Introduction

1.4 Stock details

1.5.1 Subsoil protection

Section 2 Mining

2.4.1 Stripping

2.4.2 Mining operations

2.4.3 Dumping

2.5 Auxiliary quarry farm

2.5.1 Drainage and drainage

2.5.2 Repair and maintenance of quarry roads

2.5.3 Repair service

2.5.4 Industrial premises

Section 3. Mining Schedules

3.1 Mode of operation and productivity of the quarry

3.2 Calendar plan mining operations

3.3 Reserve preparation and depletion plan

3.4 Stripping schedule

3.5 Dumping

3.6 Performance of the main mining equipment

Section 4. Drilling and blasting

Section 5. Mining and technical reclamation

Section 6. Power supply

Section 7. Quarry transport

7.1 General information and initial data

7.2 Calculation of the performance of vehicles and the need for it

7.3 Quarry roads

Section 8. Mining technical reclamation

Section 9 Repair Service

Section 10. Calculation of the mineral extraction tax

Section 10. Measures for labor protection, safety and industrial sanitation

Section 12. Production control for compliance with requirements industrial safety at the enterprise

List of drawings of the main set

No. p / p Name Sheet No. 1. Position of mine workings as of 01.11.07, M1: 200012. Overburden and dumping schedule, M1: 2000. 23. Mining schedule, M1: 200034. Engineering-geological section along the I-I line, M in 1:500, M in 1: 100045. Consolidated mining plan, M1: 200056. Plan of engineering structures, M1: 2000 67. Longitudinal profile of the road, M G 1: 2000, M in 1: 50078. Schematic single-line diagram of the power supply of a quarry89. Passport for the production of mining operations in the mountains. +33 m by excavator E-2503910. Passport for the production of mining operations in the mountains. +29 m by excavator E-25031011. Passport for the production of stripping works by excavator E-25031112. Passport for the production of overburden operations by a bulldozer DZ-171.1-05 1213. Passport for the operation of a bulldozer DZ-171.1-05 on a dump of overburden. 1314. Passport for the production of dumping operations with a bulldozer DZ-171.1-0514

Introduction

Plan pilot development for 2008 for the extraction of limestones of the Chapaevskoye deposit (the "unfinished" southern part of the Southern section), for RosShchebStroy LLC, drawn up on the basis of agreement No. 328/07 and terms of reference, agreed in the Department for Technological and environmental supervision Rostekhnadzor for the Saratov region.

LLC "RosShchebStroy" is developing the unfinished part of the Southern section of the Chapaevsky limestone deposit, located in the Ershovsky district of the Saratov region.

On the north side there is a quarry of the Chapaevsky crushed stone plant (Alliance-Nedra LLC). On the north-western side there are areas worked out and partially reclaimed by JSC "Ershovsky stone quarry" (at the moment - LLC "SPK "Stroydetal").

License for the right to use subsoil SRT-90101-TE dated 04.10.2007, valid until 05.10.2015.

Based on the recalculation of the balance reserves of the Southern section of the Chapaevskoye deposit of carbonate rocks, performed by Nerudproekt LLC in 2007, by the protocol of the TEKZ of the protection committee environment and Natural Resource Management of the Saratov Region No. 27 dated September 25, 2007 approved "undeveloped" reserves in the southern part of the Southern section, in the amount of 828.0 thousand cubic meters. m, categories A, B, C1

The subsoil plot has the status of a mining allotment.

The right to use the land plot was received from the administration of the Ershovsky municipal district of the Saratov region, letter No. 1429 dated 08.08.2007.

The working project for the development of the field is under development.

deposit mining rock

The E-2503 excavator (straight shovel) is involved in mining operations. At overburden works - bulldozer DZ-171.1 - 05

For the transportation of rock mass, overburden, DSZ waste - dump trucks KrAZ-256.

Planned losses in 2008 - 0.8% (0.96 thousand m 3).

Productivity, according to the terms of reference, 120 thousand m 3in a dense body without taking into account losses, 120.96 thousand m 3taking into account losses.

Reclamation works are not planned for 2008.

Section 1. Geological and industrial characteristics of the deposit

1.1 Geological characteristics of the area

The deposit area is a wide, slightly hilly plain that forms a vast watershed between the basins of the Bolshoi Irgiz and Bolshoi Uzen rivers. The general slope of the terrain is to the northwest.

The hydrographic network is represented by the Big Irgiz rivers with tributaries and the Big Uzen and Small Uzen rivers. The river valleys in the area are well developed. In them, in addition to modern floodplain terraces, there are three - four above-floodplain terraces.

The climate of the region is sharply continental, with cold stable winters and hot summers. The mean annual temperature is 4 0WITH.

The amount of atmospheric precipitation in the warm period averages 350 mm, and in the cold period - 102-122 mm, the depth of soil freezing is 0.5-1.5 m. East and southeast winds prevail.

The useful stratum at the work site is represented by carbonate rocks of the Orenburg stage of the Upper Carboniferous.

The bulk of the explored limestones are of a light gray variety.

Dark gray and gray limestones are of subordinate importance. Limestones are fissured, the most fissured are the upper layers of limestones up to a depth of 5 m.

At a depth of 5-10 meters, fracturing is much less pronounced. The fractures are mostly developed along the bedding. Vertical cracks are much less common. By appearance, as well as on the basis of physical and mechanical properties and chemical analyses, the limestones of this deposit are divided into two packs.

The rocks of the upper first unit are represented by dolomitic limestones, finely crystalline, light gray and gray, in places with yellowish, bluish and violet hues. The thickness of the limestones of the first unit ranges from 5.35 m to 8.6 m, on average 6.97 m.

The second unit is separated from the first one by sandy-clayey material with limestone crushed stone. The rocks of the second unit are represented by limestones and weakly dolomitized light gray limestones. The thickness of limestones of the second unit ranges from 5.0 m to 11.65 m, 8.17 m on average.

In the thickness of limestones, karst manifestations are observed in the form of small cavities filled with blocks of leached limestones, crushed stone, fine-grained sands and calcareous clay mass.

Average geological section for the field (from top to bottom):

- soil-vegetative layer and brownish-yellow loam with a thickness of 1.2-1.5 m;

- dolomitic limestones of gray, light gray color, in places with yellowish, pink hues, 0.53-6.6 m thick;

- a layer of sandy-clay material with crushed limestone, 0.8-5.3 m thick;

- light gray limestone, rarely dark in color, slightly dolomitic, occasionally fissured, 0.65-11.35 m thick.

1.2 Hydrogeological conditions of the deposit

According to hydrogeological exploration data, two aquifers have been established at the field, which have a major impact on development. These aquifers are confined to the Neogene and Carboniferous deposits. In the Neogene deposits, groundwater is confined to sandy-argillaceous rocks and, due to the insignificant distribution of the latter in the area of ​​the deposit, is not of significant importance during development.

An aquifer of great thickness is confined to the limestone thickness, the water of which circulates through cracks and karst cavities. The horizon is fed by infiltration of atmospheric precipitation and by the backwater of deep pressure waters. This aquifer is found almost everywhere, the horizon occurrence marks, depending on the terrain, range from 28.34 m to 29.34 m, averaging 28.5 m. For calculating reserves, a mark of +29.0 m was taken.

1.3 Qualitative characteristics of a mineral

Physical and mechanical tests carried out during production

exploration works, show a high quality characteristic of limestones: they are suitable for use on crushed stone, rubble stone.

The main working properties that characterize limestone are mechanical strength, frost resistance, bulk density, porosity and water absorption. All these properties depend to a certain extent on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the rock, on its structure, fracturing, and also on the degree of rock weathering.

According to the results laboratory tests, the main mass of limestone meets the requirements of GOST 8287-93 in terms of strength.

Deposits of the Upper Carboniferous are represented by heavily dolomitized limestones of light gray, yellow-gray, grayish-yellow color, dense, medium strength and strong, weakly fractured, in areas along the cracks - slightly ferruginated.

These deposits make up the useful thickness of the deposit.

According to exploration data, the productive stratum of the entire explored area is characterized by the following qualities of limestone: limestone with a strength of more than 1000 kg/cm 2, alternate with limestones with a strength of 331-800 kg / cm 2.

In the lower part of the productive stratum (in the range of elevations of 30.5-33.5 m), limestones of grade "800" and higher are traced, suitable for concrete of grade "500".

Limestone reserves are approved for the production of crushed stone as a filler in ordinary and heavy concrete of a grade not lower than "200", and for the production of a ballast layer for railways and highways.

Table 1. Chemical composition carbonate rocks.

No. p / p Name Contents 1. CaO from 29.56 to 48.98%2. МgО from 14.92 to 21.57%3. CaCO 3from 53.05 to 87.41% 4. MgCO 3from 10.51 to 45.81% 5.SiO 2+AL 2O 3from 0.3 to 4.88%

Table 2. Physical and mechanical parameters.

No. p / p Name Contents 1. Frost resistanceMRZ 502. Volumetric weight of the rock mass in a dense body 2.45 t/m 33. Water absorption4.3-9.5%4. Porosity 3.0-18.7%5. Loosening factor 1.456. Category of breeds VIII7. Volumetric weight of crushed stone1.32 t/m 38. Strength 200-2750kg/cm 39. Crushability of crushed stone "DR-16" 10. The yield of crushed stone from the rock mass is 0.711. The content of lamellar, acicular grains,% 11-19

1.3.1 Radiation hygiene assessment

According to the result of well logging, the radioactivity of the sands does not exceed 14 μR/h, which makes it possible to attribute the raw material to class 1 building materials according to NBR-76, which can be used without restrictions.

1.4 Stock details

In 2007, LLC "Nerudproekt" performed a recalculation of the reserves of the Southern block of the Chapaevskoye field for blocks A-1, B-2. With 1-3 in the licensed areas of enterprises - subsoil users, as well as in the areas of "undistributed" (north-eastern part) and "undeveloped (southern part) reserves.

Minutes of the TEKZ of the Committee for Environmental Protection and Nature Management of the Saratov Region No. 27 dated September 25, 2007 approved "undeveloped" reserves in the southern part of the Southern block, in the amount 828.0 thousand m3 , by categories "A + B + C1", including by categories: " A" - 158.5 thousand m3 , "B" - 87.0 thousand m3 , "WITH1 "- 582.5 thousand m3 .

According to Appendix 1 to the license of the SRT series No. 90101 TE, "Unfinished reserves in the southern part of the site in categories A + B + C" are put on the balance sheet of RosShchebStroy LLC 1in the amount of 828 thousand m3 , including by category: " A" - 158.5 thousand m3 , "B" - 87.0 thousand m3 , "WITH1 "- 582.5 thousand m3 .

1.4.1 Industrial reserves and losses of minerals in 2008

In 2008, it is planned to produce limestone in the amount of 120.0 thousand m 3.

Class I losses - general career losses, none.

Class II losses - operational losses:

group 1- there are no losses in the massif (in the sides, in the sole, in places of wedging out and complex configuration of the deposit).

group 2- losses separated from the array of minerals (when excavated together with host rocks, during transportation, during drilling and blasting):

-during transportation - 0.3% (ONTP 18-85, table 2.13):

Vtr. = 120.0 * 0.003 = 0.36 thousand m 3

-during drilling and blasting 0.5% (ONTP 18-85, table 2.13):

Vbvr \u003d 120.0 * 0.005 \u003d 0.6 thousand m 3

Total career losses in 2008 will be:

V common \u003d 0.6 + 0.36 \u003d 0.96 thousand m 3 (0,8 %).

Balance reserves to be redeemed will be:

thousand m 3+0.96 thousand m 3=120.96 thousand m 3

Indicators of completeness of extraction and losses of mineral raw materials in 2008

Table 3

IndicatorsPlannedBalance reserves to be redeemed, thousand m 3120,96Losses, total % 0.8Recovery of reserves from the subsoil, %99.2Recovery (production), thousand m 3120General losses of mineral raw materials, Total (thousand m 3): 0,96including by groups: General career losses class 1-Operational losses class 2, TOTAL, (thousand m 3) of which: 0.96 1) losses in the array (total) - - in the sides; 2) losses of minerals separated from the array (total): - during excavation with overburden - - during transportation, in places of loading and unloading 0.36 - during blasting 0.6

1.5 Protection of the subsoil and the natural environment from the harmful effects of mining

1.5.1 Subsoil protection

When developing a quarry, it is necessary to be guided by a license for the right to use subsoil, geological documentation, a protocol for approving reserves in the TEKZ (TKZ), a project for the development and reclamation of the deposit, as well as the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

Ø Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil" as amended and supplemented No. 27-FZ of 03.03.95, No. 20-FZ of 02.01.2000, No. 52-FZ of 14.05.01, No. 49-FZ of 15.04. 06, No. 173-FZ of 10/25/06;

Ø "Rules for the protection of subsoil" (PB 07-601-03), approved. Resolution of Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia No. 71 dated 06/06/2003;

Ø Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous production facilities"No. 116-FZ of 07/21/99, with additions and changes No. 45-FZ of 05/09/2005;

Ø "Industry instructions for determining and accounting for losses of non-metallic building materials during mining", VNIINErud, 1974;

Ø "Instructions for mine surveying accounting for the volume of mining operations in the extraction of minerals open way", approved by the resolution of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated 06/06/2003 No. 74.

When developing a deposit, the subsoil user is obliged to ensure:

compliance with the requirements of the law, as well as duly approved standards (norms, rules) for the technology of conducting work related to the use of subsoil, and during the primary processing of mineral raw materials;

-compliance technical projects, plans and schemes for the development of mining operations, the prevention of excess losses, impoverishment and selective mining of minerals;

-maintenance of geological, mine surveying and other documentation in the process of all types of subsoil use and its safety;

-submission of geological information to the Federal and relevant territorial funds of geological information;

-bringing plots of land and other natural objects disturbed during the use of subsoil to a condition suitable for their further use;

-carrying out advanced geological study of the subsoil, providing a reliable assessment of mineral reserves or properties of the subsoil plot provided for use;

-ensuring the most complete extraction from the subsoil of the reserves of the main and, together with them, occurring minerals;

-reliable accounting of the reserves of the main and, together with them, occurring minerals that are extracted and left in the bowels;

-protection of mineral deposits from flooding;

-flooding, fires and other factors that reduce the quality of minerals and the industrial value of deposits or complicate their development;

-prevention of unauthorized development of mineral deposits and compliance with the established procedure for using these areas for other purposes;

-prevention of accumulation of industrial and household waste in the field development area.

In 2008, measures to protect the subsoil provide for strict observance by the mine surveying service and technical supervision of the open pit of the parameters of the system and technology for developing the deposit, the implementation of measures to protect the environment from the harmful effects of mining.

To protect the atmospheric basin, during the dry season, irrigate open-pit roads.

Prohibit the discharge of used oils in the territory of the quarry, prevent garbage dumps in the territory of the mining and land allotment of the enterprise.

After the reclamation of the areas (filling of the fertile layer), the restored areas are sown with grasses and handed over according to the act in the prescribed manner.

1.5.2 Environmental protection

The earth, the bowels of the earth, water, flora and fauna, as elements of the natural environment, are the property of the whole people.

All enterprises, organizations and institutions are obliged to strictly observe the rules of nature protection, prevent pollution or destruction of elements of the natural environment, introduce into production more modern technologies, machines, materials, the use of which reduces pollution, noise, vibration, etc.

In case of violation of the requirements of environmental legislation, the persons guilty of the damage caused bear administrative, material and criminal liability.

Damage caused to nature is compensated by organizations or separately by citizens.

Officials are subject to a fine imposed administratively for damage to agricultural and other lands, pollution with industrial waste, mismanagement of land, failure to comply with mandatory measures to improve land and protect soil from wind, water erosion and other processes that worsen the condition soils, untimely return of occupied lands and other violations.

Reduction of environmental pollution by dust during loading and unloading operations should be carried out by reducing the height of loading and unloading, the use of irrigation.

When carrying out overburden and mining operations on the roads, dedusting should be carried out (using a watering machine).

Overburden rocks must be located in the areas provided for by the development project (separately - PRS and other rocks).

To prevent water and wind erosion, the surface of long-term overburden dumps should be sown with grasses. During the operation of mechanisms and vehicles, pollution levels should not exceed the established maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances for air, water, soil, as well as sanitary standards and safety requirements during work.

Minimal pollution of the atmosphere with exhaust gases is achieved due to the timely adjustment of the fuel supply and injection system (at least once a quarter).

When operating mechanisms, it is necessary to monitor compliance with the permissible noise level.

Refueling of vehicles, tractors with fuel and oils should be carried out at stationary filling stations. Refueling of machines with limited mobility (excavators, etc.) is carried out by tankers. Filling in all cases must be carried out only with the help of hoses with locks at the outlet. Application for filling buckets, etc. open dishes not allowed. The collection of used and replaced oils should be organized at the quarry. Draining onto the soil cover or the bottom of the quarry is prohibited.

At the quarry, the established MPE must be observed, taking into account the maximum permissible concentrations (MAC).

MPE measurements should be made twice a year.

1.6. Geological Surveying Service

In accordance with Article 24 of the Law Russian Federation"On Subsoil" one of the main requirements for ensuring the safe conduct of work related to the use of subsoil is to conduct a complex of geological, mine surveying and other observations sufficient to ensure a normal technological cycle of work and predict hazardous situations, timely identification and drawing on mining plans of hazardous zones. In accordance with Article 22 of the said Law, the subsoil user is obliged to ensure the maintenance of geological, surveying and other documentation in the process of all types of subsoil use and its safety.

In accordance with paragraph 40 of article 17 federal law No. 128-FZ of August 8, 2001 "On licensing certain types activities" the production of surveying work is carried out on the basis of a license. Licensing is carried out by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (hereinafter referred to as Rostekhnadzor) in accordance with the "Regulations on the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision" (clause 5.3.2.15 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 30, 2004 No. 401)

Mine surveying maintenance of a quarry is carried out in accordance with the "Regulations on geological and mine surveying ensuring industrial safety and protection of subsoil" RD-07-408-01, approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia No. 18 of 05/22/2001; Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil" No. 27-FZ dated 03.03.1995; "On the introduction of amendments and additions to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil" with amendments and additions dated 02.01.2000 No. 20-FZ, dated 10.25.2006 No. 173-FZ; Federal Law dated 02.07.1997 No. 116 - Federal Law "On the industrial safety of HIFs" with amendments and additions No. 122-FZ dated 08.22.2004, No. 45-FZ dated 05.09.2005; .2003, "Instructions for mine surveying accounting of the volumes of mining operations in the extraction of minerals in an open way", approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia No. 74 dated 06.06.2003

1.The activity of the surveying service is determined by the regulation on the surveying service, approved and agreed upon by the organization in the prescribed manner.

The mine surveying service carries out:

production of surveys of mine workings and the earth's surface;

preparation and completion of mine surveying documentation;

accounting and justification of mining volumes;

transfer to nature geometric elements projects of mine workings, construction of buildings and structures, boundaries of safe mining operations, barrier and safety pillars, boundaries of a mining allotment;

periodic monitoring of compliance with the established ratios of the geometric elements of buildings, structures and mine workings during development;

organizing and conducting instrumental observations of the stability of ledges, quarry walls and dumps;

control over the fulfillment at the quarry of the requirements contained in the projects and plans for the development of mining operations for the rational use and protection of subsoil, for the timeliness and effectiveness of the implementation of measures that provide measures for the protection of mining, buildings, structures and natural objects from the impact of work related to the use of subsoil, safety for the life and health of workers and the public;

acceptance of surveying and topographic and geodetic works performed by contractors, a technical report on the work performed and materials (original plans, measurement logs, calculation sheets, catalogs of coordinates and heights).

When using the subsoil, a book of surveying instructions is kept, in which the employees of the surveying service record the identified deviations from project documentation mining operations and the necessary warnings on matters within their competence.

In order to ensure the protection of subsoil and the safety of work related to the use of subsoil, surveying instructions are executed officials to which they are addressed.

Surveying works are carried out in compliance with the established requirements for the safe production of mining operations.

In the production of surveying work, the completeness and accuracy of measurements and calculations is ensured, sufficient for rational use and protection of mineral resources, safe conduct of mining operations.

The maintenance of mining graphic documentation, both for the objects of surveying the earth's surface, and for mine workings within a separate deposit is carried out in unified system coordinates and heights.

A certain list of mine surveying works is carried out under a separate agreement by a specialized enterprise LLC "Nerudproekt", which operates on the basis of a license for the production of mine surveying works No. 58-PM-000248 (O) dated March 27, 2003.

The scope of work includes:

development of the existing mine surveying network (if necessary) and the creation of the required number of fairly accurately defined points of the survey justification of the quarry, the points of the mine surveying reference network are fixed with special benchmarks (centers);

determination of points in the survey networks relative to the nearest points of the surveying reference network is carried out with an error not exceeding 0.4 mm on the plan in the accepted survey scale and 0.2 m in height;

the filming network at the quarry is fixed by long-term preservation centers and temporary use centers;

the planned position of the points of the survey network of the quarry is determined by geodetic serifs, the laying of theodolite passages, the joint laying of passages and the polar method, using the surveying reference network as the starting points, the heights of the points are determined by technical and trigonometric leveling.

When creating networks, LLC "Nerudproekt" uses an electronic total station Sokkia Set 600, which provides the required accuracy of measurements.

The processing of mine surveying measurements and the preparation of graphic documentation is carried out using computer technology.

All types of mine surveying work are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the "Instructions for the production of mine surveying work" RD 07-603-03 (section I, II, III and p. 385-416, 428-434).

1.7 Operational intelligence

Operational exploration is not planned for 2008.

Section 2 Mining

2.1 Main directions of development of mining operations in 2008

In 2008, it is planned to develop the southern part of the site along the boundary of reserves calculation.

The overburden thickness is 5 m on average.

The height of the mining bench does not exceed 12.0 m, the base elevation is +29.0 m (to the lower technical boundary of the field development, which is 1 m higher than the average groundwater level).

2.2 Opening and preparation for exploitation of new horizons

The deposit was discovered by a permanent internal entry trench. The development of useful strata is carried out by one production horizon.

The opening of new horizons in 2008 is not planned.

2.3 Development system and its parameters

The plan for the pilot development of the quarry adopted a continuous, transport system of development with a single-side front for overburden and mining operations, with internal dumping. This system provides the safest and most economical extraction of minerals. Mining extraction method is continuous.

The mineral is represented by limestone, the bulk density of which is 2.5 t/m 3. Rock hardness coefficient according to M.M. Protodyakonov - VI, fracture category - III.

According to the difficulty of development, limestones belong to the VI-VII group of rocks according to SNiP - 5-82. The coefficient of loosening is 1.5.

The low thickness of the deposit predetermined the choice of a technological scheme using the most maneuverable mining and transport equipment of cyclic action: an excavator - vehicles, both for overburden and mining operations.

Mineral development is carried out with direct loading by excavator E - 2503, with a bucket capacity of 2.5 m 3in KrAZ-256 dump trucks, after preliminary loosening of limestone by explosion.

Due to the low thickness of the soil-vegetation layer (SRS), the latter is developed by the DZ-171.01-05 bulldozer and assembled into shafts for further use in the restoration of disturbed lands.

The development of overburden rocks is carried out by an E-2503 excavator with loading into KrAZ-256 dump trucks and transportation to an internal dump located in the mined-out space of a quarry.

2.3.1 Development system elements

The development of limestone is carried out by a mining ledge, the height of which does not exceed the height of an excavator digging along the blasted massif (no more than 9.0 m), and the height of the mining ledge on the pillar does not exceed 12.0 m.

The width of the excavator entry is 10.8 m. The slope angle of the mining working ledge is accepted - 80 0, non-working - 75 0. The minimum length of the work front for one excavator is 130.0 m.

The width of the working platform for the excavator is determined by calculation (Appendix No. 2, NTP, 77):

A. For loose and soft rocks with a ledge height of up to 8 m:

W R = A + P P +P about + P b + P about

where: A - the width of the excavator entry E - 2503 (A \u003d 1.5 R h.u.) , 10.8 m (Table 11.1);

P P - width of the roadway for KrAZ-256, 8.0 m (Table 11.2),

P about - shoulder width from the upland side, 1.5 m (Table 11.2);

P b - safety lane width, 1.1 m

P b = H * (ctg φ - ctg a) \u003d 12 * 0.0916 \u003d 1.1 m.

H - the height of the underlying mining ledge, 12 m;

φ , a - angles of stable and working slopes of the underlying ledge, 75 0, 800

P 0- the width of the curb on the lower side, taking into account the arrangement of the tray and the fence, 4.5 m (Table 11.2);

W R \u003d 10.8 + 8.0 + 1.5 + 1.1 + 4.5 \u003d 25.9 m we accept 26 m.

B. For rocks:

Shr \u003d B + Po + Pp + Po 1+ Pb

B - the width of the collapse of the exploded rock, m;

B=A 1+ M \u003d 11.1 + 20.76 \u003d 31.86 m

BUT 1= P b 1+ H (ctg α -ctg γ ) + in (n-1) = 3+12 (ctg 75 0-ctg 80 0) +3.5 (3-1) = 11.1 m

BUT 1- width of the drilling stop, 11.1 m; M - incomplete camber width, 20.76 m; Po - shoulder width from the upland side, 1.5 m; Pp - width of the carriageway, 8.0 m; By 1- shoulder width from the lower side, 4.5 m; Pb - width of the safety strip (collapse prism), 0.4 m at the height of the underlying mining bench H = 4 m

Shr \u003d 31.86 + 1.5 + 8 + 4.5 + 0.4 \u003d 46.26 m (take 47 m)

(Шр = 31.0 m - on the lower horizon)

The minimum width of the working platform for the bulldozer DZ-171.1-05 will be equal to:

W b = L + P b + P in +L cx = 4.12+4.0+2.0 +4.88=15 m

where: L - bulldozer length 4,12 m (passport);

L cx - free running length 4.88 m;

P b - safety lane width, 4.0 m

P b = H * (ctg φ - ctg a) = 8 * (ctg 40 - ctg 55) = 4.0 m

P in - safety shaft width, 2.0 m

Table 4

Development system settings.

Name of indicators rev. Ledges in overburden mining conventional loamy Ledge height 0.28.04 ÷ 12.0 Sole mark-45.029.0 - 33.0 Working platform width 9.026.031.0 - 47.0 Transport berm width 15.014.014.0 Safety berm width 1.51.10 - 0.4 Bench slope angle: deg. - working5580 - stable4075Width of entry for excavators-10.812.0Width of rock collapse after explosions--19.93 - 31.86Slope angle of dump ledge: deg. - working 4545- - stable 3838-Slope angle of the side of the quarry during the redemption of mining hail. --45

2.4 Technology and organization of mining operations

Existing technology and structure integrated mechanization development of the deposit was adopted in accordance with the mining and technical conditions of this deposit.

The scheme of transport communications was chosen taking into account the terrain, in accordance with the mining conditions at the quarry. The exits to the quarry are taken with oncoming traffic of loaded and empty vehicles.

2.4.1 Stripping

The overburden rocks at the deposit are represented by fine-grained clayey sands with interlayers of clays, fine-grained sands and sandy clays, deluvial loams.

Loams are covered with a soil-vegetative layer 0.2 m thick.

The overburden thickness in the developed area ranges from 2.5 to 8.0 m.

According to its physical and mechanical properties, soft overburden belongs to the 2nd category of rocks according to the difficulty of excavation (ENV-79) and to the 1-2nd group of rocks according to SNiP 1V-2-82.

The PRS is raked by a bulldozer DZ-171.1-05 into a shaft in the southern part of the site along the boundary of the reserve calculation.

Subsequently, the soil and vegetation layer will be used for reclamation work.

Sandy-argillaceous overburden is removed by an E-2503 excavator and loaded onto a KrAZ-256 truck with its placement in an internal dump. The average shift volume of excavation and loading operations on overburden is 274 m 3in the whole

The total volume of overburden in 2008 will amount to 82.3 thousand tons. m 3, including PRS - 3.3 thousand m 3.

The displaced overburden rocks on the dumps are planned by the bulldozer DZ-171.1-05.

The oil field has a rather long life cycle. Several decades may pass from the discovery of an oil deposit to the production of the first oil. The whole learning process oil field can be broken down into five main steps.

SEARCH AND EXPLORATION

• 1 Discovery of oil fields

• Oil and gas occur in rocks - reservoirs, as a rule, at a considerable depth
• Seismic studies are carried out to detect oil deposits in the rock mass. Research allows you to get an image of the deep layers of rocks, in which experienced specialists identify potentially productive structures
• To make sure that there is oil in the identified mountain structures, exploration wells are drilled.

• 2 Estimation of oil reserves

When the discovery of a deposit is confirmed, its geological model is built, which is a set of all available data. Special software allows you to visualize this data in a 3D image. A digital geological model of the field is needed to:

• Estimate initial and recoverable oil (and gas) reserves
• Develop optimal design field development (number and location of wells, oil production levels, etc.)

For a better assessment of reserves, appraisal wells are drilled. And drilling exploratory wells helps to clarify the size and structure of the deposit.

At this stage, it is economic evaluation the feasibility of developing the field based on the forecast levels of oil production and the expected costs of its development. If the expected economic performance meets the criteria oil company, then she proceeds to develop it.

OIL AND GAS

• 3 Preparing for the development of the field

For the purpose of optimal development of the oil field, a Development Project is being developed ( Technology system development) and the Field Development Project. The projects include:

• Required number and location of wells
• The best way to develop a field
• Types and cost necessary equipment and facilities
• Oil collection and treatment system
• Environmental measures

The development of drilling technologies and the introduction of directional wells into practice make it possible to arrange the wellheads in the so-called "bushs". On one bush can be located from two to two dozen wells. The cluster arrangement of wells allows to reduce the impact on the environment and optimize the cost of field development.

• 4 Oil and gas

The period for which oil reserves can be extracted is 15 - 30 years, and in some cases it can reach 50 years or more (for giant deposits).

The field development period consists of several stages:

• Growing production stage
• Stabilization of production at the maximum level (plateau)
• Falling prey stage
• Final period

The development of oil production technologies, the implementation of geological and technical measures (GTO), the use of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods can significantly extend the cost-effective period of field development.

• 5 liquidation

After the level of oil production becomes lower than profitable, the development of the field is stopped, and the license is returned to state bodies.

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Ministry Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Faculty of Finance and Economics

Department of Economics and Management

D
discipline: Oil and gas project evaluation

SRS №1

Subject: Plan for the development of the strategically important Kashagan field on the shelf of the Caspian Sea

Performed:

3rd year student "Economy"

Batyrgalieva Zarina

ID: 08BD03185

Checked:

Estekova G.B.

Almaty, 2010

Over the past 30 years, there have been trends in which world GDP is growing at an average of 3.3% per year, while world demand for oil as the main source of hydrocarbons is growing at an average of 1% per year. The lag in hydrocarbon consumption from GDP growth is associated with resource conservation processes, mainly in developed countries. At the same time, the share of developing countries in the production of GDP and in the consumption of hydrocarbons is constantly increasing. In this case, an increasing aggravation of the problems of hydrocarbon supply is expected.

The territorial proximity of such large and dynamically developing countries as Russia and China opens up broad prospects for the export of Kazakh hydrocarbons. To ensure entry into their market, it is necessary to develop and improve the system of main pipelines.

Estimates by international experts show that if current trends continue, all the world's proven oil reserves will last only 40-50 years. The addition of KSCM oil resources to the world's proven reserves is a defining factor in global energy strategies. Kazakhstan should be ready for a flexible combination of strategies for the systematic transfer of oil production to the Caspian Sea and forcing certain promising projects. And one of the most promising projects is the Kashagan field.

Named after a 19th-century Kazakh poet born in the Mangistau region, the Kashagan field is one of the world's largest discoveries in the last 40 years. Refers to the Caspian oil and gas province.

The Kashagan field is located in the Kazakh sector of the Caspian Sea and covers a surface area of ​​approximately 75 x 45 kilometers. The reservoir lies at a depth of about 4,200 meters below the seabed in the northern part of the Caspian Sea.

Kashagan, as a high-amplitude reef uplift in the subsalt Paleozoic complex of the Northern Caspian, was discovered by Soviet geophysicists during 1988-1991 by prospecting seismic work. on the sea continuation of the Karaton-Tengiz uplift zone.

Subsequently, it was confirmed by studies of Western geophysical companies working on behalf of the government of Kazakhstan. The Kashagan, Korogly and Nubar massifs originally identified in its composition in the period 1995-1999. received the names Kashagan East, West and South-West, respectively.

The dimensions of East Kashagan according to the closed isohypse - 5000 m are 40 (10/25) km, area - 930 km², uplift amplitude - 1300 m. km², average oil-saturated thickness - 550 m.

Kashagan West borders on East Kashagan along a submeridional structural ledge, which is possibly associated with tectonic disturbance. The dimensions of the reef uplift along the closed stratoisohypse - 5000 m are 40 * 10 km, the area is 490 km², the amplitude is 900 m. , the average oil-saturated thickness is 350 m.

Southwestern Kashagan is located somewhat away (to the south) from the main massif. The uplift along the closed stratoisohypse - 5400 m has dimensions of 97 km, area - 47 km², amplitude - 500 m.

Oil reserves of Kashagan fluctuate within a wide range of 1.5 - 10.5 billion tons. Of these, from 1.1 to 8 billion tons fall on the Eastern, up to 2.5 billion tons on the Western and 150 million tons on the South-West.

The geological reserves of Kashagan are estimated at 4.8 billion tons of oil, according to Kazakh geologists.

According to the project operator, total oil reserves are 38 billion barrels or 6 billion tons, of which about 10 billion barrels are recoverable. Kashagan has large natural gas reserves of more than 1 trillion cubic meters. cube meters.

Partner companies in the Kashagan project: Eni, KMG Kashagan B.V. (a subsidiary of Kazmunaigas), Total, ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell each have a 16.81% stake, ConocoPhillips - 8.4%, Inpex - 7.56%.

Appointed as the project operator in 2001 by partners: Eni, and created the Agip KCO company. The project participants are working on the creation of a joint operating company North Caspian Operating Company (NCOC), which will replace AgipKCO and a number of agent companies as a single operator.

The Kazakh government and the international consortium for the development of the North Caspian project (including the Kashagan field) have agreed to postpone the start of oil production from 2011 to the end of 2012.

Oil production at Kashagan should be up to 50 million tons per year by the end of the next decade. Oil production at Kashagan, according to ENI, in 2019 should reach 75 million tons per year. With Kashagan, Kazakhstan will enter the Top 5 of the world's oil producers.

In order to increase oil recovery and reduce H3S content, the consortium is preparing to use several onshore and offshore installations in Karabatan to inject natural gas into the reservoir, an oil pipeline and a gas pipeline with Karabatan will be built.

The development of the Kashagan field in the harsh offshore conditions of the North Caspian presents a unique combination of technological and supply chain challenges. These complexities are associated with ensuring production safety, solving engineering, logistical and environmental problems, which makes this project one of the largest and most complex industry projects in the world.

The field is characterized by high reservoir pressure up to 850 atmospheres. Oil of high quality -46 ° API, but with a high GOR, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan content.

Kashagan was announced in the summer of 2000 following the drilling of the first well, Vostok-1 (Vostochny Kashagan-1). Its daily flow rate was 600 m³ of oil and 200 thousand m³ of gas. The second well (West-1) was drilled at Western Kashagan in May 2001, 40 km from the first one. It showed a daily flow rate of 540 m3 of oil and 215 thousand m3 of gas.

For the development and evaluation of Kashagan, 2 artificial islands were built, 6 exploration and 6 appraisal wells were drilled (Vostok-1, Vostok-2, Vostok-3, Vostok-4, Vostok-5, Zapad-1.

Due to shallow water and cold winters in the Northern Caspian, the use of traditional drilling and production technologies, such as reinforced concrete structures or jack-up platforms installed on the seabed, is not possible.

To provide protection from harsh winter conditions and ice shifts, offshore structures are installed on artificial islands. Two types of islands are envisaged: small "drilling" islands without personnel and large "islands with technological complexes" (ETC) with service personnel.

Hydrocarbons will be pumped through pipelines from the drilling islands to the ETC. The ETC islands will host process units for extracting the liquid phase (oil and water) from raw gas, gas injection units and energy systems.

In Stage I, approximately half of all gas produced will be injected back into the reservoir. The extracted fluids and sour gas will be pipelined ashore to the Bolashak OPF in the Atyrau region, where it is planned to treat the oil to commercial quality. Some volumes of gas will be sent back to the offshore complex for use in power generation, while some of the gas will meet similar needs of the onshore complex.

There are a number of technical difficulties in the development strategy of Kashagan:

The Kashagan reservoir lies at a depth of about 4,200 meters below the seabed and has a high pressure (initial reservoir pressure 770 bar). The collector is characterized by an increased content of sour gas.


The low level of mineralization caused by the influx of fresh water from the Volga, combined with shallow water and winter temperatures down to -30C, causes the Northern Caspian to be covered with ice for about five months of the year. Ice shifts and the formation of furrows from the movement of ice on the seabed are serious restrictions on construction work.

The Northern Caspian is a very sensitive ecological zone and habitat for a variety of flora and fauna, including some rare species. NCOC considers environmental responsibility a top priority. We work relentlessly and diligently to prevent and minimize any environmental impacts that may arise from our operations.

The North Caspian region is an area where the supply of equipment important for the project is associated with certain difficulties. Logistical difficulties are exacerbated by access restrictions on water transport routes, such as the Volga-Don Canal and the Baltic Sea-Volga water transport system, which, due to thick ice cover, are open for navigation for about six months a year.

I would like to note the export strategy of this project. The existing plan for the export of post-commissioning products involves the use of existing pipeline systems and railroads.

The western route of the CPC pipeline (pipeline from Atyrau to Novorossiysk along the Black Sea coast), the northern route from Atyrau to Samara (connection to Russian system Transneft) and the eastern route (Atyrau to Alashankou) provide a connection to existing export transportation systems.

A possible southeast route depends on the development of the Kazakhstan Caspian Transportation System (KCTS), which could transport oil from Eskene West, where the Bolashak plant is located, to the new Kuryk terminal. The oil can then be transported by tanker to new terminal near Baku, where it would be injected into the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline system or other pipelines to reach international markets.
All possible export routes are currently being explored.

This project takes into account safety and environmental protection. Since the formation of the first consortium in 1993, many environmental protection programs have been developed and implemented during the onshore and offshore oilfield operations. For example, Agip KCO attracted local companies to perform an environmental impact assessment (EIA) of its activities, including the construction of onshore and offshore facilities, main pipelines and onshore export pipelines. A program was initiated to finance scientific research in the field of biological diversity of the Caspian region. Twenty air quality monitoring stations were built in the Atyrau region. Soil research and monitoring of the state of the population of birds and seals are carried out annually. In 2008, a map of ecologically sensitive areas of the North Caspian region was published, which was created, among other things, on the basis of data collected by the consortium.

There are also problems with the disposal of sulfur. The Kashagan field contains about 52 trillion cubic feet of associated gas, most of which will be reinjected into the reservoir at offshore facilities to increase the oil recovery factor. In Stage 1 (Pilot Development), not all associated gas will be re-injected into the reservoir at offshore facilities. Part of it will be sent to an onshore complex oil and gas treatment plant, where the gas will be desulfurized, which will then be used as fuel gas to generate electricity for onshore and offshore operations, while part of it will be sold on the market as commercial gas. gas. Stage 1 is expected to produce an average of 1.1 million tonnes of sulfur per year from sour gas treatment.
While the consortium plans to sell all of the sulfur produced, it may be necessary to temporarily store the sulfur. Sulfur produced at the Bolashak plant will be stored under closed conditions, isolated from the environment. Liquid sulfur will be poured into sealed containers equipped with sensors. The sulfur will be converted to pastelled form prior to sale, thus avoiding the formation of sulfur dust during crushing.

In addition to a responsible approach to the conduct of production operations, program participants assume social and environmental obligations, the implementation of which will benefit the citizens of Kazakhstan in the long term. Fulfilling these obligations requires close cooperation with government and local authorities authorities, with the local community and initiative groups

Between 2006 and 2009 more than US$5.3 billion was spent on local goods and services. In 2009, local goods and services accounted for 35% of the company's total expenses.

In 2009, during the peak construction period for the Pilot Development Phase, more than 40,000 people were employed on the project in Kazakhstan. More than 80% of the workers were citizens of Kazakhstan - an exceptional figure for projects of this magnitude.

Infrastructure and social projects are important components of NCOC's corporate and social responsibility. According to the SRPSK, a significant part of the investment in the development of the field goes to the construction of social infrastructure facilities in the field of education, healthcare, sports and culture. Funds are evenly distributed between Atyrau and Mangystau regions, where production operations are carried out under the SRPSK.

Since 1998, 126 projects have been implemented in close cooperation with local authorities, 60 projects in the Atyrau region and 66 in the Mangistau region. A total of US$78 million was spent in Atyrau Oblast and US$113 million in Mangistau Oblast.

In addition, under the 2009 Sponsorship and Philanthropy Program, NCOC and Agip KCO supported more than 100 cultural, health, education and sports initiatives. Among them are advanced training of doctors and teachers, seminars on intercultural education and environmental awareness in schools, inviting leading Russian surgeons to operate on Atyrau children, purchasing musical instruments for the Aktau school, and purchasing medical equipment and ambulances for the hospital in Tupkaragan.

An important role is played by the protection of health and labor. The participants of this project will carry out systematic risk management in order to continuously improve the system of health, safety and environment and reach the level of world leaders in this indicator. All this is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the North Caspian Production Sharing Agreement, Kazakh and international legislation, existing industry standards and corporate directives.

All participants of the SRPSK undertake:

Carry out their activities, ensuring the protection of the health and safety of all employees directly or indirectly involved in these activities, the environment in which their production operations are carried out, as well as company assets.

Manage the activities of the consortium and the risks associated with it in accordance with the requirements of the North Caspian Production Sharing Agreement, Kazakhstani and international legislation and apply the best of existing industry standards in those matters that cannot be regulated by laws and regulations.

Promote the implementation of HSE principles in the company culture, where all employees and service providers will be jointly responsible for the implementation of these principles, and lead by example.

Develop systems that allow for a systematic assessment of risks in the field of HSE at all stages of the company's activities and to effectively control these risks.

Develop, conduct certification of the HSE management system and constantly inform the Agent companies, the Authorized Body, all interested parties about the state of affairs in the field of HSE in order to continuously improve.

Select business partners based on their ability to meet their HSE obligations.

Implement systems and procedures to respond promptly and effectively to unplanned and unwanted events and regularly review them.

Raise the level of awareness of the personal responsibility of all employees of the company in the prevention of risks of accidents, damage to health and the environment.

Conduct joint work with government bodies Republic of Kazakhstan and all interested parties in order to develop regulations and standards aimed at improving the safety of company employees and protecting the environment.

Apply a constructive approach in its activities based on dialogue with stakeholders and the public and aimed at achieving recognition of the company's activities by the local community through the implementation of social programs.

Sponsorship and charity projects are aimed at ensuring economic sustainability and welfare, supporting healthcare, education, culture and cultural heritage sports, as well as providing assistance to the poor who are eligible to receive such support, as well as being in line with NCOC's strategic goals for sustainable development. The implementation of the sponsorship and charity program is entrusted to Agip KCO.

In particular, projects involve their own contributions by the participants themselves, and must also demonstrate to the public their long-term sustainability. No support for political or religious organizations, projects cannot create unfair conditions for market competition, negatively affect environmental stability and/or natural ecosystems. Projects are typically developed by local governments, NGOs, or community representatives, but may also be initiated by NCOC or its Agents as a proactive measure in support of local communities.

Bibliography:

State Program for the Development of the Kazakh Sector of the Caspian Sea





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