Machine-tool and tool industry - branches of engineering that create for all industries metalworking and woodworking machines, automatic and semi-automatic lines, complex-automatic production for the manufacture of machines, equipment and metal products and others construction materials, press-forging, foundry and woodworking equipment. Machine tool building is a mirror of the development of mechanical engineering, and the development of this industry can largely be judged on the development of the industrial potential of the country.

Currently, there are about 100 enterprises in the machine-tool industry of Russia. In 2011, it was noted that, according to official data from the relevant ministries, the machine-tool industry of Russia includes 46 enterprises producing metal-cutting machines, 25 plants specializing in the manufacture of forging and pressing equipment, 29 manufacturers of cutting, measuring, metalwork and assembly tools, as well as seven scientific - research institutes and 45 design bureaus.

Among Russian enterprises machine tool industry:

NPO "Machine Tool" (Sterlitamak)

Stankotekh (Kolomna)

Ivanovo Heavy Machine Tool Plant

RSZ (Ryazan)

Grinding Machines (Moscow)

Astrakhan Machine Tool Plant

Krasnodar Machine Tool Plant

Simbirsk Machine Tool Plant (Ulyanovsk)

Stangidromash (Samara)

Sasta (Ryazan region)

Lipetsk Machine Tool Enterprise

Stan-Samara

Volzhsky Machine-Building Plant (Tolyatti)

Middle Volga Machine Tool Plant (Samara)

Savelovsky Machine-Building Plant (Kimry)

VNIIInstrument (Moscow)

VSZ Technique (Vladimir)

VSZ - Salyut (Moscow)

Kirov-Stankomash (St. Petersburg)

St. Petersburg Precision Machine Tool Plant (St. Petersburg)

Ulyanovsk Plant of Heavy and Unique Machine Tools

Stankomashstroy (Penza)

Tver Machine Tool Plant

PKF "Stankoservis" (Ryazan)

KOVOSVIT

It is planned that regional machine tool clusters will be created in St. Petersburg, Tatarstan, Rostov, Ulyanovsk and Sverdlovsk regions. The main areas of their activity will be engineering and system integration in the field of machine-building technologies, the production of original Russian equipment, the design of modern production facilities, and the training of qualified personnel for the industry.

Holding "Stankoprom"

The Stankoprom holding was established in 2013 under the auspices of the state corporation Rostec as a system integrator of Russian machine-tool enterprises. It controls the import of equipment, combines foreign developments with Russian assembly, develops Russian R&D and implements them.

The holding was established on the basis of OJSC RT-Stankoinstrument and OJSC RT-Mashinostroenie and is their legal successor. Stankoprom has the status of the parent organization of the Rostec State Corporation in the field of machine tool building and tool production. In 2014, the holding's consolidated assets were estimated at 15 billion rubles. Planned investments - about 30 billion rubles, of which own financial resources 5.5 billion rubles, and 11 billion rubles - private investment and bank loans in the ratio of 50 to 50. strategic objective holding "Stankoprom" is a long-term provision of technological independence and competitiveness of the Russian engineering industry through the creation of competitive domestic means of engineering production. The holding aims to achieve by 2020 the share of domestic metal-cutting machine tools in 70%, while the holding may become the only supplier of machine tools for defense enterprises.

2011

By 2011, Russia ranked 21st among countries in the world in terms of machine tool production.

year 2012

In 2012, Russia produced 3321 metal cutting machine and 4270 woodworking machines.

In January 2012, one of the world leaders in the machine tool industry, the German company Gildemeister, acquired a land plot in Ulyanovsk for the construction of a plant for the production of high-precision machine tools for metalworking. On October 23 of the same year, the construction of the plant began. It is planned that the plant will produce up to 1000 machines per year.

year 2013

In 2013, 180 enterprises that are members of the Stankoinstrument Association produced products worth 26.6 billion rubles.

In October 2013, the government of the Rostov region signed a cooperation agreement with the leadership of Vnesheconombank, according to which this development institution becomes the main creditor of the project to create a machine-tool cluster in the region based on the Azov forging and pressing equipment plant Donpressmash. According to Alexander Grebenshchikov, Minister of Industry and Energy of the Rostov Region, the total cost of the project is 2.3 billion rubles. The cluster's anchor investor is MTE Kovosvit MAS, a joint machine tool company established on a parity basis in July 2012 by the Russian MTE group and the Czech Kovosvit MAS a.s., one of the leading European manufacturers of turning and milling machines, machining centers and technical solutions.

year 2014

In 2014, structural changes began in the range of products manufactured by Russian machine-tool enterprises, characterized by an increase in the output of equipment with numerical control (CNC) and machining centers, which increases the share of science-intensive products and has a positive effect on the added value of products.

2015

In 2015, the production of machine tools at the enterprises of the Stankoinstrument Association amounted to 1873 units. or 172.8% to the level of 2014. Individual enterprises of the Association showed more than 2-fold growth compared to 2014 (JSC Stankotekh, Kolomna - 273%, LLC NPO Machine Tool Building, Sterlitamak - 243%).

In 2015, one of the significant events for the industry was the formation of a major private player in the machine tool market - the STAN company, which mainly included the assets of the largest Russian enterprises, including heavy machine tools: Ivanovo Heavy Machine Tool Plant LLC (Ivanovo) , Stankotekh JSC / KZTS CJSC (Kolomna), Ryazan Machine Tool Plant LLC (Ryazan), NPO Machine Building LLC (Sterlitamak), as well as Grinding Machines LLC (Ryazan). Moscow).

On November 11, 2015, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich said: “Just yesterday, we discussed in the government the issues of machine tool building, an industry that has long remained outside the scope of an active industrial policy. In the last year, the policy has become purposeful, the machine tool industry comes to the fore. Of course, today the military-industrial complex is the driver of demand for machine tool products, and a significant amount of resources spent on the implementation of the defense industry program is formed simply for our machine tool plants, they have begun to use this: holdings are already being created that unite our leading machine tool enterprises. One example is the STAN holding company, which already combines four large enterprises. She makes products High Quality, which is absolutely comparable with foreign analogues, and does it faster, and, moreover, is competitive in price.”

2016

In March 2016, Russian-Japanese mass production with a capacity of 120 CNC machines per year was opened in Yekaterinburg.

prospects

A Russian-Chinese enterprise for the production of high-precision metalworking machine tools will be created in the Moscow Region. The total investment in 2016-2017 in the project for the production of high-precision machine tools and CNC machining centers exceeds 110 million euros. The enterprise will start operating in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region in 2017.

One of the projects planned for implementation under the special investment contract is a joint venture between the Ulyanovsk Machine Tool Plant and the German-Japanese concern DMG MORI SEIKI; The project provides for the production of a wide range of turning and milling machining centers with an output of more than 1,000 machines per year by 2017. The project provides for the creation of an engineering center for personnel training, as well as the development of new models of metal-cutting equipment in Russia.

The project of MTE Kovosvit Mas LLC provides for the creation by 2018 of a modern high-tech production of metalworking lathes and milling groups, as well as multifunctional metalworking centers of the company "Kovosvit" (Czech Republic). The area of ​​the plant will be 33 thousand m2.

Kovrov Electromechanical Plant, together with the Japanese manufacturer TAKISAWA, is localizing the production of a new generation of turning and milling machining centers.

The volume of production of machine tools in Russia:

2012 - about 3 billion rubles;

2013 - about 3.5 billion rubles;

2014 - about 4 billion rubles;

2015 - about 7 billion rubles.

New productions launched from 2011 to 2017

1. A new workshop for the production of machine tools was opened in Tryokhgorny
At the site of the new workshop in Tryokhgorny, several types of the most popular milling, turning and other types of machine tools for mechanical engineering will be produced, which, in their technological characteristics are not inferior to foreign analogues at a significantly lower price. Volume of investments: more than 1 billion rubles.

2. "Production complex" Akhtuba "opened a modernized workshop for the production of machine tools with numerical control
The grand opening of the renovated section of the mechanical assembly production of machine tools with numerical control took place at JSC "Production Complex" Akhtuba ".

3. A factory for the production of oilfield equipment and tools was opened in Kurgan
On August 1, a plant for the production of oilfield equipment and tools was opened in Kurgan. The construction of the plant was made possible thanks to the joint efforts of the American company Varel International (Varel International) and its Russian partner NewTech Services (New Tech Services) from Moscow.

In total, more than 446 million rubles were invested in production. The enterprise will create more than 60 jobs.

4. A new workshop for the production of progressive cutting tools was opened at OAO Votkinsky Zavod (Udmurtia). Production is import-substituting.

According to the head of the enterprise, this workshop is the first and so far the only one in Russia. The plant has 525 CNC machines, including more than 100 machining centers, including 52 high-speed ones.
The new workshop will fully meet the needs of this equipment, significantly increase the cutting speed and increase productivity. Estimated output of the tool is 50,000 pieces per year.

5. In the Vladimir region, at JSC "Kovrovsky Electromechanical Plant", an assembly plant for machine tools of the Japanese company TAKISAWA was opened.
Takisawa transfers to Kovrov Electromechanical Plant the right to use technical information for the assembly, sale, commissioning and maintenance of CNC lathes model TS-4000 in Russia and the CIS countries.
At the first stage, the volume of production can be up to 600 units per year, later - in cooperation with the machine-tool enterprises of the region - up to 1700 units.

6. A ceremony dedicated to the release of the first Russian machine tools of the German-Japanese concern "DMG Mori Seiki" took place in Ulyanovsk.
Ulyanovsk Machine Tool Plant LLC has launched the assembly of the first SIEMENS numerically controlled machine tools of the latest ECOLINE design series. So far, the assembly is being carried out on leased areas. By the end of 2014, about 100 machines will be assembled here.
The construction of a plant worth 3.2 billion rubles is underway. When the enterprise reaches full capacity, the number of machines produced will be 1000 pcs. in year. It is planned to create 200 jobs.

7. In Tatarstan, on the territory of the SEZ "Alabuga" a new plant was opened Russian company"Interskol"
The Interskol-Alabuga plant will provide up to 40% import substitution in the power tool industry. The volume of investments in the first stage of the plant amounted to 1.5 billion rubles. Currently, the plant employs 200 people.
In 2015, it is planned to complete the construction of the second stage of the plant, and by the end of 2017 to put into operation the third stage. In addition to electric tools, small-scale mechanization of production will be produced here, welders, compressors and more. A total of 2,000 jobs are planned to be created.

8. In Ulyanovsk, in the Zavolzhye industrial park, a new plant for the production of machine tools was opened.
Investments of the German-Japanese concern DMG MORI amounted to 3 billion rubles. By 2018, the enterprise will create 250 jobs. It is planned that the localization of production will be 50%.
The plant will produce three types of machines of the ecoline series: machines for turning, milling and milling vertical machining centers. productive capacity plant -1,200 machines with the possibility of increasing production to 1500 - 2000 machines per year.

9. Small-scale production of turning machining centers JSC Joint Technological Enterprise Perm Plant of Metalworking Centers (Perm)
On November 27, in the microdistrict Novye Lyady, a presentation of the assembly site for small-scale production of a series of turning metalworking equipment of JSC "Joint Technological Enterprise" Perm Plant of Metalworking Centers "(JSC" STP "PZMTs") was held.
Representatives of 29 machine-building enterprises of Russia took part in the presentation: representatives of top management and technical specialists of the enterprises of Roskosmos, the United Engine Corporation, the Perm Machine-Building Complex, the Leningrad Mechanical Plant named after K. Liebknecht, the Voronezh Mechanical Plant, the Progress Rocket and Space Center "(Samara), OJSC "Votkinsky Plant", OJSC "Turbina" (Chelyabinsk).
The guests visited the GTPP assembly shop of Proton-PM PJSC, where the small-scale production of Proton T500 and Proton T630 machine tools is located, and also saw the process of processing a heat-resistant alloy part. The capacities of this production site allow to produce up to 50 machines per year.

10. assembly production lathes Genos L of the Ural machine-building corporation "Pumori" (Ekaterinbrug)
Ural Machine-Building Corporation "Pumori" solemnly opened in Yekaterinburg on the basis of the company "Pumori-engineering invest" serial production of metal-cutting machining centers "Okuma-Pumori" (Russia-Japan)
The plan for 2016 is 40 machines with a subsequent annual increase to 120 by 2020. Now localization is more than 30%, from 2018 it should exceed 70%. Economic sanctions hinder full cooperation.

11. Plant for the production of metal-cutting tools of the German company Guhring (Nizhny Novgorod)
The plant of the Guering company, one of the leaders in the production of metal-cutting tools, opened in Nizhny Novgorod on July 21. The enterprise was built from scratch and has no analogues in Russia. Investments in the project amounted to 6 million euros. In the future, the plant will create more than a hundred additional jobs.
Investments in the project amounted to 6 million euros.
The enterprise, which has no analogues in Russia yet, is intended for the production of tools special purpose, which was previously imported from Germany. Also provided are small standard rulers, axial tools with a diameter of 2.5 to 32 mm - drills, cutters and much more.

January 08, 2016 The raw material development model has long been inadequate to the challenges facing Russia, and has long outlived its usefulness - a revival of the industrial policy of the state is needed. What is the most important place in the machine tool industry, the state of affairs in which critically depends on the success of reindustrialization, declared a strategic priority of the new presidential term of Vladimir Putin.

Here is an extensive analysis of Vasily Petrovich Ivanov (nickname bazil) on the state of affairs in the domestic machine tool industry published on the Aftershock portal.

Photo: Carousel universal machine KU299
Despite globalization and the world practice of the division of labor, states that traditionally call themselves developed and leading powers strive, if not for complete independence in providing their industry with production equipment, then at least minimize dependence on its imports. Below, this trend is considered in detail and compared with domestic practice.
What matters is not only the ability to produce goods (availability of machine tools), but also the technical equipment of manufacturing enterprises (presence of modern machine tools). Therefore, the article focuses on the consideration of the quantity, as well as the age and quality composition of machine tools.

It is worth mentioning right away that censuses of the fleet (both in terms of quantity and age) of metalworking equipment have not been carried out since 1992, and all later quantitative and age indicators presented for the fleet of machine tools in Russia are estimates.

1. MACHINE CONSUMPTION.

Consumption of machine tools in different countries world is well illustrated by the study “Gardner Research. The World Machine-Tool Output & Consumption Survey" of different years of publication. Reported information is summarized in Table 1. Sales of new, used and refurbished equipment are included.

Table 1 - Consumers of machine tool products in the world [Source - Gardner Research], $ million.

It is reasonable to assume that today's consumption of machine tools determines the possibilities of tomorrow's production. Since, by purchasing a certain amount of equipment, manufacturers update their current capacities and increase the opportunities for increasing production in the future. And if, for example, China is now many times ahead of its closest competitor - the United States - in terms of machine tool consumption, then it must be assumed that in the near future it will be ahead of the United States in industrial production about the same rate as it is now ahead of the Americans in updating and installing new equipment. It is not encouraging that Russia in the list of equipment consumers is only in 9th place in 2015, and in the period 2010–2015 it did not rise above 7th place. There is no evidence that Russia is preparing to take a place in the world list of industrial leaders in the future.

Figure 1 - Consumption of machine tool products in the world by country, million $ [Source - Gardner Research]
Of the 16 leaders in the consumption of machine tool products (over $ 1 billion annually, including Brazil), four groups of countries can be distinguished:

a) China. The absolute leader, many times ahead of the nearest competitor. Consumption of machine tool products is about $ 30 billion annually;
b) USA, Germany, South Korea and Japan. Largest consumers, $4–10 billion annually.

The first 5 countries (group "a" and "b") are the main production centers of mechanical engineering in the world now and, obviously, will remain so in the near future.
c) Mexico, Italy, Russia, Taiwan, India, Turkey, Canada, Switzerland, France, England: $1-3 billion. Countries of the "third tier", large consumers of equipment. Accordingly, they are and will be quite large producers, but not very noticeable on a global scale. Brazil left the list of consumption leaders in 2015, but it is hoped that with the end of the crisis, this country will return to the level of over $ 1 billion;
d) Austria, Spain, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Sweden, Argentina, Australia, Portugal, Finland, Belgium, Brazil. Countries consuming less than $700 million worth of equipment annually. Accordingly, it is difficult to expect these countries to play a significant role in world engineering in the future. Although these states are known for certain positions and play a significant role in world exports of engineering products. These are Austria, Belgium, Spain and the Czech Republic. But, based on the current level of consumption of machine tool products in comparison with other countries, it must be assumed that their role will decrease.

The production of machine tool products according to Gardner Research is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 - Manufacturers of machine tool products in the world [Source - Gardner Research], $ million.

Figure 2 - Manufacturers of machine tools in the world, million $

Based on the data presented, the countries can be conditionally divided into several categories:

Table 3 - Producing countries machine tool products in the world

The scale of Figure 2 does not allow us to see the dynamics of machine tool production in Russia, so we will make a larger picture, with the addition of Rosstat data on machine tool production in physical units for the period 1990–2014:

Figure 3 - Production of machine tools and KPO in Russia. [Source - Rosstat, Gardner Research]

The figure clearly shows that the production of machine tool products in physical units has stabilized at a small level over the past decade and does not tend to increase. But there is a one and a half times increase in the cost of production over 10 years (Table 2).

2. DEPENDENCE ON MACHINE IMPORTS IN RUSSIA AND COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.

In order to assess dependence on imports, one point needs to be clarified. Machine tools are imported to some extent in any country, even the most developed one. Like Japan or Germany. At the same time, it would be foolish to say that Germany or Japan are countries dependent on machine tool imports. Traditionally, commodity balance sheets calculate the share of imports in consumption as the ratio of imports to apparent consumption (including stocks) excluding exports, while exports are reported separately. Therefore, we have a certain share of imports in the consumption of oil, timber, etc., which can be traced from balance sheets. But such a calculation does not very clearly reflect the current state of affairs. And it also seems not very logical in the case of the machine tool industry in Japan or Germany. In my opinion, it is more correct to use the trade balance indicator, rather than the value of imports. And to assess the dependence on imports, it is necessary to calculate the ratio of the balance of trade in machine-tool industry products to its apparent consumption. Moreover, we do not know the data on stocks of products in different countries.

Apparent consumption in this case is a simple mathematical calculation based on statistics: production plus imports minus exports. True, this calculation does not separately take into account stocks at the beginning / end of the year, since there is no way to find them out for the case with machine tools. But it is unlikely that reserves are large in comparison with consumption, and excluding them from calculations cannot thus introduce any significant error. In addition, stocks are formed, among other things, due to imports, which the balances of commodity resources do not reflect.

Consumption of machine tool products of a new period in the history of Russia is characterized by two main trends: own production(see figure 3), as well as the continuous growth of imports of equipment. The current situation is clearly described in Figure 4, built on the basis of the above considerations.

Figure 4 - Dependence on imports in the consumption of metalworking equipment in Russia in 1991-2013 (calculated according to Rosstat data - the ratio of trade balance to apparent consumption)

From Figure 4, one can understand that the situation with the import of metalworking equipment has long gone beyond the softest reasonable limits of dependence. It would hardly be correct to say that the domestic machine tool industry is simply going through hard times and does not meet the needs of the economy. Rather, it lies in ruins. However, one must understand that Figure 4 is based on Rosstat data. And Rosstat, obviously, counts not only metal-cutting machines, but in general all metal-working equipment, as imports. If you look at the average prices of a piece of goods (divide the import price by the amount of imported equipment), then you can guess that in reality, not only machine tools and non-KPO were counted, but even hand tools that fell into this product classification. So, not hundreds of thousands of pieces of metal-cutting machine tools were imported, but rather within 10-30 thousand pieces. (more precisely, 14 thousand in 2014). And the real current dependence on imports of machine tools and KPO will be about 90%.

Figure 5 below shows a picture similar to this assessment.

The main suppliers of imported machine tools to Russian enterprises, according to the Stankoinstrument association in 2014, were:

Germany (30%);

Taiwan (11%);

Japan (11%);

Switzerland (7%);

Italy (7%);

Czech Republic (5%).

The list, as you can see, is mainly “partners”. Since one of largest customers machine-tool products (and most likely the largest) is the defense industry, then not only the dependence on the import of machine tools, but also the admission of "partners", as developers and equipment suppliers, to closed production with corresponding consequences is of concern.

Comparison of the dependence on imports of metalworking equipment with different countries is shown in Figure 5. It is worth noting that Figure 4 was built on the basis of data on physical production and foreign trade in machine tools and equipment in pieces, and Figure 5 - according to Gardner Research "The World Machine-Tool Output & Consumption Survey" is already in US dollars. Therefore, for our country, there may be discrepancies in the values ​​of the share of imports, which, however, do not cancel the general trend.

Figure 5 provides information on the import dependency of machine tools in 27 countries around the world. This number includes states with the highest level of production of these products. In the rest, obviously, production by world standards is insignificant, and they are completely dependent on imports.

Figure 5 - Dependence on imports in the consumption of metalworking equipment in the countries of the world in 2010-2014 (according to Gardner Research) (values ​​below the zero horizontal axis are given for better visibility of countries with zero values ​​of the indicator)

The following groups of countries can be distinguished:

Group 1. Countries with zero dependence (export of machine tools exceeds import): Germany, Japan, Italy, South Korea, Taiwan, Switzerland, Spain, Austria, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Belgium, Finland.

Group 2 Countries with little dependence (less than 30%): England, Sweden, Denmark, France, China.

Group 3. Countries heavily dependent on imports of machine tool products (import dependence 30–70%): Portugal, Turkey, Canada, India, Australia, USA.

Fourth group. Countries that are almost completely dependent on imports (dependence over 70%): Brazil, Russia, Mexico, Argentina. The fact that Russia is in the fourth group (the penultimate place in the list before Mexico) in terms of import dependence is not just an unpleasant fact. It is unacceptable in the current political situation in the world. Any restrictions on the import of products can have very negative consequences, not to mention the current problems. The depreciation of the ruble in 2014–2015 and the resulting decrease in imports of engineering products, on the one hand, will somewhat reduce import dependence. But if at the same time we do not increase our own production, then the problem of the obsolescence of the existing fleet and the decrease in the amount of installed equipment will be exacerbated.

3. AVAILABILITY AND RENEWAL OF THE FLEET OF METAL-WORKING EQUIPMENT.

Figure 6 - Installed stock of metalworking machine tools in the EU countries in 1995–2009, as well as forecast until 2025.

A complete breakdown of the equipment codes is given on pages 44–48, but it is enough to know that CNC machines are shown in red in the diagram.

In 1995, in the EU countries (27 countries), the installed equipment stock was about 3.9 million metalworking machines. Of these, CNC - 0.35 million (9%). By 2009, the installed stock had dropped to 3.5 million, but at the same time, the number of CNC machines, more modern and productive, had more than doubled to 0.75 million units. , or up to 21%.

Figure 7 - Newly installed metalworking equipment in EU countries in 1995–2009.

The number of newly installed equipment is in the range of 200-300 thousand annually, except for the crisis year of 2009.

3.1.1. England (for reference, before the creation of the EU).

In 1987 there were 745,983 machine tools. 54 832 pcs. (7.35%) of them were CNC. 70% of CNC machines were less than 5 years old. In 1990 CNC was a little over 10% of installed machines.

3.2. USA.

According to AMT in 1983, there were 2,896 thousand pieces of metalworking equipment in the USA (13th census, including the entire industry in storage). About 100 thousand of them were CNC machines. In 1987, 11% were CNC machines. 50% of CNC machines have been installed in the last 5 years.

In the future, sources do not report the exact values ​​​​of the machine park in the United States.

3.3. Russia.

In the USSR in 1986, according to a review of certain types of metal-cutting machine tools in the considered volume (2032.5 thousand pieces), they were:

CNC machines 36.9 thousand (1.8%);

Machine tools equipped with automatic manipulators with program control - 11.3 thousand (0.55%).

As you can see, the share of CNC machines in the USSR was about 5 times less than in the USA. And about three times less than in England.

Today in Russia the number of metalworking equipment is continuously decreasing (see table 4). The production of metal-cutting machine tools and KPO is shown in Figure 3. Figure 8 refines the production of machine tools, showing the output of CNC machines.

Figure 8 - production of CNC machines in Russia in 1970-2013

The annual number of newly installed equipment is estimated at up to 30 thousand units of machine tools per year, including imports. The situation is aggravated by the fact that the share of new equipment is small, and CNC machines, according to various estimates, make up about 5% of the fleet, while in the EU countries - 21%. It is also worth noting the almost complete dependence of our machine tool industry on the import of CNC systems, even for our own production of machine tools.

Table 4 - Russian machine park [according to the Ministry of Industry and Trade], thousand pieces.

Russia is already 5 times inferior to the EU in the number of machine tools, and this gap is constantly increasing. As a result, Russia's industrial (and presumably defense) potential is unlikely to increase in comparison with the EU. According to other data, the machine park in Russia is estimated at 1.25–1.3 million units, which may be an outdated estimate. Import of metalworking equipment (machines and KPO) in 2014 - 14 thousand pieces. The level of consumption is one third of what is needed.

4. AGE OF EQUIPMENT IN RUSSIA AND OTHER COUNTRIES.

4.1. European Union.

According to the VDMA (Association of German Mechanical Engineers), the average life expectancy of CNC machines is 9.5 years in the EU, non-CNC machines - 18.6 years. Based on the data in Figures 6 and 7, it is possible to estimate the share of equipment younger than 5 years at the end of 2009 at least 30%. It also shows that a little less than 4 million units were installed in 1995-2009. And since the available fleet of machine tools in 2009 was about 3.5 million units, the share of equipment older than 15 years is estimated as insignificant.

4.1.1. England (before the creation of the European Union).

In 1987, the average age of machine tools was 12 years old, 70% of CNC machine tools were under 5 years old.

4.2. Russia.

According to data in the USSR in 1962 there were 2606 thousand metal-cutting machine tools and KPO, in 1972 - 4893 thousand pieces. In 1983 - 6889 thousand units of installed equipment. According to the inventory data as of April 1, 1986, the age structure of the fleet of machinery and equipment was distributed as follows: 32% under 5 years old, 27.1% 6–10 years old, 26.2% 11–20 years old, 14.7% over 20 years old .

Age structure of certain types of machine tools ( certain types combine 2032.5 thousand pieces. machine tools) on April 1, 1986 was as follows: machine tools under 5 years old accounted for 19.2% of machine tools, 23% at the age of 6–10 years, 35.1% - 11–20 years old, 22.7% - over 20 years old.

Figure 9 - Distribution of industrial equipment in Russia by age groups (Data source: before 2004 - Rosstat, 2004–2013).

Note: for 1986–1989 in green shows equipment for the age category 11–20 years. Data up to 1989 refer to the USSR.

Figure 9 illustrates the change in the age structure of production equipment in Russia. But it must be borne in mind that the data in the figure relate to all production equipment as a whole. Specifically for metalworking equipment, the age indicators are even more disappointing: according to data in 2014, only 4.5% of the fleet of metalworking machines and presses was under 5 years old, and 75–80% of the fleet was operated for more than 20 years. The overwhelming majority of the equipment of enterprises is obsolete machine tools, the state of which is maintained by major repairs and modernization. But at the same time, the machine as a whole still remains at the same level of technology as it was at the time of release. That is - the USSR of the 70-80s.

Thus, the difference in age, and, consequently, in the qualitative composition of the domestic machine park and the EU is more than obvious.

Figure 10 - Average age of industrial equipment in Russia (Data source: before 2004 - Rosstat, 2004–2013).

4.3. USA.

According to AMT, the average age of machine tools in 1998 was 10 years, and by 2005 it had increased to 13 years, while in Russia by that time it had exceeded 20 years. It also considers the possible introduction of restrictions on the maximum age of operating equipment.

It is clear that the United States also faces the problem of obsolescence of production equipment, although to a much lesser extent than Russia.

Tables 5 and 6 are given for reference to determine the place of the USSR in the world machine park in the 80s.

Table 5 - Comparative age and fleet of machine tools in different countries of the world at the end 70s early 80s y.y. Metalworking equipment(Sources:,). In brackets in italics - CNC machines.

Table 6 - Comparative age and fleet of machines in different countries of the world at the end 70s early 80s y.y. Metal crushing equipment(Sources:,).

The USSR had good age characteristics of equipment by world standards. And in terms of the total fleet of equipment, it could compete with all modern "partners" combined. But in the USSR there was a relatively small share of CNC machines compared to the USA and England.

5. CONCLUSIONS.

Based on the available materials, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Russia is characterized by high import dependence on metalworking equipment. This situation is not typical for developed world countries, but is more suitable for third world countries. Do not forget that the main suppliers of equipment are "partners", relations with which recent times worsened.

2. With the overwhelming share of imports in the domestic market, the annual consumption of metalworking equipment does not correspond to the position of the world's leading industrial power. According to Gardner Research, Russia in 2015 will take only 9th place in the world (2.3% of world consumption), and Russia occupied the highest position in the list of equipment consumers in 2013 - seventh (2.7% of world consumption).

3. The available fleet of equipment is constantly decreasing, while there is no visible qualitative replacement with newer and more productive CNC equipment.

4. The share of obsolete equipment is very high compared to other countries (a more or less complete comparison of the age characteristics of equipment was obtained only with the EU countries).

6. SOLVING PROBLEMS IN MACHINE BUILDING. PROSPECTS OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION.

These problems create practically insurmountable obstacles to solving the problems of import substitution under the conditions of sanctions (especially the possible option of tightening them) without a multiple increase in support for the machine tool industry. Despite the apparent obviousness of the problem, little attention is paid to it. This is evidenced in the last decade by the stability of the phenomena described in Section 5. Conclusions. The neglect of the branches of group "A" creates the difficulties described above. The motto “we will buy everything abroad” may not always work, even when there is money. State programs are clearly insufficiently developed and are not aimed at achieving real positive results in the field of ensuring import substitution in the machine tool industry. It is clear that the very conversation about import substitution should begin with the area of ​​means of production, but in reality the opposite is true.

The subprogram "Development of the domestic machine tool and tool industry" for 2011-2016, which existed since 2011, provided for modest funding with a corresponding result. The program has not been running since 2014. Its place was taken by the State Program "Industrial Development and Increasing its Competitiveness". Among the list of expectations it is stated: “the results of the implementation of the Program for industries oriented to investment demand (engineering, machine-tool industry, etc.) will be:

Carrying out the modernization of the technological base;

A significant influx of extra-budgetary investments in the renewal of fixed assets and an increase in production capacity;

Formation of potential for development in world markets by increasing production efficiency and energy efficiency”.

The program as a whole includes 21 subprograms with a total funding of 1,060,159,151.4 thousand rubles for 2012–2020. The overall objectives of the Program promise to “create in Russian Federation competitive, sustainable, structurally balanced industry”. And for some reason, for most subroutines - with minimal effort. The subprogram "Machine-Tool Industry" related to the subject of the article provides for:

Reducing the critical dependence of Russian strategic organizations machine-building and military-industrial complexes (aircraft, rocket and space, shipbuilding and power engineering) from the supply of foreign technological means of machine-building production;

Ensuring the technological re-equipment of Russian engineering organizations and the process of constant reproduction and improvement of the production technologies used by them;

Increasing the volume of production of popular domestic machine tools and bringing the share of metal-cutting machine tools and forging and pressing machines with numerical control in the domestic market to 33 percent"

Financing of the industry is provided only for 2012-2016 centuries. in the amount of only 10,629,545 thousand rubles. On the one hand, this is not bad, since “agricultural engineering” [subprogram 2] does not provide for financing from the budget at all. But on the other hand, the volume of the market for machine tool products is over 200 billion rubles. annually (and the Program seems to be also aimed at stimulating exports), which casts doubt on the adequacy of the amount of allocated funds to the goals stated in the Program. It is worth quoting in this case the statement: “In practice, the expected results state support often do not have quantitative values, are weakly related to the selected instruments, their parameters, as well as the volume of required financial resources” .

At the same time, 795,567,534.2 thousand rubles. (75% of the budget appropriations of the Program) during 2012-2020 was assigned to the account of subprogram 1 "Automotive industry", which reveals a huge imbalance in the priorities of the State Program. Compared to the automotive industry, other industries, with the exception of the defense industry, receive little or no funding. It turns out that "the creation in the Russian Federation of a competitive, sustainable, structurally balanced industry" applies only to cars and the defense industry. The industry that produces the means of production for that very “competitive and sustainable industry” clearly falls out of the list. And if for the automotive industry there are clear target indicators of output in physical terms, the age structure of the car fleet and market share by the end of the subprogram, then the rest of the subprograms, including the machine tool one, are mainly limited to general vague formulations.

It is easy to guess that the situation existing approach by 2020 will not change much. The state is trying to avoid responsibility for the fate of the machine tool industry, and the existing development program is very superficially related to the problems of the industry and does not bode well for real positive changes.

In order to eliminate the accumulated problems, it is first of all necessary to move away from a fragmented approach with individual industries falling out of sight. The general development program should provide for a systematic approach, development without distortions, similar to the State Program discussed above. With a clearer vision of long-term goals and a more realistic approach to spending funds and resources to achieve them. Formal optimistic formulations without specifics do not reflect the current state of affairs, do not make it possible to assess the feasibility of program indicators and justify the expenditure of funds in areas.

It will be useful to eliminate disunity a large number machine-tool enterprises, small by modern standards, by consolidating into one state corporation in the likeness of UAC, UEC and USC. Created at the moment "Stankoprom" was the first step in this direction. The holding is in the process of formation, and naturally should be replenished manufacturing enterprises in the future for more organized work according to stated goals.

The state support program for the machine tool industry mainly consists of R&D expenses, but these expenses are small. In addition, they do not bring the desired benefit, since the developed piece of equipment was ordered by the Ministry, and not by a specific customer interested in the delivery and operation of the equipment. Therefore, we also need real significant preferences for the development, renovation and modernization of existing industries, aimed not only at machine tool builders, but also at other manufacturers. In addition to the defense industry, coverage should also be provided for other branches of engineering, with an emphasis on support for the use of domestically produced equipment. Preferential and zero rates on loans for the purchase of new domestic equipment, reimbursement of expenses for the supply of machine-tool equipment for export, tax incentives, taking a number of expenses of machine-tool builders into the budget account and other similar solutions. From point of view systems approach it will be more true. Otherwise, foreign manufacturers will always win the fight in our market due to the fact that they can offer more favorable conditions and an accelerated procedure for purchasing equipment.

Without much comment, it is worth quoting:

« mr Andreev notes that the position of defense industry enterprises seeking to purchase imported equipment at any cost is largely forced. „ Defense enterprises are squeezed into a very rigid framework of our budget system: they have to buy everything quickly. Because an investment contract can be concluded between an enterprise and the state, due to the peculiarities of our budget system, only for a year, although the investment project is planned for two three five years. The fact is that although we formally have a three-year budget planning, in reality it is an annual. As a result, the performer only in the first quarter, at best, finds out what funds he will receive for this year. In fact, in the second, even in the third quarter. And they are faced with having to spend the money before the end of the year. This means not just paying for the equipment, but also getting it by closing the supply. That is, to accept this equipment. Of course, in such conditions, defense industry enterprises are trying to buy machine tools from a warehouse. Foreign machine-tool builders have a warehouse, while Russian ones practically do not, due to their disastrous financial situation.

That is why, Alexander Andreev believes, if the state wants defense industry enterprises to purchase Russian machine tools, it must assume financial obligations, at least for some protected part investment project for the entire duration of its implementation.

In addition, notes mr Andreev, Russian machine tool builders do not have enough resources to quickly put the developed machines into series and bring them to the market.”

The localization of foreign production and the production of components within the country has reverse side. On the one hand, it is logical to increase the share of localization, since an increase in sales of machine tools assembled using the SKD method from imported kits, in reality, is not import substitution and does not create jobs. Based on this, it is necessary to include in a holding or create joint ventures for the production of components so that import substitution does not turn into a formality with screwing a domestic nameplate onto an imported product. Of course, this requires very different costs compared to the amounts included in state support programs. On the other hand, it is worth quoting:

“Chairman of the Board of Directors of Kaskol Sergey Nedoroslev, who controls a number of machine-tool enterprises, including the Sterlitamak Machine-Tool Plant, gave an example from the history of his aviation business, when he and the Italian company Agusta were going to create a joint venture in Russia for the production of helicopters: “Its owner, Mr. Caporaletti, told me that he agrees to do everything in Russia, except for the gearbox and blades, because this is the helicopter. “All my life, for forty years, I have been going to this business, but do you think I will come to you, to your country, and give it away?”

According to many of our respondents, most foreign companies that set up joint ventures to manufacture machine tools here will do the same. They can agree to any localization they want, but there will always be a node that they will leave behind, because this is the machine. Consequently, we will be dependent on a foreign partner, which is simply dangerous in today's international environment...

… sanctions are not needed to restrict trade in dual-use goods. Tomorrow, the sanctions may be lifted, but restrictions on the machine tool industry will still remain. And then the problem of localization of the “reducer and blades” may turn out to be a threat that cannot be overcome in principle.”

In general, the issues and ways to solve them have long been known and have been discussed many times. But no one can just take and solve them the right way. Stankoprom sets the goal of occupying 70% of the machine tool market in 2020 with a rather modest planned financing of 26.5 billion rubles. (obviously, not only due to budgetary sources). It is clear that the stated goal with the announced costs has little chance of success. For 10 months of 2015, the production of machine tools amounted to only 2.3 thousand pieces (88% compared to January-October 2014). The approximate volume of production of machine tools for the year can be expected at the level of 3,000. Knowing the approximate volume of deliveries to Russian enterprises in the amount of at least 15 thousand pieces. (although the real need of the industry, due to the outdated and constantly decreasing fleet of machine tools, is several times greater), in order to reach the level of 70%, it will be necessary to increase the production of machine tools by at least 3.5 times by 2020. And this is hardly feasible with the current volume of funding and the known problems of the industry . In reality, the indicated amount will be sufficient to re-equip 5–7 enterprises over several years. But on the scale of modernization and transition of the industry to a fundamentally new level of 26.5 billion for 5 years, the amount is inappropriate.

Recently, an additional complicating factor in the development of the domestic machine tool industry has appeared. The main market niche of Russian machine tool builders is machine tools of the lower and middle price category. As a rule, without CNC. In recent years, we have been supplanted in this segment by China, which, other things being equal, offers more low prices. In other words, quite tough competition has emerged in a field that has become traditional for us over the past decades.

In the current situation and with the current policies and volumes of support, the chances for an improvement in the situation are slim.

NOTES:

Statistics - [Electronic resource] / Project "Historical materials" - Access mode: http://istmat.info/statistics

Corporate Information Disclosure Center (project of the Interfax news agency) - [Electronic resource] / Interfax - Access mode: http://www. e-disclosure.ru/

Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration, IZM. Department of Environmental and Reliability Engineering. Energy use Product Group Analysis - Lot 5. Machine tools and related machinery. Task 2 Report - Economic and Market Analysis. Berlin, August 1, 2012. pp. 26, 42, 68.

Metalworking Insiders' Report, Machine Tool Scoreboard, updated July 24, 2009

"The state rises to the machine" - [Electronic resource] / Newspaper "Kommersant" - Access mode: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2633606

“The cluster will move imports. In the machine tool industry, active import substitution should take place" - [Electronic resource] / " Russian newspaper» - Access mode: http://www.rg.ru/2014/10/14/stanki. html

Scientific and technical progress in the USSR. Statistical collection. "Finance and Statistics". Moscow, 1990.

Karsuntseva O.V. "Formation and implementation of a strategy to increase the level of use of the production potential of engineering enterprises" / O. V. Karsuntseva // Samara, 2014.

State program "Development of industry and increase of its competitiveness". Official portal of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. URL: http://www.minpromtorg.gov.ru

Subprogram "Development of the domestic machine tool and tool industry" for 2011-2016. - [Electronic resource] / Ministry Economic Development Russian Federation - Access mode: fcp.economy.gov.ru/ cgi-bin /cis/fcp.cgi/Fcp/ViewFcp/View/2014/352

“The IMTS2004 exhibition is a positive trend. Under the sign of hope" - [Electronic resource] / "Machine tools, modern technologies and tools for metalworking" - Access mode: http://www.stankoinform.ru/ exhibition-article /imts2004.htm

"Entrepreneur and the state: do not miss each other on the way" - [Electronic resource] / Ritm magazine, August 2015 - Access mode: http://www. metobr-expo .ru/common/img/uploaded/exhibitions/metalloobrabotka/docs/2015/RITM_104_Predprinimatel_i_gosudarstvo.pdf

Logistics provision of the national economy of the USSR: Statistical collection / Goskomstat of the USSR. - M.: Finance and statistics, 1988. - 255 p.

Testimony of dr. Paul Freedenberg Vice President - Government Relations AMT. Committee on Small Business. MAY 17, 2007. - [Electronic resource] / The Association for Manufacturing Technology - Access mode: https://www.amtonline.org/article_download.cfm?article_id=51383§ion_id=105

Why Japanese Factories Work. Robert H. Hayes. July, 1981 Issue. Electronic resource] / - Access mode: https://hbr.org/1981/07/why- japanese-factories-work

Industrial Cultures and Production. Understanding Competitiveness. Laurge Rasmussen. Technical University of Denmark, Institute of Technology & Social Sciences. Springer-Verlag London Limited 1996. [Electronic resource] - Access mode:

"We can't do without our worms" - [Electronic resource] / "Expert online" - Access mode: http://expert.ru/expert/2014/37/bez-svoih- chervyakov-ne-obojdemsya /

"The Machine Tool Industry". Frederick v. Geier. The Analysts Journal. Vol. 6, no. 3 (THIRD QUARTER, 1950), pp. 27–29.

Specialization Versus. Diversity in Local Economies: The Implications for Innovative Private Sector Behavior. Bennett Harrison (Harvard University); Maryellen R. Kelley (Massachusetts Institute of Technology); Jon Gant (Carnegie Mellon University). [Electronic resource] - Access mode: http://www.huduser.gov/Periodicals/CITYSCPE/VOL2NUM2/harrison.pdf

Filatov D.A. “Development of a mechanism for state support strategic development machine tool industry in the Russian Federation" / D. A. Filatov // Moscow, 2014.

"Programmable Automation Technologies" [Electronic resource] - Access mode:

Machine-tool and tool industry - branches of engineering that create for all industries metalworking and woodworking machines, automatic and semi-automatic lines, complex-automatic production for the manufacture of machines, equipment and products from metal and other structural materials, forging and pressing, foundry and woodworking equipment. Machine tool building is a mirror of the development of mechanical engineering, and the development of this industry can largely be judged on the development of the industrial potential of the country.

Currently, there are about 100 enterprises in the machine-tool industry of Russia. In 2011, it was noted that, according to official data from the relevant ministries, the machine-tool industry of Russia includes 46 enterprises producing metal-cutting machines, 25 plants specializing in the manufacture of forging and pressing equipment, 29 manufacturers of cutting, measuring, metalwork and assembly tools, as well as seven scientific - research institutes and 45 design bureaus.

Among the Russian machine tool enterprises:

NPO "Machine Tool" (Sterlitamak)

Stankotekh (Kolomna)

Ivanovo Heavy Machine Tool Plant

RSZ (Ryazan)

Grinding Machines (Moscow)

Astrakhan Machine Tool Plant

Krasnodar Machine Tool Plant

Simbirsk Machine Tool Plant (Ulyanovsk)

Stangidromash (Samara)

Sasta (Ryazan region)

Lipetsk Machine Tool Enterprise

Stan-Samara

Volzhsky Machine-Building Plant (Tolyatti)

Middle Volga Machine Tool Plant (Samara)

Savelovsky Machine-Building Plant (Kimry)

VNIIInstrument (Moscow)

VSZ Technique (Vladimir)

VSZ - Salyut (Moscow)

Kirov-Stankomash (St. Petersburg)

St. Petersburg Precision Machine Tool Plant (St. Petersburg)

Ulyanovsk Plant of Heavy and Unique Machine Tools

Stankomashstroy (Penza)

Tver Machine Tool Plant

PKF "Stankoservis" (Ryazan)

KOVOSVIT

It is planned that regional machine tool clusters will be created in St. Petersburg, Tatarstan, Rostov, Ulyanovsk and Sverdlovsk regions. The main areas of their activity will be engineering and system integration in the field of machine-building technologies, the production of original Russian equipment, the design of modern production facilities, and the training of qualified personnel for the industry.

Holding "Stankoprom"

The Stankoprom holding was established in 2013 under the auspices of the state corporation Rostec as a system integrator of Russian machine-tool enterprises. It controls the import of equipment, combines foreign developments with Russian assembly, develops Russian R&D and implements them.

The holding was established on the basis of OJSC RT-Stankoinstrument and OJSC RT-Mashinostroenie and is their legal successor. Stankoprom has the status of the parent organization of the Rostec State Corporation in the field of machine tool building and tool production. In 2014, the holding's consolidated assets were estimated at 15 billion rubles. The planned investments are about 30 billion rubles, of which own financial resources are 5.5 billion rubles, and 11 billion rubles are private investments and bank loans in the ratio of 50 to 50. The strategic task of the Stankoprom holding is to ensure the long-term technological independence and competitiveness of Russian engineering by creating competitive domestic means of machine-building production. The holding aims to achieve by 2020 the share of domestic metal-cutting machine tools in 70%, while the holding may become the only supplier of machine tools for defense enterprises.

2011

By 2011, Russia ranked 21st among countries in the world in terms of machine tool production.

year 2012

In 2012, 3,321 metal-cutting machines and 4,270 woodworking machines were produced in Russia.

In January 2012, one of the world leaders in the machine tool industry, the German company Gildemeister, acquired a land plot in Ulyanovsk for the construction of a plant for the production of high-precision machine tools for metalworking. On October 23 of the same year, the construction of the plant began. It is planned that the plant will produce up to 1000 machines per year.

year 2013

In 2013, 180 enterprises that are members of the Stankoinstrument Association produced products worth 26.6 billion rubles.

In October 2013, the government of the Rostov region signed a cooperation agreement with the leadership of Vnesheconombank, according to which this development institution becomes the main creditor of the project to create a machine-tool cluster in the region based on the Azov forging and pressing equipment plant Donpressmash. According to Alexander Grebenshchikov, Minister of Industry and Energy of the Rostov Region, the total cost of the project is 2.3 billion rubles. The cluster's anchor investor is MTE Kovosvit MAS, a joint machine tool company established on a parity basis in July 2012 by the Russian MTE group and the Czech Kovosvit MAS a.s., one of the leading European manufacturers of turning and milling machines, machining centers and technical solutions.

year 2014

In 2014, structural changes began in the range of products manufactured by Russian machine-tool enterprises, characterized by an increase in the output of equipment with numerical control (CNC) and machining centers, which increases the share of science-intensive products and has a positive effect on the added value of products.

2015

In 2015, the production of machine tools at the enterprises of the Stankoinstrument Association amounted to 1873 units. or 172.8% to the level of 2014. Individual enterprises of the Association showed more than 2-fold growth compared to 2014 (JSC Stankotekh, Kolomna - 273%, LLC NPO Machine Tool Building, Sterlitamak - 243%).

In 2015, one of the significant events for the industry was the formation of a major private player in the machine tool market - the STAN company, which mainly included the assets of the largest Russian enterprises, including heavy machine tools: Ivanovo Heavy Machine Tool Plant LLC (Ivanovo) , Stankotekh JSC / KZTS CJSC (Kolomna), Ryazan Machine Tool Plant LLC (Ryazan), NPO Machine Building LLC (Sterlitamak), as well as Grinding Machines LLC (Ryazan). Moscow).

On November 11, 2015, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich said: “Just yesterday, we discussed in the government the issues of machine tool building, an industry that has long remained outside the scope of an active industrial policy. In the last year, the policy has become purposeful, the machine tool industry comes to the fore. Of course, today the military-industrial complex is the driver of demand for machine tool products, and a significant amount of resources spent on the implementation of the defense industry program is formed simply for our machine tool plants, they have begun to use this: holdings are already being created that unite our leading machine tool enterprises. One example is the STAN holding company, which already unites four large enterprises. It produces high-quality products that are absolutely comparable to foreign analogues, and it does it faster, and, moreover, it is competitive in price.”

2016

In March 2016, Russian-Japanese mass production with a capacity of 120 CNC machines per year was opened in Yekaterinburg.

prospects

A Russian-Chinese enterprise for the production of high-precision metalworking machine tools will be created in the Moscow Region. The total investment in 2016-2017 in the project for the production of high-precision machine tools and CNC machining centers exceeds 110 million euros. The enterprise will start operating in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region in 2017.

One of the projects planned for implementation under the special investment contract is a joint venture between the Ulyanovsk Machine Tool Plant and the German-Japanese concern DMG MORI SEIKI; The project provides for the production of a wide range of turning and milling machining centers with an output of more than 1,000 machines per year by 2017. The project provides for the creation of an engineering center for personnel training, as well as the development of new models of metal-cutting equipment in Russia.

The project of MTE Kovosvit Mas LLC provides for the creation by 2018 of a modern high-tech production of metalworking machine tools for turning and milling groups, as well as multifunctional metalworking centers of the Kovosvit company (Czech Republic). The area of ​​the plant will be 33 thousand m2.

Kovrov Electromechanical Plant, together with the Japanese manufacturer TAKISAWA, is localizing the production of a new generation of turning and milling machining centers.

The volume of production of machine tools in Russia:

2012 - about 3 billion rubles;

2013 - about 3.5 billion rubles;

2014 - about 4 billion rubles;

2015 - about 7 billion rubles.

New productions launched from 2011 to 2017

1. A new workshop for the production of machine tools was opened in Tryokhgorny
At the site of the new workshop in Trekhgorny, several types of the most popular milling, turning and other types of machine tools for mechanical engineering will be produced, which, in terms of their technological characteristics, are not inferior to foreign counterparts at a significantly lower price. Volume of investments: more than 1 billion rubles.

2. "Production complex" Akhtuba "opened a modernized workshop for the production of machine tools with numerical control
The grand opening of the renovated section of the mechanical assembly production of machine tools with numerical control took place at JSC "Production Complex" Akhtuba ".

3. A factory for the production of oilfield equipment and tools was opened in Kurgan
On August 1, a plant for the production of oilfield equipment and tools was opened in Kurgan. The construction of the plant was made possible thanks to the joint efforts of the American company Varel International (Varel International) and its Russian partner NewTech Services (New Tech Services) from Moscow.

In total, more than 446 million rubles were invested in production. The enterprise will create more than 60 jobs.

4. A new workshop for the production of progressive cutting tools was opened at OAO Votkinsky Zavod (Udmurtia). Production is import-substituting.

According to the head of the enterprise, this workshop is the first and so far the only one in Russia. The plant has 525 CNC machines, including more than 100 machining centers, including 52 high-speed ones.
The new workshop will fully meet the needs of this equipment, significantly increase the cutting speed and increase productivity. Estimated output of the tool is 50,000 pieces per year.

5. In the Vladimir region, at JSC "Kovrovsky Electromechanical Plant", an assembly plant for machine tools of the Japanese company TAKISAWA was opened.
Takisawa transfers to Kovrov Electromechanical Plant the right to use technical information for the assembly, sale, commissioning and maintenance of CNC lathes model TS-4000 in Russia and the CIS countries.
At the first stage, the volume of production can be up to 600 units per year, later - in cooperation with the machine-tool enterprises of the region - up to 1700 units.

6. A ceremony dedicated to the release of the first Russian machine tools of the German-Japanese concern "DMG Mori Seiki" took place in Ulyanovsk.
Ulyanovsk Machine Tool Plant LLC has launched the assembly of the first SIEMENS numerically controlled machine tools of the latest ECOLINE design series. So far, the assembly is being carried out on leased areas. By the end of 2014, about 100 machines will be assembled here.
The construction of a plant worth 3.2 billion rubles is underway. When the enterprise reaches full capacity, the number of machines produced will be 1000 pcs. in year. It is planned to create 200 jobs.

7. In Tatarstan, on the territory of the SEZ "Alabuga" the opening of a new plant of the Russian company "Interskol" took place
The Interskol-Alabuga plant will provide up to 40% import substitution in the power tool industry. The volume of investments in the first stage of the plant amounted to 1.5 billion rubles. Currently, the plant employs 200 people.
In 2015, it is planned to complete the construction of the second stage of the plant, and by the end of 2017 to put into operation the third stage. In addition to electric tools, small-scale mechanization of production, welding machines, compressors and much more will be produced here. A total of 2,000 jobs are planned to be created.

8. In Ulyanovsk, in the Zavolzhye industrial park, a new plant for the production of machine tools was opened.
Investments of the German-Japanese concern DMG MORI amounted to 3 billion rubles. By 2018, the enterprise will create 250 jobs. It is planned that the localization of production will be 50%.
The plant will produce three types of machines of the ecoline series: machines for turning, milling and milling vertical machining centers. the production capacity of the plant is 1,200 machines with the possibility of increasing production up to 1500 - 2000 machines per year.

9. Small-scale production of turning machining centers JSC Joint Technological Enterprise Perm Plant of Metalworking Centers (Perm)
On November 27, in the microdistrict Novye Lyady, a presentation of the assembly site for small-scale production of a series of turning metalworking equipment of JSC "Joint Technological Enterprise" Perm Plant of Metalworking Centers "(JSC" STP "PZMTs") was held.
Representatives of 29 machine-building enterprises of Russia took part in the presentation: representatives of top management and technical specialists of the enterprises of Roskosmos, the United Engine Corporation, the Perm Machine-Building Complex, the Leningrad Mechanical Plant named after K. Liebknecht, the Voronezh Mechanical Plant, the Progress Rocket and Space Center "(Samara), OJSC "Votkinsky Plant", OJSC "Turbina" (Chelyabinsk).
The guests visited the GTPP assembly shop of Proton-PM PJSC, where the small-scale production of Proton T500 and Proton T630 machine tools is located, and also saw the process of processing a heat-resistant alloy part. The capacities of this production site allow to produce up to 50 machines per year.

10. Assembly production of Genos L lathes of the Ural Machine-Building Corporation Pumori (Ekaterinbrug)
Ural Machine-Building Corporation "Pumori" solemnly opened in Yekaterinburg on the basis of the company "Pumori-engineering invest" serial production of metal-cutting machining centers "Okuma-Pumori" (Russia-Japan)
The plan for 2016 is 40 machines with a subsequent annual increase to 120 by 2020. Now localization is more than 30%, from 2018 it should exceed 70%. Economic sanctions hinder full cooperation.

11. Plant for the production of metal-cutting tools of the German company Guhring (Nizhny Novgorod)
The plant of the Guering company, one of the leaders in the production of metal-cutting tools, opened in Nizhny Novgorod on July 21. The enterprise was built from scratch and has no analogues in Russia. Investments in the project amounted to 6 million euros. In the future, the plant will create more than a hundred additional jobs.
Investments in the project amounted to 6 million euros.
The enterprise, which has no analogues in Russia yet, is intended for the production of special-purpose tools, which were previously imported from Germany. Also provided are small standard rulers, axial tools with a diameter of 2.5 to 32 mm - drills, cutters and much more.

Subscribe to us

Aviation Plant No. 168. Swage

Gardner Research has released a new World Machine Tool Survey 2016 (51st annual since 1966) that shows the world's machine tool manufacturers, machine tool consumption by country and world trade machines in 2014-15, as well as the forecast for the current 2016. The review covers 60 states producing or consuming machine tools to any extent.

Reviews over early years discussed in the article

1 - World consumption of machine tools

It is reasonable to assume that today's consumption of machine tools determines the possibilities of tomorrow's production. Since, by purchasing a certain amount of equipment, manufacturers update their current capacities and increase the opportunities for increasing production in the future. And if, for example, China is now many times ahead of its closest competitor - the United States - in terms of the consumption of machine tools, then it must be assumed that in the near future it will outstrip the United States in industrial production approximately to the extent that it is now ahead of the Americans in updating and installing new equipment.

World consumption of machine tools reached a historical high in 2011-2012. and has been declining since then. If consumption growth in 2003-2008 was due to approximately equal growth in demand in Europe and Asia, then growth in 2010-11. mainly in Asian countries. The fall in sales of machine tools that has been observed in the past few years is also in direct proportion to the decline in demand in Asian countries.

Figure 1 - World production and consumption of machine tools in the world, billion dollars. in 2015 prices.

Figure 2 - World consumption of machine tools in the world by region, billion dollars. in 2015 prices.

For Europe and North America, the consumption of machine tools is characterized by a 40-year stagnation. Since 1976, the volume of consumption has changed only as a result of crisis phenomena in countries, but on the whole it fluctuates around the same value. About $ 20 billion in Europe and $ 10 billion in North America, as it was in 1976, as it is in 2015. Considering that the consumption of machine tools in the whole world has increased over 40 years, this stagnation is turning into relative values into the fall.

The world growth in the consumption of machine tools from 1976 to the present is provided by Asian countries. And even despite the market decline since 2012, Asian countries provide about 60% of the world's machine tool consumption in 2015.

At the expense of Brazil in 2005-2012. a relatively small increase in consumption in South America was provided by world standards. However, the Brazilian crisis nullified this success.

At the moment (2015) there is no drop in the consumption of machine tools only in Europe and Africa (since there is simply no consumption in African countries).

Table 1 - Consumers of machine tools in the world in 2014-2016, million dollars

Countries ranked by consumption in 2015

Figure 3 - TOP-20 countries-consumers of machine-tool equipment, million $ [Source - Gardner Research].

As of 2015, there were 14 countries consuming machine tools worth over $14 billion. In 2014, there were 17 such countries. Conventionally, 5 groups of countries can be distinguished:

Table 2 - The division of countries according to the level of consumption of machine tools.

The first 4 countries (group "A" and "B") are the main production centers of mechanical engineering in the world now and, obviously, will remain so in the near future. Group "B" in 2015 left South Korea. China, the US and Germany are reducing consumption. Japan as a whole shows constancy.

Countries of the "third tier" (group "B"), large consumers of equipment. Accordingly, they are and will continue to be major manufacturers in the engineering industry, but not very noticeable on a global scale. There is a noticeable increase in the consumption of machine tools in Italy. The decline is most marked in Thailand and Switzerland.

The rest of the countries are unlikely to play a significant role in the future of world engineering. Although the states of groups "G" and "D" are known for certain positions and still play a significant role in world exports of engineering products. These are primarily European countries. But, based on the current level of consumption of machine tools compared with other countries, it must be assumed that their role will decrease.

2 - World production of machine tools

Table 3 - Manufacturers of machine tools in the world in 2014-2014, million dollars

Countries ranked by production in 2015

Figure 4 - TOP-20 machine tool manufacturing countries, million $ [Source - Gardner Research].

Almost all TOP-20 countries showed a decrease in production, except for Russia and India.

Based on the data presented, the countries can be conditionally divided into several categories:

Table 4 - Machine tool manufacturing countries in the world.

3 - Machine tool imports and share of imports in consumption

Table 5 - Importers of machine tools in the world in 2015, million dollars, the size of consumption of machine tools and the share of imports in their consumption.

Countries are ranked by import volume.

Figure 5 - TOP-20 machine tool importing countries, million $ [Source - Gardner Research].

Contrary to the notion that China is an assembly site for Western equipment, it can be seen that China has the least dependence on machine tool imports of all the countries represented after Japan.

We depend on imports of machine tools by 81%. This is not bad enough, because in 2013-14. dependence was close to 90%. Although, 80% is the level of 2010-11.

Figure 6 - TOP-20 importing countries of machine tool equipment, % of imports in the consumption of machine tools [Source - Gardner Research].

Exotic dependence figures of more than 100% testify to the resale nature of foreign trade in machine tools for a given country.

4 - Export of machines

Table 6 - Exporters of machine tools in the world in 2015, million dollars

In terms of exports, Russia is in 30th place: 0.15% of world exports of machine tools (between Slovenia and Australia). It is interesting that Ukraine is in 39th place with the export of machine tools, only 2.5 times less than the Russian one.

In fact, there are 2 main exporters of machine tools in the world - Germany and Japan. Italy, China, Taiwan, Switzerland, South Korea and the USA are second tier countries of exporters.

Figure 7 - TOP-10 exporting countries of machine tool equipment, % of world exports [Source - Gardner Research].

5 - Balance international trade machines

Table 7 - Balance of trade in machine tools in 2015, million dollars

A positive balance of trade in machine tools is observed only in 13 countries. Oddly enough, these countries include Hong Kong. The top three, of course: Japan, Germany and Taiwan. Also among the net exporters is Singapore, which, according to some opinions, “produces nothing”.

In general, we almost managed to catch up with China and the United States. By the size of the negative balance of trade in machine tools. Only due to the difference in the volume of consumption, this negative balance is 81% of consumption in our country, 61% in the USA, and only 31% in China of the total consumption (see Table 5).

6 - Consumption of machine tools per capita

The latter indicator in a sense shows the development of the country's engineering industry (like, for example, GDP per capita), regardless of its actual size.

Slovakia

Netherlands

Croatia

Finland

Portugal

Belarus

Norway

Malaysia

Bulgaria

Ireland

Australia

Saudi Arabia

Argentina

Kazakhstan

Brazil

Indonesia

Azerbaijan

Colombia

Philippines

Venezuela

Conditionally countries can be divided into:

A: Switzerland. The highest level of consumption of machine tools per capita. An unattainable level for other countries in the foreseeable future.

"B": Consumption level 45-80 $ per capita. Germany, Korea, Slovenia, Austria, Singapore, Taiwan, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Japan.

In terms of gross output of engineering products, not all countries of group "A" or "B" are ahead of the rest. But, nevertheless, despite their small size, the countries of these groups have a highly developed engineering industry.

"B": $10-33 per capita. 31 states. Among which are: Russia, USA, China, Belarus, Israel, Sweden, England and France. And, oddly enough, Saudi Arabia and Vietnam.

"G": Other countries. From Algeria to Iran and Ghana.

Interestingly, in terms of machine tool consumption per capita, China is ahead of France and England and not far behind the United States. Not to mention the huge difference in gross consumption (see table 1).

Ukraine.. Alas. The future of Ukrainian mechanical engineering is clearly defined.

Figure 8 - TOP-20 countries-consumers of machine tools per capita, $ [Source - Gardner Research].

12. Machine tool industry of the world

The world production of machine tools at the end of the 1990s amounted to more than 1.2 million pieces. Once being the world's machine tool industry, Russia has practically lost this industry. Currently, for the production of machine-tool products, the following stand out:

Japan (200 thousand units)

13. Agricultural engineering of the world.

Agricultural engineering has a consumer location factor and is therefore concentrated in the main agricultural regions of the world. Developed countries that have achieved the highest level of mechanization Agriculture, reduce the production of agricultural machinery, paying attention to improving its quality and technological capabilities, are gradually losing their leadership to developing countries in absolute terms of production. Currently, the production of tractors stands out:

Japan (150 thousand units)

India (100 thousand units)

USA (about 100 thousand pieces)

The leading position of Japan is explained by its specialization in the production of mini-tractors, and in the rest of the world, as a rule, medium and powerful tractors are produced.

Table 7

14. Grouping of countries according to the level of development of mechanical engineering

15. Distribution of engineering products

Almost ¾ of engineering products are redistributed among developed countries. This is due to the fact that developing countries cannot afford large expenditures on science. Developed capitalist and new industrial countries are distinguished by the scale of engineering products intended for export, and hence their increased attention to improving the quality of their products.

The main cargo flows of engineering products are distributed as follows:

Japan Þ USA

USA Þ Western Europe

The machine-building complex of Russia, Ukraine and other CIS countries, China, India, Brazil works mainly on domestic market, and this often leads to the production of low quality products.

Bibliography

Geography of Russian industry. – M.; enlightenment, 1990

New in the world (Figures and facts). - M .; "Business Bustard", 1999

Preparing for the exam (Economic geography grades 9-11). – M.; "OLMA-PRESS", 2000

Textbook (Economic and social geography of the world). - M.; enlightenment, 1998

Geography (3 volumes). – V.P. Maksakovskiy.

Geography of the world economy. – M.; 1991. Pp. 114.

USA, Germany and some other European countries, although recently it has been gradually moving to less developed countries. CHAPTER 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MACHINE-BUILDING COMPLEX ON THE EXAMPLE OF SOME COUNTRIES 3.1 Mechanical engineering of Japan Mechanical engineering of Japan is a rather motley structural formation. Big role belongs to the modernized industries of mass...

... ") in the production of engineering products continues to be insignificant, and there is no need to talk about fundamental shifts in the world engineering industry. 2. Peculiarities of development and placement of the machine-building complex of the Russian Federation 2.1. Features of the location of mechanical engineering in Russia Mechanical engineering differs from other industries in a number of features that affect its ...

In the form of a set of regional machine-building formations, therefore, simultaneously with the search for directions for achieving any general economic goals, the corresponding rational territorial proportions in the development of machine-building in the forecast period are determined. As for all tasks of this level, forecasting the development of mechanical engineering is carried out in unified system economic...

A farm whose main purpose is to provide the urban population with fresh and non-transportable food products: vegetables, berries, milk, eggs. 5. The oil industry of the world (NP) is characterized by a geography feature, which consists in the fact that more than 4/5 of the reserves and about 1/2 of oil production are in developing countries. Most of the oil produced in developing countries is...