There are a lot of options for organizing protected ground, but which design of the greenhouse will be the best in a particular case - here you need to figure it out properly. Every farmer with imagination can improve the classic version and invent his own greenhouse in this way, but if you do not take into account the basic requirements and do not take into account the calculations of professionals, the early harvest may be in jeopardy.

The main types of greenhouses by design

traditional arch shape

Greenhouses differ from each other in shape, size, foundation, frame and coating materials. To choose the best option for yourself, you need to consider all existing species greenhouses and their designs. The difference lies not only in functionality, but also in ease of installation, cost and compactness. Only after evaluating all these parameters, you can proceed to the choice.

Greenhouse-arch - simplicity of design and installation

The most popular and easy-to-use option is an arched greenhouse, which is a light frame of several arches connected by transverse elements. This type is economical, since the semi-circular shape can significantly save the coating material.

A small arch covered with a film

The versatility of this type of greenhouse lies in the fact that it is equally good both in a mini-format for a summer cottage and in an industrial version for growing vegetables in large volumes. The design is considered one of the most reliable and durable. The main advantages of the greenhouse-arch:

• the ability to add or remove any number of sections;
• snow does not linger on the surface;
• you can assemble an arch greenhouse with your own hands without complicated calculations;
• low cost of materials.

This type of greenhouses also has disadvantages, which should not be forgotten either:

• it is impossible to use glass;
• the space inside is not always possible to use rationally.

The arched design does not allow placing racks or shelves on the walls. The height of the room is not the same, which makes it impossible to grow plants of the same height throughout the area.

It is best suited for low to medium crops. In this case, the entire heated volume is not used. Thus, this type of greenhouse requires high heating costs.

Large arched greenhouse

For ventilation, arched greenhouses use the front door, and in large buildings, additional ventilation windows and transoms are installed. If the frame and cover are made of lightweight materials, and the greenhouse itself is not very large, you can do without a stationary foundation during installation.

At the ends of the arches, long bars of reinforcement are installed, which are attached to the ground. Larger greenhouses require mandatory installation on the foundation.

Single slope or adjoining construction

For home use, it is advisable to build greenhouses adjacent to another building. Another popular and simple greenhouse design is a shed. Such a model can be built near the house or any outbuilding. Shed greenhouse is one inclined plane adjacent to the supporting wall. Thanks to this support, the cost of the greenhouse frame is significantly reduced.

Location next to a brick wall

Another advantage of a shed design is thermal insulation. Brick, wooden, concrete wall - it does not matter. In any case, the thermal insulation properties of the wall material are better than those of polyethylene film or glass. Thus, much less heat is lost in the heated adjoining greenhouse.

The disadvantages of a single-sided design are as follows:

• insufficient illumination;
• due to design features, snow often collects on the roof, which can damage the coating.

The main problem is low light. During construction, it is necessary to take into account the location of the building relative to the cardinal points. It is unacceptable to build an adjoining greenhouse on the north side of the building.

Greenhouse-house - vertical walls and a gable roof

A greenhouse with vertical walls and a gable roof is popularly called a "house". The design consists of two side rectangular walls and two end - pentagonal. The roof is made of two inclined planes.

Classic "house" made of polycarbonate

The advantages of this configuration:

• a significantly larger usable area compared to a gable greenhouse;
• ease of placement of utility racks and shelves on vertical walls;
• ease of ventilation (in vertical walls it is very easy to place windows and vents).

The main disadvantage of this design is the complexity of installation. To build such a greenhouse, you will have to make a detailed calculation. The base is not very wide, therefore, in the absence of a foundation, the structure will not be sufficiently stable.

A large number of joints suggests poor sealing. Because of this, cracks and, as a result, drafts can form. In order to prevent such miscalculations, you need to take the drawing of the greenhouse with all responsibility.

Dutch greenhouse - a kind of gable "house". The difference lies in the fact that the walls in such a model are not strictly vertical, but are located at a slight slope. Such modernization significantly increases the stability of this greenhouse design.

Dutch industrial greenhouse

Among the disadvantages is the difficulty of mounting shelves on sloping walls. However, if we take into account the fact that the configuration has better light transmission, this small disadvantage can be neglected.

A solution to the problem of a gable greenhouse is the use of planters. Since the standard gable design has a height of more than 2.5 m, it is very convenient to hang planters with plants at the top.

Mini greenhouses - ideal greenhouses for seedlings

At home, mini-greenhouses are most often used - greenhouses. They can be of different shapes and are made from different materials. You can see greenhouses covered with glazed window frames, which can be found on the farm of any summer resident.

Miniature greenhouses are placed not only on the site, but also in rooms, well-lit basements and even on the balcony. It is not necessary to heat such a greenhouse. Its main function is to prolong the growing season of plants. That is, fruiting begins a few weeks earlier, and ends later.

There are several popular varieties of mini greenhouse designs. For example, a pyramid greenhouse is a pyramid with a square at the base. There is even an opinion that this form contributes to the concentration of positive cosmic energy with all the ensuing consequences for the crop. Whether this is true or not is not known for sure, but the pyramid looks quite impressive.

Rectangular pyramid for better harvest

Cloche - a glass greenhouse structure, consisting of two panels. It is mobile and moves around the site, depending on which plant needs protection at the moment. The greenhouse effect in this option is not very pronounced, but protection from the wind is provided. And this is also important for young sprouts.

Most often, mini-greenhouses are a box of edged boards, which is covered with a transparent material or a glazed frame. This type is convenient in that it can be placed anywhere on the site and even removed for the winter in the utility room.

Mini greenhouse for giving

Underground or underground structure

It is known that in winter the ground freezes slowly. At an air temperature of ±1°C, the soil temperature at a depth of 1 meter is about 10°C. In the greenhouse device, one cannot fail to take advantage of such a natural bonus. For construction, you must first dig a hole, with a depth of 1 to 1.5 m, and install a transparent coating on top.

Thermos greenhouse on the site

One of the options for a recessed greenhouse is an improved design - a thermos greenhouse, which provides even greater indoor temperature and illumination even in cloudy weather. For a thermos greenhouse, it is necessary to arrange a reinforced concrete foundation. The coating is often two-layer. Inside, the walls are covered with reflective paint or other material that acts as a collector of solar energy.

The disadvantage of this variety is that it is difficult to organize proper drainage in the underground part.

A large buried greenhouse is built for quite a long time due to the need to dig a pit. In addition, you will have to take care of the steps at the entrance, waterproofing and pest protection, which implies additional costs.

Complex advanced greenhouses

Considering the designs of greenhouses and their types, it is impossible not to mention such outstanding developments as the American greenhouse according to Mitlider, the Ivanov solar vegetable garden or the dome-shaped greenhouse. These ideas were at one time simply innovative and served as an impetus for the development of farming and Agriculture generally.

Unusual greenhouse designs

American greenhouse - J. Mitlider's work

The main problem of overall greenhouses is the lack of ventilation. Often it is provided only by the front door, which is extremely insufficient. Plants become too hot, humid and literally have nothing to breathe. The solution to this issue turned out to be very simple. The American gardener J. Mitlider found him.

His innovation lies in the fact that the roof of the greenhouse is arranged on two levels.

And at the junction of the two halves of the roof, a free space is formed, where the transoms for ventilation fit perfectly. The design can be arched or gable with vertical walls. In both cases, ventilation is very easy to provide. The frame is traditionally made of wood.

The classic version according to Mitlider - construction

In addition to good air exchange, the advantages of the Mitlider design are as follows:

• simplicity of design and installation;
• reliability, thanks to transverse beams and braces;
• the ability to build a collapsible version;
• lack of condensate, thanks to the wooden frame.

Geodesic sphere - dome on the site

The greenhouse of the original spherical shape looks very unusual on the site. The design itself is already a decoration of the garden and can serve as a bright element. landscape design. The dome of the greenhouse is assembled as a constructor from triangular elements. It is noteworthy that the coating is self-supporting and does not require any supports or frames, including the foundation.

Advantages of the geodesic sphere:

• light weight;
• the shape of the room provides good air circulation;
• good illumination of the greenhouse from all sides;
• the aerodynamic shape resists even the strongest winds.

The disadvantages of this model are:

• complexity of manufacturing and installation;
• the entire volume is not involved, as in the arched version;
• it is difficult to adapt curved walls for shelves and racks.

Geodesic sphere under polyethylene

Solar Vegetarian for Plants

The ingenious invention of the Soviet scientist Ivanov is a solar vegetarian. This building doubles the illumination of the greenhouse without additional lamps. In addition, the air temperature rises, without heating costs.

Vegetarian can be a variant of the adjoining greenhouse or built separately. But in the latter case, you will have to build a capital wall. When building Ivanov's vegetarian garden, it is imperative to take into account the position of the compass needle. A blank wall must be northern - this is a prerequisite.

In addition, the natural slope of the relief is taken into account. Ideally, if the vegetarian is located on a southern slope with a slope of 15 to 35 degrees. If there is no such bias, it will have to be arranged artificially. The roof of the greenhouse and its floor should be parallel to each other. To ensure the stability of the greenhouse structure, you need to build a strong foundation.

The main secret of this greenhouse is a reflective mirror coating on the north wall. The reflector will double the amount of sunlight. This innovation has a good effect on the crop and does not require additional costs.

Separate Vegetarian

Benefits of Ivanov's Solar Vegetarian:

• good illumination;
• good natural heating;
• saving on energy costs.

Design flaws:

• complexity of installation;
• high cost building materials;
• stationarity.

Retractable roof - ventilation without problems

Greenhouses with a retractable roof combine all the advantages of the arched type, but at the same time eliminate some of their shortcomings. The design is a conventional greenhouse with a roof of two halves. The roofing device uses a special sliding roller mechanism, which allows you to open the greenhouse if necessary.

Great solution for a greenhouse

The advantages of the system are as follows:

• summer heat is not terrible for plants, especially in spring, when the temperature drops sharply at night;
• good ventilation is provided;
• ease of cleaning the greenhouse from snow, thanks to the opening mechanism.

Types of greenhouses by materials

When choosing a greenhouse, you need to consider not only its shape. Highly big role plays the material from which it is made. This is reflected in the reliability of the greenhouse, and in its cost, and in many other nuances. Consider the main types of building materials that are used in the construction of a greenhouse before doing final choice.

Wooden frame - a common option

Varieties of frames depending on the material

The frame is the basis of the greenhouse. It is made from different materials and their combinations. It all depends on the place where the structure will be located, operating conditions, the financial capabilities of the owner and the availability of a construction team for work.

Main frame materials:

• wood;
• metallic profile;
• galvanized pipe;
• polypropylene pipes;
• metal-plastic pipes.

Each of these options is good in certain cases. Wood is a cheap and easy-to-work material. But its durability is not the highest. The metal is very durable, but contributes to the formation of condensation drops, which is very harmful to plants. The same applies to galvanized pipes, but they are better than steel pipes because they do not need anti-corrosion treatment.

It is cheaper and easier to make a greenhouse from plastic or metal-plastic pipes. The construction will turn out to be light and will not require a capital reinforced concrete foundation, like a metal frame. But, unfortunately, metal-plastic pipes do not withstand difficult weather conditions very well.

Greenhouse frame made of PVC pipes

Polypropylene pipes are a greenhouse frame option beloved by many farmers. It is an affordable and lightweight material. By itself, polypropylene is warm, which is a guarantee against the appearance of unwanted condensate. You can mount a small greenhouse from pipes even alone.

Types of coating materials for greenhouses

If the frame guarantees the stability and strength of the greenhouse, then the coating material - light and heat. The most popular materials for covering greenhouses that are used in agriculture:

• glass;
• polycarbonate;
• polyethylene film;
• agrofibre;
• PVC film.

Glass is a traditional material for organizing greenhouses. It is transparent, but does not allow enough sunlight to pass through the spectrum that is optimal for plants. In addition, glass is very fragile, difficult to install and relatively expensive.

It is much more rational to use sheets of cellular polycarbonate. It transmits light well, durable due to its structure. Sheets are produced in large sizes, which speeds up and facilitates installation. Polycarbonate does an excellent job of covering the greenhouse - it retains heat and transmits enough light.

The easiest material to install and operate is film, which is also the cheapest. Modern industry has long coped with all the disadvantages of polyethylene. Films are no longer afraid of direct exposure to sunlight. Strength is provided by a mesh frame. The film transmits the sun's rays well, but is easily torn - this is its main drawback.

As you can see, to build a greenhouse, you need to analyze a lot of information. If this fact discourages you, you can always resort to ready-made copies made at the factory. In this case, you will only need to decide on the size and location on your site where the greenhouse will be installed.

let's consider modern views greenhouses for personal plots.

With the advent of polycarbonate on the market, almost all designs of modern greenhouses are focused on covering with this particular material.

This is justified by its performance and relatively low and ever decreasing price.

Advantages of polycarbonate:
Ultra-high impact strength (cellular polycarbonate with low weight is 200 times stronger than glass and 8 times stronger than acrylic plastics and PVC).

High temperature resistance

High fire resistance

Extreme lightness, small specific gravity(cellular polycarbonate weighs 16 times less than glass and 3 times less than acrylic of the same thickness)

High thermal insulation properties, low thermal conductivity

High light transmission (up to 86% transparency)

Good noise and sound insulation

High chemical resistance

Flexural and tensile strength

Excellent weather resistance

Durability, invariance of properties (warranty period of service of polycarbonate products is 10-12 years

Safety and ease of coating (polycarbonate does not break, does not crack, and therefore sharp fragments upon impact)

Protection against ultraviolet radiation (a special protective layer prevents the most harmful UV radiation from penetrating the interior)

Excellent structural possibilities, the lightness of the sheets allows you to create light, original and elegant designs.

Its disadvantages:

If the sheet is not positioned correctly (with UV protection inside), then its service life will be reduced from 10 to 2-3 years.

It also has a hollow structure, where dirt and water will very often get into. This leads to a deterioration in light transmission and a faster loss of heat, which is not desirable in our conditions. It also ruins the look. Agree when plastic near the ground has black-green color it's not very pretty. So .

Under polycarbonate, frames are also made and built, they differ in shape and in the use of material.

By shape: the most common are arched and tent (house), the rest are variations of these two.

Arched. These are mostly factory-made greenhouses.

Their advantages:
Ease of assembly;
Low cost;
Less consumption of polycarbonate.

Flaw:
Little functionality;
The small height of the extreme beds.

Good for low crops (pepper, eggplant)

Tent. This form of construction is often chosen for self-construction, but there are also factory options.

Their advantages:
Individuality of designs;
Non-standard sizes for any crops;
Good functionality.

Flaw:
The need to use a more durable material for the frame, taking into account the increased snow load;
higher cost;
Higher consumption of polycarbonate in terms of area.

The materials from which the frames are made:

Omega or as it is also called for its shape "hat" profile.

Advantages:

1. You can take it away in a car.
2. Reliable protection frame from corrosion. Usually galvanized sheet does not rust for about 6-8 years.
3. Low price due to streaming production and little use of manual labor.

Of the minuses:
1. It takes a very long time to collect. For example, for an 8 meter greenhouse, 1210 bolted connections must be tightened. You will understand how much time you will spend if you tighten 10 bolts, add 5 minutes to read the instructions and multiply the resulting time by 121. By the way, this may take more than one day.
2. Most frames of this type, according to the passport, can withstand up to 20 kg / m2 of snow. Those. in the event of a snowfall, it is necessary to remove the snow from the plastic cover almost immediately. The exception is the Volya company, which produces really strong frames, but also at a fairly high price, which exceeds the price of greenhouses from a profile pipe.
3. Due to streaming production, there are: mismatched holes, missing holes. There are frequent cases of incomplete equipment or equipment with unnecessary parts.

Profile pipe (square, rectangular).

Let's list the advantages:
1. Available as all-welded and collapsible, the ability to make it yourself.
2. Due to the presence of a minimum number of connections, the frame can be assembled in 1-2 hours. The entire greenhouse is assembled in 4-5 hours.
3. Withstands heavy snow loads. For example: Favorit, Novator, Grand, Kremlin have a reinforced frame that can withstand loads from 180 to 250 kg / sq. m. And each arc can withstand a load of 250 to 350 kg.
4. Installation both on the foundation and on the ground without any problems.

Of the minuses:
1. Higher cost.
2. The need for painting.
3. Large dimensions during transportation, especially all-welded ones, and they are the most durable.

Wooden:
They are made independently from linear timber.

Pros:
1. The ability to build independently according to your drawings without having the skill of a welder.
2. Warmer due to low thermal conductivity.
3. Simplicity and reliability in fixing the roof.

Minuses:
1. High price.
2. Lack of factory blanks.
3. The need for protection with an antiseptic.
4. Complexity and duration in manufacturing.

Other materials, such as angle or round pipe, are rare and, in my opinion, are only reasonable if you already have this material in stock.

Based on this assessment, the following factors should be considered when choosing a greenhouse:
1. Place of residence, taking into account the snow load.
2. The culture you are going to grow.
3. Possibility of improvement if necessary (auto-ventilation, drip irrigation, etc.).
4. Availability of finance
5.Own craftsmanship.

Every gardener knows what a greenhouse is and why it is needed. But there are many types of these indispensable helpers in growing crops. Therefore, when choosing a greenhouse, questions inevitably arise about which one is more reliable and convenient.

Manufacturers offer different variants these structures, which differ in shape, material of manufacture, degree of light transmission. There are many nuances to consider when choosing. Knowing these subtleties will help you find the greenhouse that will serve flawlessly for many years.

Any greenhouse is a simple structure, which consists of two main elements - a frame and an awning. In most cases, they are sold separately, but there are options for ready-made designs in which the manufacturer provides literally every little thing.

In any case, the choice of a greenhouse is carried out according to two main parameters:

• frame;
• covering material.

First of all, you need to decide on the shape of the greenhouse. The market offers many models from domestic and foreign manufacturers.

Distinguish the following types designs:

• with vertical walls;
• with sloping walls;
• arched;
• lean-to;
• gable;
• with a mansard roof.

The choice is wide. You can find exactly the option that suits in all respects. One of the most important selection criteria is the convenience of the greenhouse. And here the summer resident is offered a lot of opportunities to minimize labor costs for growing crops. "Smart" greenhouse will perform most of the tasks of ventilation, watering, heating. You can choose a model with the set of functions that is necessary for a particular climate and site.

Types of coating for greenhouses

There are only three types of coating for greenhouses. All of them are able to qualitatively perform the main task - to protect plants from harmful effects for them. environment.

Coatings are made from:

• polycarbonate;
• glass;
• polyethylene film.

What is good polycarbonate

The most reliable material for greenhouses -. This is a light-transmitting multilayer material, the structure of which in the section resembles a honeycomb, which is why it is called honeycomb.

There is another type of this material - monolithic. But it is not used in the construction of greenhouses for the reason that it does not meet all the requirements for these structures.

Important! Monolithic has a much greater weight and does not have the light transmission capacity that is so necessary for growing crops. Therefore, it is never considered as a covering material for the greenhouse frame.

Cellular polycarbonate, due to its hollow structure, is able to retain heat well. The reason is that there is air in the space between the "honeycombs". It is he who is the best heat accumulator. Therefore, polycarbonate structures are the “warmest”. For gardeners living in regions with a harsh climate, this is a decisive factor when choosing a greenhouse.

Cellular polycarbonate is a sheet material, but it can be rolled into rolls, which are most convenient for transportation. Roll diameter depends on . The thinner it is, the easier it is to roll. However, even with a 4 mm thick web, the roll will be quite voluminous - with a diameter of 1.5 to 1.6 m. If the permissible bending radius is exceeded, the structure of the material can be damaged.

To cover the frames of greenhouses, polycarbonate with a thickness of 4 to 10 mm is suitable. It should be noted that the thicker the canvas, the greater their weight. Not every frame is able to withstand the load that a 10 mm polycarbonate coating will create. Considering that in winter period snow load must be added to this indicator, the requirements for the strength and stability of the frame increase many times. The optimal choice for medium-sized greenhouses is 4- or 6-mm polycarbonate.

Table. Main specifications cellular polycarbonate, which must be considered when choosing.

The average service life of polycarbonate greenhouses is 15 years. These are the most durable and reliable designs of all existing ones.

Advantages and disadvantages of glass greenhouses

Glass is an inflexible material, therefore it is only suitable for single-slope and dual-slope structures. - classics of the genre. You can easily assemble it yourself from used materials. Therefore, the main advantage of these structures is budget.

But glass has other advantages that gardeners have long appreciated. Greenhouses with such a coating are able to withstand significant weight loads. A cracked or broken part can be quickly replaced. The main advantage of glass is its transparency. Plants in such a greenhouse will not suffer from a lack of light.

Important! There are glass greenhouses and "cons". This is fragility, the need for careful handling, rather high requirements for the strength of the frame.

What is convenient polyethylene awning

The most popular material for covering greenhouses is polyethylene. If a earlier choice was unambiguous (dense polyethylene), today you can choose from several types of this material.

In any store for gardeners you can find such films:

• light stabilized;
• light scattering;
• copolymer ethylene vinyl citate;
• polyvinyl chloride (cellophane);
• foamed.

Each of these materials can be used to build a greenhouse and a greenhouse. But when choosing, you need to pay attention to the characteristics. For regions with snowy winters, the best choice is reinforced film.

The Russian market offers products from Turkish, Korean and domestic manufacturers. How are these materials different? Foreign companies produce a film with polyethylene reinforcement, and Russian - from a high-strength polypropylene mesh. Therefore, domestic products are stronger and more durable.

Cellophane film has the highest light transmission. But this material has the least strength of all the others, therefore it is only suitable for temporary or one-year structures.

The stabilized film is able to reflect heat into the greenhouse or greenhouse. This property is taken into account when constructing shelters for seedlings. Antifog, which is part of the film, prevents the formation of condensation on the outer surface of the tent.

Light-diffusing film is capable of reflecting UV and IR rays. This ensures the maximum possible protection of plants from the negative effects of the environment. The phosphors included in the film make it possible to obtain uniform illumination of the internal space of the greenhouse.

The most durable of the films is copolymer. It flawlessly withstands winds of 18-20 m/s. Another advantage is frost resistance. The copolymer film does not crack at temperatures up to -80 ° C, so this material is chosen for the construction of greenhouses in areas with a cold and windy climate.

The foamed film is two-layer. One layer is dense and smooth, the second is porous. The space in the cells of the second layer is filled with air. Therefore, the foamed film has a rather low thermal conductivity. This is an important indicator for greenhouses. But this material also has its drawback: low light transmission. Therefore, the foam film is chosen for the construction of shelters in areas with a large number of sunny days.

Greenhouse frames

Frames for greenhouses are made of steel and aluminum. When constructing home-made structures, wooden bars are often used. What should you pay attention to when choosing the material from which the frame is made?

Many manufacturers offer greenhouses with frames painted with powder paints. This is good decision to ensure the durability of the structure. Regardless of how the metal is processed, aluminum frames are almost twice as expensive as steel frames. This is due to the lighter weight of the former and their maximum resistance to corrosion.

However, aluminum frames have one significant drawback. Frames made of this material are unable to withstand significant weight loads from the severity of certain types of coatings, as well as from snow. Therefore, in the spring you can often see greenhouses that have overwintered on the site, the racks of which are curved. This suggests that the owner did not take into account the climatic features of his region when choosing a design.

An alternative option is a wooden frame for a greenhouse

Types of frame structures

There are two main types of greenhouse frame structures:

• stationary;
• collapsible.

The former are optimal for those who are often in the country, regardless of the season. Collapsible structures are chosen by those gardeners who visit their site only during the warm season. In this case, it makes sense to buy exactly those greenhouses that can be dismantled and stored before the start of the next season. Thus, you will not be afraid for the safety of your property.

Prices and quality

The most affordable are small greenhouses (up to 5 m 2) with a polyethylene awning and a frame made of steel painted with powder dye - 8-10 thousand rubles. The same structures, but with a polycarbonate coating, will cost about 50% more - up to 15 thousand rubles. The most expensive are glass greenhouses. These structures are mounted only on the basis of reliable steel frames. A glass greenhouse with an area of ​​​​up to 5 m 2 will cost a little more than 20 thousand rubles.

The price depends on various parameters - in particular, on:

• the presence or absence of windows to ventilate the interior of the greenhouse;
• number of doors
• thickness and type of coating;
• frame material;
• construction forms.

They consider the most practical and high-quality. They are almost 200 times stronger and more reliable than glass ones. The smallest number of positive reviews about polyethylene greenhouses. They serve, as a rule, no more than 1-2 summer seasons.

Greenhouse forms

Greenhouses can be absolutely any shape, length and configuration. The frames of stationary structures are made as follows: steel profiles are welded together and the corners and joints are reinforced. All greenhouse manufacturers offer the service of manufacturing these products according to the dimensions and sketches of the customer. Therefore, it is not difficult to obtain a design of exactly the shape and size that is needed.

Arch type greenhouses

The arched form is the most successful for several reasons.

1. It does not form a high layer of snow. This ensures the safety of the covering material.
2. The arched shape implies a minimum number of seams and joints. This gives the design the greatest reliability in operation.
3. Greenhouses of this form are resistant to winds.
4. Finally, such structures are easy to install and can be easily extended in length.

But in spite of everything, arched structures cannot be called perfect. They also have their drawbacks. The main one is a smaller amount of internal space than rectangular greenhouses. Another disadvantage is that for structures with a height of more than 2 meters, the installation of reinforcing beams is required.

The most popular models of arched greenhouses:

• "People's";
• "Nurse";
• "Sun";
• "Rostock";
• "Orange";
• "Oasis".

Greenhouse "Alpha"

Shed greenhouses

This type of structures is classified as extension. Shed greenhouses are convenient in that they can be placed in close proximity to the walls of any country house - a house, a summer kitchen, a fold, a barn. This is the main advantage of this type of structure. But it is also the main disadvantage. The fact is that in such rooms only one-sided illumination is possible. Therefore, a significant part of the daylight hours the plants will be in the shade. However, this is not always bad. If a gardener grows shade-loving crops, a shed greenhouse is one of the best choices for him. This design will save space on the site and perform the main work of shading the plants.

This type of structure can be covered with any material - polycarbonate, glass, polyethylene film. The frame can also be anything. For homemade structures, an excellent solution is wooden bars. But they will need to be covered with a moisture and bioprotective solution. You can choose any: "Senezh Ognebio" and "Senezh Ognebio Prof", "Neomid 450", "Pirilax".

Gable greenhouses

Gable greenhouses can be safely classified as universal and traditional.

There are two options for these structures:

• with walls located at right angles to the surface of the earth;
• with walls located at an obtuse angle to the surface of the earth.

The first option is classic. Summer residents call such greenhouses "houses".

These structures are built much more often for several reasons:

• they are easy to install;
• allow the use of any covering material;
• on slopes, you can easily and simply mount vents for ventilation;
• installation of the door will not cause difficulties;
• you can choose any angle of the slope of the slopes and any height of the ridge;
• there is no need for a snow protection device, since the snow will not linger on the peaked roof;
• wooden bars of any section are suitable for mounting the frame.

Important! If the greenhouse is small in size and weight, it can be installed directly on the ground without building a foundation.

But these structures also have their drawbacks. The first is that the gable greenhouse is stationary. In the case of redevelopment of the site, it is very difficult to transfer it to another place. The second disadvantage of these structures is that they have a significant number of joints both in the frame and in the skin. Therefore, the roof is not always airtight. If cellular polycarbonate is used, the thickness of the sheets must be at least 6 mm.

Another option is the Dachnaya-Strelka greenhouse.

Dome greenhouses

The main advantage of these greenhouses is the uniform distribution of the weight load. Therefore, for sheathing, you can use any, even the most heavy material. The frame consists of many segments of triangular, rectangular and trapezoidal shape. A significant number of joints provides maximum frame strength.

Dome greenhouses have ideal streamlining parameters, which guarantees maximum resistance to winds. These structures are not afraid of any precipitation. Snow will roll off the roof surface. This circumstance entails the need to install a sufficiently high foundation that will protect the interior from moisture penetration.

A greenhouse is a structure that has light-transmitting walls and a roof and is intended for growing various plants in the spring-autumn period, when weather conditions do not allow several crops to be taken in one year.

Currently, there are a variety of types of greenhouses. In their form, they are large and small, square, rectangular, one- or two-slope, etc. Frames can be made in the form of a tent, arch, house, or have a different shape. Types of greenhouses also differ in size: they are standard and non-standard. They are made of polycarbonate, wood, metal. You need to choose a heifer taking into account what goals it faces, why it is needed at all. Cost also plays an important role.

How to choose

Ideally, the building should have the following characteristics:

• be of sufficient quality;
• reliable;
• durable;
• adapted to different weather conditions.

In addition, it should be practical and convenient to use, as well as inexpensive.

When choosing a greenhouse, each person pursues a variety of goals. For some, it is enough that she has a nice appearance and looks good against the backdrop of a house or plot. For other people who see the greenhouse as a household accessory or a way of doing business, more serious features are needed. for them it does not play the most important role.

Collapsible or stationary?

Before purchasing a greenhouse, you should decide which model is needed: stationary or collapsible. With stationary fuss, much less - once installed and forgotten. A collapsible one will have to be installed and disassembled twice a year. However, if the greenhouse is in the country, where you only visit summer period, and thefts quite often occur in a holiday village, it is more expedient to purchase a collapsible model.

What will be grown

Before making the final choice, you should decide what exactly you will grow in the greenhouse: tomatoes, cucumbers, herbs, seedlings, etc. The decision is yours, but keep in mind that different greenhouse crops differ in growing regime and requirements for humidity and lighting . In addition, some plants do not tolerate any neighborhood and can harm each other.

After you decide which plants will be grown, you can choose a building of a suitable height.

What are greenhouses?

Today, the modern market offers a variety of types of greenhouses and greenhouses, different in shape, characteristics, size and cost. For their production modern high-quality and reliable covering materials are used.

Types of greenhouses

Depending on the coating used, such structures are divided into the following types:

• Polycarbonate.
• Film.
• Glass.

All types of greenhouses are good, but they perform their functions with varying degrees efficiency. Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Film greenhouses

Film is one of the most widely used covering materials.

• The main advantage of such structures is their low cost.
• Another plus is the possibility of independent construction. Do-it-yourself film types of greenhouses are assembled very simply. To do this, you only need plastic wrap, a rail, a screwdriver and a furniture stapler.
• Such a structure perfectly passes ultra-violet rays, which are so necessary for the normal development of plants,
• There is no need to build any foundation.

Unfortunately, film greenhouses have many disadvantages. First of all, it is short-lived. The film tears quite easily and rarely survives the winter. The next season, the greenhouse must be covered again. Yes, and a frame made of boards or rails can rarely withstand more than 2 seasons. Humidity and heat are ideal conditions for the development of wood fungus.

Reinforced polyethylene film is more durable due to a special reinforced mesh. It can withstand not only strong winds, but even hail.

Glass greenhouses

Glass is a durable and strong material for covering greenhouses. Its distinctive properties are its high ability to transmit light and excellent thermal insulation.

However, glass greenhouses also have a drawback: inside the air can be very hot, which can have a very bad effect on the health of plants. Also, their disadvantage is the complexity of glazing. A large mass of glass requires a reliable, and therefore expensive frame. The glass must be at least 4 mm thick. The larger the frame sizes, the better the greenhouse lighting will be. But this increases heating costs. Yes, and replacing a large one will also be more expensive.

The disadvantages of glass greenhouses can also be attributed to the fragility of the material itself, which tends to break not only due to physical influences, but also due to temperature changes ( big difference temperatures inside and outside the greenhouse in severe frost).

Polycarbonate structures

This one is relatively new material in recent times actively captured the greenhouse market and the attention of gardeners. Polycarbonate structures have a number of clear advantages over film and glass types. The material has the following advantages:

• High strength (almost 200 times stronger than glass), heat resistance and fire resistance.
• Extreme lightness (the weight of cellular polycarbonate is 16 times less than that of glass, and 3 times less than that of acrylic of the same thickness).
• High thermal insulation and low thermal conductivity.
• High light transmission (transparency of the material is up to 86%). In addition, the material scatters light, so that it reaches almost all beds.
• Good noise and sound insulation.
• High chemical resistance.
• Excellent resistance to various weather conditions.
• Polycarbonate is durable. Products from it have a warranty period of up to 10-12 years.
• Polycarbonate does not break, does not crack.
• Has special protection against Due to the protective layer, hard UV rays do not pass through cellular polycarbonate.
• Ease of installation. The lightness and flexibility of the sheets allows you to create original and elegant designs of various types.
• Looks attractive and modern.

All types of polycarbonate greenhouses have some disadvantages:

• If the sheets are placed incorrectly (with protection from UV rays inside), then their service life will be significantly reduced (from 10 years to 2-3).
• Almost all types of polycarbonate greenhouses (photos are available in the article) require the construction of a foundation for their normal operation.
• The material has a hollow structure, water and dirt often get inside. This contributes to the deterioration of light transmission and a fairly rapid loss of heat, which is undesirable. In addition, the appearance deteriorates.

Types of greenhouses and their designs

Under polycarbonate, frames are made and built, which differ both in shape and in the material used. The most common types of polycarbonate greenhouses are arched and tented (house). All others are variations of these two.

arched structures

Arched types of greenhouses and greenhouses are one of the most popular designs on the market. They are used for early and all-season cultivation of various garden crops and flowers.

The frame consists of semicircular arches, which are most often installed on a vertical base. As a rule, these are factory-made greenhouses.

Types of greenhouses (photo above) of an arched structure have the following advantages:

• They are environmentally resistant. Thanks to the streamlined shape, snow does not linger on them.
• Their installation is quite simple, which allows you to build these types of greenhouses with your own hands.
• Availability not a large number connections. A typical design, which is 3 meters wide, is covered with one sheet, fixed to the frame only at the ends.
• The consumption of polycarbonate for greenhouses is small.
• Good sunlight penetration.
• Low cost.
• Can be installed without foundation.

The disadvantages include:

• Little functionality.
  A small height of the extreme beds.
• Arched greenhouses are good for low crops like peppers or eggplants.

Tent structures

Tent types of greenhouses and their designs are most often chosen for self-construction, but there are also factory options. Advantages:

• The possibility of creating an individual design.
• Sizes can be the most non-standard for any culture.
• Very practical and functional.

Their main disadvantages:

• For the frame, you must use the most durable material.
• The cost is higher than other types.
• The consumption of polycarbonate is quite large.

Frame types

The frame of the greenhouse can be made of the following materials:

• Wood.
• Metal.

Currently, a wooden frame is used less and less. The tree requires impregnation with special compounds against decay, various fungi and other destructive, negative phenomena. It is also impossible to bury wooden racks in the ground without first sheathing them with waterproofing materials. Otherwise, the structure will fall apart quickly. All these nuances make the installation process quite laborious and unprofitable.

The frame for greenhouses made of PVC in our country is used quite rarely. Its advantages:

• The material does not rust or rot.
• Resistant to the negative effects of various chemicals, fertilizers, etc.
• Very practical.
• The material does not need special treatment, such as painting, impregnation.
• Appearance quite aesthetic.

Metal frames are among the most durable structures. They do not rust, do not rot, do not emit harmful toxins, they do not need to be painted.

The biggest disadvantage is the high cost of aluminum. In addition, there is a very high probability that the greenhouse can be dismantled and taken to the metal collection point.

Industrial greenhouses

The only significant difference industrial greenhouses from those that are used in personal plots and cottages, is their size. They can occupy quite impressive areas that exceed 1000 square meters. m, and their height can reach 6 m.

Types of industrial greenhouses:

• Seasonal. The period of active operation is limited to the season (March-November). They are used to grow crops that are in high demand among consumers of agricultural products.
• Year-round, allowing you to get a high yield even in winter. All types of winter greenhouses are quite expensive, but the high profitability of the economy more than makes it possible to recoup the costs in the shortest possible time.

The efficiency of industrial greenhouses depends on the following factors:

• opportunities to create and maintain suitable temperature regime and humidity;
• the quality of the materials used for the construction of the structure;
• availability of irrigation, lighting, heating and other systems.

On the modern market a wide variety of structures of closed ground are presented. Thanks to this, each owner of a personal plot will be able to build a greenhouse with their own hands for growing vegetables, herbs, flowers or even mushrooms.

To choose the right greenhouse design, you need to know what features each species has and what criteria it must meet. You will find all the necessary information about the types and forms of such buildings in this article.

All main types of greenhouses and their designs

There are a large number of greenhouses different types and forms. To do right choice, you must first decide for what purposes you need a room, whether you are going to use it in winter, what sizes will be optimal for you personally, and, finally, how automated it will be.

The author of the video talks about several types of buildings that you can build with your own hands on the site.

Shed

Ideal for areas with a small area, therefore they are rightfully included in the list of premises with high efficiency (Figure 1). Working in a building with a shed roof is quite comfortable.

It can be attached to any side of the house, although it is still preferable that the roof slope is directed to the south. Among the minuses are the difficulties in covering the roof with a film: this should be done only in dry calm weather, otherwise you will not be able to pull it properly, and soon it will sag. It is easier to cover a pitched roof with glass or plastic.

gable

These are the “houses” familiar to us, which can be easily built with our own hands. This building has a number of advantages. Firstly, it will not break under the weight of snow in winter. Secondly, the shape of the roof allows a wider choice of material for its covering - from glass to plastic bottles. Thirdly, there is the possibility of additional styling (Figure 2).

However, the dual-slope design has its drawbacks. Since it is assembled with a large amount of fasteners, you will have to regularly check the frame for leaks and the integrity of the anti-corrosion coating. It will not be possible to extend or expand such a room if necessary. In addition, it should be noted that due to the massiveness of the roof, you must take care of a reliable foundation.

Arched

Since arched buildings have a smaller reflective surface, it gets inside them large quantity sunlight than, for example, in gable (Figure 3). In addition, the design features allow crops to grow to greater heights than conventional buildings. However, caring for plants growing near the walls is much more complicated.

Note: The arched type is not suitable for growing seedlings for open ground, since the construction of the structure does not make it possible to harden the plants. It is easy to assemble, dismantle and transport. If necessary, you can easily add new sections to lengthen it.

However, during the winter period, deflections and breakdowns of the roof often occur, since snow does not have the opportunity to freely roll off its surface. In areas with strong winds, there is a risk of demolition of the building due to insufficient strength of the frame to the foundation.

teardrop-shaped

Among the types stand out drip structures. They have an original shape, and the buildings themselves have many advantages (Figure 4).

So, thanks to the pointed roof, snow does not accumulate on it, which increases reliability to the maximum. For the same reason, the soil warms up more efficiently in spring.

Teardrop buildings are ideal for middle lane Russia and the northern regions of the country, characterized by snowy winters. After all, the roof can withstand up to 70 kg of snow per 1 sq.m. In addition, sunlight can easily penetrate into any corner of this structure. The only drawback of the drop-shaped design is the difficulty in its construction.

Polygonal

It is quite rare to find buildings with a polygonal design (Figure 5). Although they are quite practical, since each of the faces is illuminated by the sun in different time day, but maintaining a stable temperature inside it is quite problematic.

In addition, they are among the most expensive, because they are made of wood (metal) in combination with glass (polycarbonate).

The Dutch type of room allows plants to receive the maximum amount of sunlight, because it is covered with special glass of a homogeneous structure (Figure 6). This design will not allow excess moisture to get inside during precipitation, as it is equipped with a special aluminum gutter that collects and drains rainwater. As you know, the droplet effect is extremely undesirable for plants, especially for flowers. In addition, the design of the gutter provides seals for glass and a drain for condensate. The entire drainage system is mounted on the roof ridge, which makes it resistant to strong winds.

Single glazing is complemented by a vertical screening system, which is a special screen with a trigger mechanism. Screens of this type are located around the perimeter. They allow you to adjust the level of penetration of sunlight inside. In addition, they are assigned the role of additional heaters.

Heating is arranged in such a way that the temperature in different parts of the room differs very slightly. The building can be connected to stationary sources of heating, such as a boiler room. The irrigation system is fully automated, which allows you to maintain a constant microclimate inside.

The difference between greenhouses and greenhouses

Many summer residents are wondering: what is the difference between greenhouses and greenhouses? Indeed, these structures are very similar to each other, but they have a number of distinctive features (Figure 7).

So, greenhouses include low structures (no more than 1.3 m), in which artificial heating is never used. They are heated by the sun's rays and due to the energy that is released during the decomposition of manure or humus, laid in the base of the greenhouse. Greenhouses do not have doors, therefore, in order to care for plants, it is enough to remove (open) its upper (side) part.

Note: Most often, greenhouses are used for growing seedlings; they are not suitable for adult plants. It is in the greenhouse that seedlings can wait out the spring cold before planting in open ground.

Unlike a greenhouse, a greenhouse is a structure of closed ground. Its height at home is most often up to 2.5 m. Heating, as a rule, occurs naturally, that is, from sunlight, although artificial light can also be used. Seedlings can be grown in a heated room all year round. At the same time, air and soil should be heated separately, in contrast to a greenhouse, where heated soil contributes to heating the air under the film.

Greenhouses by type of destination

Depending on the purpose, greenhouses are: vegetable, seedling, flower. Let's take a closer look at their features.

Vegetable

Buildings where they grow different kinds vegetables all year round are called vegetables. Their products are more environmentally friendly than those from open ground. This is due to the fact that vegetables are protected not only from adverse weather conditions, but also from various contaminants, both natural and chemical.

When growing vegetables indoors, it is important to correctly combine different cultures. Therefore, if you have only one building at your disposal, you will have to stop at growing only a few crops. The most profitable is the cultivation of the following vegetables: tomatoes and sweet peppers, cucumbers, Chinese cabbage, radishes.

When arranging a building for growing vegetables, you should consider some organizational conditions (picture 8):

• The floor material must be reliable, and the design well thought out;
• Be sure to have vents for ventilation;
• Ability to shade some types of plants;
• Sophisticated irrigation system, separately for each crop;
• Creation of an optimal microclimate;
• Heating the premises all year round (for central Russia).

seedlings

To obtain seedlings, special seedling greenhouses are used (Figure 9). They must be equipped with special equipment for the regulation of air and soil temperature. They must comply with phytosanitary conditions, as well as carry out preventive, thermal and chemical treatments of the soil and building surfaces to prevent the introduction of infections.

As a rule, the cultivation of seedlings is carried out in soil buildings, or in structures with sliding racks. It is strictly forbidden to grow forcing green crops in them, since various pests and diseases are introduced from the open ground along with them. It is better to use such a building after sampling seedlings for growing green crops by sowing seeds of lettuce, radish, dill, celery.

Floral

Some flowers are very sensitive to even the slightest fluctuations in temperature and humidity of the environment, so growing them in open ground is extremely difficult. For such purposes, a flower greenhouse is being built (Figure 10).

You can build it yourself or buy ready-made. It is only important to choose the right model. Modern models come in a wide variety of designs: arched and wall-mounted, hipped and gable. To date, the most reliable facilities for growing flowers are called:

• Greenhouses covered with polyethylene;
• Heated film buildings;
• Modern polycarbonate models;
• Greenhouses.

Film tunnels are used for slow-growing and low-temperature sensitive flowers. In them, it is much easier and faster to adjust the ventilation and lighting. Under the film, Mediterranean bulbous plants will feel at home in dry, hot summers and mild winters.

Polycarbonate greenhouses are more comfortable and last longer, and flower greenhouses make it possible to cultivate plants without separate heating, as they keep the temperature well. It will be better if the greenhouse is a shed structure adjacent to the house on the south side. As a rule, greenhouses are heated using water or steam systems, as well as various electrical appliances.

When planning the construction of a building for growing flowers, a number of factors should be taken into account:

1. To achieve unhindered penetration of the sun's rays inside, it is necessary that the building is located in a southerly direction.
2. To protect the building from the wind, it is better to place it near buildings, fences and other objects that do not shade, but protect it.
3. Lowlands are not the best place to build.
4. Advantageous is the location of the structure near the water and power supply lines.
5. The construction of the building should be carried out in the summer to exclude the possibility of deformation from shrinkage.

A well-thought-out lighting system contributes to accelerated flowering and energy savings.

Greenhouses by type of operation

Depending on the time and method of operation, greenhouses are divided into winter and summer. Consider them distinctive features, which determine the entire process of construction and internal arrangement.

Winter

Winter constructions are tempting because they make it possible to grow not only vegetables, flowers and some types of mushrooms familiar to us all year round, but also exotic types of fruits. Capital (winter) buildings must be built on the foundation (Figure 11).

All winter buildings of this type are heated: by solar energy, technical means, biofuel. They can be both deepened into the ground and built on its surface. Their design is diverse: from shed to arched.

Winter buildings can be built both from wood and brick, on a metal or PVC frame. They are glazed or covered with polycarbonate, less often - with a film. However, most often there are combined designs.

And yet, for any kind of winter buildings, it is extremely important to choose the right place for their location. It must meet the following requirements:

• To ensure maximum penetration of sunlight, it is necessary that the building be oriented along the length in the direction from west to east.
• Well-designed wind protection, especially in areas with frequent gusty cold winds, will significantly save heating costs. If there is no protected place on the site, it is necessary to build a fence in the form of a fence or hedge about 2 m high. In this case, the distance from the room to the fence should be equal to at least 3 times the height of the building.
• Free and convenient access to the building will greatly facilitate its operation.

From the video you will learn more information about the features of winter greenhouses.

Summer

Summer greenhouses are operated in the warm season, that is, from spring to autumn. As a rule, they are used for growing seedlings or crops that require special care conditions.

They are heated in a natural way: from sunlight. Sometimes, with a sharp cold snap, artificial heating can be used in them. In addition, they often use the so-called biofuel: compost, manure, humus.

Most often they are covered with a film, which makes them more economical than winter ones (Figure 12).

Drawings for greenhouses and greenhouses

Self-construction of such a building is not an easy task. It is important here not only to have construction skills, but also to have a competent project for the future structure. Below are drawings of buildings, the designs of which have been verified by many years of experience in growing plants (Figure 13).

It is also important to choose the right type of polycarbonate for the coating and materials for the construction of the frame, since the life of the building will depend on their strength.

Types of polycarbonate greenhouses and their designs

Polycarbonate is a material that combines the advantages of glass and film. It far exceeds them in strength, conducts light well and retains heat, and also traps harmful sun rays. Due to its flexibility, it can be used in the manufacture of coatings for structures of any shape. Cellular polycarbonate is used to cover structures of closed ground (Figure 14).

There are different types of polycarbonate buildings depending on their design. The most common arched structures. They are easy to assemble, affordable, require a minimum amount of time to install.

Tent will be in demand for growing a wide range vegetables. For a gable tent construction, durable materials will be needed, and there will be much more of them than in the construction of an arched one.

A shed hipped model is much cheaper, since it is not an independent structure, but is adjacent to one of the walls of the building.

Greenhouses according to Mitlider are very interesting. They are slightly higher on the north side than on the south, and their northern slope is steeper. Therefore, the sides do not join at the level of the ridge, but create a kind of step, on the line of which there is a unique ventilation system.

Polycarbonate is ideal for covering polygonal structures as it can be molded into any desired shape. Polycarbonate polygonal buildings are stable and attractive. Their usable area is much larger than conventional ones, and the coating protects plants from overheating in the hot season.