How to learn to draw up a detailed plan for social studies?
The student is offered draw up a plan not according to the text, but to the proposed topic,just as a schoolboy draws up a plan for his future abstract or design work on the chosen topic.

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C8. DEVELOPING A DETAILED ANSWER PLAN ON SOCIAL STUDIES. How to learn to draw up a detailed plan for social studies? The student is invited to draw up a plan not according to the text, but to the proposed topic, just as a schoolboy draws up a plan for his future abstract or project work on a chosen topic.

C 8. You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Taxes and their impact on the country's economy." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic 1. The concept of taxes and their types: a) direct; b) indirect. 2. Taxation systems: a) proportional; b) progressive; c) regressive. 3. The impact of taxes on the country's economy, manifested through the implementation of the following functions: a) fiscal; b) partial redistribution of income; c) regulation of economic relations; d) stimulating; e) control, etc. 4. The impact of taxes on supply and demand as one of the aspects of the impact on the country's economy. 5. Influence of the state tax policy on investment activity in the country The answer must necessarily reflect the provisions of paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of the plan in this or a similar wording. The presence of these points of the plan will reveal the content of this topic on the merits.

Evaluation system The wording of the points of the plan is correct and allows you to reveal the content of the topic on the merits (the provisions of at least two of the points of the plan noted above are reflected). The structure of the answer corresponds to a plan of a complex type (contains at least three points, two of which are detailed) 3 The wording of the points of the plan is correct and allows you to reveal the content of the topic in essence (the provisions of at least two of the points of the plan noted above are reflected). One of the points of the plan is detailed in sub-points. OR The wording of the points of the plan is correct and allows you to reveal the content of the topic (the provisions of the two points of the plan noted above are reflected). The plan includes two points, each of which is detailed in sub-points. 2 The wording of the points of the plan is correct and allows revealing the content of the specified topic (the provisions of at least two of the points of the plan noted above are reflected). The plan is simple in its structure and contains at least three paragraphs 1 The plan in terms of structure and (or) content does not cover the specified topic (including a set of abstract formulations that do not reflect the specifics of the content of this topic). OR The plan is simple in its structure and contains one or two points 0 Maximum score 3

When completing task C8, not only knowledge of the content is checked, but also the ability to build the logic of the content. The graduate should be able to formulate the points of the plan. And for this you need to select the right material.

The condition for completing this task: 1. System knowledge on the topic 2. Deep knowledge on the topic 3. Volumetric knowledge on the topic 4. Versatile knowledge on the topic 5. Attracting in-course material 6. Attracting material from related academic disciplines 7. Attracting operational knowledge obtained from Mass media 8. Building the logic of the content 9. Formulating the points of the plan 10. Select for the formulated thesis an aspect of the topic, behind which is the content that needs to be disclosed.

Topic classification

The first group: a) wide "single-object", b) wide "single-object", c) wide "single-component" 1. C8: You are to speak at a school conference on the problem: "Human activity in its diversity". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 2. S8: You were instructed to prepare a report on the problem: "Man's knowledge of the world and himself." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 3…..“Taxes and their role in modern economy Russia". 4….. "Civil Society". 5……"Activity as a way of people's existence".

Variant of the plan Civil society. 1. The concept of civil society; 2. History of the development of civil society; 3. Types of relations between power and society: a) horizontal; b) vertical; 4. Structure of civil society: a) market economy; b) socio-cultural relations; c) interest associations; 5 . Power in civil society - local self-government; 6. The role of civil society in the state. Variant of the plan: Activities as a way of people's existence. 1 .The concept of activity 2 . Distinctive features human activity from animal behavior 3 .Structure of activity a) goal b) means c) action d) result 4 .Main activities a) practical b) spiritual 5 . The role of activity in the life of society and man

Algorithm No. 1: drawing up a detailed plan for the proposed "broad single-object" topic 1. concept (definition) of the object; 2. main features (features, properties, traits) of the object: a) the first feature of the object; b) the second attribute of the object; c) the third attribute of the object 3. Typology (types, classification, forms, styles, varieties) of the object: a) type (kind, class, form, style, variety) of the object; b) type (kind, class, form, style, variety) of the object; c) type (kind, class, form, style, variety) of the object; 4. main (basic) functions of the object: a) the first function of the object; b) the second function of the object; c) the third function of the object 5. problems of the development of the object (development trends ..., main directions of development ..., development specifics ...). 6. object policy in modern Russia(world..., Europe...). Obviously, such a scheme can be applied to almost any topic of the first type.

The second group: a) narrow "single-object" b) narrow "single-object", c) narrow "single-component" Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 2.C8: You have been assigned to write an article for the school newspaper on the problem: "Science in the life of modern society." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 3. C8: You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the problem: "Religion as a form of spiritual culture." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 4. C8: presentations at the seminar you need to prepare a detailed answer on the problem: "Interpersonal conflicts and how to resolve them." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 5. S8: You need to write creative work on the issue: "Education as a social value". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 6. S8: You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "The environmental crisis as a global problem of our time." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

Variant of the plan: The state is a social institution. one . The concept of a social institution. 2. Essence and types of social institutions: a) state b) school c) political party 3. The state is the most important social institution. 4 . The state - as a set of social institutions. 5 . Functions of the institution of the state: a) the concepts of the functions of the institution of the state; b) classification of the institute's functions; c) internal and external functions of the institution of the state. 6. The relationship of social institutions. 7. State and civil society. 8. Trends in the development of the state as a social institution in modern Russia. Variant of the plan: Ecological crisis as a global problem of our time. 1. The concept of global problems of mankind. 2. Some types of global problems of mankind. a) thousands of species of plants and animals have been destroyed and continue to be destroyed; b) the forest cover has been largely destroyed; c) the available stock of minerals is rapidly declining; d) the world ocean is not only depleted as a result of the destruction of living organisms, but also ceases to be a regulator of natural processes; 3. The essence of the ecological crisis and its connection with others global issues 4 . Causes of the ecological crisis. a) the unrestrained and very rapid growth of the world's population b) imperfect agricultural and industrial technologies c) the frivolity of mankind and the neglect of the laws of the development of the biosphere 5 . Manifestations and consequences of the ecological crisis 6. Ways to overcome the ecological crisis. a) changing the attitude of people to nature; b) science in the service of ecology; c) the "green" movement.

Algorithm No. 2: drawing up a detailed plan for the proposed “narrow single-object” topic: 1. concept (definition) of the object 2. properties of the object a) b) 3. causes of the object 4. typology (types, classification, forms, styles, varieties) of the object a) type (kind, classification, forms, styles) of the object b) type (kind, classification, forms, styles) of the object c) type (kind, classification, forms, styles) of the object 5. structure of the object 6. development problems of the object (trends) development…, main directions of development…, specifics of development…, features of development…, ways of overcoming..)

The third group: a) “Multiple” b) “Two-component” c) “Different objects” d) “Multi-component” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 2.C8: You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the problem: "Biological and social in man." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. 3.C8: You are a participant in the competition of high school research projects with a report on the topic: "Economic freedom and social responsibility". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

Variant of the plan: Summer and winter time: pros and cons. 1. The concept of summer and winter time; 2. The problem of introducing summer and winter time in the world; 3. Reasons for the introduction of winter and summer time; a) administrative reasons; b) social causes; c) economic reasons; 4. Some consequences of the introduction of winter and summer time in Russia - positive and negative: a) for the country's economy; b) for human health; c) to govern the country; 5. Prospects for the existence of winter and summer time in modern Russia. Plan option: Economic freedom and social responsibility. 1. Concept: a) economic freedom; b) social responsibility; 2. Forms of economic freedom: a) entrepreneurship; b) business; 3. The mechanism for the implementation of economic freedom and social responsibility in various types societies: a) traditional society b) industrial society; c) post-industrial society; 4. Problems of the relationship between economic freedom and social responsibility; 5. Problems of development of economic freedom and social responsibility in modern Russia.

Algorithm No. 3. Drawing up a detailed plan for a "multi-object" topic. . 1. concept (definition) of object No. 1; 2. concept (definition) of object No. 2 ... No. 3 ... No. 4; 3. properties (structure) of objects: a) property No. 1; b) 4. reasons for the interaction (interdependence, mutual exclusion) of objects: a) reason No. 1 b) reason No. 2 5. interaction of objects; 6. problems of development of objects (development trends ..., main directions of development ..., development specifics ..., development features ..., ways to overcome ...) in modern Russia.

Pedagogical methods and techniques: 1. Actualization of knowledge about the types of plans. 2. Educational lecture. 3. Logic scheme. 4. Work with the table of contents of the textbook. 5. Work with ready-made plans. 6. Make a complex plan for a fairy tale. 7. Compilation of crossword puzzles. 8. Debate method. 9. Lessons-courts, lessons-press conferences. 10. Collections 10.1. topic 10.2. ready plans 10.3.algorithms

Conclusion: Experience shows that students are much better at folding information than the reverse operation of unfolding it. A student can learn quite well to organize, systematize information, present information in the form of diagrams, tables (although this is more difficult), drawings, clusters, but it is more difficult to teach it to extract. There is asymmetry in these types of activities. Drawing up detailed plans for the proposed topic belongs to this issue. This article is due to an attempt to teach the student to manage information - to deploy it.

List of sources FIPI analytical report on USE results– 2010. Rutkovskaya E.A., Kotova O.A., Liskova T.E. Excellent student of the exam. Social science. Solving complex tasks. FIPI. - M.: Intellect - Center, 2010. 3. Simonovich S., Evseev G., Alekseev A., General informatics. 5-9 grade. Moscow, ASTpress, 1999. 4. Zagashev I.O., -Bek S.I., Mushtavinskaya I.V., “Teaching children to think critically”, St. Petersburg: Alliance Delta Publishing House, 2003. 5. Pliner Ya.G., Bukhvalov V.A., Pedagogical examination of the school, M., Pedagogical search, 2000. 6. Slabunova E.E., information culture in the concept of lyceum education, VIO magazine, No. 29, 10.09.05. 7. Kondakov N.I., Logical dictionary - reference book, M., Science, 1976. 8. Babaitseva V.V. Russian language. Theory 5-11 grades 9. Nikitina E.I. Russian speech. didactic material. 10. Materials of the FIPI website (http://www.fipi.ru) 11.Khalin S.M. Methodology public speaking: Tutorial. 2nd ed., revised. Tyumen: Tyumen State. un-t, 2006. 12. Forum "Applicant ... PRO"

One of most effective ways development of logical thinking while working with the educational text is drawing up a plan for it. Plans can be: Simple - conveys only basic information in a very summary; its task is to help highlight the main thing in the text, to understand the historical fact in a logically holistic way. Expanded - contains more complete, concretizing information. Picture - allows you to reproduce the details of the main historical fact extremely emotionally and colorfully. Semantic - involve the enumeration of the main, essential features, provisions that characterize the historical fact: causes, consequences, historical meaning. Stereotypical - they help to consider homogeneous historical facts in a certain algorithm, to identify them common features and features. Thesis - involves the listing of significant aspects, signs, consequences of single facts that have no analogues in history. APPENDIX №1. “... Method is the art of a teacher to direct the thoughts of students in the right direction and organize work according to the planned plan ...” Pre-revolutionary methodological guide

Simple Complex (expanded) The title of each section (part) of a paragraph is written under the corresponding serial number. For each section (part) of the paragraph, a plan is drawn up that clarifies its content. The goals of drawing up the plan: 1) systematization of information 2) working out the clarity of the wording 3) development of visual memory. 1. Work on the plan always begins with writing in the notebook the title and indicating the number of the paragraph (the topic is highlighted or underlined). 2. The plan can be: APPENDIX No. 2. MEMO on drawing up a plan The wording in the plan should be concise and clear, but at the same time should contain information that is mandatory for memorization. 2. The structure of the plan should be extremely clear. For this, the numbering of sections, paragraphs and subparagraphs is used. A logical chain is the construction of reasoning by arranging the elements of this reasoning in a logical sequence. The teacher can for the first time offer students ready-made answers, and the student will only have to put them in a logical sequence. The next step can be a logical chain in which only the first and last links are completed, and students (for example, working with a small text of a textbook) must fill in 3-4 links on their own.

APPENDIX No. 3 When compiling complex plan you can use the following recommendations: 1. Mentally imagine all the studied material, revealing the content of the proposed topic. 2. Divide it into parts according to meaning, in each of them define main idea. 3. Name these parts, choosing headings, replace verbs with nouns. 4. Analyze the resulting plan: A) Were all aspects of the problem reflected in it? B) Are the wording of the points of the plan correct in terms of their relevance to the given topic and clarity of expression? 5. Mentally justify for yourself the logical sequence of presentation of the material on this issue. Decisive factor effective use in the process of teaching different types of USE tasks, the professionalism of the teacher comes into play, in particular, his ability to competently apply various teaching methods and private techniques. In order to ensure differentiated preparation for the exam, it is advisable to conduct diagnostic thematic and intermediate testing in the final grades (upon completion of the study of topics and major sections), while the results of each student's work are compared and recorded the dynamics of mastering both knowledge and skills (methods of activity).

1. Detailed answer on the topic"Political Power as social phenomenon

1. Power as a key moment of politics.

2. The connection of power with influence, strength, wealth, authority, etc.

3. Characteristics of political power:

a) legality (legality);

b) legitimacy.

4. Tints of legitimacy:

a) traditional

b) rational (legal);

c) charismatic.

5. Power resources:

a) utilitarian;

b) forced;

c) normative;

d) information, etc.

6. Functions of political power.

7. Effectiveness of political power

2. A detailed answer on the topic: "The electoral system."

1. The concept of the electoral system.

2. Structure of the electoral system:

a) suffrage;

b) the electoral process.

3. Suffrage and its characteristics:

a) principles of suffrage (universal direct suffrage by secret ballot);

b) the political right to elect and be elected to bodies state power and local government;

c) sources of suffrage.

4. The electoral process and its stages:

a) preparatory (setting the date of elections, registration and registration of voters);

b) nomination and registration of candidates;

c) election campaigning and financing of elections;

5. Types of electoral systems:

a) majoritarian;

b) proportional;

c) mixed.

3. a detailed answer on the topic “Types of electoral systems".

1. The concept of the electoral system.

2. Components of the electoral system:

a) suffrage

b) electoral process

3. Features of the typology of electoral systems:

a) an elected authority;

b) principles of formation of a representative body of power;

c) the procedure for distribution of mandates based on the voting results;

3. Majoritarian electoral system and its features:

a) nomination of a specific person as a candidate

b) establishing direct responsibility to voters

c) those who receive a small minority of votes may not be represented in parliament

4. Proportional system and its features:

a) voting for party lists of candidates;

b) a guarantee of representation in parliament of small and medium-sized parties;

5. Majority-proportional system (mixed) and its features.

a) the formation of a truly representative parliament

b) parties do not fully reflect the interests of voters.

4. detailed answer on the topic "Suffrage in RF: legal bases.

1. Suffrage of citizens of the Russian Federation:

a) the right to vote (active);

b) the right to be elected (passive).

2. Sources of suffrage in the Russian Federation:

a) the Constitution of the Russian Federation;

b) federal constitutional laws;

in) federal laws;

d) normative legal acts of subjects of the Russian Federation on elections.

3. Constitutional principles of suffrage:

a) universal suffrage;

b) equal suffrage;

c) direct suffrage;

e) voluntariness of participation in elections.

4. The procedure for the election of the President of the Russian Federation.

5. Legislative regulation of elections in State Duma RF.

6. Elections to bodies local government.

5. A detailed answer on the topic "Political organizations".

1. Political parties:

a) definition and characteristics; b) typology of political parties;

c) functions of political parties.

2. Socio-political movements:

a) definition and characteristics;

b) the functions of socio-political movements.

3. Legislation of the Russian Federation on political organizations.

4. Trends in the development of political organizations in modern society.

6. You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Institute presidency in the Russian Federation.

1. The President of the Russian Federation as the guarantor of the Constitution.

2. Constitutional and legal status of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) legal regulations determining the procedure for the election and entry into office of the President of the Russian Federation;

b) legal norms establishing the competence of the President of the Russian Federation;

c) legal norms regulating the procedure for terminating the powers of the President of the Russian Federation;

3. The main functions of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen;

b) take measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity;

c) ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of public authorities;

d) determines the main directions of internal and foreign policy states;

e) represents the Russian Federation within the country and in international relations and etc.

4. Requirements imposed by law on candidates for the post of the Russian Federation:

a) citizenship of the Russian Federation;

b) permanent residence in the Russian Federation for at least 10 years;

c) age limit - not less than 35 years.

5. The procedure for the election and activities of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) nomination and collection of signatures of voters;

b) a candidate who receives more than half the votes of the voters who took part in the voting is recognized as elected;

c) the powers of the President of the Russian Federation end with the expiration of the period (6 years) for which he was elected, at the time of taking the oath by the newly elected President of the Russian Federation;

d) the same person cannot hold this position for more than two consecutive terms, etc.

6. Institute of presidency and tendencies to strengthen the constitutional order in the Russian Federation.

7. A detailed answer on the topic "Rule of Law".

1. The concept of the rule of law.

2. Human rights as the main value of the rule of law:

a) the right to life;

b) equality before the law and court;

c) the right to dignity;

d) the right to housing;

e) the right to national self-determination, etc.

3. Signs of the rule of law:

a) a fundamental feature - the rule of law in society;

b) obedience to the law of all participants public relations(including states);

c) humanity and justice of laws, recognition of the rights and freedoms of the individual

r) obligatory implementation of the principle of separation of powers in state policy, the division of legislative, executive and judicial powers);

e) high legal culture.

4. Formation of the rule of law in Russia

8. A detailed answer on the topic “The Constitution of the Russian Federation on form of the state." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic

1. RF as a democratic state,

a) the people are the source of power:

b) ideological and political diversity in the Russian Federation;

c) guarantees of the rights and freedoms of citizens.

2. RF as a state with a republican form of government.

3. RF as a federal state. Principles of federalism:

a) equality of subjects of the Russian Federation;

b) self-determination of peoples;

c) state integrity;

d) the unity of the system of state power;

e) division of powers between federal authorities and bodies of subjects.

4. RF - the rule of law. Separation of powers.

9. detailed answer on the topic "The role of political elites in the life of society.

1) Who is called the political elite:

a) the concept of political elite;

b) the composition of the political elite.

2) Factors in the formation of the political elite.

3) Functions of the political elite:

a) determination of strategic goals for the development of society;

b) production public policy;

c) maintaining the political stability of society;

d) analysis of the interests of various social groups and etc.

4) Types of political elites:

a) national, regional, local;

b) ruling and non-ruling (counter-elite).

5) Groups of political influence.

10. detailed answer on the topic "How organized power in a democratic state?

1. Separation of powers as an attribute of a democratic society:

a) the legislature;

b) executive power;

c) the judiciary.

2. Characteristics of the representative bodies of state power:

a) structure;

b) formation of the parliament;

c) basic functions, etc.

3. Executive authorities:

a) the structure of the executive power;

b) the main functions of executive authorities;

c) the government in the system of executive authorities, the procedure for its formation.

4. The role of the judiciary in a democratic state.

5. System law enforcement states.

11. detailed answer on the topic "National politics

1. What is "national policy" and what is its role in the life of society?

2. Goals and direction of inhumane national policy in totalitarian states:

a) upholding "ethnic purity";

b) inciting racial hatred;

c) violence in the interests of the domination of their state.

a) legislative consolidation of a respectful attitude towards people of any nationality;

b) the creation of the most favorable conditions for the free development of all peoples;

c) coordination of national interests;

d) prevention and humane resolution of interethnic conflicts.

4. The main principles of the state national policy of modern Russia:

a) equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen;

b) prohibition of any form of discrimination;

c) preservation of the historical integrity of the country, equality of all subjects of the Russian Federation;

d) development assistance national cultures and languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation;

e) timely and peaceful resolution of national contradictions and conflicts;

f) prohibition of activities aimed at inciting any discord, hatred or enmity;

g) protection of the rights and interests of Russian citizens abroad (support for compatriots living

in foreign countries).

5. The threat of nationalism and ways to overcome it.

12. A detailed answer on the topic: “Activities people and its diversity.

1. The concept of activity.

2. Structure of activity:

a) the subject;

b) object

d) ways to achieve the goal;

e) results.

3.Motivation of activity.

4. Activities:

a) practical and spiritual; b) work, teaching (knowledge), play;

c) creative and non-creative activities;

d) creative and destructive activity.

13. A detailed answer on the topic “Family economy".

1. Sources of family income:

a) wage;

b) profit

G) bank interest by deposit;

e) dividends;

f) income from the sale of products produced in the subsidiary farm, etc.

2. Types of families depending on income:

a) families with a fixed income; b) families with variable incomes.

3. Nominal and real family income.

4. Structure of family expenses:

a) rent and fees public utilities;

b) food; c) transportation costs;

d) major purchases (acquisition household appliances, clothing, etc.).

5. Differences in the wealth of families and their smoothing by the state.

6. Influence of inflation on family incomes.

14. Detailed answer on the topic"Activity and Thinking"

1. Activity as a way of life of a person and society.

2. Structure of activity:

a) the subject;

b) object;

d) motives;

e) actions;

f) result.

3. Activities

a) labor; b) cognitive; c) aesthetic, etc.

4. Thinking as a process of cognitive activity.

5. Thinking is the basis of rational knowledge.

6. Types of thinking:

a) verbal-logical; b) visual-figurative; c) visual and effective.

15. A detailed answer on the topic “Social mobility"..

1) Concept social mobility.

2) Factors affecting social mobility.

3) Types of social mobility:

a) vertical, horizontal;

b) group, individual.

4) Social lifts:

a) business;

d) church, etc.

16. A detailed answer on the topic "Society"

1. The concept of society as a set of historical forms joint activities of people.

2. Spheres of public life as elements of the structure of society:

a) economic sphere;

b) political sphere;

in) social sphere;

d) the spiritual realm.

3. Social (public) institutions in the structure of society and its individual areas:

a) family; b) school; c) the state, etc.

17. A detailed answer on the topic "Unemployment".

1. The essence of unemployment.

2. Structure of unemployment:

a) persons dismissed for various reasons;

b) persons who voluntarily left work;

c) persons entering the labor market for the first time;

d) persons who entered the labor market after a break.

3. Types of unemployment:

a) frictional, cyclic, structural;

b) open, hidden;

c) full, partial.

4. Scale of unemployment

5.Methods of combating unemployment

18. A detailed answer on the topic “Spiritual values ​​as component of the spiritual culture of society

1. The concept of the spiritual culture of society.

2. Creation of spiritual values:

a) scientific activity;

b) literature and art;

c) religious teachings;

d) folk wisdom in epic and folklore, etc.

3. Preservation and dissemination of spiritual values:

a) the role of museums in the preservation and dissemination of spiritual

values;

b) the role of libraries;

c) the role of archives;

d) the role of the school;

e) the role of the mass media (media).

4. The role of spiritual values ​​in the development of society.

19. a detailed answer on the topic “Knowledge is a process of do spiritual mastery of the material world by man.

1) The concept of knowledge. Cognition is the process of comprehension by a person of objects and phenomena of the material world.

2) Goals of knowledge:

a) comprehension of the truth;

b) practical use.

3) The structure of the process of cognition:

a) sensory cognition (sensation, perception, representation);

b) logical knowledge (concept, judgment, conclusion).

4) The interaction of the cognizing subject and the cognized object in the process of cognition.

5) Knowledge as a result of cognition.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.

20. a detailed answer to the topic “Do we know world?".

1. The historical aspect of the need for knowledge of the world:

a) mythological explanation of being;

b) religious explanation of being;

c) scientific explanation of being.

2. Different views on the cognizability of the world:

a) epistemological optimism;

b) skepticism;

c) agnosticism.

3. Levels (steps) of knowledge:

a) sensual;

b) rational.

4. Dispute about the criteria of truth:

a) positions of empiricists;

b) positions of rationalists.

5. Features of sensory cognition:

a) direct interaction with the object of knowledge;

b) visibility and objectivity;

c) reproduction of individual aspects and properties of objects.

6. Features of rational knowledge:

a) reliance on the results of sensory cognition;

b) abstractness and generalization;

c) a reflection of the essence of the subject, its internal regular connections.

21. a detailed answer on the topic “Family as a social institution

1) The concept of family.

2) Family functions:

a) reproductive; b) economic; c) socialization, etc.

3) Rights and obligations of family members.

4) Types of families:

a) patriarchal, democratic; b) many knee-deep, nuclear.

5) Family resources: a) economic; b) information, etc.

1. The concept of the law of supply.

2. Factors affecting the offer:

a) resource prices

b) changes in production technology

c) taxes and grants

3. Supply curve

4. The elasticity of supply is affected by:

a) coefficient of elasticity

b) the percentage of change in the proposed product

c) percentage of price change

5. Knowledge of the laws of economics is the basis for successful business

23. detailed answer on the topic "Gross domestic product".

1. Definition of the concept of GDP - a macroeconomic indicator that reflects market value all final goods and services.

2. Methods for calculating GDP.

a) Calculation of income. b) Calculation of expenses.

3. Expression of GDP.

a) Nominal GDP. b) Real GDP.

c) National currency, currency ratio, currency exchange.

4. GDP and GNP.

a) GNP as the main indicator of the state of the economy (until 1991).

b) The value of the GDP indicator for the country.

5. Calculation of GDP per capita.

24. A detailed answer on the topic “Money and problems de tender treatment."

1. Theory of money.

A) The emergence of the form of value and the emergence of money.

B) the essence of money.

C) Price as a monetary expression of value.

2. Money circulation.

A) The concept of money circulation. B) The law of money circulation.

C) The monetary system and its elements. D) International monetary system

D) the monetary circulation of the Russian Federation.

3. Problems of monetary circulation in Russia.

4. Problems of monetary circulation in the world

25. detailed answer on the topic “Needs and interests person in the structure of activity.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. The concept of human needs.

2. Classification of human needs:

A) human biological needs; B) social needs;

B) ideal needs.

3. The structure of human activity:

A) needs and motives;

B) means;

D) result.

4. Interests of a person as a motive for his activity.

26. Detailed answer on the topic "Property both legal and economic category».

1. The concept of ownership:

a) the right to own;

b) the right to use;

c) the right to control.

3. Types of ownership relationships:

a) private;

b) public.

4. Types of ownership:

a) state;

b) municipal;

c) private.

5. Grounds for acquiring property:

a) initial;

b) derivatives.

6. Grounds for termination of ownership.

7. Property as a criterion for the formation of the type of economic system.

27. A detailed answer on the topic "Social demographic problems of the present.

1. Socio-demographic problems as part of the global problems of mankind.

2. The essence of the population explosion and its connection with other global problems.

3. Causes of the demographic crisis in economically developed countries:

a) population aging due to high quality life;

b) low birth rate due to the employment of women in the economy, politics, public life.

4. Manifestations and consequences of the "population explosion":

a) mass starvation, disease, illiteracy, lack of adequate housing;

b) unemployment;

c) mass migrations;

d) Problems of assimilation of newcomers.

5. Ways to overcome socio-demographic problems:

a) solving the problem of population regulation;

b) implementation of a well-thought-out demographic policy;

c) international cooperation in solving social and demographic problems.

28. A detailed plan on the topic “Man as a Spiritual creature". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

1. The concept of the spiritual world of man and its elements:

1.1. knowledge,

b) feelings;

c) aspirations.

2. Morality, values, ideals of a person:

a) Golden Rule morality;

c) conscience, patriotism, citizenship.

3. Worldview and its role in human life:

a) types of worldview;

b) worldview as a guideline and goals of human activity.

29. A detailed answer on the topic "Moral standards in system of social control.

1. Social norms and sanctions as elements of social control.

2. Types of social norms:

a) moral; b) legal;

c) religious; d) etiquette, etc.

3. Features of moral standards:

a) focused on values, patterns of behavior;

b) are manifested in customs and traditions;

c) are regulated public opinion, the conscience of man;

d) are historical.

4. The structure of morality:

b) principles;

5. Morality and morality.

6. The relationship of morality and other social norms.

30. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “The system of the Russian rights".

1. The concept of a system of law.

2. The main elements of the system of law:

a) the rule of law;

b) institute of law;

c) branch of law.

3. The main branches of Russian law:

b) civil law;

in) labor law;

d) criminal law;

e) criminal procedure law, etc.

4. Substantive and procedural law (subparagraphs may be given).

5. Public law:

a) constitutional (state) law;

b) criminal law;

c) administrative law, etc.

6. Private law:

a) civil law;

b) business law and etc.

7. The Constitution of the Russian Federation in the system of Russian law.

8. Reflection of the features of social development in the system of law.

31. a detailed answer to the topic "Religion in modern the world."

1. Religion as one of the forms of culture.

2. Functions of religion:

a) regulatory;

b) worldview;

c) compensatory;

d) educational;

e) integration;

e) cultural, etc.

3. Diversity of religions in modern world:

a) archaic religions;

b) national religions;

c) world religions.

4. Features of world religions.

5. The principle of freedom of conscience.

6. Changing attitudes towards religion in modern society.

DRAFTING COMPLEX PLAN DEVELOPED ANSWER ON A GIVEN TOPIC.

Separately, it is necessary to dwell on the task introduced in the examin 2010, - task C8. It requires a complex plana detailed answer on a specific topic of a social science course.Completing this task involves

compliance with a given topic;

completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;

correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex plan type.

The main condition for completing this task is a systematic, deep, rather voluminous and versatile knowledgetopics that require the involvement of social science material, as well asthe same knowledge from related academic disciplines and, if possible,rational knowledge obtained from the media.

When completing the assignment, graduates will:

a) on the one hand, in a given formulation of the topic, to find
content material known to them;

b) on the other hand, to build the logic of the presentation of knowledge on
topic in the form of paragraphs of a complex plan.

When drawing up a complex plan, you can use the following general recommendations:

present the content of the social science course, revealcovering the proposed topic;

divide this content into semantic parts, highlighting in eachdo one of them the main idea;

title each part;

in each part, highlight several provisions that develop main idea;

check if the points and sub-points of the plan are combined,is the next item of the plan connected with the previous one, is it completelythey reflect the main content of the topic;

make adjustments if necessary;

remember that the plan should cover the main content themes;

in headings (paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan) it is undesirable to repeatryat similar wording.

When compiling a complex plan for a detailed answer, students can use a universal algorithm:

I. Concept, essence...

II. Character traits, basic principles

Specific features...

The most important tasks, the main functions ...

V. Forms, types, types, classifications...

VI . Structure...

VII. The main stages, stages of development ...

VIII. Features of development...

IX. Development trends in the modern world, in the Russian Federation

X. Significance ... in the development of society, personality

Tasks

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the problem"Biological and social in man". Make a plan according to

You have to speak at a school conference on the topic "Human activity in its diversity." Make a plan according tobranches

You need to write an essay on the topic “Communication as a form ofMA of Interpersonal Interactions”. Make a plan according towith which you will cover it.

To speak at a seminar, you need to prepareto develop a detailed answer on the topic “Interpersonal conflicts andtheir permission." Make a plan according to which youwill cover this topic.

You have been instructed to prepare a report on the topic “Knowledge of Humancom of the world and himself. Make a plan according to whichyou will cover this topic.

You are preparing for a test in social science on the topic "Sociallization of the individual. Make a plan according to which youwill cover this topic.

You are instructed to write an article in the school newspaper on the topic "Nauka in the life of modern society "". Make a plan, in accordancewith whom you will cover this topic.

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Religionas a form of spiritual culture. Make a plan according towhich you will cover this topic.

9. You need to write a creative work on the topic "Obra
calling as a social value”. Make a plan according to
with whom you will cover this topic.

works of high school students with a report on the topic "Multivarianceand driving forces for the development of society. Make a plan according towith which you will cover this topic.

You are instructed to write an article for the school newspaper on the topic "Aboutsubstantial progress." Make a plan according to which youwill cover this topic.

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Moralas a regulator social relations". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

Are you a participant in a research competition?works of high school students with a report on the topic "Entrepreneurship in the economy". Make a plan according to which you willcover this topic.

You need to write a creative paper on the topic "Polytic process in modern society”. Make a plan according tobranch with which you will cover this topic.

You have to speak at a school conference on the topic"Taxes in Russian Federation". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "SystemMA of Russian Law. Make a plan according to which youwill cover this topic.

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “ConThe constitution of the Russian Federation is the fundamental law of society and the state. Make upplan according to which you will cover this topic.

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Statedonation to market economy". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

Answers

Answer to task 1.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

the correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of theircompliance with a given topic and clarity of expression of thought;

reflection in terms of the main aspects of the topic in a certain(adequate to the given topic) sequence.

* The answer to task No. 1 is a sample for grading task C8 onUSEaccording to scoring criteria.

(other wordings are allowed that do not distort its meaning)

Points

One of the options for the disclosure of this topic:

1. The most common theories of human origins are:

a) religious

b) "the evolutionary theory of Ch. Darwin

c) the labor theory of F. Engels

2. The main approaches of scientists to the definition of the concept of "man".

3. Biosocial nature of man:

a) man is a part of nature

b) man is a social being

4. The relationship and mutual influence of biological and social
in a person.

Another quantity and (or) other correct formulas are possibleroving points of the plan.

The wording of the points of the plan is correct. Collectively, itemsplan cover the main aspects of the topic and reveal it in thedivided sequence

The wording of the points of the plan is correct. Separate essential aspects for this topic were not reflected in the plan. Subjectunfolds sequentially.

OR

The wording of the points of the plan is correct. Collectively itemyou outline cover the main aspects of the topic but are not presentedin a certain, adequate theme, sequence.

Certain wordings of the points of the plan are correct. holisticand the plan does not provide a consistent disclosure of the topic.

The wording of the points of the plan does not correspond to the topic.

OR

Wrong answer.

Maximum score

3

Answer to task 2.

I. Activity as a way of human existence.

II. Specific features of human activity.

III. Activity structure:
1) subject

2) object

goal

facilities

result

IV. Motives of activity.

V. Two main types of activity:

Practical activities

spiritual activity

VI. Leading activities in human life:

a game

teaching 3) labor

Answer to task 3.

I . The concept and specific features of communication.

II. Functions of communication in the formation and development of man.

Communication as a subject-subject interaction.

Types of subjects of communication:

real entities

illusory partners

imaginary partners

v.Means of communication.

VI. Types of communication:

direct and indirect

direct and indirect

VII. Factors contributing to successful communication:
1) mutual understanding

2) solidarity 3) tolerance

Answer to task 4.

I. The concept and specific features of interpersonal conflict.

II.participants in the conflict.

Causes of interpersonal conflict.

Reason for conflict.

V. The main concepts that reveal the essence of the conflict.

VI. Conflict functions.

VII . Types of interpersonal conflicts.

VIII. Factors Influencing Successful Resolution of Interpersonal Conflicts
conflicts.

IX. The relationship of interpersonal conflicts with other types of social
ny conflicts.

Answer to task 5.

I. Cognition as a form of adequate reflection of reality.

II.Structure of knowledge:

subject of knowledge

object of knowledge

3) the result of knowledge

1) agnosticism 2) skepticism 3) gnosticism

IV. Forms of knowledge:

sensory (sensation, perception, representation)

rational (concept, judgment, conclusion)

v. Types of knowledge:

scientific and non-scientific knowledge

religious, mythological, artistic knowledge

VI. Methods of man's knowledge of the world and himself.

VII. Variety of forms of human knowledge.I,.

Answer to task 6.

I. The concept of socialization.

II. The task and function of socialization.

Correlation between the concepts of "socialization" and "education".

Types of socialization: 1) primary

2) secondary

V. Factors contributing to successful socialization:

agents of socialization

social elevators

socio-economic and political conditions

Answer to task 7.

I. The concept of science:

science as a social institution

science as a branch of spiritual production

science as a special system of knowledge

II. Types of science:

fundamental sciences

applied Science.

classification of sciences depending on the subject and method of knowledge

Specific features of science.

Functions of modern science:

cultural and ideological

cognitive and explanatory

predictive

integration

social

production

v. Development of science.

VI. Features of the scientific picture of the world.

Many graduates preparing for passing the exam, the question is often asked - how to write a plan for social studies? Indeed, this is one of the most difficult tasks of the current exam format. Here it is required to show mastery of the topic material on a serious, meaningful level.

What should be the plans for social studies?

The main requirement for the task is to draw up a complex plan on the presented topic of the social science course. Here, as nowhere else, you will need the ability to generalize and systematize information, accurately present it in the form of abstracts and establish internal communications between social objects. Let me remind you that the graduate must indicate the points of the plan as correctly and accurately as possible, revealing at least two of them in subparagraphs. The plan must contain items that must be disclosed. They are located in the general hierarchy under the numbers from 2 to 4.

At the heart of a successful plan is an objective and banal thing - sound knowledge. Task 35 tests your knowledge in the context of a given form, nothing more. And if, for example, you have thoroughly studied the topic "Social Cognition" and know its features, types and methods, then there are serious prerequisites for getting at least a score. So learn the topics, since there are many auxiliary tools for this today.

But still this is not enough. It is necessary to clearly understand in what sequence you need to draw up a plan and what should follow. To begin with, I propose to look at a universal "blank" of the plan, which theoretically fits any topic.

1. Concept... (any social phenomenon or object can be expressed by a term, so we start with this. You can expand the definition if you wish).

2. Views, elements, types ... (almost every object has a typology, for example, types of unemployment, types economic systems etc.).

3. Signs, traits, features ... (similarly with the previous paragraph).

4. Functions.

5. Role, meaning, place ... (a social object is always inscribed in the context of social life, therefore it affects its individual aspects, which we reflect in this paragraph).

Once again I will explain, before you only general structure, which can vary significantly depending on the topic, but the main thing in it is the logic that should be followed when drawing up plans for the social studies of the Unified State Examination 2016. The wording of the theses can be in an interrogative or descriptive form, and their combination is also possible.

Don't forget that it takes practice everywhere! Find topics on the Internet, fortunately, there are a lot of them today, and make plans. I do not advise thoughtlessly downloading ready-made options on the network and trying to remember them. So you just cloud your head and do not understand anything. In addition, there are many submitted plans of frankly poor quality that do not meet the requirements.

And yet, when making plans for social studies, imagine that you have received the task: to briefly state the topic to a person who does not understand anything about it. You need to explain to him extremely intelligibly, clearly and most importantly correctly. Try to take on this mission and if you can complete it, you will surely write a wonderful plan.

In conclusion, I give an example of a plan that meets all the stated requirements.

The theme is "Social Control".

1. What is social control?

2. Types of social control

a) internal;

b) external;

3. Characteristic features of social control

a) the existence of sanctions;

b) formalization and orderliness;

Instruction

Write a title paragraph. The numbered points of the plan will be located below.

Read the first paragraph and express in one sentence what it is about. For example, you are reading a textbook, and the first paragraph talks about Newton's discoveries. AT plan no need for details and nuances. It is enough to indicate what can be found at the beginning paragraph: "Newton's first law".

By analogy with the second step, work through the remaining paragraphs. Points of the plan for pointers settlements along highways. Written: city of Moscow. And you can go in the indicated direction. So just look at the plan to understand what the paragraph is about.

Read the text and separate the semantic parts with a pencil, not paying attention to the paragraphs. In the same textbook of physics, five or six paragraphs can be devoted to Newton's first law, another six to seven paragraphs to Newton's second law, and the remaining nine paragraphs to Newton's third law. Then the paragraphs are devoted practical examples. Accordingly, the paragraph can be divided into four semantic parts: three parts about Newton's laws and the last one with tasks. And you can highlight the meaning and each task - do it at your discretion.

Express in one sentence what each semantic part is about. Get a short plan paragraph. If you wish, some points of the plan can be divided into sub-points. For example, do in plan four main sections, as in the fifth step. The last, fourth one can be called "Tasks and Exercises". And make subparagraphs in which to paint the names of the tasks.

Choose another long paragraph to work with and make a plan similar to steps five and six, but without using pencil marks. Now work will go faster: read and immediately write a plan.

Sources:

• how to make a task plan

Every student enrolled in any educational institution after school, is faced with the need for abstract. The large amount of information that the teacher presents to the couple becomes terrifying after small notes of school lessons.

Newly minted students have to adapt to a new way of presentation and fixation. Some take the path of least resistance and just listen to a lecture, the second option is to use a voice recorder. However, all these methods will not help during the passing of a test or exam, just to prepare a complete, understandable lecture notes.

It is very difficult to write down verbatim everything that the lecturer says, he does not dictate, but tells and explains the material, the student's task in this case is to formulate the information so that after reading the notes, both he and other people understand what was being said. There is a saying in the student environment - "A good abstract is already" 3 "in the exam." Presenting lectures on paper not only helps to prepare for tests, but also contributes to better memorization initially - visual memory is triggered when writing.

How to write a summary?

There are several popular as an outline:

• try beautifully and neatly, if the readability of the records is low - they make no sense;


• make fields in your notebook so that you can make notes, corrections, put down the date of the lecture;


• write the date and plan of the lecture, then it will greatly help in finding the right topics and for delivery;


• use graphic methods of highlighting text: markers, colored pens, underlining, tables, graphs, etc.;


• use abbreviations - both generally accepted and independently invented, the main thing is that they are unambiguously understandable when reading;


• if the information is not clear, it is better to ask again immediately or put a question mark in the margins and leave a little space for comments, so that in the future, when preparing for the exam or at the seminar, ask the teacher and supplement the topic;


• the text should be divided into paragraphs or semantic sections so that the information is better perceived when reading;


• it is advisable to write the abstract by hand, without using technical devices such as scanners or copiers, a missed lecture rewritten from a classmate’s abstract will better settle in your head than a copier pasted into your notebook, in addition, as you rewrite, questions may arise on the topic that you will need to ask;


• when taking notes from textbooks on your own, you should write out the main theses and thoughts briefly and to the point.

Related videos

To prepare for the lesson, the teacher pursues certain tasks, uses methods and techniques, equipment, additional materials, develops tasks for students. But how do you remember all this? This helps him plan- abstract , in which, in accordance with the requirements of modern teaching methods, the teacher sets out the sequence of actions during the lesson.

Instruction

Create a title page abstract a:
- determine the topic and number of the lesson in accordance with curriculum and your calendar-thematic plan;
- indicate the type (lesson of studying new material, lesson of generalization and systematization of new knowledge, combined lesson, etc.) and type (seminar, laboratory work, test, etc.) lesson;
- formulate the goal of the lesson as accurately as possible, and then use it to formulate didactic tasks: educational, developmental, educational;
- list the materials and equipment that will be used: balance, pipette, reagents, projector, television camera, cards for independent work, tables, reproductions of paintings, etc.
- make a sketch;
- compile in the form of a table: 1 column - the name of the stage of the lesson, 2 - the techniques and methods that you intend to use, 3 - the time in minutes for each stage of the lesson.

Write the entire course of the lesson in stages (depending on the type, some may dominate others or be absent altogether):
a) organizational moment;
b) checking homework;
c) updating and comprehensive testing of knowledge;
d) the stage of obtaining new knowledge;
e) consolidation of acquired knowledge;
e) repetition of the material covered;
g) generalization and systematization of new knowledge;
h) information about homework.

At each stage, using the abstract, describe what you intend and what results you expect from students. Here, draw the necessary diagrams, circuits, make links to visual and didactic materials that will be needed - everything that will help restore the course of the lesson in your memory.

AT plan paragraph the key ideas of the text and the step-by-step development of thought are briefly expressed. Having a plan in front of your eyes, it is easy to remember and retell the material of the textbook, to prepare for exams. To practice creating an outline, choose a short paragraph of 15-20 paragraphs or less. In the future, you can go to texts of any size.