Instruction

Write a title paragraph. The numbered points of the plan will be located below.

Read the first paragraph and express in one sentence what it is about. For example, you are reading a textbook, and the first paragraph talks about Newton's discoveries. AT plan no need for details and nuances. It is enough to indicate what can be found at the beginning paragraph: "Newton's first law".

By analogy with the second step, work through the remaining paragraphs. Points of the plan for pointers settlements along highways. Written: city of Moscow. And you can go in the indicated direction. So just look at the plan to understand what the paragraph is about.

Read the text and separate the semantic parts with a pencil, not paying attention to the paragraphs. In the same textbook of physics, five or six paragraphs can be devoted to Newton's first law, another six to seven paragraphs to Newton's second law, and the remaining nine paragraphs to Newton's third law. Then the paragraphs are devoted practical examples. Accordingly, the paragraph can be divided into four semantic parts: three parts about Newton's laws and the last one with tasks. And you can highlight the meaning and each task - do it at your discretion.

Express in one sentence what each semantic part is about. Get a short plan paragraph. If you wish, some points of the plan can be divided into sub-points. For example, do in plan four main sections, as in the fifth step. The last, fourth one can be called "Tasks and Exercises". And make subparagraphs in which to paint the names of the tasks.

Choose another long paragraph to work on and make a plan similar to steps five and six, but without using pencil marks. Now work will go faster: read and immediately write a plan.

Sources:

• how to make a task plan

Every student enrolled in any educational institution after school, is faced with the need for abstract. The large amount of information that the teacher presents to the couple becomes terrifying after small notes of school lessons.

Newly minted students have to adapt to a new way of presentation and fixation. Some take the path of least resistance and just listen to a lecture, the second option is to use a voice recorder. However, all these methods will not help during the passing of a test or exam, just to prepare a complete, understandable lecture notes.

It is very difficult to write down verbatim everything that the lecturer says, he does not dictate, but tells and explains the material, the student's task in this case is to formulate the information so that after reading the notes, both he and other people understand what was being said. There is a saying in the student environment - "A good abstract is already" 3 "in the exam." Presenting lectures on paper not only helps to prepare for tests, but also contributes to better memorization initially - visual memory is triggered when writing.

How to write a summary?

There are several popular as an outline:

• try beautifully and neatly, if the readability of the records is low - they make no sense;


• make fields in your notebook so that you can make notes, corrections, put down the date of the lecture;


• write the date and plan of the lecture, then it will greatly help in finding the right topics and for delivery;


• use graphic methods of highlighting text: markers, colored pens, underlining, tables, graphs, etc.;


• use abbreviations - both generally accepted and independently invented, the main thing is that they are unambiguously understandable when reading;


• if the information is not clear, it is better to ask again immediately or put a question mark in the margins and leave a little space for comments, so that in the future, when preparing for the exam or at the seminar, ask the teacher and supplement the topic;


• the text should be divided into paragraphs or semantic sections so that the information is better perceived when reading;


• it is advisable to write the abstract by hand, without using technical devices such as scanners or copiers, a missed lecture rewritten from a classmate’s abstract will better settle in your head than a copier pasted into your notebook, in addition, as you rewrite, questions may arise on the topic that you will need to ask;


• when taking notes from textbooks on your own, you should write out the main theses and thoughts briefly and to the point.

Related videos

To prepare for the lesson, the teacher pursues certain tasks, uses methods and techniques, equipment, additional materials, develops tasks for students. But how do you remember all this? This helps him plan- abstract , in which, in accordance with the requirements of modern teaching methods, the teacher sets out the sequence of actions during the lesson.

Instruction

Create a title page abstract a:
- determine the topic and number of the lesson in accordance with the curriculum and your calendar and thematic plan;
- indicate the type (lesson of studying new material, lesson of generalization and systematization of new knowledge, combined lesson, etc.) and type (seminar, laboratory work, test, etc.) lesson;
- formulate the goal of the lesson as accurately as possible, and then use it to formulate didactic tasks: educational, developmental, educational;
- list the materials and equipment that will be used: balance, pipette, reagents, projector, television camera, cards for independent work, tables, reproductions of paintings, etc.
- make a sketch;
- compile in the form of a table: 1 column - the name of the stage of the lesson, 2 - the techniques and methods that you intend to use, 3 - the time in minutes for each stage of the lesson.

Write the entire course of the lesson in stages (depending on the type, some may dominate others or be absent altogether):
a) organizational moment;
b) checking homework;
c) updating and comprehensive testing of knowledge;
d) the stage of obtaining new knowledge;
e) consolidation of acquired knowledge;
e) repetition of the material covered;
g) generalization and systematization of new knowledge;
h) information about homework.

At each stage, using the abstract, describe what you intend and what results you expect from students. Here, draw the necessary diagrams, circuits, make links to visual and didactic materials that will be needed - everything that will help restore the course of the lesson in your memory.

AT plan paragraph the key ideas of the text and the step-by-step development of thought are briefly expressed. Having a plan in front of your eyes, it is easy to remember and retell the material of the textbook, to prepare for exams. To practice creating an outline, choose a short paragraph of 15-20 paragraphs or less. In the future, you can go to texts of any size.

1. Detailed answer on the topic"Political Power as social phenomenon

1. Power as a key moment of politics.

2. The connection of power with influence, strength, wealth, authority, etc.

3. Characteristics of political power:

a) legality (legality);

b) legitimacy.

4. Tints of legitimacy:

a) traditional

b) rational (legal);

c) charismatic.

5. Power resources:

a) utilitarian;

b) forced;

c) normative;

d) information, etc.

6. Functions of political power.

7. Effectiveness of political power

2. A detailed answer on the topic: "The electoral system."

1. The concept of the electoral system.

2. Structure of the electoral system:

a) suffrage;

b) the electoral process.

3. Suffrage and its characteristics:

a) principles of suffrage (universal direct suffrage by secret ballot);

b) the political right to elect and be elected to bodies state power and local government;

c) sources of suffrage.

4. The electoral process and its stages:

a) preparatory (setting the date of elections, registration and registration of voters);

b) nomination and registration of candidates;

c) election campaigning and financing of elections;

5. Types of electoral systems:

a) majoritarian;

b) proportional;

c) mixed.

3. a detailed answer on the topic “Types of electoral systems".

1. The concept of the electoral system.

2. Components of the electoral system:

a) suffrage

b) electoral process

3. Features of the typology of electoral systems:

a) an elected authority;

b) principles of formation of a representative body of power;

c) the procedure for distribution of mandates based on the voting results;

3. Majoritarian electoral system and its features:

a) nomination of a specific person as a candidate

b) establishing direct responsibility to voters

c) those who receive a small minority of votes may not be represented in parliament

4. Proportional system and its features:

a) voting for party lists of candidates;

b) a guarantee of representation in parliament of small and medium-sized parties;

5. Majority-proportional system (mixed) and its features.

a) the formation of a truly representative parliament

b) parties do not fully reflect the interests of voters.

4. detailed answer on the topic "Suffrage in RF: legal framework».

1. Suffrage of citizens of the Russian Federation:

a) the right to vote (active);

b) the right to be elected (passive).

2. Sources of suffrage in the Russian Federation:

a) the Constitution of the Russian Federation;

b) federal constitutional laws;

in) federal laws;

d) normative legal acts of subjects of the Russian Federation on elections.

3. Constitutional principles of suffrage:

a) universal suffrage;

b) equal suffrage;

c) direct suffrage;

e) voluntariness of participation in elections.

4. The procedure for the election of the President of the Russian Federation.

5. Legislative regulation of elections in State Duma RF.

6. Elections to bodies local government.

5. A detailed answer on the topic "Political organizations".

1. Political parties:

a) definition and characteristics; b) typology of political parties;

c) functions of political parties.

2. Socio-political movements:

a) definition and characteristics;

b) the functions of socio-political movements.

3. Legislation of the Russian Federation on political organizations.

4. Trends in the development of political organizations in modern society.

6. You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Institute presidency in the Russian Federation.

1. The President of the Russian Federation as the guarantor of the Constitution.

2. Constitutional and legal status of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) legal regulations determining the procedure for the election and entry into office of the President of the Russian Federation;

b) legal norms establishing the competence of the President of the Russian Federation;

c) legal norms regulating the procedure for terminating the powers of the President of the Russian Federation;

3. The main functions of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen;

b) take measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity;

c) ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of public authorities;

d) determines the main directions of internal and foreign policy states;

e) represents Russian Federation within the country and international relations and etc.

4. Requirements imposed by law on candidates for the post of the Russian Federation:

a) citizenship of the Russian Federation;

b) permanent residence in the Russian Federation for at least 10 years;

c) age limit - not less than 35 years.

5. The procedure for the election and activities of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) nomination and collection of signatures of voters;

b) a candidate who receives more than half the votes of the voters who took part in the voting is recognized as elected;

c) the powers of the President of the Russian Federation end with the expiration of the period (6 years) for which he was elected, at the time of taking the oath by the newly elected President of the Russian Federation;

d) the same person cannot hold this position for more than two consecutive terms, etc.

6. Institute of presidency and tendencies to strengthen the constitutional order in the Russian Federation.

7. A detailed answer on the topic "Rule of Law".

1. The concept of the rule of law.

2. Human rights as the main value of the rule of law:

a) the right to life;

b) equality before the law and court;

c) the right to dignity;

d) the right to housing;

e) the right to national self-determination, etc.

3. Signs of the rule of law:

a) a fundamental feature - the rule of law in society;

b) obedience to the law of all participants public relations(including states);

c) humanity and justice of laws, recognition of the rights and freedoms of the individual

r) obligatory implementation of the principle of separation of powers in state policy, the division of legislative, executive and judicial powers);

e) high legal culture.

4. Formation of the rule of law in Russia

8. A detailed answer on the topic “The Constitution of the Russian Federation on form of the state." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic

1. RF as a democratic state,

a) the people are the source of power:

b) ideological and political diversity in the Russian Federation;

c) guarantees of the rights and freedoms of citizens.

2. RF as a state with a republican form of government.

3. RF as a federal state. Principles of federalism:

a) equality of subjects of the Russian Federation;

b) self-determination of peoples;

c) state integrity;

d) the unity of the system of state power;

e) division of powers between federal authorities and bodies of subjects.

4. RF - the rule of law. Separation of powers.

9. detailed answer on the topic "The role of political elites in the life of society.

1) Who is called the political elite:

a) the concept of political elite;

b) the composition of the political elite.

2) Factors in the formation of the political elite.

3) Functions of the political elite:

a) determination of strategic goals for the development of society;

b) production public policy;

c) maintaining the political stability of society;

d) analysis of the interests of various social groups and etc.

4) Types of political elites:

a) national, regional, local;

b) ruling and non-ruling (counter-elite).

5) Groups of political influence.

10. detailed answer on the topic "How organized power in a democratic state?

1. Separation of powers as an attribute of a democratic society:

a) the legislature;

b) executive power;

c) the judiciary.

2. Characteristics of the representative bodies of state power:

a) structure;

b) formation of the parliament;

c) basic functions, etc.

3. Executive authorities:

a) the structure of the executive power;

b) the main functions of executive authorities;

c) the government in the system of executive authorities, the procedure for its formation.

4. The role of the judiciary in a democratic state.

5. System law enforcement states.

11. detailed answer on the topic "National politics

1. What is "national policy" and what is its role in the life of society?

2. Goals and direction of inhumane national policy in totalitarian states:

a) upholding "ethnic purity";

b) inciting racial hatred;

c) violence in the interests of the domination of their state.

a) legislative consolidation of a respectful attitude towards people of any nationality;

b) the creation of the most favorable conditions for the free development of all peoples;

c) coordination of national interests;

d) prevention and humane resolution of interethnic conflicts.

4. Basic principles of the state national policy modern Russia:

a) equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen;

b) prohibition of any form of discrimination;

c) preservation of the historical integrity of the country, equality of all subjects of the Russian Federation;

d) development assistance national cultures and languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation;

e) timely and peaceful resolution of national contradictions and conflicts;

f) prohibition of activities aimed at inciting any discord, hatred or enmity;

g) protection of the rights and interests of Russian citizens abroad (support for compatriots living

in foreign countries).

5. The threat of nationalism and ways to overcome it.

12. A detailed answer on the topic: “Activities people and its diversity.

1. The concept of activity.

2. Structure of activity:

a) the subject;

b) object

d) ways to achieve the goal;

e) results.

3.Motivation of activity.

4. Activities:

a) practical and spiritual; b) work, teaching (knowledge), play;

c) creative and non-creative activity;

d) creative and destructive activity.

13. A detailed answer on the topic “Family economy".

1. Sources of family income:

a) wage;

b) profit

G) bank interest by deposit;

e) dividends;

f) income from the sale of products produced in the subsidiary farm, etc.

2. Types of families depending on income:

a) families with a fixed income; b) families with variable incomes.

3. Nominal and real family income.

4. Structure of family expenses:

a) rent and fees utilities;

b) food; c) transportation costs;

d) major purchases (acquisition household appliances, clothing, etc.).

5. Differences in the wealth of families and their smoothing by the state.

6. Influence of inflation on family incomes.

14. Detailed answer on the topic"Activity and Thinking"

1. Activity as a way of life of a person and society.

2. Structure of activity:

a) the subject;

b) object;

d) motives;

e) actions;

f) result.

3. Activities

a) labor; b) cognitive; c) aesthetic, etc.

4. Thinking as a process of cognitive activity.

5. Thinking is the basis of rational knowledge.

6. Types of thinking:

a) verbal-logical; b) visual-figurative; c) visual and effective.

15. A detailed answer on the topic “Social mobility"..

1) Concept social mobility.

2) Factors affecting social mobility.

3) Types of social mobility:

a) vertical, horizontal;

b) group, individual.

4) Social elevators:

a) business;

d) church, etc.

16. A detailed answer on the topic "Society"

1. The concept of society as a set of historical forms joint activities of people.

2. Spheres of public life as elements of the structure of society:

a) economic sphere;

b) political sphere;

in) social sphere;

d) the spiritual realm.

3. Social (public) institutions in the structure of society and its individual areas:

a) family; b) school; c) the state, etc.

17. A detailed answer on the topic "Unemployment".

1. The essence of unemployment.

2. Structure of unemployment:

a) persons dismissed for various reasons;

b) persons who voluntarily left work;

c) persons entering the labor market for the first time;

d) persons who entered the labor market after a break.

3. Types of unemployment:

a) frictional, cyclic, structural;

b) open, hidden;

c) full, partial.

4. Scale of unemployment

5.Methods of combating unemployment

18. A detailed answer on the topic “Spiritual values ​​as component of the spiritual culture of society

1. The concept of the spiritual culture of society.

2. Creation of spiritual values:

a) scientific activity;

b) literature and art;

c) religious teachings;

d) folk wisdom in epic and folklore, etc.

3. Preservation and dissemination of spiritual values:

a) the role of museums in the preservation and dissemination of spiritual

values;

b) the role of libraries;

c) the role of archives;

d) the role of the school;

e) the role of the mass media (media).

4. The role of spiritual values ​​in the development of society.

19. a detailed answer on the topic “Knowledge is a process of do spiritual mastery of the material world by man.

1) The concept of knowledge. Cognition is the process of comprehension by a person of objects and phenomena of the material world.

2) Goals of knowledge:

a) comprehension of the truth;

b) practical use.

3) The structure of the process of cognition:

a) sensory cognition (sensation, perception, representation);

b) logical knowledge (concept, judgment, conclusion).

4) The interaction of the cognizing subject and the cognized object in the process of cognition.

5) Knowledge as a result of cognition.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed form.

20. a detailed answer to the topic “Do we know world?".

1. The historical aspect of the need for knowledge of the world:

a) mythological explanation of being;

b) religious explanation of being;

c) scientific explanation of being.

2. Different views on the cognizability of the world:

a) epistemological optimism;

b) skepticism;

c) agnosticism.

3. Levels (steps) of knowledge:

a) sensual;

b) rational.

4. Dispute about the criteria of truth:

a) positions of empiricists;

b) positions of rationalists.

5. Features of sensory cognition:

a) direct interaction with the object of knowledge;

b) visibility and objectivity;

c) reproduction of individual aspects and properties of objects.

6. Features of rational knowledge:

a) reliance on the results of sensory cognition;

b) abstractness and generalization;

c) a reflection of the essence of the subject, its internal regular connections.

21. a detailed answer on the topic “Family as a social institution

1) The concept of family.

2) Family functions:

a) reproductive; b) economic; c) socialization, etc.

3) Rights and obligations of family members.

4) Types of families:

a) patriarchal, democratic; b) many knee-deep, nuclear.

5) Family resources: a) economic; b) information, etc.

1. The concept of the law of supply.

2. Factors affecting the offer:

a) resource prices

b) changes in production technology

c) taxes and grants

3. Supply curve

4. The elasticity of supply is affected by:

a) coefficient of elasticity

b) the percentage of change in the proposed product

c) percentage of price change

5. Knowledge of the laws of economics is the basis for successful business

23. detailed answer on the topic "Gross domestic product".

1. Definition of the concept of GDP - a macroeconomic indicator that reflects market value all final goods and services.

2. Methods for calculating GDP.

a) Calculation of income. b) Calculation of expenses.

3. Expression of GDP.

a) Nominal GDP. b) Real GDP.

c) National currency, currency ratio, currency exchange.

4. GDP and GNP.

a) GNP as the main indicator of the state of the economy (until 1991).

b) The value of the GDP indicator for the country.

5. Calculation of GDP per capita.

24. A detailed answer on the topic “Money and problems de tender treatment."

1. Theory of money.

A) The emergence of the form of value and the emergence of money.

B) the essence of money.

C) Price as a monetary expression of value.

2. Money circulation.

A) The concept of money circulation. B) The law of money circulation.

C) The monetary system and its elements. D) International monetary system

D) the monetary circulation of the Russian Federation.

3. Problems of monetary circulation in Russia.

4. Problems of monetary circulation in the world

25. detailed answer on the topic “Needs and interests person in the structure of activity.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1. The concept of human needs.

2. Classification of human needs:

A) human biological needs; B) social needs;

B) ideal needs.

3. The structure of human activity:

A) needs and motives;

B) means;

D) result.

4. Interests of a person as a motive for his activity.

26. Detailed answer on the topic "Property both legal and economic category».

1. The concept of ownership:

a) the right to own;

b) the right to use;

c) the right to control.

3. Types of ownership relationships:

a) private;

b) public.

4. Types of ownership:

a) state;

b) municipal;

c) private.

5. Grounds for acquiring property:

a) initial;

b) derivatives.

6. Grounds for termination of ownership.

7. Property as a criterion for the formation of a type economic system.

27. A detailed answer on the topic "Social demographic problems of the present.

1. Socio-demographic problems as part of the global problems of mankind.

2. The essence of the population explosion and its relationship with others global issues.

3. Causes of the demographic crisis in economically developed countries:

a) population aging due to high quality life;

b) low birth rate due to the employment of women in the economy, politics, public life.

4. Manifestations and consequences of the "population explosion":

a) mass starvation, disease, illiteracy, lack of adequate housing;

b) unemployment;

c) mass migrations;

d) Problems of assimilation of newcomers.

5. Ways to overcome socio-demographic problems:

a) solving the problem of population regulation;

b) implementation of a well-thought-out demographic policy;

c) international cooperation in solving social and demographic problems.

28. A detailed plan on the topic “Man as a Spiritual creature". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

1. The concept of the spiritual world of man and its elements:

1.1. knowledge,

b) feelings;

c) aspirations.

2. Morality, values, ideals of a person:

a) Golden Rule morality;

c) conscience, patriotism, citizenship.

3. Worldview and its role in human life:

a) types of worldview;

b) worldview as a guideline and goals of human activity.

29. A detailed answer on the topic "Moral standards in system of social control.

1. Social norms and sanctions as elements of social control.

2. Types of social norms:

a) moral; b) legal;

c) religious; d) etiquette, etc.

3. Features of moral standards:

a) focused on values, patterns of behavior;

b) are manifested in customs and traditions;

c) are regulated public opinion, the conscience of man;

d) are historical.

4. The structure of morality:

b) principles;

5. Morality and morality.

6. The relationship of morality and other social norms.

30. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “The system of the Russian rights".

1. The concept of a system of law.

2. The main elements of the system of law:

a) the rule of law;

b) institute of law;

c) branch of law.

3. The main branches of Russian law:

b) civil law;

in) labor law;

d) criminal law;

e) criminal procedure law, etc.

4. Substantive and procedural law (subparagraphs may be given).

5. public law:

a) constitutional (state) law;

b) criminal law;

c) administrative law, etc.

6. Private law:

a) civil law;

b) business law, etc.

7. The Constitution of the Russian Federation in the system of Russian law.

8. Reflection of the features of social development in the system of law.

31. a detailed answer to the topic "Religion in modern the world."

1. Religion as one of the forms of culture.

2. Functions of religion:

a) regulatory;

b) worldview;

c) compensatory;

d) educational;

e) integration;

e) cultural, etc.

3. Diversity of religions in modern world:

a) archaic religions;

b) national religions;

c) world religions.

4. Features of world religions.

5. The principle of freedom of conscience.

6. Changing attitudes towards religion in modern society.

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social studies (6-9)

Social science

Getting ready for the exam in social studies: how to make a complex plan

Criteria for evaluation

At first glance, nothing has changed - this year, students will see the same wording of task No. 28 as before. However, the evaluation criteria have changed - they have become more specific and stricter. The number of maximum points is now 4 (previously it was 3), and instead of deducting a point for errors, scoring for the absence of errors will be practiced. The criteria have changed as follows:

• 28.1: hitting the mandatory points of the plan. This criterion remains the most important. If the student does not hit the required points of the plan, 0 points are given for the entire task. However, there was a concretization in the assessment. It is now specified that one of the mandatory items must be detailed in sub-clauses, while the other may not be detailed or be a sub-clause. If you fully hit the mandatory points of the plan, 2 points are awarded. A student receives 1 point if he has one open item or two unopened items.
• 28.2: adherence to a complex plan. This criterion takes into account the number of points and their quality, the degree of disclosure of the topic. Previously, points were awarded depending on the number of different points, now the requirements have become more precise. The plan must have at least three points, two of which are detailed - in any other case, 0 points are awarded for this criterion.
• 28.3: correct wording. The score for this criterion now has the character of a bonus, and you can get it only if there are no errors in any place with a score of 1 according to criteria 28.1 and 28.2.

While working on this task, it is important to take into account one contradiction in the grading system. The FIPI recommendations indicate that plan items that are abstract and formal in nature should not be counted. At the same time, the abstract wording “The concept of a political party” was used in the sample FIPI plan. Be that as it may, in order to get a high score, it is better to avoid wording that does not reflect the specifics of the topic.

The handbook contains detailed theoretical material on all topics tested by the Unified State Examination in social studies. After each section, multi-level tasks are given in the form of the exam. For the final control of knowledge, at the end of the reference book, training options are given that correspond. Students do not have to search Additional information on the Internet and buy other benefits. In this guide, they will find everything they need to independently and effectively prepare for the exam. The reference book is addressed to high school students to prepare for the exam in social studies. The manual contains detailed theoretical material on all topics tested by the exam. After each section, examples of USE tasks and a practice test are given. For the final control of knowledge at the end of the reference book, training options are given that correspond to the Unified State Exam in social studies. All questions are answered.

Stages of preparation

Planning is a meta-subject skill that must be mastered in order to successful delivery USE. Experienced authors of the corporation "Russian Textbook" in their curricula help to develop the necessary skills in the following steps:

• 5-6 grades - a simple text plan
• Grades 7-8 - a complex text plan
• Grade 9 - a simple presentation plan on the topic
• Grades 10-11 - a complex presentation plan on the topic

Read and see also:

1. Practice making a plan in every lesson. For example, prescribe a plan for the upcoming lesson with students, highlight points and sub-points in the notes, draw up a complex plan at the end of the lecture - that is, practice this skill at different stages of studying the topic.
2. Do not invite students to memorize complex plans made according to the codifier! This will not help "weak" students in any way. For example, in 2017, the topics of the plans did not coincide with the points of the codifier.
3. Try to analyze various phenomena in the lesson according to a plan with such a fixed basis: concept, signs, structure, origin, development, diversity, role, current state. At the same time, avoid the abstract-formal formulation of the points of the plan with this basis.
4. When studying complex topics with two combined concepts, be sure to consider the relationship of phenomena, identify similarities and differences between them. In some cases, it is also necessary to determine what place one phenomenon occupies in the structure of another.

According to statistics, in the Unified State Exam in social studies, task No. 28 is one of the most difficult for students. Understanding the requirements and thoughtful consistent preparation will allow you to score the maximum number of points.

The manual is designed for independent or under the guidance of a teacher preparing schoolchildren and applicants for the exam. It fully includes the material of the course of social science, which is checked at the exam. The theoretical part of the manual is presented in a concise and accessible form. A large number of diagrams and tables allows you to easily and quickly navigate the topic and find the information you need. Training tasks correspond to the modern format of the Unified State Examination, all changes in the content of the examination work made in recent years are taken into account.

So, you have worked on another topic and want to test yourself? There is nothing better than trying to build a complex plan - to do task 35. We agree that working with task 35 is the most effective method repetition of material. Take the wording of the codifier, and build your plan! For example, "Socialization of the individual."

Here is an example plan for you:

35. "Socialization of the individual".

1. The concept of "individual"

2. Signs of personality:

- outlook

- consciousness

— statuses and roles

3. Institutions of socialization:

- church

4. Agents of socialization:

- parents

- priests

— teachers

Rules for writing assignment 35.

So let's look at the plan.

1. We have 4 points, not 3, as the task is formulated. Why? How, I advise you to play it safe here, as in any written assignment for the exam. An extra point will save and keep the maximum score if one of the points does not count.

2. We showed our understanding of the main term of the proposed topic - . All our points reveal this concept.

3. Socialization is a process, so we started with and ended with (the result of the individual's socialization).

4. The easiest way to start a plan is with a concept. We, as we see, do not paint it. We just show it exists. open the rest of the items.

5. We show an understanding of the specifics:, school, parents.

6. One point of the plan follows from another. 3rd - from 4th, correspond: family - parents, church - priests.

7. We build the whole task in a column, not in a line. We show the expert that we are detailing the points in sub-points.

How to build complex three-part plans in task 35?

We gave an example of a two-component plan for social studies of the Unified State Examination (individual - personality). But what about more complex plans? For example:

35. You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "Realization of the Prestigious Human Needs". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

The principle is the same: let's choose the most important (extensive) concept, and begin to deepen it, reaching the less important one. Let's prioritize the volume of terms: 1) person 2) (view by ) 3) Their implementation.

At the same time, feel the theme. It seems that you can start with the concept of “human”, but the essence is in the needs, we start with them!

Now, starting from the concept and types of needs, we begin to build a complex plan:

1. The concept of "need"

2. Types of human needs according to A. Maslow:

a) physiological

b) existential

c) social

d) prestigious

e) spiritual

3. Prestigious Needs:

a) power

b) wealth

c) career

4. Ways to realize prestigious needs:

a) joining a political party

b) doing business

c) taking refresher courses

We show knowledge of the theory (according to Maslow). Again, the 4th point follows from the 3rd, we show the knowledge of social reality. How to achieve power? How to earn wealth? How to make a career? We answer these questions clearly and concisely!

And the last. It is not worth building more than four points, know how to stop in time. Firstly, every minute is precious at the Unified State Exam in social studies (the task of part C will still have to be rewritten in a clean copy). Secondly - more content of the answer - more chances of errors.

And now the task for self-training:

35. You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "The role of financial institutions in the economic system". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

We are waiting for your answers and discussing them in the comments and in our group.