proposals for the elimination of unreasonable legal barriers to the use of intellectual property rights created through public investment in SIE.

In conclusion, it should be noted that, despite all the existing difficulties in the legal support of existence and economic management, SIE is the future of the industrial potential of the Russian Federation, a link between science and production, which ensures the implementation of the main function of innovative entrepreneurial activity - the commercialization of an innovative product that will allow our country to a leading economic position.

See: International conference "Interaction between small and large businesses", Moscow, June 2004 / ed. gr.: V.Sh. Kaganov (leader), V.P. Vashchenko, E.V. Bobrova, V.Yu. Zavedeeva; Institute of Entrepreneurship and Investments, Acad. management and market. - (Practice of interaction between small and large businesses: information-analytical collection). - 11P1_: www.smb-support.org/nsbi/showPage.b1m1?1b=232&. (date of access: 15.08.2012).
2” See: The Ministry of Economic Development will continue to support small innovative businesses.
See: Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation: official. website. - URL: http://mon.gov.ru/press/news/8237/.
2.3 See for more details: Aleksandrova S.Yu. Small innovative enterprises at higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation: problems and development prospects: author. dis.... cand. economy Sciences. - M., 2012. - S. 13.

A small innovative enterprise is an enterprise whose share of products older than three years in the total volume of output is not more than 10%. Despite the fact that only about 6% of the total number of employees in small business work in the innovation sphere, this area of small business development can be put in one of the first places in terms of importance for economic development.

A small innovative firm is a small, mobile team of professionals, acting alone or as part of a large organization in areas where constant change occurs. The founders of small innovative firms are scientists, engineers, inventors, striving to bring the latest achievements of science and technology to life with the expectation of material gain. The initial capital of such firms can be the personal savings of the founder, but they are usually not enough to implement existing ideas. In such situations, you have to contact one or more specialized financial companies willing to provide risk capital.

Small enterprises engaged in innovative activities began to emerge on a large scale in the second half of the 1980s. Their development made it possible to accelerate the innovation process

In the early 1990s, small enterprises engaged in innovative activities found themselves in difficult conditions of a rapid curtailment of demand for scientific products due to the investment crisis, which caused a decline in innovation activity, and an increase in the budget deficit. Currently, small innovative enterprises are not associated with investment demand, so their profitability has declined sharply. Research and development is carried out either on rented equipment or by using it free of charge at the place of work. Characteristic development of small innovative business at the present time - its instability.

Small business in the innovation sphere is currently being formed in several ways. Small innovative enterprises can be separated from large state scientific organizations. The activity of small firms in this case is aimed at modernizing and improving the types of equipment developed at the parent company. Small enterprises engaged in innovative activities can be created as market counterparts of laboratories and departments of branch research institutes and factories and engage in both scientific and applied research and a full innovation cycle. Another way to form small innovative enterprises is to unite a group of developers to produce competitive and profitable science-intensive products. Small innovative enterprises can be formed as intermediaries to promote innovations and technologies created by specialists in the field of specific equipment and technology. The role of such firms is especially significant in regions where scientific, technical and marketing ties are weaker than in the center.

The development of innovation activity, the development and support of small business today are largely interconnected, they complement and stimulate each other.

The efficiency of small enterprises is ensured by their mobility and flexibility, willingness to take risks, better coordination of actions, prompt decision-making, and lower production costs. The following advantages of small firms in the implementation of innovations are distinguished:

Enthusiasm, cohesion, initiative of the staff;

In the field of finance - low capital intensity;

Personal example of leadership, minimum bureaucracy, ability to take risks;

In the field of internal communications - interpersonal communications, quick response to internal problems;

In the field of marketing - a quick response to changes in demand.

Small enterprises are engaged in the development and development of innovations in those areas that seem unpromising or very risky for large firms. According to numerous studies, small firms produce twice as many new products per worker as large firms.

The following features of small business in the innovation sphere can be noted.

1. Deepening the specialization of scientific developments. In many cases small firms can compete with large concerns, working only in a highly specialized direction.

2. Focus on product innovation and provision of services in the innovation sphere. This can be explained by the fact that large-scale, mass production is not typical for small companies. Products are produced in relatively small batches, and sometimes in a single copy.

3. Dependence of the degree of intensity of innovation activity on the industry in which small enterprises operate.

An analysis of the activities of small innovative enterprises showed that more than half of them are engaged in design new technology. In second place is the development of software tools - these enterprises are engaged in information services, manufacture of instruments and equipment, as well as adjustment and repair of equipment. Every fourth small innovative enterprise carries out consulting in the field of scientific and technical sphere.

In Russia, the number of small enterprises engaged in science and scientific services has significantly decreased in recent years. At the same time, small enterprises play a significant role in the field of innovation, in the embodiment of the achievements of scientific and technological progress. Small firms have created such innovations as a personal computer, a microprocessor, and many software tools.

The work of the SIE was discussed at the last meeting of the Academic Council of St Petersburg University on December 3. The commercialization of scientific research is one of the main prospects for the development of universities around the world. All foreign universities make money by implementing their ideas, live by using their intellectual potential.

Recall that in 2009, federal law No. 217-FZ was adopted, which laid legal basis the existence of innovative enterprises at universities and research institutes, for the first time in Russia made it possible for universities and research institutes to implement the results of their intellectual activity. One of the indicators of the SPbU Development Program aims to create business entities that ensure the practical application of the results of the intellectual activity of SPbU (by 2012 this indicator should be equal to five). The plan has been fulfilled - at the moment there are 5 small innovative enterprises operating at the University:

LLC "Innovation Center for Transport Research"

The IIP was established at the end of 2011. IN authorized capital the share of St. Petersburg State University is 33.34%, the share of Innovative Technologies LLC is 66.66%. At the same time, the business partner invests capital, and the University - the secret of production (know-how) "Technology for the development of dynamic transport routing in the conditions of cooperation between carriers." In 2012, the activity of SIP was aimed at positioning the enterprise in the service market. Two agreements on scientific and technical cooperation were concluded, and the financing of the economic activities of SIE was carried out by LLC Innovative Technologies in the amount of 677 thousand rubles.

OOO "Geological Center of St. Petersburg State University"

The enterprise was founded at the end of 2011. In the authorized capital of SIE, the share of St Petersburg University is 33.4%, the share of private individuals, scientists of St Petersburg University is 66.6%, while the University invests the secret of production (know-how). From April to October 2012, three contracts were signed, for each of which work continues (geological assessment of the hydrocarbon potential of the Barents Sea basin; geological and structural model of the Olimpiada ore field in the gold deposit of the Krasnoyarsk Territory; analysis and description of rock sections of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago). In 2013, due to the active attraction, in accordance with the law, of St Petersburg University resources (primarily new modern equipment located in laboratories and resource centers), it is planned to increase the income of SIE by two to three times.

SIP "Center for Information Technologies of St. Petersburg State University"

The center was registered at the end of 2011 (headed by Professor A. N. Terekhov), contracts have been signed, funding has been received, projects are being carried out (automation technology for the development of integrated circuits for chip crystals based on a new, specially developed language, which is five times shorter than world analogues; under an agreement with the UNAM University in Mexico: visualization of oil reservoirs with the construction of digital atlases of rocks of wells and fields - to create a quick visual perception of oil workers; development of an automated control system completely independent of foreign code for "NPO Mashinostroeniya"). In September, MIP became the winner of the competition for granting subsidies to business entities of St. Petersburg created by universities, and won a subsidy from the Committee for Higher Science and Higher Education of the Government of St. Petersburg in the amount of 400 thousand rubles.

Center for Information and Diagnostic Systems LLC

The Center was registered in September 2012, headed by Professor E. D. Kotina, is developing the Diagnostics software package for nuclear medicine, and is actively negotiating with customers.

LLC "Center for Organizational Innovations of St. Petersburg State University"

The Center uses the know-how "Method of analyzing biographical data for assessing managerial potential" (headed by S. A. Manichev).

There are five more SIEs in the registration stage:

Peptotechnologies LLC (will produce feedstock medicinal product used in type 2 diabetes, the drug will fully comply with the imported analogue, and its cost is 10–20 times lower)
Thin Film Nanotechnologies LLC (will produce high-tech equipment for obtaining coatings by atomic layer deposition, nanometer-thick films on various surfaces, prices are significantly lower than those of foreign competitors)
MIP, established jointly with Beagle LLC (organic synthesis of biomolecules for the production of commercially available enzymes of nucleic exchange)
MIP, established jointly with Allopharm LLC (development and production of external agents for the treatment of infectious skin diseases)
MIP, which is being created on the basis of the laboratory of biochemical genetics of St. Petersburg State University as a result of the implementation of the project Measure 3 of financing scientific activities (obtaining organisms producing heterologous proteins for medical and veterinary purposes for the treatment and prevention of diseases in animals)

Since the 80s of the last century, small enterprises with innovative projects began to appear in Russia. Their creation ensures the development of innovative projects and contributes to the stable development of the economic sphere. In the difficult decade of the 1990s, the decline in budget support and investment led to a reduction in scientific projects.

Today, small business is gaining momentum, but remains unstable. Its profitability has become much less, as investment investments have decreased.

In the universities of the Central Federal District, activation is currently noted. The leader is the Belgorod region, as well as educational institutions of the Chernozem region: Voronezh and Tambov regions.

The creation of small enterprises based on educational institutions expands the possibilities of the scientific community, allowing to increase the range of paid services, create jobs, increase the competitiveness of participation in government programs.

Keywords

INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY / SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE / PROBLEM OF DEVELOPMENT/ MANAGEMENT / EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT / INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT/ WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT

annotation scientific article on economics and business, author of scientific work - Asadullin Midhat Nailievich

In modern conditions, the issue of ensuring the innovative development of Russia remains extremely difficult and important. With an increase in the volume of budget financing of the scientific and innovative sphere, there is a stagnation of activity in innovation. The article analyzes the problems of legal and organizational nature, including in the protection and transfer of intellectual property, certification of innovative products, providing access to innovative infrastructure, which cause a low level of domestic demand for innovation and a significant bias towards the purchase of finished high-tech products from a foreign manufacturer. In this regard, the author proposes to pay special attention to the development small innovative enterprises(IIP), which have a number of potential advantages for their successful implementation in the innovation sphere. An analysis of the number of SIEs is given, their distribution by universities and scientific organizations is shown. Particular attention is paid to the article development issues IIP taking into account modern investment and regulatory legal conditions of activity. It has been established that all the problems hindering the development of SIE can be divided into those that are determined by the level of management at the enterprise, the decrease in the volume of authorized capital, the problems of commercial justification of the contribution of intellectual property to authorized capital, shortage of personnel, lack of commercially attractive intellectual property, non-compliance of SIE activities with the list of critical technologies and priority areas of science, lack of experience in marketing innovations, and those that depend on the impact external environment problems associated with registration of rights to the results of intellectual activity, lack of sufficient investment, imperfection of regulatory legal acts, lack of innovation infrastructure in universities. It is shown how this or that problem can influence the success of the activity. As a result, those measures to solve the problems that the state is taking and those opportunities and directions that should make it possible to increase the success of Russian SIEs are shown.

The text of the scientific work on the topic "The state and problems of development of small innovative enterprises in Russia"

Economy and management in branches and fields of actmty

Asadullin M. N. Asadullin M. N.

Deputy Head of Department

Federal Tax Service for the Republic of Bashkortostan, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russian Federation

STATE AND PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES IN RUSSIA

In modern conditions, the issue of ensuring the innovative development of Russia remains extremely difficult and important. With an increase in the volume of budget financing of the scientific and innovative sphere, there is a stagnation of activity in innovation activity. The article analyzes the problems of a legal and organizational nature, including the protection and transfer of intellectual property, certification of innovative products, access to innovative infrastructure, which cause a low level of domestic demand for innovation and a significant bias towards the purchase of finished high-tech products from foreign manufacturer. In this regard, the author proposes to pay special attention to the development of small innovative enterprises (SIE), which have a number of potential advantages for their successful implementation in the innovation sphere. An analysis of the number of SIEs is given, their distribution by universities and scientific organizations is shown. Particular attention in the article is paid to the problems of SIE development, taking into account modern investment and regulatory legal conditions of activity. It has been established that all the problems hindering the development of SIP can be divided into those determined by the level of management at the enterprise: a decrease in the volume of authorized capital, problems of commercial justification of the contribution of intellectual property to the authorized capital, personnel shortage, lack of commercially attractive intellectual property, inconsistency of SIP activities with the list of critical technologies and priority areas of science, lack of experience in marketing innovations - and those that depend on the influence of the external environment: problems associated with registration of rights to the results of intellectual activity, lack of sufficient investment, imperfection of regulatory legal acts, lack of innovation infrastructure in universities. It is shown how this or that problem can influence the success of the activity. As a result, measures are shown to solve the problems that the state is taking, as well as opportunities and directions that should increase the success of Russian SIEs.

Key words: innovative activity, small innovative enterprise, development problem, management, external environment, internal environment, development paths.

STATUS AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING SMALL-SIZE INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES IN RUSSIA

to the development of small innovative enterprises (SIE), which have a number of potential benefits of their successful implementation in the innovation sector. The analysis of number of number of SIE, showing their distribution by universities and scientific organizations. Special attention is paid to problems of development of the SIE, given the current investment and regulatory environment. It is established that all the problems constraining the development of SIE can be divided into those that are determined by the level of management in the enterprise - reducing the amount of the share capital, of commercial justification of the contribution of intellectual property in authorized capital, staff shortages, lack of commercially attractive intellectual property mismatch of activities of the SIE the list of critical technologies and priority directions of science, lack of experience in the marketing of innovations, and those that depend on the external environment - problems associated with registration of rights to results of intellectual activity, the lack of sufficient investment, a poor regulatory and legal acts, the lack of universities in the innovation infrastructure. It is shown how a particular problem can influence the success of the activities. In the end, shows the steps to solving the problems that are taken by the government and the opportunities and directions that should allow you to increase the success of the Russian SIE.

Key words: innovation activity, small innovative enterprise, the problem of development, management, external environment, internal environment, the way of development.

At present, the problems of the development of innovation activity in Russia are being solved different ways. At the same time, innovation activity remains at an extremely low level. The composition of innovation-active enterprises remains constant. In industry as a whole, only 5% of enterprises are independently engaged in research. And this is in conditions when the share of state financing of participants in innovative activities is increasing by 15-20% annually.

Despite the measures taken, problems of a legal and organizational nature remain in the protection and transfer of intellectual property, certification of innovative products, and ensuring access to innovative infrastructure. It is important that the level of domestic demand for innovations also remains low, a significant bias is noted towards the purchase of finished high-tech products from foreign manufacturers, while ignoring the need to develop their own new developments. Large companies in modern Russia it is more profitable to invest in more profitable and less risky projects. The motivation for such behavior lies in the desire of Russian companies to update the material and technical base as soon as possible, to increase the technical level of production.

stva, quickly recoup the invested funds. It is also necessary to pay attention to the very low level of interaction between the main participants in the innovation process in Russia (institutions higher education, scientific organizations, small innovative enterprises, big business) among themselves.

We can say that today innovation activity in Russia is in a phase of stagnation. The amount of research and development is declining by more than 3% every year. The number of innovation-active enterprises in Russia is only 11.5%. The number of organizations involved in scientific and innovative activities is also decreasing every year. So from 1995 to 2014 the number of such organizations decreased by 26%. There was also a decrease in the number of design and design and survey organizations by 42% and 84%, respectively.

Among the participants in innovative development, it is preferable to pay attention to Small innovative enterprises (SIEs). Their number has been increasing recently, so their successful development and implementation of innovative developments can lead to an increase in innovative activity in Russia as a whole. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the role of SIE in the development of innovative activities.

ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT IN BRANCHES AND FIELDS OF ACTIVITY

activity in Russia, to identify common problems and to determine directions for further development.

The main developers of innovations are the organizations of the scientific and technological sphere of Russia: industry research and design organizations, academic scientific organizations and universities, as well as industrial enterprises themselves. In turn, research and academic organizations, as well as universities, as a rule, have a higher potential for innovation. Such potential is human capital (researchers, their knowledge and skills) and organizational capital (technical and software, patents, etc.). Other participants in the innovative development of Russia, such as industrial enterprises, factories, design organizations, have a lower potential, since their main activity is not the development of science, but the production of a product or the provision of a service. Therefore, the stake on the development of SIE in modern conditions is quite justified.

The share of SIE in the implementation of innovations among all enterprises is 6.6%, which is quite a significant indicator that affects the level of innovation activity in Russia. At the beginning of 2016, 2,887 SIEs were registered in Russia, and the total costs for the development of innovations in 2015 amounted to 9,479.3 million rubles. At the same time, the growth dynamics

IIP is unstable over the years (Figure 1), but is not catastrophic.

Despite the large number of SIEs, innovative business at universities is still a fairly new phenomenon in the Russian economy. Abroad, the experience of small firms in introducing innovations is quite successful, the following options for the names of organizations of this kind are used:

Innovative small business (innovative SME);

High-tech firm (high technology firm);

New technology based firm (NTBF);

A knowledge-based firm, or "exple-rent" - "an innovator firm that consciously takes significant risks, and making profits from the sale of new products and technologies makes it dependent on the giftedness of intellectuals working in firm, and their extraordinary fruitful ideas, proposals, etc. .

In Russia, a small innovative enterprise can be characterized as a type of entrepreneurial activity small organization aimed at making a profit through research and development, the result of which is an innovative product aimed at improving production conditions, as well as human life, and its commercialization. Transfer of innovative technologies from scientific and educational institutions to

economy through the creation of SIP received legal status with exit federal law N° 217-FZ of August 2, 2009 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the Creation of Economic Companies by Budgetary Scientific and Educational Institutions for the Purpose of Practical Application (Implementation) of the Results of Intellectual Activity”.

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At the same time, it is impossible to combine the concepts of a small enterprise with SIE, since their specific activity and work functions are different. Considering the role of innovative enterprises, Zh. B. Smagulova and R. A. Bisenova identified the main distinctive and common functions of the two forms of organizations presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Functions of a "classic" and innovative small enterprise

As a result of the analysis of data from the Center for Research and Statistics of Science, it has been established that at present 2887 SIEs are officially registered in Russia, of which 1962 SIEs have been created. budget organizations. At the same time, 21 scientific research institutes organized 29 economic societies, 63 scientific institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences - 103, and 281 universities - 1962 (table

Table 1. Number of business entities (SIE) created by budgetary organizations

Quantity Quantity

Organizations of organizations that created SIEs created by SIEs

Institutions of Science RAS 63 103

Universities 281 1962

Table 1 shows that research institutes create fewer SIEs than universities. One research institute created on average 1.3

MIP, institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences - 1.7, and universities - 7. The first place is shared by the Institute of Catalysis. G.K. Boreskov of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", which created seven small innovative enterprises each. More than 2/3 (71.4%) institutions of academic science organized only one enterprise, 26.2% - 2-5 SIEs and 2.4% - more than 6 SIEs (Figure 3).

and 2 to 5 MIPs; 26.20%

n more b MIP iot 2 to 5 MIP B1 MIP

Figure 3 general characteristics scientific institutions in terms of the number of established SIEs, %

ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT iN BRANCHES AND FIELDS OF ACTiViTY

Based on the number of organizations created by higher educational institutions, it was determined that 23.5% of universities created 1 SIE, 33.8% - 2-5 SIEs and 23.5% - 6-10 SIEs, 15.3% - 11-25 SIEs, 2.1% - 26- 35 SIEs and only 1.8% organized more than 36 SIEs.

It has been established that the most frequently used innovations for creating MIP are developments in mechanical engineering, chemistry, robotics, and physics. They make up more than half of the total, followed by the biomedical direction - more than 10%, services - 10%, information technology - 8% (Figure 4) .

Figure 4. Characteristics of the main activities of existing

IIP formed on the basis of RIA industry affiliation, %

Let us consider those problems that, according to the researchers and the author, have an impact on the development of SIE in Russia.

The amount of the authorized capital of small innovative enterprises is gradually decreasing. If in December 2012 the average authorized capital was about 300 thousand rubles, then in 2016 it was only a little more than 270 thousand rubles. This leads to an increase in the number of micro-enterprises, which, as practice shows, cease their activities soon after they are created. Thus, formally the number of SIEs is increasing, while the number of actually operating enterprises is decreasing.

Also acute is the problem of lack of investment, which is associated with high risks of innovative business. A fairly accurate assessment of demand for SIE products is made difficult by the unstable economy

the economic situation in the country as a whole. There is a risk of being unclaimed new products. The lack of information about the market and the lack of opportunities for cooperation is also called one of the problems of small business. innovative entrepreneurship in Russia .

An equally important problem in the development of Russia's innovation infrastructure is the lack of qualified personnel. The reason for this may be the low prestige of scientific work, the low level of salary plans young workers. The result is unstable dynamics of the number of people employed in science.

There are difficulties with the management of intellectual property (IP) for the contribution to the authorized capital of the SIP. Such management in modern conditions consists in the creation of the so-called IP-company, which is used to concentrate the rights to IP objects according to their market value, which leads to an increase in the cost of IIP due to the valuation of IP and contributes to further attracting funding. Holding such an event requires highly effective management within the SIP itself.

It also highlights the problems associated with the registration of exclusive rights to received RIA. This problem is largely related to the lack of qualified personnel in SIE, as well as the legal "illiteracy" of RIA owners.

The problem of imperfection is traditional for Russia legislative framework. This problem includes a complex and often ambiguous situation with the legal and tax base for the implementation of RIA. And also, according to M.V. Kiselyov, serious problems appear even at the first steps of creating an SIE. Due to the imperfection of the legislative and regulatory framework for intellectual property, attractive IP in universities is issued to private individuals and is taken out of the influence of the university.

Also, in accordance with FZ-217, IP in the form of copyright certificates and patents can be contributed as authorized capital to the IIP.

Economics and management in industries and fields of activity

commodities, topologies of integrated circuits, software products and know-how. At the same time, it should be noted that only registration of rights to it in the form of copyright certificates and patents takes one and a half to two years. Authorization for software products through the Federal Institute of Industrial Property is a slightly shorter period - up to one year. Obtaining a registered IP copyright by a university is a mandatory, but not the final step for creating an IIP. It is also necessary to transfer the non-exclusive IP rights of the university to the IIP. This procedure is also formalized through FIPS and takes about a year.

The shortage of personnel for SIE, as well as for science in general, has a significant impact on the development of the considered type of innovative activity. According to I.O. Kom-lev and A.I. Pogrebnoy, this problem due to the low level of professional and qualification knowledge of young professionals, low salaries and a corresponding decrease in motivation for self-realization in the scientific field. Table 2 shows the performance indicators of the average SIE in Russia.

Table 2. Indicators of staffing of the average SIE

Indicator Value

Average age of employees, years 35

The size of the premises for conducting activities, sq. m 200-300

Number of full-time employees, people 3

Number of part-time employees, people 5-6

The number of involved graduate students, doctoral students, pers. 3

In addition, the lack of commercially attractive intellectual property in universities is often revealed. According to the statistics of the Opora Rossii organization, the average percentage of commercially attractive intellectual property in Russian universities is 1-2%, which is extremely small for the successful development of innovative activities. Thus it becomes necessary

strengthening university management to develop the resource base of university science. This is necessary for the development of effective RIA and, thereby, increasing the attractiveness of IP and, accordingly, increasing its cost.

It is impossible not to note the traditional problem of the lack of a developed innovation infrastructure in universities.

We also note the discrepancy between the types of activities of the SIE and the list of critical technologies and priority areas of science, which could make it possible to receive state support (Table 3).

The problem is the lack of experience in innovation marketing and practice in a competitive market. As a rule, SIE employs researchers who do not have the competencies of a manager. Accordingly, they also have no experience in promoting innovations. To solve this problem, it is necessary to raise the level of managers in the SIP, who will be able to effectively manage both the SIP itself and the implementation of developments.

All identified problems can be conditionally divided into those that can be solved by improving the activities of SIE, and those that depend on the external environment. Let us consider the impact of each problem on innovation activity and IIP as a whole (Table 4).

Each of the identified problems can have an impact on both existing and newly created SIEs, respectively, any enterprise seeks to prevent the occurrence of these problems and avoid negative development factors. Influence external factors can only be minimized by constantly monitoring the external environment and making timely decisions in the management of SIE.

To prevent the occurrence of these problems, the state is taking a number of measures. To improve the financing system, the system for setting the priorities of scientific and technological development is being modernized, in particular, the National 53

ECONOMIC SCIENCE_

Economy and management in branches and fields of actmty

Table 3. Comparison of critical technologies, priority areas in the sciences of the Russian Federation and the main activities of SIE

List of critical technologies in the Russian Federation Priority areas for the development of science, technology and engineering in the Russian Federation Main areas of activity of Russian SIE

1 Basic and critical military and industrial technologies 2 Basic technologies of power electrical engineering. 3 Biocatalytic, biosynthetic and biosensor technologies. 4 Biomedical and veterinary technologies. 5 Genomic, proteomic and postgenomic technologies. 6 Cell technologies. 7 Computer modeling of nanomaterials, nano-devices and nanotechnologies. 8 Nano-, bioinformatics, cognitive technologies. 9 Technology nuclear energy, nuclear fuel cycle. 10 Bioengineering technologies. 11 Diagnostic technologies for nanomaterials and nanodevices. 12 Access technologies for broadband multimedia services. 13 Technologies of information, control, navigation systems. 14 Technologies of nanodevices and microsystem technology. 15 New and renewable energy technologies, including hydrogen energy. 1 Security and counter-terrorism. 2 Industry of nanosystems. 3 Information and telecommunication systems. 4 Life Sciences. 5 Promising types of weapons, military and special equipment. 6 Rational nature management. 7 Transport and space systems. 8 Energy efficiency, energy saving, nuclear power. 1 Technologies in mechanical engineering, chemistry, robotics, physics. 2 Social sphere and services. 3 Agriculture. 4 Information technology. 5 Medicine and biology. 6 Geo direction.

Table 4. Impact of development issues on SIP activities

Existing problems Impact on SIP activities

Problems internal environment

Decrease in authorized capital of registered SIEs Recently, most new SIEs have a low amount of authorized capital. As a rule, these are underfunded micro-enterprises that are doomed to cease operations. Thus, there is an increase in formally registered SIEs, and innovation activity does not increase as a result.

Problems with the commercial justification of IP, corresponding to the profile of the enterprise's activity, for a contribution to the authorized capital of SIE This reduces the possibility of developing activities in those areas where SIE activity is possible, and, accordingly, the volume of commercialized developments.

Personnel shortage of SIE due to low level of qualification of young specialists Lack of qualified personnel leads to inefficient scientific activity, decrease in the effectiveness of market promotion of innovations.

Lack of commercially attractive intellectual property May lead to the creation of SIE, the market prospects for the formation and development of which are extremely doubtful.

Inconsistency of SIE activities with the list of critical technologies and priority areas of science Important and popular areas of innovation activity in Russia are not implemented through SIE and the developments necessary for the state are not commercialized.

Lack of experience in innovation marketing and practice in a competitive market In the course of SIE's activities, an innovative product is developed, but its implementation on the market is not carried out, which leads to losses and bankruptcy.

Problems of the influence of the external environment

Problems associated with registration of rights to the results of intellectual activity (patents for inventions, know-how, etc.) persons - employees.

Lack of sufficient investment It is known that without sufficient investment it is impossible to implement the existing innovations and developments in the SIE.

Imperfection of normative legal acts Due to the frequent changes in the regulatory legal framework, SIEs are under threat associated with the impossibility of implementing their business plans prepared for other conditions.

Lack of innovative infrastructure in higher education institutions The existing developments cannot be implemented due to the lack of conditions to support their commercialization, especially at the beginning of activities.

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logical initiative. In accordance with the newly defined priority areas it is necessary to reorganize the system of formation of Federal targeted programs, including federal targeted scientific and technical programs. Optimal, in our opinion, is financing with the involvement of funds from extrabudgetary sources and regions.

Conditions are being created for the growth of competitive advantages of small enterprises to stimulate the development of the entire innovation sphere. Fiscal incentives and supportive measures can create competitive advantages.

To eliminate the personnel problem, the level of training of qualified managers of innovative projects is increasing, but, as a rule, this takes a lot of time and high costs. Also a problem

Economics and management in industries and fields of activity

lack of knowledge and experience help solve business incubators. An incentive system aimed at increasing interest in innovative business can cope with the low motivation of researchers.

For the purpose of anti-crisis financial mechanisms, new venture financing programs are being developed in many regions.

In our opinion, the key to the success of SIE is the successful management of innovations in the enterprise itself using all the means of modern management science. You can influence the problems that arise within the activities of the SIE. At the same time, such problems as a shortage of personnel and lack of experience in marketing innovations and practices in a competitive market can be interrelated, and the solution of one of them will lead to the solution of the other.

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The number of small innovative enterprises thousand The number of small innovative enterprises in St. Petersburg State University is growing

LLC "Innovation Center for Transport Research"

OOO "Geological Center of St. Petersburg State University"

SIP "Center for Information Technologies of St. Petersburg State University"

Center for Information and Diagnostic Systems LLC

LLC "Center for Organizational Innovations of St. Petersburg State University"

There are five more SIEs in the registration stage:

annotation scientific article on economics and business, author of scientific work - Asadullin Midhat Nailievich

Related Topics scientific works on economics and business, author of scientific work - Asadullin Midkhat Nailievich

The text of the scientific work on the topic "The state and problems of development of small innovative enterprises in Russia"

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