Chuprov L.A. MOU secondary school No. 3 with. Stone-Rybolov Khankaysky district of Primorsky Krai

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6th All-Russian Empress November 25 (December 6) 1741 - December 25, 1761 (January 5, 1762) Coronation April 25 (May 6), 1742 Predecessor: Ivan VI Successor: Peter III Birth: December 18 (29), 1709 p. Kolomenskoye Death: December 25, 1761 (January 5, 1762) St. Petersburg Palace on the Moika Dynasty: Romanovs Father: Peter I Mother: Catherine I Spouse: A. G. Razumovsky

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Domestic policy of Elizaveta Petrovna The Cabinet of Ministers was abolished The Senate, the Berg Collegium, the Manufactory Collegium, the Chief Magistrate were restored The death penalty was abolished In 1746, only the nobles were assigned the right to own land and peasants In 1760, landowners received the right to exile peasants to Siberia. In 1755, factory peasants were assigned as permanent (session) workers at the Ural factories. The acquisition of nobility was limited according to the "Table of Ranks"

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Russian nobles - Shuvalovs, Vorontsovs, Razumovskys - established themselves in the highest posts in the state. Were founded: Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg (1757). Moscow University (1755) Dvoryansky was established land bank to support the nobility. The nobility will receive monopoly privileges for distilling. A bank was established for the merchants. Makarievskaya fair became the center of large operations

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In 1754, internal customs duties were abolished - they were washed. The customs tariff of 1757 established high duties on imported foreign goods. Production of paints began in Russia. Lomonosov founded a whole factory of multi-colored glasses, and received a solid loan from the state for this, and 200 serf souls for use. Factories for the production of: silk, paper fabrics, tapestries, hats appeared in Moscow, the first factory of thread lace appeared, national manufacturers began to manufacture velvet and taffeta

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War with Sweden (1741-1743). It ended in a favorable peace for Russia in the city of Abo. In this world, Sweden confirmed the results of the Northern War and ceded part of Finland to Russia. Seven Years' War (1756 - 1763). 1. Prussia, 2. England 3. Portugal Course of the war The reason for Russia's entry into the war is a threat to Russia's interests in Poland and the Baltic states 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. France Spain Austria Sweden Saxony Russia 1757 Russia enters the war. Russian troops invaded East Prussia on August 19, 1757, near the village of Gross-Egersdorf, Russian troops under the command of S.F. Apraksin defeated the Prussian troops. On August 14, 1758, a major battle took place near the village of Zornsdorf. 1758 Koenigsberg was taken.

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On July 23, 1759, Friedrich's army was defeated near the village of Kunersdorf. On September 29, 1760, the detachment of General Z.G. Chernyshev was occupied by Berlin, in 1761 the Kolsberg Fortress was captured. However, the change in Russia's foreign policy in connection with the accession of Peter III in December 1761 nullified the successes of the Russian troops. Peter III, a great admirer of Frederick II, concludes a separate peace with Prussia (April 24, 1762), returning all conquered territories to her.

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In the battles of the Seven Years' War, the formation of talented Russian commanders P.A. Rumyantsev and A.V. Suvorov. Suvorov A.V. Rumyantsev P.A.

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From childhood, Elizabeth enjoyed the love and care of her father, she learned to read and write early, she also taught French, the basics of history, and geography. By nature, she was cheerful, good-natured and at the same time capricious and quick-tempered. Most of all she loved secular entertainment: balls, dances, hunting, masquerades. Elizaveta Petrovna was reputed to be the first beauty of her time, loved to dress up, never wore the same dress twice and strictly ensured that none of the ladies of the court was dressed or combed more beautifully than her, or even appeared in a dress of the same material (after the death of the empress, her wardrobe had

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After the death of her mother (1727), Elizabeth became close to Emperor Peter II, who, apparently, was in love with her. During the reign of Anna Ivanovna, the situation of Elizabeth became more complicated, since the empress envied her beauty and saw her as a dangerous political rival. At the same time, she enjoyed great sympathy with the inhabitants of St. Petersburg, especially the guards soldiers and officers, who saw in her the heiress of Peter the Great. Since 1731, Alexei Grigoryevich Razumovsky, a Ukrainian Cossack by origin, was admitted to the imperial chapel. According to contemporaries, he had a surprisingly powerful bass and good looks. He was dark-haired with a very thick black beard, tall and broad-shouldered. The following year, Elizabeth noticed him and begged the Empress. When Razumovsky lost his voice, she made him a bandura player, later instructing him to manage one of her estates, and then her entire court.

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Childhood Elizabeth was born in the village of Kolomenskoye on December 18, 1709. This day was solemn: Peter I entered Moscow, wishing to celebrate his victory over Charles XII in the old capital; he was followed by Swedish prisoners. The sovereign intended to immediately celebrate the Poltava victory, but upon entering the capital he was informed of the birth of his daughter. “Let's postpone the celebration of victory and hasten to congratulate my daughter on her ascension into the world,” he said. Peter found Catherine and the newborn baby healthy and, to celebrate, arranged a feast. Being only eight years old, Princess Elizabeth already drew attention to herself with her beauty. In 1717, both daughters, Anna and Elizabeth, met Peter, returning from abroad, dressed in Spanish attire. Then the French ambassador noticed that the youngest daughter of the sovereign seemed unusually beautiful in this outfit. In the following year, 1718, assemblies were introduced, and both princesses appeared there in dresses of different colors, embroidered with gold and silver, in headdresses that shone with diamonds. Everyone admired the art of Elizabeth in dancing. In addition to ease of movement, she was distinguished by resourcefulness and ingenuity, constantly inventing new figures.

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Education The upbringing of the princess could not be particularly successful, especially since her mother was completely illiterate. But Elizabeth had a lively, insightful, cheerful and insinuating mind and great abilities. In addition to Russian, she perfectly studied French, German, Finnish and Swedish and had beautiful handwriting. She was taught in French, and Catherine constantly insisted that there were important reasons for her to know French better than other subjects of study. This reason, as you know, was the strong desire of her parents to marry Elizabeth to one of the persons of the French royal blood. In all other respects, Elizabeth's education was not burdensome, she never received a decent systematic education. The princess herself, however, did not even think of filling in the gaps in her upbringing. She never read, spending time hunting, riding and boating, taking care of her beauty. Disorderly, whimsical, having no fixed time for either sleeping or eating, hating any serious occupation, extremely familiar and then angry over some trifle, sometimes scolding the courtiers with the most nasty words, but usually very amiable and simply and broadly hospitable.

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Before the accession to the throne of Louis Caravaque, after the marriage of her parents, she bore the title of princess. The will of Catherine I of 1727 provided for the rights of Elizabeth and her offspring to the throne after Peter II and Anna Petrovna. In the last year of the reign of Catherine I and at the beginning of the reign of Peter II, there was a lot of talk at court about the possibility of marriage between an aunt and a nephew, who at that time had friendly relations. After the death of Peter II, betrothed to Ekaterina Dolgorukova, from smallpox in January 1730, Elizabeth, despite the will of Catherine I, was not actually considered as one of the contenders for the throne, which was transferred to her cousin Anna Ioannovna. During her reign (1730-1740), Tsesarevna Elizabeth was in disgrace; those dissatisfied with Anna Ioannovna and Biron had high hopes for the daughter of Peter the Great.

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Accession to the Throne Departure of Emperor Peter II and Tsesarevna Elizaveta Petrovna to hunt. Hood. Valentin Serov, 1900, Russian Museum Taking advantage of the decline in authority and influence of power during the regency of Anna Leopoldovna, on the night of November 25 (December 6), 1741, 32-year-old Elizabeth, accompanied by Count D. D. Khodov, Lestok's life physician and her music teacher Schwartz raised a grenadier company of the Preobrazhensky Regiment behind her. Everyone moved from the barracks to the Winter Palace. Encountering no resistance, with the help of 308 loyal guardsmen, she proclaimed herself the new queen, ordering the young Ivan VI to be imprisoned in the fortress and the entire Braunschweig family (Anna Ioannovna's relatives, including the regent of Ivan VI - Anna Leopoldovna) and her adherents to be arrested. The favorites of the former Empress Minich, Levenwolde and Osterman were sentenced to death, replaced by exile in Siberia - in order to show Europe the tolerance of the new autocrat

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Reign Under Elizabeth, military schools were reorganized. In 1744, a decree was issued to expand the network primary schools. The first gymnasiums were opened: in Moscow (1755) and Kazan (1758). In 1755, on the initiative of I. I. Shuvalov, Moscow University was founded, and in 1760, the Academy of Arts. August 30, 1756 - a decree was signed on the beginning of the creation of the structure of the Imperial Theaters of Russia. Outstanding cultural monuments were created (Catherine's Palace in Tsarskoe Selo, etc.). Support was provided to MV Lomonosov and other representatives of Russian science and culture. In the last period of her reign, Elizabeth dealt less with questions government controlled, entrusting it to P.I. and I.I. Shuvalov, M.I. and R.I. Vorontsov and others. On November 19, 1742, Elizabeth signed a decree on the destruction of all mosques in the territory of the Kazan province and the prevention of the construction of new ones. Bishop Luka (Konashevich) began a feverish execution of the Decree - within two years, out of 536 mosques in the Kazan district, 418 were destroyed

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Russo-Swedish War (1741-1743) In 1740, the Prussian king Frederick II decided to take advantage of the death of the Austrian emperor Charles VI to capture Silesia. The War of the Austrian Succession began. Hostile to Austria, Prussia and France tried to persuade Russia to take part in the conflict on their side, but they were also satisfied with non-intervention in the war. Russian troops under the command of General Lassi defeated the Swedes in Finland and occupied its territory. The Abo peace treaty (Abo peace) of 1743 ended the war. The treaty was signed on August 7, 1743 in the city of Abo (now Turku, Finland) on the part of Russia by A.I. Rumyantsev and I. Luberas, on the part of Sweden by G. Zederkreis and E.M. peace and obligated them not to enter into hostile alliances. The Treaty of Nystadt in 1721 was confirmed. The Kymenegorsk province with the cities of Friedrichsgam and Wilmanstrand, part of the Savolak province with the city of Neishlot, departed to Russia. The border runs along the river. Kymmene.

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Seven Years' War (1756-1763) In 1756-1763 there was an Anglo-French war for the colonies. Two coalitions participated in the war: Prussia, England and Portugal against France, Spain, Austria, Sweden and Saxony with the participation of Russia. In 1756 Frederick II attacked Saxony without declaring war. In the summer of that year, he forced her to capitulate. On September 1, 1756, Russia declared war on Prussia. In 1757, Friedrich defeated the Austrian and French troops and sent the main forces against Russia. In the summer of 1757, the Russian army under the command of Apraksin entered East Prussia. On August 19, the Russian army was surrounded at the village. Gross-Egersdorf and only with the support of the reserve brigade P. A. Rumyantsev escaped from the encirclement. The enemy lost 8 thousand people. and stepped back. Apraksin did not organize the persecution, and he himself retreated to Courland. Elizabeth removed him and put him under investigation. The Englishman V. V. Fermor was appointed the new commander. In December 1761, Elizabeth died of throat bleeding due to an unidentified medicine of those times. chronic disease. Peter III ascended the throne. The new emperor returned to Frederick all the conquered lands and even offered military assistance. Only a new palace coup and the accession to the throne of Catherine II prevented Russia's military actions against the former allies - Austria and Sweden.

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Personal life The period of Elizabeth's reign is a period of luxury and excesses. At the court, masquerade balls were regularly held, and in the first ten years, the so-called "metamorphoses", when ladies dressed up in men's costumes, and men in women's costumes. Elizaveta Petrovna herself set the tone and was a trendsetter. The Empress' wardrobe included up to 15,000 dresses. Elizaveta Petrovna loved to have ladies especially trusted and close to her scratch her heels before going to bed. This favor was sought by many noble ladies, but not everyone was awarded such a high honor. Among those who were entrusted with this were Mavra Shuvalova, a friend of the Empress and the wife of the chief dignitary of the empire Peter Shuvalov, Shuvalov's sister Elizaveta, the wife of Chancellor Mikhail Vorontsov, the widow of Admiral Ivan Golovin Maria Bogdanovna.

In 1756-1763, the Anglo-French war for the colonies began. Two coalitions participated in the war: Prussia, England and Portugal against France, Spain, Austria and Sweden with the participation of Russia. In 1756 Frederick II attacked Saxony without declaring war. In the summer of that year, he forced her to capitulate. 1 Sept. 1756 Russia declared war on Prussia. In 1757, Friedrich defeated the Austrian and French troops and sent the main forces against Russia. In the summer of 1757, the Russian army under the command of Apraksin entered East Prussia. Aug 19 The Russian army was surrounded at the village. Gross-Egersdorf and only with the support of the reserve brigade Rumyantseva escaped from the encirclement. The enemy lost 8 thousand people. and stepped back. Apraksin did not organize the persecution and retreated to Courland himself. An Englishman Fermor was appointed the new commander. In the beginning. 1758 Russian troops captured Koenigsberg, then all of East Prussia. East Prussia received the status of a province of Russia. In 1758, at the village. Kunersdorf fought battles that did not bring victory to either side. Fermor was then removed. The army was headed by PS Saltykov. Aug 1 1759 60 thousand Russian army at the village of Kunersdorf against 48 thousand Prussian army gave a pitched battle. the army of Frederick II was destroyed: only 3 thousand soldiers remained. Saltykov for the slow advance of troops to Berlin is removed and Buturlin is appointed. 28 Sept. 1760 - the capture of Berlin took place; he was briefly captured by the corps of General Chernyshov, who seized military depots. However, as Frederick approached, the corps retreated.

1. Domestic policy Elizaveta Petrovna began her reign with a reduction in the poll tax The inviolability of serfdom But the use of serf labor in industry is limited The number of ascribed peasants Elizaveta Petrovna ()

New privileges of the nobility: -Shortened term public service in the army, navy, in the management system -Nobles received the right to exile delinquent nobles to Siberia -Nobles could sell peasants to other persons for recruitment -Transfer of state-owned factories to nobles -Introduced a monopoly of nobles on distillation

Reforms in the field of economy: -Internal customs have been abolished -Dozens of new ones have appeared metallurgical plants-The number of cloth, sailing and linen, paper and textile manufactories grew (Petersburg, Moscow, Kaluga, Voronezh, Yaroslavl, Serpukhov, cities of Siberia) Ivanovo manufactories

In 1742, 14-year-old Karl Peter arrived in Russia On the Holstein line, he was the great-grandson of the Swedish king Karl 12 He was prepared to occupy the Swedish throne: he studied Swedish, was brought up in the Lutheran faith, he considered Holstein to be his homeland, and Lutheranism - his native religion Lutheran Church Sts. Peter and Paul, Starosadsky lane, 7(Moscow)

2. Foreign policy of Russia in the years. The first test for the new government in the international sphere was the war with Sweden. Sweden wanted to return those lands in the Baltic states that it had ceded to Russia under the Treaty of Nystadt. The borders of Sweden before the war are marked in yellow, Russia in dark green, the lands ceded to Russia under the terms of the Treaty are shaded

In the mid 1750s. in the political arena of Europe, the statesmanship and military talent of the Prussian king Frederick II the Great shone. He created a strong army. He strove to capture the nearby German principalities.

But intrigues began against Saltykov The advance detachment of General Z.Kh.

3. Popular indignation Causes: -Luxury of the court and the upper classes of society -A huge army -Waging wars Result: -Expenses increased -Increase in taxes -Increase in arrears -Strengthening the power of the nobles -Growth of corvee -Massive escapes of peasants -Discontent in national regions

5. Peter 3: half a year on the throne In 1761, Elizaveta Petrovna died The grandson of Peter 1, Peter Fedorovich, Peter 3, ascended the throne 9 years later, Peter 3 and Catherine 2 had a son, Pavel (although Sergei Vasilyevich Saltykov was considered the father) Elizaveta Petrovna, disappointed in her nephew, she hatched plans to transfer power to her grandson, Pavel 1 She was engaged in his upbringing Pavel 1

The reforms of Peter 3: -Destroyed the Secret Chancellery -Prohibited industrialists from buying serfs to manufactories -Introduced a ban on the oppression of Old Believers -Prepared a project for the secularization of church lands -Issued the "Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility" in 1762 But Peter 3 did not have a strong support in society Opposition made up: elite - Guards - clergy - Wife Ekaterina Alekseevna

On June 28, 1762, they carried out a palace coup. Peter 3 at that time was in Oranienbaum. Realizing that the coup had taken place, Peter asked to be released to Holstein. But the emperor was arrested and transported to a country palace in the town of Ropsha. Here the emperor spent only seven days The palace in Ropsha

Elizaveta Petrovna (December 18, 1709, Kolomenskoye December 25, 1761, St. Petersburg) Russian Empress from November 25, 1741, from the Romanov dynasty, daughter of Peter I and Catherine I. At the age of eight, Princess Elizabeth already drew attention to herself with her beauty. In 1717, both daughters, Anna and Elizabeth, met Peter, returning from abroad, dressed in Spanish attire. Then the French ambassador noticed that the youngest daughter of the sovereign seemed unusually beautiful in this outfit. In the following year, 1718, assemblies were introduced, and both princesses appeared there in dresses of different colors, embroidered with gold and silver, in headdresses that shone with diamonds. Everyone admired the art of Elizabeth in dancing. In addition to ease of movement, she was distinguished by resourcefulness and ingenuity, constantly inventing new figures. The French envoy Levi then remarked that Elizabeth could have been called a perfect beauty, if not for her snub nose and reddish hair.

Education The upbringing of the princess was not particularly successful, especially since her mother was completely illiterate. But she was taught in French, and Catherine constantly insisted that there were important reasons for her to know French best. The reason for this was the strong desire of her parents to marry Elizabeth to someone from the French royal blood. However, to all persistent proposals to intermarry with the French Bourbons, they answered with a polite but decisive refusal. In all other respects, Elizabeth's education was a little burdensome; she did not receive a decent systematic education. Her pastimes were: riding, hunting, rowing and caring for her beauty.

Before accession to the throne After the marriage of her parents, she bore the title of princess. The will of Catherine I in 1727 provided for the rights of Elizabeth and her offspring to the throne after Peter II and Anna Petrovna. In the last year of the reign of Catherine I and at the beginning of the reign of Peter II, there was a lot of talk at court about the possibility of marriage between an aunt and a nephew, who at that time had friendly relations. After the death of Peter II, betrothed to Ekaterina Dolgorukova, from smallpox in January 1730, Elizabeth, despite the will of Catherine I, was not actually considered as one of the contenders for the throne, which was transferred to her cousin Anna Ioannovna. In her reign (gg.) Tsesarevna Elizabeth was in disgrace; those dissatisfied with Anna Ioannovna and Biron had high hopes for the daughter of Peter the Great.

Accession to the throne Taking advantage of the decline in authority and influence of power during the regency, on the night of November 25, 32-year-old Elizabeth, accompanied by Count M.I. Vorontsov, life physician Lestok and his music teacher Schwartz with the words “Guys! You know whose daughter I am, follow me! As you served my father, serve me with your fidelity!” raised a grenadier company of the Preobrazhensky Regiment behind her. Encountering no resistance, with the help of 308 loyal guards, she proclaimed herself the new queen, ordering the young Ivan IV to be imprisoned in the fortress and the entire Braunschweig family (relatives, including the regent Anna Leopoldovna) and her adherents to be arrested. The favorites of the former Empress Minich, Levenwolde and Osterman were sentenced to death, replaced by exile in Siberia in order to show Europe the tolerance of the new autocrat. Coronation dress of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, 1742

Reign of Elizabeth state affairs almost did not study, entrusting them to her favorites - the brothers Razumovsky, Shuvalov, Vorontsov, A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. Elizabeth proclaimed a return to the Petrine reforms as the main principles of domestic and foreign policy. The role of the Senate, the Berg and Manufacture Colleges, and the Chief Magistrate were restored. The Cabinet of Ministers has been abolished. The Senate received the right of legislative initiative. During the Seven Years' War, a permanent conference arose, standing above the Senate Conference at the highest court. The heads of the military and diplomatic departments and persons specially invited by the Empress took part in its work. The activities of the Secret Chancellery became invisible. The significance of the Synod and the clergy increased, and schismatics were severely persecuted. The synod took care of the material support of the clergy, monasteries, and the spread of spiritual education among the people. During the reign of Elizabeth, work was completed on a new Slavic translation of the Bible, which had begun under Peter I in 1712. The Elizabethan Bible, published in 1751, is still used with minor changes in the services of the Russian Orthodox Church. Ruble of Elizabeth I in gold. 1756

In 1741, the empress adopted a decree allowing Buddhist lamas to preach their teachings on the territory of the Russian Empire. All lamas who wished to come to Russia were sworn allegiance to the empire. The decree also exempted them from paying taxes. At the same time, in 1742, a decree was adopted on the expulsion of all citizens of religion with permission to remain only for those who want to convert to Orthodoxy. The 2nd census of the taxable population was carried out in the years. In the late 1740s - the first half of the 1750s, a number of serious transformations were carried out on the initiative. In 1754, the Senate adopted a resolution developed by Shuvalov on the destruction of internal customs duties and petty fees. This led to a significant revival of trade relations between the regions. The first Russian banks were founded - Noble (Loan), Merchant and Copper (State). In 1744, a decree was issued banning fast travel around the city, and fines began to be taken from those who swore in public.

A tax reform has been implemented that has improved financial position countries: fees for concluding foreign trade transactions have been increased to 13 kopecks from 1 ruble (instead of the previously charged 5 kopecks). The tax on salt and wine was raised. A new commission was created in the city to draw up the Code, which completed its work by the end of the reign of Elizabeth, but the process of transformation was interrupted by the Seven Years' War (). In social policy, the line of expanding the rights of the nobility continued. In 1746, the right to own land and peasants was assigned to the nobles. In 1760, the landlords received the right to exile the peasants to Siberia, counting them instead of recruits. Peasants were forbidden to conduct monetary transactions without the permission of the landowner. Portrait of Elizaveta Petrovna by Charles van Loo A tax reform was carried out, which made it possible to improve the financial situation of the country: the fees for concluding foreign trade transactions were increased to 13 kopecks from 1 ruble (instead of the previously charged 5 kopecks). The tax on salt and wine was raised. A new commission was created in the city to draw up the Code, which completed its work by the end of the reign of Elizabeth, but the process of transformation was interrupted by the Seven Years' War (). In social policy, the line of expanding the rights of the nobility continued. In 1746, the right to own land and peasants was assigned to the nobles. In 1760, the landlords received the right to exile the peasants to Siberia, counting them instead of recruits. Peasants were forbidden to conduct monetary transactions without the permission of the landowner.

In 1755, factory peasants were assigned as permanent (session) workers at the Ural factories. The death penalty was abolished (1756), and the mass practice of sophisticated torture was stopped. Under Elizabeth, military schools were reorganized. In 1744, a decree was issued to expand the network of primary schools. The first gymnasiums were opened: in Moscow (1755) and Kazan (1758). In 1755, on the initiative of I. I. Shuvalov, the Academy of Arts was founded, and in 1760. On August 30, 1756, a decree was signed on the beginning of the creation of the structure. Outstanding cultural monuments have been created (the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo and others). Support was provided to MV Lomonosov and other representatives of Russian science and culture. In the last period of her reign, Elizabeth was less involved in issues of state administration, entrusting it to P. I. and I. I. Shuvalov, M. I. and R. I. Vorontsov and others. Summer Palace of Elizabeth Petrovna

Generally, domestic politics Elizabeth Petrovna was distinguished by stability and focus on the growth of authority and power state power. According to a number of signs, we can say that the course of Elizabeth Petrovna was the first step towards the policy of enlightened absolutism, which was then carried out under Catherine II. Empress Elizabeth was the last ruler of Russia, who was Romanova "by blood." On November 19, 1742, Elizabeth signed a decree on the destruction of all mosques in the territory of the Kazan province and the prevention of the construction of new ones. Luka Konashevich began a feverish execution of the Decree within two years, out of 536 mosques in the Kazan district, 418 were destroyed (“History of Tataria”).

At the turn of the 18th century there were more than 60 uprisings of monastic peasants. In the years twice there were uprisings in Bashkiria. In the years unrest was observed at 54 factories in the Urals (200 thousand ascribed peasants). Social unrest

Foreign policy Ivan Vishnyakov. Portrait of Elizabeth Petrovna Russian-Swedish War () In the city of Prussian King Frederick II decided to take advantage of the death of the Austrian Emperor Charles VI to capture Silesia. Started. Hostile to Austria, Prussia and France tried to persuade Russia to take part in the conflict on their side, but they were also satisfied with non-intervention in the war. Therefore, French diplomacy tried to push Sweden and Russia in order to divert the attention of the latter from European affairs. Sweden declared war on Russia. Russian troops under the command of General Lassi defeated the Swedes in Finland and occupied its territory.

Abo Peace Treaty () 1743 ended the war. The treaty was signed in the city of Abo (now) on the part of Russia by A.I. and I., on the part of Sweden by G. and E.M. Prince, cousin uncle of the Russian heir Peter III Fedorovich. Mr. Adolf was elected heir to the Swedish throne, which opened the way to a final agreement. Article 21 of the peace treaty established eternal peace between countries and obligated them not to enter into hostile alliances. Confirmed in 1721. The Kymenegorsk province with the cities of Friedrichsgam and Wilmanstrand, part of the Savolak province with the city of Neishlot, departed to Russia. The border runs along the river. Kymmene. The beginning of the accession of Kazakh lands to Russia Even in Anna Ioannovna signed a letter of acceptance of the Junior Kazakh zhuz into Russia. Khan Zhuz Abulkhair and the foremen swore allegiance to Russia. In the years, he voluntarily entered Russia; were built (1743) and a fortress on the river Yaik.

In the city of the Anglo-French war for the colonies. Two coalitions participated in the war: Prussia, England and Portugal against France, Spain, Austria, Sweden and Saxony with the participation of Russia. Frederick II attacked Saxony without declaring war. In the summer of that year, he forced her to capitulate. Russia declared war on Prussia. In Friedrich defeated the Austrian and French troops and sent the main forces against Russia. In the summer of 1757, the Russian army under the command of Apraksin entered East Prussia. The Russian army was surrounded at the village. Gross-Egersdorf and only with the support of the reserve brigade P. A. Rumyantsev escaped from the encirclement. The enemy lost 8 thousand people. and stepped back. Apraksin did not organize the persecution, and he himself retreated to Courland. Elizabeth will remove him and put him under investigation. An Englishman V.V. Fermor was appointed the new commander. Seven Years' War ()

At the beginning, Russian troops captured Koenigsberg, then all of East Prussia, whose population even swore allegiance to the empress. East Prussia received the status of a province of Russia. In August, a battle took place near the village of Zondorf, in which the Russians won. Some rulers of Germany often toasted the Germans who won at Zondorf, but these statements were erroneous because the army that occupied the battlefield after the battle is considered the winner. The battlefield was occupied by the Russian army (this battle is described in detail by Valentin Pikul in the novel "Pen and Sword"). At the beginning of the battle, Fermor, together with the Austrian ambassador to the Russian army, fled from the battlefield. The victory was won by an army without a commander-in-chief. Fermor was subsequently suspended. During the battle, Frederick II said the famous phrase: “It’s not enough to kill a Russian, you also need to knock down a Russian. I see killed Russians, but I don’t see defeated Russians.”

The army was headed by P.S. Saltykov. On August 1, 1759, the 58,000-strong Russian army fought a general battle against the 48,000 Prussian army near the village of Kunersdorf. The army of Frederick II was destroyed: only 3 thousand soldiers remained. Seydlitz's cavalry was also destroyed. Saltykov for a defiant attitude towards the Austrian troops and a delay in advancement, A. B. Buturlin was removed and appointed. there was a capture of Berlin; it was briefly captured by the corps of General Z. G. Chernyshev, who seized military depots. However, as Frederick approached, the corps retreated. In December, Elizabeth died from a chronic illness that was not established by the medicine of those times. Ascended to the throne. The new emperor returned to Frederick all the conquered lands and even offered military assistance. Only a new palace coup and accession to the throne prevented Russia's military actions against the former allies of Austria and Sweden.

Personal life According to contemporaries and historians, in particular, the Minister of Public Education, Count Uvarov (the author of the formula), Elizabeth was in a church morganatic marriage with. According to some historical sources of the 1770s-1810s, she had at least two children: a son from Alexei Razumovsky and a daughter from Count Shuvalov. Subsequently, she took under her personal guardianship two sons orphaned in 1743 and the daughter of a chamber junker: Peter, Alexei and Praskovya. However, after the death of Elizabeth Petrovna, many impostors appeared who called themselves her children from marriage with Razumovsky. Among them, the most famous figure was the so-called Princess Tarakanova. The reign of Elizabeth was a period of luxury and excess. At the court were regularly held - and in the first ten years and the so-called "metamorphosis", when the ladies dressed up in men's suits, and men in women's. Elizaveta Petrovna herself set the tone and was a trendsetter. The Empress' wardrobe included up to 45,000 dresses. Unknown artist Portrait of Alexei Grigoryevich Razumovsky, mid-18th century

On November 7 (November 18), 1742, Elizabeth appointed her nephew (the son of Anna's sister) Duke of Holstein Karl-Peter Ulrich (Peter Fedorovich) as the official heir to the throne. His official title included the words "Grandson of Peter the Great". Equally serious attention was paid to the continuation of the dynasty, to the choice of a wife (the future Catherine II) and to their son (the future Emperor Pavel Petrovich), whose initial upbringing was given great importance.