The Federal Customs Service of Russia is the central executive body of the federal government, which directly manages the customs business in the Russian Federation. He leads, unites and directs the activities of the customs authorities. How federal agency The FCS of Russia is responsible for the implementation of the customs policy of the Russian Federation; ensures compliance with customs legislation and other legislation, development, strengthening the unity of the entire system of customs authorities headed by him. The Federal Customs Service of Russia performs not only the functions of direct management of the customs business, but also coordination and control functions in this area. In cases provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, as well as other acts of legislation, the FCS of Russia issues, within its competence, acts on customs matters that are binding on all customs authorities of the Russian Federation, enterprises, institutions, organizations, regardless of ownership, as well as officials and citizens.

FCS of Russia as a federal body executive power carries out its activities in cooperation with other federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the subjects Russian Federation and local governments. In some cases, the FCS of Russia may enter into direct relations with officials of enterprises, institutions, organizations, as well as individuals (for example, when officials The Federal Customs Service of Russia is conducting an inquiry into the smuggling).

The legal status of the FCS of Russia, its tasks and functions, rights and obligations, structure are determined in the Labor Code of the Customs Union of the Russian Federation.

The FCS of Russia solves all the tasks arising from the goals of the state customs policy of the Russian Federation.

The structure of the FCS includes:

8 main departments:

Main organizational and inspection department (office of the chairman of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation);

Head office of the organization customs control;

General Directorate for Combating Smuggling;

General Directorate of Commodity Nomenclature and Trade Restrictions;

Main Logistics Department;

Main Directorate of Federal Customs Revenues;

Main Financial and Economic Department;

Main Department of Information Technology.

11 controls:

Personnel Department;

Currency Control Department;

Department of Customs Cooperation;

Case Management;

Control and Audit Department;

legal management;

Management of own security;

Department of Customs Inspection;

Department of Customs Statistics and Analysis;

Department of Customs Investigations and Inquiries;

Office of the organization of power supply.

The Federal Customs Service is directly subordinate to the customs of central subordination: Vnukovo, Domodedovo, Sheremetyevskaya, Central Base, Central Energy, as well as specialized units: the Russian Customs Academy and the Canine Center of the Federal Customs Service of Russia.

The territorial subdivisions of the FCS are 7 RTUs:

Central Customs Administration (includes 28 local customs offices: Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow East, Moscow West, Moscow North, Moscow South, Noginsk, Oryol, Podolsk, Ryazan, Smolensk , Tambov, Tver, Tula, Shchelkovo, Yaroslavl, Central excise, Central operational and Central rear);

North-Western Customs Administration (includes 23 customs: Arkhangelsk, Bagrationovskaya, Baltic, Velikolukskaya, Vologda, Vyborgskaya, Kaliningradskaya, Kaliningrad operational, Kingiseppskaya, Kostomukskaya, Murmanskaya, Nemanskaya, Novgorodskaya, Petrozavodskaya, Pskovskaya, Pulkovo, St. Petersburg, Sebezhskaya , Sortaval, Syktyvkar, North-Western excise, North-Western operational, North-Western rear, as well as a specialized unit - the Canine Center of the North-Western Customs);

Southern Customs Administration (includes 20 customs offices: Adygei, Astrakhan, Volgograd, Dagestan, Ingush, Kabardino-Balkarian, Kalmyk, Karachay-Cherkess, Krasnodar, Millerovo, Mineralovodsk, Novorossiysk, Rostov, North Ossetian, Sochi, Stavropol, Taganrog, Tuapse, Chechen, Southern operational);

Privolzhsky customs administration (includes 16 customs offices: Bashkortostan, Kirov, Mari, Mordovia, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Penza, Perm, Samara, Saratov, Tatarstan, Togliatti, Udmurt, Ulyanovsk, Chuvash, Volga operational);

Ural customs administration (includes 10 customs offices: Yekaterinburg, Koltsov, Kurgan, Magnitogorsk, Nizhny Tagil, Tyumen, Khanty-Mansiysk, Chelyabinsk, Yamalo-Nenets, Ural operational);

Siberian customs administration (includes 19 customs offices: Altai, Bratsk, Buryat, Gorno-Altai, Trans-Baikal, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk, Naushkinsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tolmachevsk, Tomsk, Tuva, Khakass, Chita, East Siberian Operational, Siberian operational, Siberian rear);

Far Eastern Customs Administration (includes 16 customs offices: Amur, Birobidzhan, Blagoveshchensk, Vanino, Vladivostok, Grodekovo, Kamchatka, Magadan, Nakhodka, Sakhalin, Ussuri, Khabarovsk, Khasan, Chukotka, Yakutsk, Far Eastern operational).

RTUs manage the customs business in their region, which is determined by the Federal Customs Service of Russia. The tasks of the RTU include the organization of customs affairs, ensuring the timely transfer of customs payments to the federal budget, generalization and analysis of customs practice, development and implementation, within its competence, of measures aimed at ensuring the unity of the customs territory of Russia, its economic security in the part related to customs business , the fight against smuggling and other customs offenses, organizational, logistical, financial, personnel, social and other support for its activities and the activities of subordinate bodies. Customs is directly subordinate to RTU. There are customs directly subordinate to the FCS. The task of customs is to carry out customs activities in your region, including customs clearance of goods, placing them under a certain customs regime, production customs procedures, collection of customs payments, customs control. customs are law enforcement ensuring, within their competence, the implementation of legislation on criminal and administrative proceedings. Customs carry out its activities through customs posts. Structure, headcount customs officers are determined by RTU.

Unlike the FCS, RTU and customs, customs posts are not a legal entity (with the exception of special cases determined by special orders of the FCS). The tasks of the customs post include the direct implementation of customs affairs, customs clearance and customs control in the entrusted area, the fight against administrative offenses in the field of customs affairs. The structure, number of employees, the head of the customs post are determined by the higher customs. Customs law. Textbook for high schools. / Ed. A.A. Bogomolova - M: Yurayt Publishing Group - M-2011.

The main tasks of the FCS of Russia are: determination of the most effective methods for the implementation of tasks in the field of customs in accordance with international standards and the legislation of the Russian Federation. The achievement of this goal is ensured by solving the following tasks:

quality improvement customs regulation contributing to the creation of conditions for attracting investments into the Russian economy, revenues to the federal budget, protection of domestic producers, protection of intellectual property, and maximum assistance to foreign trade activities;

improvement of customs administration, including the development of a risk management system based on the implementation of customs procedures in accordance with international standards based on the latest achievements in the field of information and management technologies;

strengthening cooperation with Russian, foreign and international bodies and organizations in the fight against terrorism, smuggling of weapons, drugs and counterfeit products, as well as in ensuring economic, environmental and radiation safety.

The implementation of these tasks involves ensuring a stable legal regime throughout the Russian Federation for foreign trade based on the following approved by the World Customs Organization international principles: standardization and improvement of customs legislation, development of norms, rules and procedures in accordance with international standards; transparency and predictability.

Customs legislation, norms, rules and procedures in the field of customs are applied consistently; they are unified, well-known and brought to the attention of all interested parties in an accessible form; minimal intervention.

The customs authorities, to the maximum extent possible, observe the principles of selectivity and sufficiency of customs control, apply a risk management system;

consumer orientation. Customs administration is aimed at improving the quality of customs procedures in relation to legal and individuals as participants in foreign trade activities;

cooperation and partnership. The activities of the customs authorities provide for the development of cooperation with all participants in the foreign trade process, including government agencies, the business community, customs services of other states;

balance in terms of the relationship between customs control in the field of security and trade facilitation measures.

As a basis for the activities of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation, new principles will be used, defined in the framework standards for ensuring the security and facilitation of world trade, adopted by the World Customs Organization and approved by the Federal Customs Service.

On the one hand, new approaches to customs administration will be formed, which involve ensuring its high efficiency with external simplicity and speed of clearance of goods and Vehicle, moved by physical and legal entities, and on the other hand, these approaches will help solve the problems associated with understating

The main functions of the FCS of Russia: The FCS of the Russian Federation performs the following main functions:

participate in the development of the customs policy of the Russian Federation and implement this policy;

ensure compliance with the legislation, the control over the implementation of which is entrusted to the customs authorities of the Russian Federation, take measures to protect the rights and interests of citizens, enterprises, institutions and organizations in the implementation of customs affairs;

ensure, within their competence, the economic security of the Russian Federation, which is economic basis the sovereignty of the Russian Federation;

protect the economic interests of the Russian Federation;

apply means of customs regulation of trade and economic relations;

collect customs duties, taxes and other customs payments;

participate in the development of economic policy measures in relation to goods transported across the customs border of the Russian Federation, implement these measures;

ensure compliance with the permit procedure for the movement of goods and vehicles across the customs border of the Russian Federation;

fight against smuggling, violations of customs rules and tax legislation related to goods transported across the customs border of the Russian Federation, stop illegal trafficking across the customs border of the Russian Federation of drugs, weapons, objects of artistic, historical and archaeological heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, objects of intellectual property , endangered species of animals and plants, their parts and derivatives, other goods, as well as assist in the fight against international terrorism and the suppression of unlawful interference at Russian airports in the activities of international civil aviation;

carry out and improve customs control and customs clearance, create conditions conducive to the acceleration of trade across the customs border of the Russian Federation;

lead customs statistics foreign trade and special customs statistics of the Russian Federation;

maintain the Commodity nomenclature foreign economic activity;

contribute to the development of foreign economic relations of the republics within the Russian Federation, the autonomous region, autonomous regions, territories, regions, cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as enterprises, institutions, organizations and citizens;

contribute to the implementation of measures to protect state security, public order, morality of the population, human life and health, protection of animals and plants, protection of the natural environment, protection of interests Russian consumers imported goods;

exercise control over the export of strategic and other materials vital for the interests of the Russian Federation;

carry out currency control within their competence;

ensure the fulfillment of the international obligations of the Russian Federation in the part related to the customs business; participate in the development of international treaties of the Russian Federation affecting the customs business; cooperate with customs and other competent authorities of foreign states, international organizations dealing with customs matters;

carry out research work and consulting in the field of customs; carry out training, retraining and advanced training of specialists in this field for state bodies, enterprises, institutions and organizations;

provide, in accordance with the established procedure, the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, other state bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations and citizens with information on customs issues;

implement a unified financial and economic policy, develop the material, technical and social base of customs authorities, create the necessary conditions labor for employees of these bodies.

The Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation carries out its activities in cooperation with other federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and public associations, In its activities, the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Labor Code of the Customs Union of the Russian Federation, and other federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation and decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation. State bodies and their officials are obliged to assist the customs authorities of the Russian Federation in solving the tasks assigned to them, including by creating appropriate conditions for this.

The Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation is directly subordinated to regional customs departments, as well as specialized customs offices (eg Central Energy Customs, Sheremetyevo Customs, Domodedovo Customs, etc.).

Organizational FCS structure Russia. Tasks and functions, i.e. the main activities of the customs authorities determine the internal structure of the FCS of Russia. Organizational structure The FCS of Russia consists of the following elements: the leadership of the FCS of Russia, the apparatus of the FCS of Russia, consisting of departments and departments.

Among the structural elements, the leading role belongs to the leadership, which includes: the chairman, his deputies, the collegium of the FCS of Russia.

The FCS of Russia is headed by a chairman who is appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation. The Chairman of the Federal Customs Service of Russia carries out general management of the system of customs authorities. He has deputies who are appointed and dismissed on his recommendation by the Government of the Russian Federation. Responsibilities between the deputies are distributed by the chairman of the FCS of Russia.

Chairman of the FCS of Russia: At the moment, Andrei Belyaninov is in charge of the activities of the FCS of Russia on the principles of unity of command; bears personal responsibility for the fulfillment of the tasks and functions assigned to the FCS of Russia; represents the FCS of Russia and ensures its interaction with other state bodies of the Russian Federation; appoints and dismisses senior officials of the Federal Customs Service of Russia, heads of regional customs departments and customs offices of the Russian Federation, heads of subordinate enterprises, organizations, institutions; establishes the powers of the subordinate customs bodies of the Russian Federation to independently resolve organizational, personnel, financial and other issues; performs other functions and enjoys other rights in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The Chairman of the FCS of Russia has the right to delegate certain powers granted to him to subordinate officials.

Members of the board of the FCS of Russia (except for persons included in its composition ex officio) are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the chairman of the FCS of Russia.

The Collegium, at its regular meetings, considers critical issues associated with the activities of the FCS of Russia. At meetings of the board, reports are heard from the heads of the central office of the Federal Customs Service of Russia, other customs authorities, subordinate enterprises, organizations and institutions. Customs law. Training and metodology complex. / Ed. CM. Stepanenko M., 2012.

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Russian customs - government agency control, which carries out the movement of goods, cargo, cars, motorcycles, and other things across the border. The customs office establishes customs procedures for the passage of goods and collects customs payments, if any. Our section Russian customs will provide you detailed information about the order of work of the customs of the Russian Federation, customs duties Customs of Russia, addresses and contact numbers of Customs of Russia in your city or region of the country.

Here you can find all the information about the customs of Russia.

Russian Customs (FCS) represented by regional customs departments, regional customs services, customs posts, customs of central subordination (customs of Moscow airports, etc.).

Customs of the Russian Federation establishes a procedure customs clearance, establishes the classification of goods (commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity) and vehicles that cross the border of the customs control of Russia, and also performs customs control and law enforcement activities within the customs sphere. The Russian customs maintains a register of persons included in the scope of customs office work (they are customs brokers, objects of intellectual property, etc.) The FCS also issues certificates for the right to operate in certain areas of customs (customs brokers, etc.)

Customs of the Russian Federation also provides consultations for participants of foreign economic activity (foreign economic activity).

Customs of Russia - official site, contact numbers, addresses.

Official website of Russian customs(Federal Customs Service of Russia) - http://www.customs.ru/

Russian customs website for individuals Section of the official website of the Russian customs for individuals - http://fl.customs.ru/

Customs clearance

customs clearance is the procedure necessary to perform when moving goods or vehicles across the Russian border. Customs clearance involves the following steps customs clearance, payment of customs duties.

Preparation of documents required for customs clearance- produced by the consignor or Customs Broker on his behalf (if there are no relevant customs specialists in the staff of the consignor's company). The customs broker or consignor prepares a list of documents required for his category of goods or cargo. Such documents may be a completed freight customs declaration, certificates, transport and shipping documents, product license (if necessary, for certain categories of goods), certificate of conformity (if necessary, for certain categories of goods), etc.

Cost of customs clearance depends on which group your product or cargo belongs to. This cost may also include the cost of services of a customs broker for customs clearance if you used a broker for the customs clearance procedure

More details about the amount of customs duties and the procedure for their payment will be discussed below.

Russian customs duties

The amount of customs payments:

Import and export of currency through the customs of Russia:

The customs of Russia allows you to import and export from Russia any foreign currency, the amount of which in cash does not exceed 10 thousand US dollars in equivalent. The same applies to the import and export of traveler's and bank checks from Russia.

Import and export of goods through the customs of Russia:

Customs value of goods- the value of the goods, which is determined in accordance with the agreement between the customs union of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan dated January 25, 2008 "On determining the customs value of goods transported across the customs border Customs Union". This indicator is used to set the customs duty.

Duty-free import and export: Import of goods to Russia is allowed for items personal use and non-commercial purposes. When transporting goods by air to Russia, the total value of goods must not exceed 10,000 euros, and the maximum weight must be 50 kilograms. When transporting goods by rail, road, sea transport, the total customs value of goods should not exceed 1.5 thousand euros, and total weight less than 50 kg.

The amount of duties for the import and export of goods to Russia: If the total cost or weight is more than the specified limits, but not more than 650 thousand rubles. and 200 kg., customs charges a customs duty in the amount of 30% of the customs price of goods. If the total cost and weight are above 650 thousand rubles. and 200 kg. accordingly, customs duties are classified as for commercial activities.

Russian customs duties:

The amount and procedure for calculating customs duties in Russia is established by the Law of the Russian Federation "About the customs tariff" and is registered in the customs code of Russia, respectively. In accordance with the customs law of Russia "On the customs tariff" (Article 4), it is established 3 types of customs rates: customs duty No. 1 - ad valorem rate; customs duty No. 2 - specific rate; customs duty No. 3 - combined rate.

The customs of Russia has established a duty-free import of goods for a month, the total customs value for which is not higher than 1000 euros (in equivalent), and the total weight of the parcel is not more than 31 kg. duties are set at a rate of 30% of the established customs value of goods (single rate), however, the size of the Russian customs duty is set at least 4 euros per 1 kg of parcel weight.

Read more about Russian customs duties in the section -

Declaration of the Customs Union

Declaration of the Customs Union this is a legislative customs document that is used when importing and exporting goods from Russia, importing products to the countries of the Customs Union (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan).

The declaration of the customs union is drawn up by the manufacturer or supplier of products and registered at the certification center.

Lists of goods that require the mandatory execution of a Customs Union (CU) declaration are contained in single list products established by the Decision of the Commission of the Customs Union dated April 7, 2011 No. 620.

For a complete list required documents in order to carry out foreign economic activity within the framework of the Customs Union, you need to find your niche (group of goods) in the list below.

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) - the federal executive body, which, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, exercises the functions of control and supervision in the field of customs, as well as the functions of a currency control agent and special functions to combat smuggling, other crimes and administrative offenses.

On May 11, 2006, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Customs Service was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation. Previously, the FCS of Russia was subordinate to the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade.

FCS functions

By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 26, 2006 No. 459, the following main functions are assigned to the FCS:

• maintaining registers of persons, organizations and objects included in the field of customs (customs brokers, intellectual property, etc.)
• issuance of certificates and permits for the right to operate in certain areas of customs affairs
• determination of the procedure and direct implementation of customs clearance and control
• classification of goods in accordance with the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity (TN VED) (as well as maintaining TN VED), determination of the country of origin and customs value of goods and vehicles transported across the customs border of the Russian Federation
• law enforcement - combating offenses in the field of customs
• some advisory services provided free of charge to participants in foreign economic activity

The function of collecting customs payments - customs duties and customs fees. Along with internal taxes and management revenues state property customs payments are one of the main types of federal budget revenues. Thus, in January 2008, the customs authorities transferred 274.77 billion rubles to the federal budget.

Territorial structure of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation

• Regional customs departments (corresponding to the federal districts of the Russian Federation)
• Regional customs (often, but not always correspond to the subjects of the Russian Federation)
• customs posts
• Customs of central subordination (for example, customs of Moscow airports, Central excise customs, etc.)

Information Technology

Story

2020: Interview of TAdviser with the first deputy head Ruslan Davydov

In February 2020, the First Deputy Head of the Federal Customs Service Ruslan Davydov, who oversees the issues of building the architecture of customs control, spoke in an interview with TAdviser about the prospects for digitalization of the FCS. Read more.

2013: Arrears of the Russian customs amounted to $40 billion

The Russian budget only in 2013 received less than 40 billion dollars from customs, the scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences calculated according to the methodology they developed, RBC reports. The use of such a methodology made it possible to identify significant discrepancies in foreign trade data on imports and exports.

The scientists who conducted the research used, in particular, the data of the system of customs and banking currency control of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the method of "mirror statistics". Comparing total amount payments and the invoice value of imports and exports of goods from Russia declared by the customs authorities, the scientists determined the total amount of undervalued value when declaring, and then used the "mirror statistics" method to verify the primary data.

According to the Federal Customs Service, in 2013, 6 trillion 564.56 billion rubles were transferred to the federal budget. In 2014, the collection of customs payments increased by almost 7 percent - up to 7 trillion rubles. In January-February 2015, the Federal Customs Service reduced payments to the budget by 20 percent compared to the same period a year earlier.

The FCS accounts for about half of all federal budget revenues. The deficit of the Russian federal budget in 2015 is projected at the level of three percent of GDP.

In turn, according to the official representative of the Federal Customs Service Alexander Smelyakov, the deputy's assessment of lost payments is "a populist exaggeration not based on a reliable method of calculation."