Many jobs or working conditions lead to negative consequences for the body. The annual reports of the International Labor Organization (ILO) show an average of 160 million reported work-related illnesses.

In Russia, according to the statement of the Deputy Minister of Labor, today more than half of the workers work in hazardous industries, a fifth of them are women.

Work in such conditions, ultimately, can lead to an occupational disease - an acute or chronic illness resulting from work in harmful working conditions and leading to a temporary (permanent) loss of the opportunity to work. Precise definition contains the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Compulsory Social Insurance against Industrial Accidents and Occupational Diseases" dated July 24, 1998, No. 125 in Art. 3.

It follows from the definition that occupational diseases at work are divided into acute and chronic.

Acute illnesses are diseases that an employee has acquired as a result of short-term (one-day or one-shift) harmful effects. Here it is worth mentioning separately the obligation of the employer, at his own expense, to deliver the victim to a medical facility or home on his own (from Article 223 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Chronic diseases include those that are obtained due to prolonged exposure to harmful factors (one factor) on the body.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 967 dated 12/15/2000 also refers to occupational diseases as poisoning.

The law refers to occupational diseases only those that were the result of a harmful factor - this is important! A harmful factor is considered to be the production impact, which was the cause of disability (Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

What diseases are considered occupational?

According to the same ILO reports, the main occupational diseases in the world are:

• problems with the musculoskeletal system (40% of the total);
• cardiovascular disorders (16%);
• respiratory diseases, including allergic bronchitis and asthma (9%).

The list of health problems is not complete, it only includes common ones. The complete list in our country was approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 417n, dated 04/27/12. Hepatitis, gastritis, visual impairment, dermatitis, eczema, and so on are indicated there.

Causes of occupational diseases at work

« A worker is capable of earning an industrial disease for the same reasons as getting an industrial injury (mutilation). These include:

• technical,
• organizational,
• sanitary and hygienic,
• economic,
• psychophysiological reasons.

The first group includes technical problems with machines, machine tools, including their design flaws, malfunction of tools and other technical devices, lack of barriers, handrails, ventilation failure, leakage of toxic gases and liquids.

The second is the lack of supervision by the management of production, failure to conduct the necessary briefing, violation of labor protection rules, failure to provide employees with the allotted time for rest, lack of funds at the place of work personal protection, as well as the use of tools not for their technical purpose.

The third group includes unsanitary conditions in the workplace, failure to conduct a timely medical examination, the presence of increased noise, vibration, gas pollution, poor lighting, radiation, as well as natural and climatic conditions.

The fourth group implies the lack of sufficient funding for the field of labor protection at work, a reduction in the number of employees with an unacceptable increase in output and a reduction in time for rest. Savings on repair and timely replacement of broken equipment.

The fifth group includes the monotony of work, a bad atmosphere in the team, and the general fatigue of the worker.

Specialists also single out into a separate group subjective factors or circumstances emanating from the employee himself, namely the appearance at work drunk, the deliberate violation of labor protection rules, the personal use of tools that are not related to the work performed by him.

Despite the fact that at present the level of technological progress in various industries and the improvement of working conditions have significantly reduced the growth of morbidity in the workplace, some occupational diseases do not lose ground in terms of the frequency and severity of clinical manifestations. In addition, technical and scientific achievements, widely used in production, the use of modern chemicals - all this provokes the emergence of new factors that adversely affect the human body.

Production factors that adversely affect the health of workers are very diverse. Although today occupational diseases are most often encountered in an erased or mild form, cases of the occurrence of not only occupational diseases, but also industrial injuries are not uncommon.

Occupational injuries include acute diseases arising from chemical, thermal and electrical damage to an organ or tissue during the work process (at the workplace).

Some forms of occupational diseases mainly affect the respiratory system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, skin, etc. Therefore, at present, it has become necessary to combine occupational diseases into separate groups, both according to the system-organ and etiological principles.

The group according to the etiological principle includes such occupational diseases caused by exposure to:

1) Industrial dust (dust bronchitis, chronic rhinopharyngolaryngitis, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, metalconiosis, etc.).

2) Chemical factors production environment(chronic and acute intoxications, poisoning with lead, mercury, benzene, pesticides).

3) physical factors industrial environment (diseases caused by exposure to noise, vibration disease, cochlear neuritis, radiation pathology, diseases provoked by high and low temperatures).

4) Overvoltage of individual organs and systems (diseases of peripheral nerves and muscles, humeroscapular periarthrosis, deforming osteoarthrosis, epicondylosis of the shoulder, aseptic osteonecrosis, bursitis, lumbosacral and cervical radiculopathy).

In addition to the above, occupational diseases are sometimes supplemented by two more groups of industrial diseases: neoplasms and allergies. Allergies include: dermatitis, eczema, bronchial asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, Quincke's edema, toxic-allergic hepatitis. Often they develop during the contact of workers with enzyme preparations, metal compounds, polymeric materials etc.

The cause of neoplasms is often the products of oil distillation and hard coal, asbestos, benzene, vinyl chloride, arsenic, etc. Their harmful effects for a long time can cause various forms of cancer.

Diagnosis of occupational diseases is somewhat different from the diagnosis of other types of diseases. Sometimes, for an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to pay attention to some signs that are not reflected in the clinical picture, but sometimes play a decisive diagnostic role. For example, a lead "border" on the gums or even an unusual dream pattern may indicate carbon disulfide or leaded gasoline poisoning. If such signs are found, an additional targeted examination should be carried out.

What is the essence preventive measures on the manufacturing enterprises? As mentioned above, occupational diseases are almost asymptomatic, that is, in an erased form. This is the main pitfall in the field of diagnosis and treatment of occupational diseases.

Successful implementation of preventive measures makes it possible to avoid serious damage.

Occupational diseases of hairdressers

Hairdressing today is one of the most sought after and profitable areas public services. Hair salons and elite hairdressers open one after another, and the work of a professional hairdresser is appreciated. The emergence of new and technologically advanced hair care, styling and styling products on the market allows hairdressers to create real masterpieces of hairdressing.

At the same time, the work of a hairdresser is quite complex, time-consuming and often negatively affects well-being and health. The most common occupational diseases of hairdressers concern, first of all, the respiratory and circulatory organs. To a large extent, hairdressers complain about the manifestation of allergies of various etiologies, as well as problems with the musculoskeletal system. It is necessary to consider in detail each disease separately in order to understand which factors provoke the occurrence of one or another occupational ailment of representatives of this field of activity.

Allergic reactions, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma

As you know, an allergy is a kind of response of the human immune system to an exogenous (influencing from the outside) substance - an allergen. For hairdressers, such substances (irritant) are hair and professional styling products. Daily manipulations to shorten the hair of clients lead to regular inhalation by the hairdresser, which over time ends with the development of allergic reactions and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes.

Since human hair is rather light, it easily enters the oral cavity, and then descends into the lungs, creating a compressed layer of hair dust there. This can lead to the development of atopic bronchial asthma. Asthma symptoms (suffocation, coughing, shortness of breath) can occur in attacks, so a hairdresser who has been diagnosed with this disease should seriously consider the advisability of further hairdressing.

Less dangerous, but no less unpleasant, allergic rhinitis leads the occupational diseases of hairdressers and manicure-pedicure masters. Rhinitis of allergic etiology can eventually transform into bronchial asthma, so its treatment and prevention should be approached no less seriously. The main provocateurs of allergic rhinitis (also dermatitis) are various professional hair treatment and styling products. Since most of these products are available in the form of aerosols, their spraying leads to widespread distribution of chemicals and, accordingly, to their frequent inhalation.

Phlebeurysm

Varicose veins is a chronic insufficiency characterized by impaired venous outflow. The likelihood of developing varicose veins is directly proportional to a sedentary lifestyle. The work of a hairdresser involves a long static standing position. Accordingly, the entire load falls on the lower limbs, which provokes swelling of the legs and blockage of the veins with the development of thrombophlebitis.

It is easier to prevent occupational diseases of hairdressers than to treat them. Therefore, it is necessary to engage in feasible prevention of varicose veins. During a long forced standing position, you need to change your position as often as possible, do not wear uncomfortable shoes, and take foot baths with herbs or sea salt after work. Shown are also contrast showers, hiking and swimming.

Osteochondrosis

The disease of the 21st century, which has affected more than half of the world's population, has not bypassed hairdressers either. With osteochondrosis, that vertebral section suffers, where the main load falls. The masters of salons and hairdressers, by the nature of their activities, are often forced to be in a slightly bent position, and this position can be held for a very long time. Concentrated on the work process, the hairdresser completely forgets about the inconvenience. But it is precisely the prolonged uncomfortable position of the body that is detrimental to the spine and intervertebral discs, which gradually atrophy and wear out.

As a preventive measure for diseases associated with a violation of the musculoskeletal system, regular wearing of leggings, socks or anklets is recommended. With regard to the activities of hairdressers, measures to prevent occupational diseases should be permanent.

Occupational diseases of miners

The activity of workers in the coal mining industry is considered one of the most harmful and difficult. The level of occupational injury in the workplace is quite high, since basic safety standards are simply not observed.

There are a number of factors that accompany the occurrence of occupational diseases of workers in the coal industry. First of all, this is the contact of miners with certain types of dust. We can say that industrial dust is the most unfavorable factor affecting human health. If we are talking about the work of miners, then it is coal-rock dust that negatively affects the body of workers.

Occupational diseases of miners primarily affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. How high the harm from a strong accumulation of carbon dioxide, insufficient oxygen content, accumulation of carbon monoxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere of a mine can be judged by the number and variety of diseases characteristic of coal industry workers.

Pneumoconiosis

For many years, occupational diseases of miners were mostly pulmonary, in particular, they triggered a pneumofibrotic process. Pneumoconiosis is the most common form of chronic dust diseases. The classification of pneumoconiosis includes several types, depending on the etiological principle. However, only three types of pneumoconiosis are typical for miners:

1) Silicosis - pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of quartz dust, which contains free silicon dioxide;

2) Carboconiosis occurs due to exposure to carbon-containing dust: coke, coal, soot, graphite

3) Silicosis - pneumoconiosis that occurs when inhaling mineral dust containing silicon dioxide in combination with iron, aluminum, magnesium, etc.

In all cases, occupational diseases of miners of dust etiology can be prevented and treated. Prevention and treatment of these diseases are general principles treatment with other types of bronchopulmonary pathologies. The conditions for their effectiveness are the complete or temporary cessation of the impact of an unfavorable factor and the implementation of elimination therapy.

vibration sickness

This Occupational Illness differs in the variety of clinical manifestations and features of the course. The main factor, of course, is the high level of industrial vibration. Such concomitant production factors as noise, static tension of the muscles of the shoulder girdle, forced position of the body play a significant role in the development of vibration disease. Workers in the mining industry are affected to the same extent as representatives of the engineering, metallurgical and railway industries.

The complexity of diagnosing vibration disease is explained by the peculiarity of its clinical manifestations. Basically, vibration disease affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems, the musculoskeletal system and metabolic processes. The basis for the development of pathology is the most complex mechanisms of neuro-reflex and neurohumoral disorders.

Another unfavorable factor of the working environment in the work of miners is noise. Prolonged exposure to noise on the human body, first of all, causes changes in the hearing, cardiovascular and nervous systems. It should be noted that during the labor process associated with exposure to noise, the forced position of the body, muscle tension, and increased attention are inevitable. At the same time, work can be accompanied by exposure to dust, toxic substances, and vibration. All this, in turn, increases the likelihood of diseases directly related to noise exposure and affects the clinical picture of the disease.

Preventive measures to prevent the harmful effects of noise on the body of workers in the mining industries should, of course, be aimed at reducing its level. This can be achieved by improving the design of profile tools and equipment. If such measures are not possible, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment.

Driver illnesses

Those who are behind the steering wheel need a neurologist, urologist, proctologist, pulmonologist. 17 major ailments haunt drivers most often. The most dangerous: prostatitis, hemorrhoids, sciatica, osteochondrosis, hypertension and headaches.

It is necessary to start taking care of health by putting the car in order and equipping it with elementary devices that help maintain the body in good condition. These are passive means of prevention: massagers and heating pads, a belt with biphotons, swimming trunks, and socks. Heating and massaging save not only man's dignity, but also women's charms.

European experts have found out that more than three hours spent in a crooked state are already dangerous for the driver. If you sit like this for 12 hours, temporary impotence sets in. Long sitting generally affects male power. For drivers, the problem is in his seat. It should have a certain orthopedic shape. On foreign cars, the seats have several adjustments with which you can fit them to your body.

Remember: the correct curve of the spine in the chair should resemble the letter S in profile.

Warmth in the cabin

And why should the engine be kept in order so as not to pick up the "driver's disease"?

Heating of salons on domestic cars does not stand up to criticism. We have bad stoves! And the point is not only that they are weakly heated and often fail. Our stoves drive into the cabin all the gas muck that hovers around the engine under the hood. How to make sure that not only warm, but also, if possible, clean air enters the salon?

First of all, you must not be lazy to thoroughly scrub the engine even in winter. Our roads are sprinkled with salt or watered with chloride compounds. Getting on a warm motor, drops of solution and salt turn into very dangerous gases. There is no escape from them. The only way out is to clean the engine. Especially the common radiator and the stove radiator, if any.

Most of the "professional" diseases of drivers are associated with an uncomfortable driving position. As a result, blood circulation in the pelvis is disturbed, and the load on the spine increases. Most often, drivers suffer from radiculitis and osteochondrosis. Unfortunately, these diseases are a "gift" for the rest of your life. Osteochondrosis, in addition, can generally lead to disability. Due to frequent drafts, a working air conditioner, drivers often inflame the muscles of the neck and chest (this is called myositis). Complement the bouquet of hemorrhoids and prostatitis.

Another group of diseases is a consequence of increased emotional stress. Constant stress behind the wheel increases the risk of heart disease and blood vessels. That is why drivers often have heart attacks, hypertension, heart rhythm failures. Drivers, among other things, are exposed to increased exposure to toxic substances, which leads to a decrease in immunity, allergies, bronchial asthma and even cancer.

In the first place in terms of danger - exhaust gases. Most cars run on gasoline, which releases more than 200 toxic products when burned. The most harmful to health are oxides of carbon (CO) and nitrogen (NO), hydrocarbons (formaldehyde, benzapyrene, phenol) and heavy metals.

Carbon monoxide (or carbon monoxide) is colorless and odorless, so a person may not feel its presence in the air even at lethal concentrations. However, it is very rare for carbon monoxide to reach life-threatening levels in the atmosphere. The insidiousness of carbon monoxide is different: this compound "prevents" the blood protein hemoglobin from transporting oxygen through organs and tissues. As a result, oxygen starvation may occur, from which the brain primarily suffers. With mild poisoning, headache, heaviness in the head, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting are observed. In more severe cases, the person may even lose consciousness.

Nitrogen oxides are no less dangerous - main reason smog on busy highways. They irritate the respiratory organs and eyes, and can cause chronic lung diseases.

Hydrocarbons, especially benzapyrene, are carcinogens, i.e. substances that can cause cancer

Products emitted by car tires are hazardous to health. With a sharp braking, they release a whole bunch of toxic substances: benzene, xylene, styrene, toluene; carbon disulfide, formaldehyde, phenols; sulfur oxides. When tires rub against asphalt, nitroso compounds are also formed, which are the most powerful carcinogens. international organization cancer research has included them in the list of so-called priority toxicants, i.e. substances that pose the greatest risk to human health.

Tire dust, which is formed during tread wear, causes allergic reactions, bronchial asthma when it enters the lungs, and conjunctivitis, rhinitis and urticaria when it comes into contact with the mucous membrane and skin. According to American scientists, 900,000 tons of dust enter the atmosphere in the United States every year; no less than it is thrown away on Russian roads.

Another source of danger in the car are ... brake pads. The fact is that they are made of asbestos, "communication" with which leads to cancer (for example, it has long been banned from being used in the construction of new houses, and in Germany they even demolish old buildings where this material was used). But the greatest harm to human health is caused by phenol, which is released during braking, when the temperature of the disc and pads reaches eight hundred degrees.

What do drivers need to do to avoid trouble? No matter how trite it may sound, a variety of physical activities are necessary, that is, a daily set of gymnastic exercises. Circular movements in the lumbar spine, all kinds of flexion and extension. If you are too lazy, wear biophotonic products both day and night.

A contrast shower is very useful, but with a HuaShen nozzle. Temperature "rocking" activates blood circulation, normalizes the tone of the nervous system, stimulates the immune system. Flower pollen is necessary to strengthen connective tissue, to eliminate the deficiency of essential nutrients.

Gasoline fumes can cause aggression. Filling station workers.

Rising gasoline prices are not the only reason for the anger of motorists at gas stations. A new study has shown that fumes from leaded and unleaded gasoline can cause aggressive behavior.

If you are pouring gasoline into the tank at a gas station and suddenly feel inexplicably angry or anxious, don't be surprised. In a new study published in the journal BMC Physiology, experiments on rats show that gasoline fumes can cause real aggression. The rats exposed to the fumes were more likely to scratch and fight each other. They also showed signs of restlessness and anxiety. According to scientists from the University of Cairo, Egypt, the chemicals in the fumes caused damage to brain cells, resulting in behavioral changes in the animals.

Scientists warn that the gasoline vapors people are exposed to on a daily basis can affect their mental and physical health. Study lead author Amal Kinawy said: “Increased aggression could be another danger for people chronically exposed to city air polluted by car exhaust. Millions of people breathe gasoline fumes every day while refueling their cars.”

During the study, rats were exposed to leaded gasoline, unleaded gasoline, and clean air. Those animals that inhaled chemical fumes attacked each other more often than those that breathed just air. And while there was no significant difference between the effect of leaded and unleaded gasoline on the behavior of rats, unleaded gasoline did make the rats slightly more aggressive.

IN previous works a link has already been shown between toxic exhaust gases and an increased risk of miscarriage, the development of dementia and allergic reactions. In Britain, leaded gasoline has been banned since 2000 due to the harmful effects on people's health, especially children.

Illness of teachers and loaders

At first, varicose veins are rarely paid attention to - there are diseases and more difficult ones. Indeed, in the first stages, the disease resembles an unfortunate cosmetic defect: a network of blood vessels appears under the skin, edema appears, heaviness in the legs in the evenings ... When trophic ulcers "bloom" with might and main on the legs and there is a serious threat of disability, only vascular surgeons.

Varicose veins are insidious and cunning

Varicose veins are a time bomb, says MD, vascular surgeon the highest category Anatoly Dominyak. - Having waved his hand at himself, a person risks getting a "bouquet" of the most severe complications: thrombophlebitis, cellulitis, erysipelas, trophic ulcers, varicose eczema ... But this disease is treated easily and radically - if you turn to professionals for help in a timely manner.

The mechanism of the development of the disease is quite simple. Contrary to the law of gravity, blood moves through the veins of the legs from the bottom up. Therefore, nature has provided the veins of the lower extremities with special valves that prevent the flow of fluid down. The problem is that the "cunning" valve mechanism fails quite often. The veins lose their elasticity, the blood stagnates in the vessels and, bursting their walls, causes saccular expansion.

Nobility of varicose veins does not differ: the fair sex become its victims three times more often than men. And in Lately the disease became younger, affecting women 35-40 years old.

The main candidates for the risk group are people who spend most of their time in a standing or sitting position: teachers, surgeons, hairdressers, loaders, sellers. Contributes to the disease and prolonged exposure to the sun or warmth: for example, working in the kitchen or in the summer in the field, but doctors consider it to be the main reason for a genetic predisposition.

A strong impetus to the development of varicose veins is given by pregnancy and childbirth. During this period, hormonal changes occur in the woman's body, the frame of the walls of the veins softens. At the same time, the growing uterus can compress the veins in the pelvis and prevent the outflow of blood from the lower extremities, increasing the load on the veins.

Leggings, ankle boots, a belt, tights are very useful. Flower pollen will speed up recovery.

The problem of teachers' health is very relevant, first of all, because teachers are responsible persons in the education and training of the younger generation. In many ways, the success of the pedagogical process depends on how satisfactorily the teacher feels. After all, you see, it is very difficult to apply the theory of an individual approach in practice when you are worried about any ailments. Therefore, teachers should be very careful about their own health and remember that they are at risk of various occupational diseases.

Working at a school or university is a constant stress. Therefore, occupational diseases of teachers are mainly an unstable nervous system, diseases of the cardiovascular system, chronic fatigue, and neuropsychiatric diseases. It must be remembered that such diseases often occur due to the constant overload of the body and, accordingly, a decrease in immunity. It is good if the school provides a special room for psychological relief. And you can always install an aquarium at home - this is a wonderful corner of peace and tranquility. Such occupational diseases of teachers can be prevented by taking herbal sedatives.

Beanie. Card for the heart. Calcium

The next ailment that can overtake a teacher is throat diseases: laryngitis, pharyngitis. The profession obliges to speak a lot during the lesson. However, if you have a cold, you risk losing your voice at the end of the working day. Overexertion of the vocal cords and infection can have an unpredictable effect. At this time, it is best to give the children independent or test work on the cards.

Miracle "Diamond"

Violations of the functions of the musculoskeletal system are, unfortunately, also occupational diseases of school teachers and other educational institutions. Until late at night, teachers have to check the work of students, sitting in one position, most often uncomfortable. This can provoke osteochondrosis and other problems with the joints and spine. Make it a rule to do simple physical exercise during the day. interesting idea will arrange a five-minute break during the lesson to recharge with the students. This will defuse the tense atmosphere, give optimism and cheerfulness to both the teacher and the students.

Problems with the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, ulcers) are those professional diseases of teachers that arise as a result of malnutrition and a special, specific lifestyle. Having had a quick bite of a sandwich and hurrying to the lesson again, the teacher does not think about how his diet affects overall well-being. But the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is the basis for strengthening immunity.

Occupational diseases of businessmen

There is no need to convince the reader that the professional activity of an entrepreneur is associated with frequent stresses - today this seems obvious. Everyone knows what stress is. Less is known "among the people" about what consequences it brings. And these consequences, a distant echo of emotional upheavals suffered by a person, have an important impact not only on a person’s health, but also on his professional success. Especially if his activity is connected with the management of people and material resources, with the adoption of responsible decisions. That is why information about what stresses lead to and how to resist them is important for every entrepreneur.

Just as the body and soul of a person are inextricably linked, the negative impact of stress is reflected both in his mental and psychological state and in his bodily and physiological state. Let us list these manifestations, at least briefly. So, at the psychological level, the most typical traces of prolonged stress and accumulated unreacted negative emotions, so characteristic of entrepreneurial activity, serve:

a) Anxiety, anxiety. Especially characteristic of prolonged stress is the so-called free-floating, unmotivated anxiety, in other words, groundless fears about unlikely events that may never happen.

b) depressed mood (up to depression). Sharp mood swings are also possible, often accompanied by uncontrollable violent outbursts of emotions and splashing out of aggressiveness.

c) Groundless irritability and conflict, caused not by external causes, but by the internal state of a person.

d) Violation of emotional contacts and relationships with loved ones - from emotional coldness, insensitivity to open hostility.

e) The desire of a person to isolate himself from the surrounding reality, which does not meet his expectations.

At the bodily level, stress reactions are perhaps most pronounced. Often, due to lack of awareness, stress-related discomfort is perceived as symptoms of various diseases. At best, this causes fruitless visits to doctors; at worst, it can lead to a person leaving in an imaginary illness. Let's mention only the most frequent bodily manifestations of stress:

a) an increase in blood pressure, often occurring spasmodically and accompanied by a sensation of a surge of heat (“blood rushed to the head”). If a person at the same time falls into the field of view of physicians, then such emotional reactions can cause an erroneous diagnosis of hypertension and subsequent long-term attempts to unsuccessfully treat it.

b) Various pains, most often in the head (reminiscent of a migraine, sometimes accompanied by dizziness) and neck, in the heart (erroneously regarded as heart disease, especially if they are associated with palpitations or interruptions) and in the abdomen (imitating peptic ulcer).

c) Shortness of breath, sensation of "lump" in the throat, "interception" of the voice.

d) Violation of appetite - from a complete aversion to food to bouts of "wolf" hunger.

e) Sleep disturbances - insomnia or, conversely, drowsiness, which, however, does not bring proper rest. Sleep often becomes disturbing, restless due to unpleasant dreams.

f) Various sexual problems.

Naturally, the described psychological and bodily manifestations of stress eventually lead to a decrease in social activity and a decrease in efficiency. professional activity. First of all, this is due to constant (even at the beginning of the working day or after rest) and outwardly causeless fatigue associated with gradually accumulating exhaustion of the nervous system. The reason for the decrease in efficiency is also increased distractibility, the inability to concentrate.

The consequences of stress, such as anxiety and depression, also contribute detrimentally to the decline in work productivity. A person in this state sees everything in a gloomy light and is imbued with the expectation of negative events. He does not expect anything good from life, and life itself, as it were, adjusts to this pessimistic forecast. As a result, a person begins to pursue a kind of "unlucky syndrome" - he begins to get sick more often and longer, attract failures (both in professional activity and in his personal life), various incidents and accidents (including with a serious outcome).

Another dead end that long-term stress leads to is emotional and professional "burnout". This manifests itself as a loss of interest in work, manifested in the desire to perform their duties formally, without interest in end result, "anyhow". (Such a phenomenon is known among the people under the name "hack", "sack", etc. - perhaps, in no language other than Russian, there are so many synonyms for denoting an indifferent attitude to work). In advanced cases, it comes to disgust for work; sometimes even the very thought of that matter, which until recently seemed to be the meaning of all life, becomes hateful. Due to the emerging self-doubt among specialists and managers, there is a decrease in professional self-assessment, there are doubts and hesitations when it is necessary to make independent decisions. This leads to attempts to shift difficult decisions onto someone else's shoulders and thereby evade responsibility.

In search of a way out of such a crisis, a person grabs at "improvised" means, trying to relieve nervous tension with alcohol, nicotine (used in larger quantities than usual) or abusing drugs that calm the nervous system. And if the stressful situation drags on, then the consequences of such a method of "discharge" become obvious - from a means that helps at least for a short while to alleviate the acuteness of a psychological problem, giving temporary relief, it itself turns into a problem.

Another common way to avoid psychological problems, especially those associated with professional activities, is to pay even more attention to work, as they say, to go into it with your head. A person in this state is said to be a "workaholic".

At first glance, this way of relieving stress seems constructive. But only at first glance. On closer examination, the contradiction inherent in it becomes obvious - the fact is that this paradoxical method is built ... on self-deception. In essence, the main thing that a person is trying to achieve in this way is to get away from stress, deceiving himself with a far-fetched amount of work. In fact, the "workaholic" just subconsciously seeks to take all his time with work, load his brain with troublesome but mundane things in order not to think about other problems that are painful for him. So, for example, often a person tries to go headlong into work in order to distract himself from problems in his personal life.

Thus, workaholism in modern medicine is seen as a kind of disease, akin to alcoholism and other types of addictions ("drug addiction from work"). Differences from banal drunkenness are that although workaholism does noticeably less damage to health, it can nevertheless cause more damage to the professional, especially commercial activities. The fact is that, like many "real" diseases, workaholism is contagious. If the head of the company suffers from it, then he tries to extend this way of life to his entire organization.

What is the result? Alas, firms infected with workaholism always lose out to competitors in the long run. There are several reasons for this.

In a workaholic company, there is usually a problem of excessive control over the activities of employees, which actually covers up the uncertainty of the manager and his total distrust of employees. (In such cases, the "boss" usually adheres to the belief: "You can't rely on anyone. If you want to do something right, you have to do it yourself.") , not to offer new non-standard solutions (based on the belief that "initiative is punishable").

For this reason, the firm, whose motto is workaholism, is a closed system: it lacks flexibility. New information that conflicts with established views is simply not perceived in it. Employees, in order not to provoke criticism from their boss, unanimously try not to admit their own mistakes and refuse to notice existing problems, turn a blind eye to them until the last moment, convincing themselves and others: "Everything is in order in our office!" Therefore, such a firm lags behind the dynamically changing market situation and often “steps on the same rake” many times, returning to the same problems in its activities, instead of rebuilding its stereotypes and getting rid of problems.

Another problem of workaholism is the unrealistic desire to be the first in everything, even contrary to common sense. Hence the unrealistic claims, and "Napoleonic plans" (psychologists call this hypercompensation - as you know, Napoleon was a man of small stature. The desire for power helped him rise above others, at least in a figurative sense, and thereby compensate for his inferiority complex). At the firm level, such tendencies often develop into a striving for grandiosity, megalomania. In entrepreneurial activity, this can manifest itself, for example, in the desire to increase the inventory, regardless of the liquidity of the goods. Or strive to increase sales, regardless of the profitability of such activities. Or in freezing funds directed to ill-conceived investments associated with "large-scale" projects, so that "business has moved to the next level." Or in ineffective but costly advertising that influences the ego of the seller more than the behavior of the buyer.

A far-fetched "heroism" is inextricably linked with workaholism. Here we can recall the slogan from our recent past: "In life there is always a place for achievement." At the same time, ordinary, everyday work is presented as a "battle for the harvest", "battle with nature", etc. The favorite style of work for those who suffer from workaholism is to first create difficulties for themselves in order to then heroically overcome them. Such employees are always busy with vigorous activity to resolve the next emergency situations. For them, these crises themselves are simply vital, literally like air - and all in order to load themselves with work beyond the usual. As a result, an enterprise in which workaholics are "at the helm" is in a situation of chronic emergency work and an endless (although partly far-fetched) crisis.

To conclude our brief overview of the problem of stress and its relevance to entrepreneurs, it is necessary to give at least brief recommendations on how this problem can be solved.

Beanie. Calcium. Socks

Throughout the world, a system for detecting and treating occupational diseases has long been adopted. Thus, weavers and machine builders suffer from hearing disorders, miners and workers in hazardous industries suffer from diseases of the respiratory system. And only business representatives do not have well-defined occupational diseases. Although the typical "diseases of business" already exist.

Symptom #1: No fun

In the first place for business people, of course, are psychological problems. Chronic fatigue syndrome is familiar to every person engaged in intellectual work. Doctors even called it "manager's syndrome". Irritability, feeling of lack of time, anxiety, constant fear of doing something wrong, inability to relax, insomnia - these are the signs of the ill-fated syndrome.

It's no secret that entrepreneurship remains one of the most stressful areas of activity. In this case, stress as such may not be detected. But it is enough to take a closer look at the outwardly prosperous and always smiling entrepreneur - and the diagnosis will become clear.

The first place, along with stressful conditions in the list of diseases of businessmen, is shared by other nervous disorders - for example, neurosis. If you realize that you are fixated exclusively on work and have stopped noticing other joys of life, if you constantly feel that competitors are pressing you from all sides, that your own employees are trying to deceive you, then it's time to rest. In the truest sense of the word. Otherwise, in your illusions, you can reach absurd things that will only hurt the cause. And health.

Symptom number 2: both the heart and the stomach hurt

In second place are cardiovascular diseases: angina pectoris, hypertension. Recently, men of working age - 40-45 years old - are increasingly getting into hospitals with heart attacks, previously considered an senile illness. The reason lies mainly in nervous strain and inability or unwillingness to rest normally.

In third place - diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Many businessmen, although they have both money and opportunities, eat on the run and whatever. The direct and shortest way to gastritis and further to peptic ulcers.

By the way, pay attention to what you are sitting on. Many entrepreneurs, having achieved a certain financial well-being, first of all acquire their dream chair with a soft leather seat. And they take the first step towards a completely not funny disease - hemorrhoids.

Because for its development better conditions and you can’t think of: a sedentary lifestyle, plentiful food and long sitting on a soft surface - whether it’s an office chair or a car seat. As a result, the blood in the pelvis stagnates, which leads to inflammation of the hemorrhoids. Do not want extra hemorrhoids in your already stressful life - give up the easy chair.

Symptom number 3: demon in the rib

It is well known that in the second half of the nineties there was a surge in alcoholism among entrepreneurs. For some, it was caused by dizziness from success. Others tried to relieve stress in this way. The result of all the stories was the same - an appeal to doctors, and already at the stage of formed dependence. The businessmen were treated anonymously. Many of the "former alcoholics" after cleansing the body and coding and today continue to successfully and soberly conduct their business. True, there are those who have not managed to cope with addiction to drinking, sold their business or simply went bankrupt.

By the way, alcoholism is not a purely male prerogative. Very often, business women turn to doctors for help. It is much more difficult to treat them, because, as a rule, personal tragedies are added to the typically “professional” problems in women.

But the practice of venereologists says that “diseases of love” are among the risks of male businessmen, and of a certain age category. As a rule, venereal diseases are “catching” middle-aged and older entrepreneurs who have decided to fully appreciate the charms of their social and financial situation. “Gifts” in the form of chlamydia, gonorrhea and other nasty things are given to their benefactors by young mistresses and “escort” girls, in other words, highly paid prostitutes for VIPs. As a result, wealthy lovers with "gray hair" spend big money to get rid of venous diseases.

"Office" diseases: you need to know the enemy in person

You don't have to be a pilot or a tiger tamer for your profession to be considered hazardous to your health.

You can comfortably spend your days in the office, where you have easy chairs, air conditioning, a coffee machine and other benefits of civilization, but still make a lot of diseases. And without even noticing how it happened ...

I got up in the morning, quickly got ready and ran to work. During a break between chores, I drank a cup of coffee with my colleagues and had a bite of cookies. I was too carried away by the new project and didn’t have time to have lunch - okay, a bun bought in the passage and quickly eaten with another espresso will do ... A familiar situation?

Then do not be surprised when your stomach suddenly makes itself felt. Chronic diseases of the digestive system often punish the hasty office workers for malnutrition. It all starts with the fact that you refuse breakfast. At first, consciously - because she overslept or did the styling for too long. And then the desire to eat disappears completely, as a result, you get used to starting the working day on an empty stomach.

But in the office, your appetite still wakes up, as a result, you have a snack every hour - either candy, or cookies, or something else tasty. And while drinking sweet coffee. All these harmful things on an empty stomach from the night are a direct road to gastritis and ulcers. Well, if you add to this a penchant for fast food, which replaces a full meal, you can say goodbye to a normal metabolism. As well as with a good figure.

Haemorrhoids

Keep in mind that when we sit, the pressure on the spinal discs in the lumbar region increases 4 times. At the same time, the flabby muscles of the press do not support the spine at all, which means that he has to withstand this load on his own. As a result, the lower back bends, the stomach sags and the internal organs begin to shift.

And this cannot but affect all the processes taking place in the body, from digestion to bile formation. In addition, a sedentary lifestyle leads to vein thrombosis (which can result in a heart attack), circulatory disorders in the pelvic organs (sex life will then be covered with a copper basin) and hemorrhoids.

saggy chest

Many office workers complain of pain in the thoracic spine - as if a knife is stuck between the shoulder blades. Muscle spasm in this area leads to a curvature of the back. As a result, young ladies sitting in front of a computer for days on end acquire a characteristic stoop, shortness of breath and, alas, sagging breasts with age.

Migraine and dizziness

The main problem of office workers is physical inactivity, or inactivity. If during the whole working day you get up from your office chair only for urgent need, you can get a whole bunch of all kinds of diseases. First of all, a sedentary lifestyle begins to come back to haunt the overstrain of the cervical spine.

All those who work at the computer for a long time are well aware of the pulling pain in the neck and shoulders. But few people think about what consequences this unpleasant symptom can turn into. But problems in this area are fraught with circulatory disorders in the head, which, in turn, causes frequent migraines and even dizziness attacks.

dry eye

Not only a computer, but also an air conditioner and batteries, or rather, the air dehydrated by them, can cause damage to vision. This technique can cause the so-called "dry eye syndrome" - redness, burning and sensation of a foreign body. This is a serious disease that even leads to loss of vision.

To avoid such a development of events, buy special drops - vasoconstrictor or moisturizing. The former are the fastest and most effective way to defeat redness. However, they should not be carried away: use them only as a last resort, otherwise there is a risk that your eyes will get used to the drops and stop producing their own tear fluid.

Moisturizing preparations, close in composition to human tears, are suitable for daily use, but this does not mean that they can be instilled every hour: several times a day is enough to take care of your eyes.

By the way, preparations that do not contain preservatives are considered the most useful: due to their absence, drops are absolutely safe, but, alas, they are not stored for long and are expensive.

office allergy

From time to time, wipe the mouse, keyboard, telephone set with disinfectants - everything that you often have to touch with your hands. Remember, bacteria and viruses are on the alert! By the way, attention to hygiene will help you in the fight against such a disease as office allergies - runny nose and cough all year round. It is caused by toxic substances emitted by equipment (printer, scanner, etc.).

True, to finally defeat this disease with the help of wet cleaning fail. You will have to go to the doctor and select a remedy that reduces the sensitivity of the nasopharynx.

Attention!

If you do not want to put on glasses soon, do not forget that the distance from the eyes to the monitor should be 50-60 cm. Do not put the computer near a window or under a lamp, because it is harmful to look at the screen in too bright light. And let your eyes rest: every 40-45 minutes, cover them for at least 5 minutes.

Each employer is obliged to provide insurance to personnel not only against risks. The law imposes on them the obligation to provide insurance to employees against occupational diseases. This is due to the fact that sometimes working conditions provoke extremely negative consequences for the body. If performance labor functions due to such unfavorable conditions, then there is a high risk of getting either an exacerbation of a chronic disease, or earning the development of a new disease associated with professional activity.

What is an occupational disease

Dysfunction internal organs And important systems life, provoked harmful conditions work is called an occupational disease. The most common misconception is the substitution of the concepts of occupational illness and deterioration of health due to overwork or excessive physical activity during the work shift.

A typical example in this regard is the statement of emotional overstrain and general mental oppression among theater artists who serve long time. This dysfunction of the body is explained by the need to live someone's tragedy and drama. In addition, the consequences of an accident that led to a serious injury at work cannot be considered as an occupational disease.

An occupational disease is a functional disorder of the body, aggravated due to systematic contact with obviously harmful factors or substances, when performing job duties. In addition, this group includes a variety of complications associated with chronic abnormalities that already occur in the body.

Occupational pathologies are determined by the level of organization technological process. The statistics of occupational diseases is determined by the quality of workplace equipment and general conditions in production. This problem does not apply to purely medical matters.

Just as certain measures from the administration are required to prevent occupational injuries, the prevention of occupational diseases consists in the comprehensive provision of workers with acceptable working conditions.

According to existing legislation, the responsibility for prevention and for ensuring decent working conditions rests with the employer. It does not matter if it is a public or private enterprise.

Methods for diagnosing occupational diseases

Chronic occupational disease is an area of ​​research in occupational pathology. This science explores the mechanisms of occurrence and the picture of the disease, which arose as a result of the presence of industrial hazards.

Occupational pathology considers the following important questions:

• diagnostics;
• methods of treatment;
• set of preventive measures.

Moreover, the therapist analyzes disorders in the body. The initial diagnosis is based on the history. Then, in the medical card, all the features of the implementation are recorded. professional tasks and nuances of workplace organization.

Currently, there is a classification of the root causes of occupational diseases:

Based on the diagnostic data, the health worker ascertains an occupational disease or its absence.

Types of occupational diseases

Specialists distinguish between chronic and acute occupational diseases. Acute are those that provoke a one-time effect on the body of a shock dose of a poisonous substance. The fact of intense intoxication entails negative consequences up to death.

A chronic disease is formed if an employee has performed professional duties for a long period of time under the influence of negative factors on the body.

Specialists classify occupational diseases as follows:

• hypothermia / overheating caused by weather conditions;
• intoxication caused by toxic factors;
• convulsive illness caused by weather conditions;
• hypertensive crisis caused by pressure drops in the atmosphere;
• tuberculosis or candidiasis caused by biological factors;
• dust fibrosis caused by contact with dust;
• dust bronchitis caused by excess concentrations of organic dust in the atmosphere;
• bronchial asthma caused by contact with allergens, which include corrosive gases or solvents;
• venous diseases and thrombophlebitis caused by the need to perform professional duties while standing;
• hearing loss caused by working in conditions of elevated decibels;
• cataract caused by radiant energy;
• vibration disease caused by static tension of a group of muscles with monotonous body movements.

Workers are most often affected by occupational diseases large industries with harsh working conditions.

In the list of occupational diseases there are also diseases of teachers from systematic nervous stress. In addition, radiation sickness can also be characteristic of health workers serving patients in x-ray rooms.

How to apply for an occupational disease

Registration is carried out according to a certain algorithm. First of all, you need to make an appointment with a local therapist. This is the first step, it is needed to get a referral to the clinic for examination by specialists of narrow profiles.

After a rigorous physical examination (or a series of physical examinations), the diagnosis is determined.

The next steps involve:

1. Contacting Rospotrebnadzor. This body immediately begins an examination of the place of work.
2. Obtaining an extract from the labor inspector.
3. Obtaining an act of the commission on work.
4. Appeal to the pathological center (this is where the final conclusion is issued).

In order for the work of the pathological center to be as complete as possible, it is necessary to submit all the collected certificates and documents. In addition, for an objective conclusion of the center's specialists, a full range of analyzes and, possibly, additional studies are required.

How an occupational disease is investigated

The regulatory document that establishes the procedure for investigating occupational diseases is government decree number 967 (15.12.2000). It is relevant for:

• employees who perform duties under a civil law contract or under;
• students who pass through employment contract.

As soon as the diagnosis of an acute occupational disease is established, the clinic is obliged to send a notice to the sanitary biological supervision. In addition, the employer receives a corresponding notification.

The start of work to identify all the circumstances that provoke the disease should begin by employees of the sanitary and epidemiological supervision no later than 24 hours. Their duty is to draw up an objective description of compliance with the sanitary standard of the workplace. This descriptive characteristic is then forwarded to the medical facility.

The employer has the right to disagree with the conclusions. He can go to court, refuting the provisions of the sanitary and hygienic characteristics.

When establishing a chronic occupational disease, the medical institution will perform similar actions. In this case, 2 weeks are allotted for the formation of a sanitary-hygienic characteristic.

Then, within a month, the victim must be sent with all accompanying documents and certificates to a medical institution that has specialists in occupational pathology on its staff.

This is where the final diagnosis should be made.

Then (no later than 3 days later) the final diagnosis must be submitted:

• employer
• insurance fund;
• Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance;
• medical institution.

The employer has 2 weeks to set up a commission of inquiry.

It includes:

• legal representative of the employer or the production manager himself;
• representative of the department of labor protection;
• trade union members;
• company health worker.

3 days are allotted for drawing up an act based on the results of the commission's work. The act must have 5 copies, which are sent to all of the above authorities. At the same time, the act should reflect information about the degree of guilt of the victim (up to 25 percent). Situations are allowed in which the victim himself provoked the harm by non-compliance with safety regulations or non-compliance with the sanitary standard during the performance of labor duties.

The act on the presence of an occupational disease with all accompanying documents is kept for 75 years in the institution that carried out the investigation.

The commission aims not only to find out an objective picture of what happened to this particular employee. Sanitary and epidemiological supervision specialists should develop recommendations for the implementation of a set of measures that will prevent the occurrence of similar cases in the future.

Occupational disease: what payments and benefits

The final stage is the work of the insurance company. It subjects all submitted documents to scrupulous monitoring to make a decision on whether this is an insured event.

A positive decision is made if the diagnosis was made during the validity of the employment contract. Accordingly, due to temporary or partial disability, the employer pays a certain amount of compensation.

All accruals are made upon the provision of sick leave, in which the established illness is directly correlated with the professional duties of the employee.

If all the formalities are met, the victim has the right to count on:

• lump sum allowance;
• monthly payments in the absence of the opportunity to continue working.

In the event of the death of an employee, payments are due to his relatives. If the employee has lost the practical opportunity to work in his specialty, then he is entitled to a one-time compensation. It is determined by the depth of the disease and the degree of disability.

For all calculations, the actual size wages, which the employee ceased to receive due to illness or disability.

Retirement age may come earlier if the specialist states the presence of an occupational disease. Moreover, the occupational disease pension, as a rule, is more than usual.

In addition, the victim can count on receiving benefits from the employer. At the same time, he is entitled to additional social protection in the form of providing a means of transportation due to disability (as needed).

Finally, every victim has the right to legal services for further rehabilitation.

People working in hazardous and hazardous industries very often inherit chronic occupational diseases. Such a “tribute” to beloved work, as a rule, is compensated by the state in the form of a monthly financial assistance. However, for this it is necessary to prove the nature of the disease, as well as to document everything in a timely manner. Let's see what is needed for this.

The procedure for conducting medical examinations, the list of diseases, as well as the rights and obligations of the employer are described in the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for conducting medical examinations and the regulations for admission to the profession."

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• medical card;
• passport documents;
• extract from the outpatient card;
• the conclusion of the local therapist on the results of a full examination;
• referral to ITU;
• act of the inspector for labor protection from the place of work;
• the conclusion of the trade union of your enterprise;
• application for ITU.

With a positive result of the commission, you receive a conclusion on the basis of which disability is subsequently established. Having confirmed the professional nature of the disease, you have every right to receive financial assistance from the state.

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If you were refused when passing the commission, do not be upset. Statistics show that litigation in this case very often brings a positive result. But here you can not do without an experienced lawyer who will help you prove the fact of an occupational disease.

Settling in new job, we do not always think about what consequences this can lead to for our body.

According to statistics, today in Russia a fifth of the female population is involved in hazardous industries. Working in such conditions can lead to the emergence of various kinds of occupational diseases.

What are occupational diseases. Their types and classification

Occupational diseases are diseases that have arisen in an employee as a result of inappropriate working conditions at the enterprise.

Distinguish acute and chronic occupational diseases.

The former include those that occur during long-term work in production, when the human body was systematically affected by various negative factors. The second type of occupational diseases includes those that occur after a single exposure to the body of a large dose of a chemical, which leads to severe intoxication and threatens human life.

There are several groups of occupational diseases. These include:

Outside of the above classification, the following can be noted diseases:

• cancer,
• various kinds of allergies;
• diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

The procedure for the employee and employer in the event of an occupational disease

In order for an employee to start receiving compensation or other payments that he will need to pay for his own treatment, he needs a specially created by the director of the plant commission. It all starts with the fact that the employee is given a preliminary diagnosis. He provides this document to his boss within 24 hours, and is also sent to Rospotrebnadzor. You can also refer to e-mail, registered letter or by phone.

With intoxication groups of people conclusions are drawn up for each person separately. In cases with lethal outcome due to intoxication of the body, Rospotrebnadzor is notified by the institution of the medical examination court immediately by phone or by e-mail. After notification of acute poisoning, the clarification of the circumstances begins.

Rospotrebnadzor carefully examines the working conditions of the employee, after which draws up an act and sends the victim to the territorial health care institution; informs the local state labor inspector about the incident. Further, the health care institution, after studying all the data sent, makes its diagnosis, and within three days it must send a notice in which it indicates the final diagnosis of the occupational disease and the reasons that could cause it:

The results are sent in a certain form, which is established by the current legislation Russian Federation. In turn, the director of the enterprise in his production, after receiving the results, must, within 10 working days, by his order, organize a commission that will investigate all the circumstances that provoked the employee to develop an occupational disease.

In order for the commission to be able to carry out its work qualitatively and in a timely manner, enterprise director should contribute to it as much as possible, namely:

• show the commission all the materials about the conditions in which the victim carried out his activities;
• if necessary, take on all the costs of the examination, if required by the commission;
• ensure the safety of all documents required by the commission.

BUT commission members should qualitatively research workplace sick employee, interview other employees at the audited enterprise. Also, the commission must identify the perpetrators who allowed unfavorable working conditions. After that, the commission sums up the results and identifies the main reasons that caused health problems working in such conditions.

After the investigation ends, the commission within three days must draw up an act in accordance with the established form, where it is obliged to state the results of its verification.

The investigation procedure at the enterprise of two different types occupational diseases differ little from each other. The only difference is that the investigation of a chronic illness is carried out at the last place of work of the victim. And the investigation of an acute occupational disease is carried out in the organization to which the employee was sent to perform a specific type of work, and the commission, accordingly, will have to be formed at the same enterprise, and not where the victim was registered. And if an employee who was diagnosed with an acute occupational disease worked part-time, then the investigation is carried out at the place of work. An employee, if desired, can also participate in the audit, and if he cannot do this, then another person can replace him.

After carrying out all the verification work, an act is drawn up, which is certified by the signatures of all those who took part in the verification, and a seal is affixed, after which sent:

The insurance organization examines the submitted documents and determines whether the case is insured, after which a decision is made on whether to pay compensation to the victim or not.

An employee is considered insured only when an occupational disease was established in him during the period of his work. professional duties according to the employment contract.

Insurance

An insured event is a case when the insured person temporarily loses his ability to work.

Then the employer must pay certain sum of money for partial disability. Payments can only be made if a certificate of incapacity for work is provided, where clearly defined relationship diseases of an employee with his profession. Otherwise, the director has no obligations to the insured employee and does not have to make payments to his account.

If the disability certificate is sent in a timely manner, then the allowance is assigned no later than six months to determine the disability of the victim. Also, the insurer does not bear any obligations to the insured employee in the event that at least one of the signs of the insured event is not confirmed during the examination.

What payments must an employer make to an employee?

In case of disability due to an occupational disease, the employee can count on the following: types of compensation:

Payments that produced once are assigned:

• in case of death. And produced by the next of kin;
• in the event of a complete loss of the opportunity to perform their professional activities. The amount of the lump-sum compensation is set as a percentage, depending on the degree of disability of the insured.

Calculation and accrual procedure

Calculations are made from the maximum amount that was set for such payments for the current financial year Social Insurance Fund Russian Federation. In the event of the death of the victim, this amount is paid in full size in equal parts to those who were dependent on the insured and who are entitled to this payment.

At monthly payments the amount of loss of earnings of an employee who, due to an occupational disease, has lost his ability to work or in the event of a death, is taken into account.

The monthly payment is calculated in direct proportion to the degree of injury received from the average earnings of the insured, which he received before the occurrence of the insured event. If the insured event is a chronic occupational disease, then payments can be made according to the calculation of the income of the victim for the last twelve months of work, due to which the employee lost his ability to work.

The monthly payment is indexed without fail, taking into account the level of inflation.

Benefits and assistance from the employer

If an employee of an enterprise, as a result of performing his activities, has earned an occupational disease that entailed, he can count not only on payments in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, but also on the provision of certain ones.

After the fact of disability due to the professional activity of the employee is established by the bodies listed at the beginning of the article, the amount of payments is determined, additional protection measures are applied, and the need for additional mobile equipment is also determined.

In such cases, not only financial support, and various types are provided legal advice, rehabilitation, if the victim needs it.

About insurance and compensation in case of getting an occupational disease, see the following video: