It is necessary to know the optimal temperature values ​​​​and its limits for vegetables, fruits, berries and herbs grown in a greenhouse. You also need to know all the ways, options and methods for adjusting the temperature to establish a good and correct microclimate in the greenhouse.

Strictly seasoned temperature regime allows vegetables and fruits to grow actively and correctly. In greenhouses and greenhouses, the optimum temperature for the soil is from 14 to 25 ᵒС. So that the temperature does not negatively affect the grown vegetables and fruits, in greenhouses and greenhouses it should not be higher or lower than the specified level.

Poor absorption of phosphorus and starvation occurs in plants when the temperature drops to 10 ° C, but if the temperature rises to 25-28 ° C, this overheats the roots, which leads to a deterioration in moisture absorption, respectively, the plants wither.

It is difficult to achieve this indicator manually, so it is better to use new management technologies with various sensors that can be purchased at the store. A sharp temperature drop should not be allowed during the transition from daytime temperature to nighttime. When something blooms, you can change the temperature by 3-4 ° C.

To increase the temperature, there are the following ways:

• Landings are covered at night with a special film to isolate them from the air of the room by creating an air cushion. This raises the temperature by 2-3 °C;
• The side walls are treated with a special foamed film (substitute for spunbond);
• Mulching is carried out with a dark thin film with low plantings. With these methods, the temperature rises by 1-2 ᵒС.

So that the fruits do not wither and burns do not appear on the leaves, you can not raise the temperature in the bright sun. To lower the temperature, it is necessary that fresh air can replace the old one (prepare a new air mixture), and flow through the gables in sufficient volume. With the help of film screens, it is possible to improve the climate by 2-3 ᵒС. Artificial ventilation can dry the room. In order to maintain the correct thermal regime, watering the plants must occur strictly in the morning.

Proper soil preparation in the greenhouse

To grow a good early crop in greenhouses and greenhouses, you need to spend a lot of money and effort. In order for the costs to pay off in the future, you need to properly prepare the soil for the greenhouse and greenhouse. It must contain all the necessary nutrients, protection (pickle) from pests is required.

If the greenhouse is not flooded with water in the spring and is built on good fertile soil, then it is enough just to pour compost or rotted humus into it (acid does not need it), then cover it with earth and level it. But you need to make sure that the land does not become waterlogged during irrigation, and also when growing crops in such land, you should not neglect fertilizer.

In greenhouses and greenhouses, where groundwater is located close enough to the surface, the beds should be raised above the ground up to 30 cm. Drainage should be prepared at the bottom of such beds, which ensures uniform heating and ventilation of the soil.

To protect against pathogens of various diseases of the prepared soil, it is necessary:

• Disinfect the soil by spilling boiling water;
• Refresh film coating;
• Steam;
• You can also treat the soil with a formalin solution, or burn sulfur inside the greenhouse (a checker dug into the ground).

Also, the greenhouse for disinfection can be treated bleach. How much is spent on cooking - you need to add 500 g of bleach to a bucket of water, mix the resulting mass well and let it brew for at least 2 hours, stirring occasionally. This solution is carefully filtered, and the entire surface inside the greenhouse, including the ground, is sprayed with it.

You can add sand and peat to the soil for sowing seeds, but carefully monitor the plants. The most positive effect in the preparation of the land is achieved by adding a continuous layer or sawdust to the planting sites. What mixture to prepare - potash fertilizers, superphosphate and ammonium nitrate are applied to the soil. Between the ridges, the gaps are filled with manure (depth - 2 cm).

A layer of straw is placed under the fertile soil layers, this gives good performance in growing crops in a greenhouse. Straw is taken from under rabbits, goats. Weeds plucked before seed ripening are taken. Straw is placed in the prepared ditch, the necessary fertilizers are sprinkled on top and boiling water is poured over it all. After 3 days, this procedure must be repeated, then it is covered with fertile soil, after which seedlings can be planted. This procedure increases the growth and development of plants, due to the decomposition of straw, heat and carbon dioxide are released.

In greenhouses and greenhouses, with proper care, you can provide a year-round crop.

The seeds of cultivated crops must first be sown and grown in pots, and ready-made sprouts should be planted on the beds in a greenhouse or greenhouse. In this case, less effort and energy is expended to germinate the seeds.

How to prepare the soil in the greenhouse for the winter

If you use greenhouses and hotbeds for growing some crops, then dangerous pests and diseases accumulate in the soil layer, and you need to protect the soil from them. The most optimal methods are a complete replacement of the soil, or preventive sterilization. To prepare the soil for the winter, it is necessary to wash the covering material inside and remove the remains of plants from the soil.

If it is impossible to update the soil, do-it-yourself preparation is needed:

• Remove the remains of seeds and plants;
• Using a special seeder, if necessary, collect the larvae;
• Apply the necessary fertilizers to the ground;
• Light loose soil should be deeply loosened, and heavy and clay soil should be dug up.

If the coating consists of polycarbonate, it is necessary: ​​to plant greens, onions, radishes, or by destroying the integrity of the structure, make sure that the top layer is frozen. Superphosphate and potassium chloride are applied to the soil in autumn. If the soil is acidic, then lime or dolomite flour is added to it.

Manure in this case is brought in in the spring.

The heavy ground for the planned planting of cucumbers must be dug up, about 40 cm deep. If in winter there is a low temperature of the earth inside the greenhouse and greenhouse, this will dry it out. Hard and dry soil is not suitable for planting, to avoid this, you need to fill it with snow.

The required composition of the soil for the greenhouse

In order for a high level of yield of cultivated crops to be obtained in a greenhouse bed, the composition of the soil must be optimal. Just pouring warm garden soil into a greenhouse will not work. Even it needs to be enriched. It is necessary to take 5 parts of peat, 2 parts of humus and one part of river sand and earth from the garden, so that this mass is not acidic, it must be added to each square meter 3-4 kg of lime. It will reduce the acid reaction of peat.

Soils are divided, depending on the main components:

• Peat;
• Sod;
• sheet;
• Compost;
• humus.

It is important to follow some rules. If plants are grown in winter, an infrared film is placed under the soil. Leafy soil does not use oak leaves. In humus soil, care must be taken to ensure that the manure is completely decomposed.

Fertile layer of soil in a greenhouse

Many factors affect the layer thickness. Much depends on what cultivated plants will be cultivated and what is the composition of the layer. If the earth is manure, then a thick layer, whose height is 18 cm, practically does not allow air to pass through to the manure, compacting it and slowing down the manure burning process.

A thick layer is needed for adult crops that need more depth and plants such as potatoes, onions, spinach, lettuce - crops that are cold-resistant. The beds in the greenhouse are fenced off with boards. Heat-loving plants need a thin layer: eggplant, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, basil, physalis. The thickness of this layer is from 9 cm to 13 cm.

Optimum soil temperature in a greenhouse (video)

You will have to show ingenuity, skill and diligence to obtain a quality crop. But, experience comes with time, the main thing is to start right.

Properly selected soil is the key to a good harvest. Therefore, every gardener should know what soil to choose for a greenhouse. Greenhouse soil without problems can be purchased in specialized stores. It is sold in bags and contains all the necessary trace elements for the normal growth of greenhouse plants. However, not everyone can afford such a purchase, especially if the greenhouse area is large enough. Therefore, many summer residents prefer to prepare the soil for greenhouses on their own. Consider what types of greenhouse soils exist and how to properly prepare such land yourself.

Soil for greenhouses may consist of the following components: peat, composts, humus, garden soil, river sand, sawdust, straw.

The nuances of the right choice and soil preparation for greenhouses

Growing vegetables in greenhouses is somewhat different from growing them outdoors. This is mainly due to the large volumes of land itself that needs to be prepared, and age characteristics planted plants.

For greenhouses, peat and peat-humus compounds are not used, which are great for growing seedlings, because they are not suitable for mature plants. Peat can only be used as an additional component, but not the main one. It is also impractical for greenhouses to buy ready-made formulations, since the future harvest is unlikely to pay back your expenses for acquiring land. It is much more profitable to prepare the soil yourself, since its cost will be an order of magnitude lower, and fertility will be no worse than that of a store.

Many summer residents use ordinary land from the garden in greenhouses, and this approach has a right to exist. The main thing is not to forget to periodically fertilize the soil, because in greenhouses it is depleted faster than in open areas.

If the earth from the seedling tank after use can be thrown away and replaced with a new one, then in greenhouses you will not get anywhere from its reusable operation. And this entails inevitable consequences. So, with intensive use, the soil degrades faster, and at some point it loses its beneficial features that fertilizers alone cannot save her. The only way out of this situation is the renewal of the earth. At the same time, it is recommended to change the soil at least 1 time in 2 years.

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Varieties and composition of greenhouse soils

Regardless of which land for greenhouses is considered (purchased or prepared independently), it is divided into:

• compost;
• manure;
• sheet;
• turf.

Different types of soil differ in composition and purpose. For example, for growing tomatoes, the best option is soddy soil, in which about 80% of the total composition is occupied by field land. For cucumbers, it is recommended to use compost soil, consisting of humus, sod and peat.

It is impossible to determine the exact composition of the soil unambiguously, since the percentage of certain components depends on the crops grown.

It is important to know what function each element of the greenhouse mixture performs. Soil for greenhouses may consist of the following components:

1. Peat. It is an essential element of greenhouse soil. Thanks to him, the optimum temperature of the earth is maintained, since peat is characterized by high moisture absorption and the ability to retain it for a long time. Peat also has excellent antiseptic qualities. Part of the peat in the soil for a greenhouse can be 50-90%. A negative property of peat is increased oxidizability. Therefore, it is mainly used together with lime.
2. Composts. Compost is a component of greenhouse soil, which, in terms of saturation with useful substances, is considered no worse than humus. Compost is obtained through the process of natural decay. organic matter. It, like peat, perfectly absorbs water and lets air through, thereby improving the structure and fertility of the soil.
3. Humus. Natural product obtained from decomposed manure.
4. Garden land. Provides a balance of minerals and stabilizes acidity. You can use only garden soil that has been carefully prepared and tested for organic inclusions.
5. River sand. It reduces the acidity of the soil and increases its friability, so it is recommended to use it together with peat. River sand contains silicon, which favorably affects the yield. This is especially noticeable in tomatoes.
6. Wood sawdust. They contain many useful elements that feed the soil. Sawdust increases the looseness of the earth and stabilizes its temperature and humidity.
7. Straw. Saturates the soil with carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

According to the mechanical composition, the soil for greenhouses can be:

• light - it includes peat, deciduous and compost (dung) soil in its composition in a ratio of 3: 1: 1;
• medium - consists of manure, turf, sand and peat in a ratio of 2: 2: 1: 1;
• heavy - the main components are turf with clay impurities, compost and sand (3: 1: 1).

These ratios are indicative and may vary depending on the needs of the gardener.

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Autumn and spring land preparation

Not every gardener can completely change the soil in a greenhouse every 2 years, since the replacement procedure is associated with large financial and time costs. The only way out of this situation is seasonal soil preparation in the greenhouse, which is divided into autumn and spring.

Autumn preparation is carried out after the last harvest of the current year. This procedure allows you to loosen the earth, saturate it with moisture and fertilizers, and also get rid of various pests. First, the soil is thoroughly cleaned of roots and weeds, after which the top layer of earth 5-8 cm thick is removed.

At the next stage, the soil is dug up with a shovel to destroy the larvae of the bear. After that, new soil is brought into the greenhouse, which is evenly distributed over its entire area and watered with water at the rate of 6-8 liters per 1 m 2.

Next, the greenhouse and the ground are disinfected. To do this, sulfur blocks (50 g per 1 m 2) are placed on steel sheets and set on fire. In this case, all windows and doors of the greenhouse must be closed. The next day, the greenhouse is ventilated, and its walls are washed with plain water. Then the soil is fertilized with humus (1 bucket per 2 m 2), sprinkled with ash and covered with straw. In winter, when snow falls, some of it is transferred to a greenhouse and spread over straw. This will protect the earth from freezing. In the spring, when the snow melts, the straw is removed, after which the soil is watered with a solution of lime (10 g per 1 liter of water). To obtain fertile soil, the entire area of ​​​​the greenhouse is covered with a mixture of turf, sawdust, peat and compost in equal proportions. Beds are made from the earth and fertilizers are added (potassium sulfate, superphosphate, etc.). Before planting plants, the beds can be additionally treated with liquid mullein.

Now the issue of ecology is very acute for summer residents. Most often, people maintain their plot in order to receive clean products for the family, without nitrates and other chemicals. In this regard, I think many gardeners will be interested in this article I found in a pre-revolutionary magazine, which gives advice to summer residents and gardeners of that time on fertilizing a greenhouse and what kind of land is best for growing plants in it.

The article is interesting because the advice was given in those days when there were no chemicals, pesticides, nitrates and chemical fertilizers.

The thickness of the greenhouse earth layer depends on many conditions. In manure greenhouses, a thick layer of it prevents air from entering the manure and compacts it; both retard the burning of manure. In a thin layer, 2-3 inches (9-13 cm), earth is poured into them when sowing those plants that require high temperatures for growing, such as, for example, melon, cucumber, tomato, eggplant, etc. For plants that cannot tolerate high temperatures, the earthen layer is taken thicker - up to 4 inches (18 cm). The earth is also poured in a thick layer in greenhouses designated for transplanting older plants into them, for the development of the roots of which a considerable depth is required.

Ordinary garden or even garden land is unsuitable for greenhouses, especially early ones. Greenhouse soil, in addition to being generally nutritious for early culture, must be soft, loose, easily permeable to water and air, so that, in case of possible accidents, it can satisfy all the requirements of the plant at this unusual time for it.

humus soil, or manure land is prepared from manure taken out of greenhouses in autumn. This humus, folded in a heap, in 1 - 2 years overripes so much that it looks like completely earth. This earth has to a high degree the qualities conducive to the luxuriant development of the most demanding plants: it is loose, warm, not dry, permeable, rich in readily soluble nutrients. It is only necessary that it be completely “ripe”, so that the half-burned manure (humus) taken out of the greenhouses completely completes its decomposition - and, moreover, in good conditions.

soddy soil it is used more in floriculture than in horticulture - the better in its qualities, the older and richer the vegetation of the meadow from which the sod is removed. Sod layers are cut with a thickness of 1-3 inches (4.5-13.5 cm), they are laid in heaps, sometimes with a layer of manure, and left for 1-2 years, and two times during the summer they dig up the heaps to the very foundation.

In its pure form, turf land is not used for stuffing the early ones - for all its merits, it is still too heavy.

Leaf (deciduous) land prepared from leaves fallen from trees (except oak), collected in heaps and usually buried in a pit, where in 1-2 years they turn into a light, very loose, but low-nutrient, easily drying out soil.

peat land can serve to improve the physical qualities of garden land and turn it into a greenhouse where there is no humus - therefore, most often in farms with a small amount of manure.

Compost land(we talked about the preparation of compost) is not at all suitable for greenhouses: heterogeneous in composition, it always contains a significant amount of substances that have not yet finished decomposing and, introduced into greenhouses, often causes the development of mold fungi and other microorganisms that cause plant diseases.

Sand is sometimes used as a loosening admixture to soddy soil in the absence of humus and in summer greenhouses for raising cuttings as an obligatory admixture.

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Properly prepared soil in a greenhouse is the key to a high yield. The soil must meet the following conditions:

• have acidity that is optimal for the planted crop;
• contain the nutrients necessary for the growth and fruiting of plants;
• be saturated with water in the right amount to feed certain crops;
• pass air to the roots of plants;
• have a comfortable temperature for the roots.

For each type of plant, a special soil is prepared for the greenhouse. Not only the type of planting is taken into account, but also the expected temperature in the greenhouse, the presence of heated beds.

How much soil do you need for a greenhouse

A lot of soil will be required: approximately 1 m3 for every 4 m2 of soil beds and every 5 m2 of rack beds. The soil is replaced every 1-2 years, and only with an annual improvement in fertility with green manure before the main plantings can this period be extended to 4 years.

Naturally, it is simply unprofitable to buy such large volumes, and most greenhouse owners prefer to import soil from meadows and fields (the fertile layer after removing the sod) and bring it to the desired state on their own. Garden land is also used, but it also needs to be prepared for a certain type of planting.

Types of soil in the greenhouse

According to its composition, greenhouse soil is:

1. manure;
2. turf;
3. compost;
4. sheet;
5. combined.

Almost all types of soil in their composition have soddy soil, peat, compost, sand, humus, lime components and ready-made organic and mineral fertilizers in different proportions. Depending on the ratio different types soils are divided into three types of soil for the greenhouse:

• heavy: the ratio of turf (with an admixture of clay), sand and compost 3:1:1;
• medium: ratio of turf, manure, peat and sand 2:2:1:1;
• light: the ratio of peat, compost (or manure) and deciduous soil is 3:1:1.

Purpose and properties of greenhouse soil components

• Peat. It is not used independently, but is the most important component of soil for greenhouses. The most valuable qualities are the ability to retain moisture for a long time, gradually giving it to plants, as well as antiseptic qualities.
• Lime. Prevents excessive oxidization of peat.
• garden soil. Contains a supply of mineral nutrients, helps to stabilize acidity.
• Humus. Product of complete decomposition of manure. A real treasure trove of essential plant nutrients.
• Compost. Improves soil structure, rich in organic nutrients. It is formed in the process of decay of plant debris, kitchen waste for several months.
• sawdust. They loosen the soil, retain moisture well, and are a source of nutrients.
• river sand. They increase productivity due to the content of silicon, reduce the acidity of the soil, loosen the soil.
• Straw. Source of nitrogen and carbon dioxide necessary for plant nutrition.

Soil care for greenhouses

In order for the harvest to be high, and the plants to develop normally and not get sick, the soil must be constantly looked after. We have already described in detail all the events in a special article, and now we will only briefly list them.

• During the initial preparation of the soil, the soil of the desired type is created for each type of crop, disinfected, fertilized and scattered on the prepared beds with a layer of 20-25 cm.
• In the off-season, after harvesting, the soil is thoroughly cleaned of all plant sediments, loosened, and disinfected. Cover the beds with a layer of snow until spring. Then they are disinfected, if this is not done in the fall, and fertilized.
• Periodically change the entire soil or the upper 8-15 cm, because. it is depleted, and even with fertilization, yields will fall.
• The removed soil can be mixed with manure and left in the garden for several years, periodically loosening and watering, and then re-prepared for use in the greenhouse.
• Approximately 25% of the beds in the greenhouse can be left fallow to enhance its fertile qualities. Every year, allocate a new part of the beds for fallow.

Soil heating in a greenhouse

The use of ground heating is useful not only in the winter greenhouse, but also in seasonal cultivation. Warm soil promotes better development of the root system and faster crop growth. With an increase in soil temperature, the microclimate in the greenhouse itself improves.

You need to make sure that the heated beds do not dry out. With automatic watering, it is enough to adjust the mode once if the heating option is used with maintaining the set temperature. There are several ways to arrange soil heating in a greenhouse:

• lay hoses with circulating heated water under the beds;
• to pass warm air through pipes under the ground;
• use heating film for greenhouses;
• lay a heating cable or mat between reinforced layers of sand under fertile soil.

Ready-made systems for heating the ground in a greenhouse with temperature sensors and programmable thermostats are on sale. With fluctuations in the outside temperature, the heating power will be automatically selected so as to ensure the specified mode. To reduce the cost of heating the soil, heat-insulating materials are used, which are laid under the bed and along the perimeter of the greenhouse, along the foundation.

Preparing the soil for greenhouses and caring for the soil is a regular and time-consuming process, but without careful implementation of these works, you will not be able to get a generous harvest and grow environmentally friendly products in greenhouse beds.

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Soil disinfection allows you to protect plants from diseases and. Some gardeners naively believe that during the winter frosts, all harmful microorganisms die. This is not true.

Bacteria and fungi easily survive low temperatures, and wake up in the spring and continue to develop intensively, causing irreparable damage to delicate greenhouse crops. So how to process the greenhouse after winter?

Disinfection Disinfecting a greenhouse in spring should minimize the risk of disease without compromising product quality.

Chlorine treatment

Chloric lime is used both in autumn, immediately after harvest, and in spring.

This is one of the proven methods. In autumn, the soil for the greenhouse can be thoroughly shed with a concentrated solution of lime, but in the spring you just need to spray lightly so that the composition does not damage the growth of future plants.

In 10 liters of water, you need to dilute 400 g of lime and let it brew for 4 hours. After that, the resulting weak solution should be drained into a spray bottle for spraying the soil, and a thick precipitate should be applied to the ceiling and walls of the greenhouse.

Chlorine lime eliminates:

• black leg;
• keels;
• gall nematode;
• phytophthora;
• white rot.

Sulfur treatment

Fumigation of the greenhouse with sulfur- a common way to combat harmful microorganisms. As a result of the combustion of sulfur, oxides of sulfuric and sulfurous acids are released, which effectively fight bacteria. The only drawback of this method is that the resulting sulfur dioxide may not completely evaporate: it will remain in the soil and pass into the fruits of the planted plants.

There are two ways to treat sulfur:

Burning Sulfur Crystals. To process 1 m3 of a greenhouse, you need to take 50–150 g of sulfur (depending on the number of last year's pests). Crystals should be laid out on metal trays, placed in different corners of the greenhouse, and then set on fire.

The use of special sulfur "checkers". They need to be placed in the corners of the greenhouse and lit.

Important! Both methods require the observance of the simplest security measures. Fumigation should be carried out by a person in a gas mask and protective gloves. After ignition of crystals or "checkers" it is impossible to be in the greenhouse.

In the fumigated room, it is necessary to maintain a low temperature - 10-15ºС. After treatment, the greenhouse should be closed, and after 3 days - ventilated.

Sulfur relieves:

• fungi;
• mold;
• ticks;
• slugs.

Disinfection with formalin solution

A month before planting plants, you can process the greenhouse 40% formalin solution. Before the procedure, the temperature in the greenhouse must be reduced to 10-12ºС so that the formalin does not evaporate. Processing is carried out in a gas mask. After the procedure, the temperature in the greenhouse should be increased to 25ºС, and after a day, the room should be ventilated.

Formalin destroys:

• spider mite;
• fungus;
• mold;
• whitefly.

Treatment with copper sulphate

thorough processing copper sulphate is produced in autumn; in the spring, the walls and ceiling of the greenhouse should be sprayed with a 10% solution of this substance.

Copper sulfate destroys:

• late blight;
• powdery mildew;
• spider mite;
• rot;
• scab.

Treatment with special preparations

Now stores offer a large selection of drugs designed to combat with certain types of bacteria, so gardeners can choose the one that best suits their greenhouse. Special compositions are also good because they do not require a long break: after them, you can continue working in the greenhouse.

These drugs have a beneficial effect on soil fertility: they fix nitrogen, decompose pesticides, bind heavy metals produce natural growth hormones.

Soil replacement

This is the most radical and effective way control of pathogens: the soil affected by bacteria is completely eliminated and replaced with a new one.

Soil replacement - activity difficult and expensive therefore not suitable for large greenhouses.

Important! To reduce costs, you can replace only the top layer (5-7 cm), since it is in it that all fungi and bacteria are concentrated.

Replacement of planted crops

Gardeners know that different plants are prone to different diseases. Therefore, sometimes it is easiest to plant a new crop resistant to the pathogens present in the infected soil.

temperature method

Most germs can be eliminated if carefully spill the soil with boiling water. After watering, the beds should be covered with plastic wrap so that the steam penetrates into the lower layers of the soil and disinfects them.

A photo

Look at the photo: how to process the greenhouse before planting

How to get rid of phytophthora?

Many gardeners are seriously concerned about the question: how to treat the greenhouse from phytophthora in the spring?

Phytophthora- a nightmare of any gardener. This is a fungus that affects all nightshade crops - tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, peppers. Phytophthora is capable of ruining any plant from roots to fruits.

The fruits of a plant affected by phytophthora, cannot be eaten, and the plant itself must be immediately pulled out and burned to prevent the disease from spreading to healthy bushes. However, such methods often do not bring results: once appeared, phytophthora can destroy half of the crop.

Important! Phytophthora prevention should begin in the fall. After harvesting, you need to carefully eliminate all the remains of plants and burn them outside the garden.

If an outbreak of late blight nevertheless occurred in the greenhouse, it is necessary to treat the soil with a special preparation - Fitosporin. Before the next planting of plants, the treatment should be carried out at least 3 times.

What to do if the earth is "tired"?

Fatigue of the earth in the greenhouse is nothing but the absence of fertility. Every year, plants take all the nutrients from the earth, impoverishing and weakening it. To get a new crop, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and much more are required. Therefore, the reserves of nutrients should be replenished.

The easiest way to improve soil fertility is to sow green manure in the greenhouse. This is the name of plants that form a large amount of green mass in a short time: phacelia, watercress, vetch, mustard, rye, oats, clover. Their shoots and roots become an excellent source of organic matter and soil microorganisms. 3 kg of such greens replace 1.5 kg of manure, which has always been considered the best fertilizer for the soil.

When green manure sprout and grow, they are cut off, after which they are plowed into the soil to a depth of 2–3 cm. The dead roots of green manure become food for worms that loosen the soil, improve its structure and saturate the soil with air. After 1–2 weeks, the main crops can be planted on the plowed area.

How to fertilize the earth?

When preparing a greenhouse for planting, soil fertilizer plays an important role. The gardener can use either organic fertilizers or ready-made mineral complexes, which contain all the necessary set of nutrients.

Greenhouse Organic Fertilizers

As organic fertilizers river silt, peat, tree bark, reeds, humus, bird droppings, algae are used. The undoubted advantage of such fertilizers is their naturalness.

They saturate the soil with nutrients and improve the vital activity of beneficial microorganisms. In addition, only with their help you can easily warm up the soil, which will allow you to plant the first plants much earlier.

The most useful fertilizer for the soil is manure. It has all the nutrients. The soil fertilized with manure becomes loose, light, airy.

Manure can be introduced into the ground both in autumn and in spring. In autumn, you can use fresh material: until spring, it will overheat and turn into an excellent top dressing for future plants. But in the spring it is better to use rotted manure: caustic substances contained in fresh material can damage the root system of seedlings.

Mineral fertilizers

Fertilization of the soil with mineral fertilizers contributes to a significant increase in plant productivity. But they should be used with caution: the wrong dosage can ruin the entire fertile layer of the earth. A gardener who decides to fertilize greenhouse soil with mineral dressings should definitely read the instructions.

There are fertilizers that supply the soil with a certain element: phosphorus, nitrogen or potassium. They are called simple. But more popular complex fertilizers, which provide seedlings with the whole set of nutrients at once.

Every gardener knows how important it is to prepare the soil in a greenhouse for planting. After all, only if all the recommendations are carefully followed, you can get a good harvest and provide your family with environmentally friendly products for the whole winter.

Useful video

Watch the video: how to prepare a greenhouse for spring planting, how to process a greenhouse in spring

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