Most often, we go shopping after a working day or on weekends between planned personal matters. This means that we either have too little time and opportunity to think about everything for purchases, or a feeling of fatigue does not allow us to take a sober look at the store shelves. We tried to collect a number of tips, following which you can definitely not only save money, but also avoid unnecessary purchases.

We buy only according to the list

Go shopping without feeling hungry

We participate in loyalty programs

Go shopping without company

We don't get bored at the checkout

We pay in cash

Behave properly with the cashier

What to do if you break a product in a store? What to do if the guard decides to detain you? What to do if you bought a low-quality product? And what if...

Stand up for your rights

An example of defending your rights as a buyer. "OK" will pay 24,000 rubles to a woman who bought a pack of fake oil. The buyer, having tried the oil, realized that the product was of poor quality and, after conducting an independent examination, realized that it was not oil, but a spread. The claim filed with the store was ignored and then the woman went to court.
Judgment - to recover from the defendant O Kay LLC in favor of the plaintiff:
5 000 rub. - in compensation for non-pecuniary damage;
2 500 rub. - fine;
15 000 rub. - expenses for the services of a representative
RUB 1,766 94 kop. - payment costs laboratory research product
Total: 24,266 rubles. 94 kop.

The main consumer rights are:

1. The right of the consumer to the quality of goods, work and services
2. The right to safety of goods, work and services
3. The right to information about the manufacturer, performer, seller
4. A number of rights (refund, replacement of goods, repair or price reduction) if defects are found in the goods during the warranty period and in the absence of a guarantee within 2 years from the date of transfer of the goods
5. The right to participate in the quality control of the goods and the right to be present during the examination of the goods
6. The right to compensation for damages resulting from the sale of goods of inadequate quality
7. The right to a refund in case of violation of the deadline for the transfer of fully or partially prepaid goods
8. The right to exchange goods of good quality
9. The right to refuse the goods at any time before its transfer, and after the transfer of the goods - within seven days for distance selling
10. The right to receive the result of work or service within the time period established by the contract
11. A number of rights (return of money, re-performance of work or provision of services, elimination of defects or reduction in price) if defects are found in the work or service during the warranty period and in the absence of a guarantee within 2 years
12. The right to refuse to execute the contract for the performance of work, the provision of services at any time
13. The right to compensation for losses incurred during the performance of work, the provision of services

What to do if you break something in the store.

The risk of accidental loss or accidental damage to the goods passes to the buyer from the moment when, in accordance with the law, the seller is considered to have fulfilled his obligation to transfer the goods to the buyer. Up to this point, all risks associated with accidental loss or damage to the goods lie with the owner of this product, i.e. on the seller.
You do not have to pay for an accidentally broken item!
However - if you snagged a product on a shelf because the aisles in the store are too narrow, the tape on which you put the bottle went and the bottle broke, if you slipped on the freshly washed floor and knocked down the bottle or even the whole rack when you fell - you pay are not required.
But if you were circling in the store in dance steps, running around waving the hem of your skirt, were intoxicated and you were swaying around the store, picked up a bottle and deliberately threw it on the floor, and even if you took it, but didn’t drop it on purpose, you are required to pay .

By the way, there is the only way force you to pay for the broken goods - in court, the store must prove that you caused the damage intentionally. If the seller begins to accuse you of such intent, remind him that all this still needs to be proven in court. Most importantly, insist that this product stood uncomfortable and you absolutely accidentally touched him. And even if this case goes to court, it will be almost impossible to prove the opposite to the store. It should be noted that the store is unlikely to want to get involved in a lawsuit.
If the store administration requires you to pay for damaged goods that were damaged through no fault of your own, feel free to demand a complaint book and leave a record of what happened in it. At the same time, ask the administration to draw up an act on damage to the goods, in which be sure to write your thoughts on this matter, for example, that there was a wet floor in the aisle or the width of the aisle does not meet the standards. Enlist the support of at least two witnesses to what happened (this can be both your relatives and friends, and other store buyers). Also inform that you do not intend to pay for the cost of the goods, and if the administration wishes, it can demand compensation through the courts. You have every right to do so. In 99% of cases, the incident will be resolved and no one will sue you, because not a single representative of the administration will want to subject the store to additional checks, in which it will be revealed that the distance between the rows is indeed less than established by law. The fine in this case will be much more than the value of the goods you damaged.

You bought a product, and it turned out to be of poor quality. What to do?

A product defect is a non-conformity of the product:
mandatory requirements prescribed by law;
the terms of the contract;
the purposes for which goods of this kind are usually used;
the purposes of which the seller was informed by the consumer at the conclusion of the contract;
sample or description when selling goods by sample or description.
If there is a defect in the goods, and the seller did not warn you about its presence, then you, as a consumer, on the basis of Article 18 federal law"On Consumer Rights Protection" you have the right to declare one of the following requirements, at your choice:
demand replacement for a product of the same brand or replacement for the same product of another brand (model, article) with recalculation of the purchase price;
demand a commensurate reduction in the purchase price;
demand immediate gratuitous elimination of product defects or reimbursement of expenses for their self-correction or by a third party;
refuse to fulfill the contract of sale and demand the return of the amount paid for the goods.
The exception is technically complex goods (aircraft, ships, tractors, system units, navigation equipment, refrigeration equipment, televisions, etc.)
If a deficiency is found in such goods, the consumer has the right to refuse to fulfill the contract of sale and demand the return of the amount paid for such goods or submit a demand for its replacement only within fifteen days from the date of purchase of the goods.

According to Art. 22 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights" the consumer's demand for the return of money paid for the goods sum of money, as well as compensation for losses caused to the consumer as a result of the sale of goods of inadequate quality, or the provision of inadequate information about the goods, are subject to satisfaction by the seller (manufacturer, authorized organization or authorized individual entrepreneur, importer) within 10 days from the date of presentation of the relevant request.
By the way - delivery of bulky goods and goods weighing more than five kilograms for repair, markdown, replacement or return is carried out by and at the expense of the seller.

Cheating in the store

Danger can lie in wait during the entire buying process:
Deception in the trading floor
There are times when goods are laid out on the counter with expired validity. To disguise the date, a new label is glued onto the package over the old label. This is especially true for products that are to be weighed right at the point of sale or stored in a refrigerator.

Often in self-service stores, the cost of goods on the price tag does not correspond to its value at the checkout.

Checkout fraud. There are several tricks with which a store employee appropriates other people's money:
direct calculation, when the cashier gives less change than expected;
punching at the checkout a higher price than the actual cost of the product;
demanding money for the goods that the buyer did not take.
Detention by security at the exit of the store

And so - did they try to sell you expired goods? It is necessary to write a statement describing the situation to Rospotrebnadzor, whose office is often located at the City Administration. The document must be drawn up in two copies, and the one with the mark of acceptance should be kept for yourself.

When it comes to short-counting, underweight and other manipulations, subsequently which a person may lose money, the Office for Combating Economic Crimes will take care of the matter. Its employees are located in the local police department. Here, too, you must submit an application, where you must specify the exact details outlet. They can be found at the information stand of the store.

Check receipts! And then get a marshmallow for 648 rubles

To avoid becoming a victim of fraud in the store, you need to follow a few simple rules:

Carefully study the product label, if it is corrected or re-glued, then it is better not to take such a product;
outweigh on the control scales the goods packed in the store;
pay attention to the price tag, if there are doubts about its compliance with the presented product, clarify the cost of the product at the checkout in advance;
count the change without leaving the cash register;
immediately check the cash receipt;
do not succumb to the provocations of store employees.

Guard actions

Does the security guard have the right to inspect the bag?
No. The guard has no right to inspect your things - neither in the store, nor in the office, nor in the theater. Neither at the entrance nor at the exit. He may ask you to show what you have in your bag, but you have every right to refuse.

What if the guard thinks I stole something?
He can call the police and detain you until she arrives. But the guard must have serious reasons for this - for example, if he saw with his own eyes how you put the goods in your pocket, or the alarm went off. The police can inspect your belongings, but only in compliance with the law - with witnesses, with a protocol, etc. At the same time, the police must also justify why they suspect you of a violation.

What does "delay" mean? By force?
Yes. By law, the guard has the right to apply physical strength to prevent crime or for self-defense. But this does not mean that he can knock a person to the floor if he realizes that he stole a pack of cookies. If the case goes to trial, the court must consider whether the guard's actions are proportionate to the damage he was trying to save the store or office from.

What if I haven't stolen anything, but I'm being detained?
Call the police. There is a special article in the Criminal Code - on abuse of authority by employees of private security companies. Violation is punishable by a fine or imprisonment.

Does the security guard have the right not to let me into the store with a bag?
No, it doesn't. But the guards often do this - they forbid you to enter with a bag and demand that you leave it in special boxes. If you still want to go to the store with a bag, but they don’t let you in, call the administration and find out - who gave the guards such a right? What law says that it is forbidden to enter the store with your bag? Spoiler: none. They will start referring to internal instructions - remind that no instructions can contradict the law. Civil Code does not allow the store administration to invent their own rules - who to let in and who not to let in. If persuasion does not help, call the police and explain the situation.

Does the security guard have the right to prohibit taking pictures of goods?
No. A lot of people have found themselves in this situation: you take pictures of clothes on your phone in a store in order to send them to someone and get advice - to take or not to take. The security guard, referring to the rules of the store, says that photographing goods is prohibited. At this very moment, it violates your constitutional right to freely seek, receive, transmit, produce and distribute information in any legal way. The Civil Code does not prohibit photographing goods in stores.

And if the security guard forbids taking pictures?
If the guard forbids you to take pictures or otherwise violates your legal rights, the first thing you can do is ask him to show the security guard's personal card - every PSC employee should have this document. By law, the guard is required to show you the document. Remember the first and last name of the guard. Calmly explain to the interlocutor that he was misled, and no store rules can prohibit you from taking pictures. If you can see that the security guard takes the authority of his superiors very seriously, refer to Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, who back in 2013 spoke out against bans on photography in stores. If everything is really bad, threaten with a court - there is a practice in such cases.

Is it possible to film a security guard?
A phone with a camera turned on is a good tool in the fight for your rights. The Civil Code allows you to shoot a person in places open to the public without his consent, if he is not the main subject of the shooting. So it’s better to shoot not only the guard who is rude to you, but also other store employees, customers and goods. In addition, the Civil Code allows the filming of a person without consent if "the use of the image is in the state, public or other public interests." This category may well include the desire to use video as evidence in court. This has happened in jurisprudence.

Does the office security guard have the right to demand a passport and rewrite passport data?
Yes, but only with your consent. If you do not want to show your passport, make sure you are asked for documents for legal grounds. Contact the administration office center and find out if there job description security guards a position that allows visitors to enter only with a passport. If there is such a provision, make sure that the security guard you are talking to has the right to process the personal data of guests - a list of such employees is compiled in a special document. Did not find any violations - keep in mind: you can refuse to give your passport to the guard, but in this case he has the legal right not to let you in.

Do I have to leave things in a storage room?
You are not required to leave your belongings in the lockers, and the guard cannot force you to do so. By handing over the bag for storage, you conclude an agreement with the store on the free provision of storage services. According to Article 421.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, any citizen is free to conclude an agreement and no one has the right to impose it.

What to do if a baby stroller is not allowed into the store?
The store has no right to prohibit you from entering with a stroller. Some stores with such a ban may be guided by internal rules and bylaws. However, remember that there is no law prohibiting entering a store with a stroller, but there are articles in the Constitution and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation that protect your rights and the rights of your child.

According to Articles 18 and 55 of the Constitution, human rights and freedoms cannot be restricted, and are effective where this is not limited by law. Moreover, in Russia there is a civil law principle: "everything that is not directly prohibited by law is allowed." Thus, no internal store policy can prevent your child, who is physically unable to move outside the stroller, from entering the store. Also, the restriction of constitutional human rights is pursued by Article 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - “Violation of the equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen” and is punishable either by a fine or imprisonment for up to 5 years. The next time the security guard does not want to let you into the store with a stroller, refer to the articles in the Constitution and the Criminal Code and threaten to call the police.

What to do if the seller has no change, and he refuses to issue the goods?
According to article 426.3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, refusal commercial organization from the conclusion of a public contract, if it is possible to provide the consumer with the relevant goods, services, perform the relevant work for him, it is not allowed.

What should I do if the price on the price tag and when the goods are issued do not match?
If the seller refuses to sell the goods at the price indicated in the price tag, or to return the money for it, then this is regarded simply as a consumer fraud. In such a situation, it is imperative to file a complaint with the Rospotrebnadzor.
According to Article 10.1 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights", "the seller is obliged to provide the consumer with the necessary and reliable information about the goods in a timely manner, ensuring the possibility of their correct choice." Thus, when at the checkout the price of the goods differs greatly from that indicated in the price tag, or the cashiers do not have time or “forget” to change the price tags, this is a violation of the law. Any buyer has the right to receive the goods at the price indicated in the price tag, no matter if the prices have been updated or not.

Can I take pictures of products in the store?
The store is a public place, and you can take pictures in public places. According to Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, any citizen has the right to freely seek, receive, transmit, produce and distribute information in any legal way. The seller or security guard has no right to forbid you from doing this

The distribution of counterfeit products violates the right of the buyer as a consumer to receive reliable information about the product and its manufacturer. The buyer is unable to right choice quality goods.
According to Art. 8 of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights, the consumer has the right to require the seller to provide the necessary and reliable information about the manufacturer and the goods sold by him.
This information must be reliable, in a visual and accessible form is brought to the attention of the consumer in Russian, including in technical documentation, on a label, label or otherwise. The reliability of the information implies the conformity of the information contained in it about the product with its actual parameters. If the information provided about the product is unreliable or insufficiently complete, then the seller will face the legal consequences provided for in Art. 12 of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights, according to which the consumer has the right to demand compensation from the seller for damages, as well as within a reasonable time to refuse to fulfill it and demand the return of the amount paid for the goods and compensation for damages.

According to Art. 1515, 1519 counterfeit goods, labels, packaging of goods on which illegally placed trademark or a designation confusingly similar to it are counterfeit, as well as goods, labels, packaging of goods on which the names of the places of origin of goods or confusingly similar designations are illegally used. Thus, the goods purchased by you with non-compliance by the seller with the requirements of Art. 1515, 1519 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation is counterfeit (fake).

In accordance with Part 1 of Art. 12 of the Federal Law of February 7, 2002 N 2300-1 "On Protection of Consumer Rights", if the consumer is not given the opportunity to immediately receive information about the product upon conclusion of the contract, he has the right to refuse to execute the contract and demand a refund of the amount paid for the goods and compensation for other losses.

When buying goods in a store, the issued check is considered proof of the conclusion of the contract.

According to Article 12 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 7, 2002 N 2300-1 "On Protection of Consumer Rights", if the consumer is not given the opportunity to immediately receive information about the product (work, service) at the conclusion of the contract, he has the right to demand compensation from the seller (executor) losses caused by unjustified evasion from concluding the contract, and if the contract is concluded, within a reasonable time, refuse to fulfill it and demand the return of the amount paid for the goods and compensation for other losses.

In case of refusal to fulfill the contract, the consumer is obliged to return the goods (the result of work, services, if possible by their nature) to the seller (executor).

The seller (executor) who has not provided the buyer with complete and reliable information about the product (work, service) is liable under paragraphs 1 - 4 of Article 18 or paragraph 1 of Article 29 of the Federal Law of February 07, 2002 N 2300-1 "On Protection of Consumer Rights ", for the shortcomings of the goods (work, service) that arose after its transfer to the consumer due to the lack of such information.

Thus, the buyer has the right to return the goods to the seller and demand a refund of the money paid.

Expired goods

What to do if the product is expired?
According to Article 7 of the Consumer Rights Protection Law, the consumer has the right to product safety, and Article 18 of the same law gives the buyer the right to return a low-quality product back to the store and demand a replacement or refund. In order for the return of the goods to go without problems, you always need to keep the receipt - in this case, they will definitely not be able to refuse to return the money to you. If there is no receipt, then two witnesses will be enough to confirm that you bought the goods in this place. In any case, stores rarely conflict when returning expired goods. If the buyer files a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor, then the store faces a large fine, and possibly a small reputational blow, for the sale of expired products. This, of course, is unprofitable for retail chains. First of all, in food without fail information on the date and time of manufacture, on the date of packaging, and the expiration date of this product must be indicated. If, nevertheless, the buyer came home and realized that the purchased product was damaged, he should:

Draw up a contract when providing you with repair work

The consumer has the right to demand from the contractor:
redo all identified shortcomings at your own (executor's) expense;
reduce the cost of work;
carry out rework;
replace damaged parts or materials at your own (performer's) expense;
refund everything cash, which were spent when correcting defects by the consumer or by attracting third parties;
return all money in case of refusal to fulfill the terms of the contract.
(more detailed information on the requirements can be found in the Consumer Protection Law in Articles 13 and 29)

In order to oblige the contractor to indemnify losses or engage in re-work, it is necessary to draw up a claim in writing in two copies, in which to indicate a specific requirement. An important point will be an indication of only one requirement, for example, reducing the cost of work. The presence of multiple claims will not be considered by the court. For example, a claim that includes claims for cost reduction and rework may result in a claim being dismissed, leaving both claims unsatisfied.

The next step will be to hand over to the contractor one copy of the request. It is necessary that on the second copy the contractor confirms the fact of delivery of the demand by signing it and putting down the date. The second copy must remain in the hands of the customer. In most cases, the performer refuses to confirm the fact of delivery, especially to put his signature on the document. Under these circumstances, you can use the services of postal messages by sending a request by registered mail. Before sending the letter, you should make an inventory of the attachments and use the notification-on-delivery service, which will be somewhat more expensive, but more weighty in litigation.

By the way, keep in mind that there are many nuances in separating the provision of non-material services (training, cosmetic procedures, etc.) and repair and construction services. In the intangible sphere of service provision, it is more difficult to prove that the service was performed poorly.

Municipal Budgetary Society educational institution

"Average comprehensive school№1"

School scientific and practical conference "Science Day"

Khanty-Mansi autonomous region- Yugra

Project

Create a memo« Saving is easy!»

Puzikova Daria

uch10 « e» class

Supervisor:

Kireeva Anna Leonidovna

teachermathematics

first qualification category

2015

Content

Annotation................................................. ...............................3

Research plan .............................................................. .........................5

Research Article................................................ ...................................6

Bibliography................................................ .........................fourteen

Appendix................................................. ...................................fifteen

annotation

Project theme: with creation of a memo "Saving is easy!".

Relevance of the topic:

At the end of 2014, we faced a situation of sharp appreciation of the dollar and the euro against the ruble, which provoked a rapid rise in food prices. Since food are one of the most costly categories of expenses in the family budget, then each person tries to save on it.

Unlike others market systems, the food market is of great importance for the population of any country, since its normal functioning provides the physiological needs of people for food, helps to strengthen their health and active life.

Due to population growth, the demand for food products is growing, which leads to the active development of retail trade networks.On the territory of our city there are three retail chains: "Coin", "Perekrestok" and "Farm Market" in whichyou can buy quality foodstuffs at a lower price than in small retail chains, thereby saving time and money.

Target: Identify a trading network that is profitable for the family budget.

Methods: To achieve the goal and solve problems, the following methods were used:

Theoretical - a method of studying theoretical material.

Research - a method of scientific knowledge.

The method of reflection is a method of immersion in oneself and self-knowledge.

The method of description is the method of an exhaustive presentation of the subject.

Findings:

As a result of the work on the project, the following were formed:

Design and research skills;

Social and communication skills;

Ability to analyze own performance and correct it.

Programming skills "photoshop" and "excel».

A memo for residents of the city of Megion “Saving is easy!” has been created.

Bibliography:

Textbook "Food Market" Kiseleva Elena Nikolaevna, Vlasova Olga Viktorovna, Konnova Ekaterina Borisovna 78 p.

This manual details the material on what a retail network is, as well as the conditions under which the sale is carried out.

Milestones of Economic Thought Volume 3 I. Aleshina, V. V. Galperin, V. M. Galperin
This book defines the fundamentals of rational choice and some of the functions of the market.

Chkalova O.V. Trading enterprise: textbook. allowance / O. V. Chkalova. – M.: Eskmo, 2008. 320 p.

In that study guide presented detailed information on the classification of food products into groups of homogeneous products.

Study plan

Problem: how to help the residents of the city of Megion save time and money when buying groceries?

Hypothesis: If you create a memo for buyers "Saving is easy!", then you can teach the residents of Megion to save on the purchase of food products.

Tasks:

To study the literature on food products.

Conduct a survey to identify commonly consumed food items

Classify commonly consumed food items

Analyze prices for food products in the retail chains "Coin", "Crossroads", "Podsolnukh".

Create a memo "Saving is easy!"

Research methods:

The theoretical method made it possible to find out what the food market is, as well as to determine its functions, and to study retail chains, with their classification.

The research method made it possible to understand the variety of food products, and the preferences of consumers in our city.

The reflection method allowed to analyze and timely correct the work on the project, their own activities.

The description method made it possible to present the material in full.

Research Article

Creating a memo "Saving is easy!"

Market - this is a system of economic relations that develop in the process of production, circulation and distribution of products (goods, works, services) and is characterized by the freedom of economic entities in choosing buyers, sellers, determining prices, forming and using sources of resources. Simply put, the market is a mechanism for the interaction of buyers and sellers.

food item is a product that allows you to satisfy the physiological need of a person for vital energy, as well as irreplaceable substances, which is necessary to ensure the normal functioning of his body.

Food market - it is holistic dynamic system rational formation and distribution of food resources of primary and secondary processing, ensuring the interaction of producers and consumers in establishing the volume and structure of production, as well as achieving and maintaining the required quality and price of products.

The food market as a management system performsthe followingfunctions :

informational

intermediary

pricing

regulatory

sanitizing

Rational choice of consumption - the basis of consumer theory. When implementing the decision made regarding the composition of the consumer basket, an economic entity always pays attention to the current market situation, therefore, it is guided by the followingfactors :

Consumer preferences . The buyer in his choice, first of all, relies on his own preferences, tastes and desires, since it is they who primarily determine the composition of his consumer basket.

Rationality of choice. The consumer in the market seeks to purchase such a set of goods, the utility of the consumption of which would be maximum. This can be achieved when the consumer makes his choice consciously, while taking into account the possible utility of various alternative goods.

budget restrictions. The subject and his choice is always limited by the amount of income that he has at a certain point in time. It is within this framework, minus the amount of money for savings, that he acquires certain benefits. In other words, according to the first economic law, income is always limited, and human needs have the property of infinite growth, so the buyer is forced to limit his desires.

Retail chains

Retail trade network - is a group of enterprises retail and other trading units located in a certain area for the purpose of selling goods and serving customers or under common management.

This is the main organizational and technical link through which goods are brought to the consumer and their needs for a variety of consumer goods are satisfied.

The retail trade network provides an opportunity to quickly, conveniently, with minimum cost time and energy to acquire desired goods and services in conditions of free choice in a convenient quantity, close to the place of work and housing.

The retail trade network can be classified according to various criteria.

dependingon the conditions under which the sale is carried out, it can be stationary or non-stationary.

Rice. 1. Types of retail network depending on the terms of sale

Fixed network located in specially equipped buildings and structures intended for sale and purchase.

The stationary retail network is represented by a retail network (shops) and a small retail network (pavilions, kiosks, stalls, vending machines).

Retail network is a set of trade enterprises interacting on the basis of a single coordination determined by external environment. This network includes specially equipped buildings (shops) that sell goods and services to customers for their personal, family and home use.

Small retail trade network includes pavilions, tents, stalls, kiosks. The small retail trade network has great flexibility, the ability to quickly deploy and get as close as possible to customers, its construction and operation does not require large expenditures. In small retail trading network food and non-food products of a simple assortment are sold and daily demand. The disadvantages of a small-scale retail network are the narrowness of the assortment, the lack of convenience for customers when choosing goods, the difficulty in creating proper conditions for storing goods and monitoring compliance with trade rules.

Types of retail network by type of assortment

The range of goods is an important feature of the classification of a retail chain. The number of commodity items presented to the buyer is determined by the format of the store. One of the ways to improve the retail network is its specialization, which facilitates work and increases productivity, and has a positive impact on the quality of customer service.

On the basis of product assortment, they distinguish: universal retail chains, specialized chains, networks with a mixed assortment of goods, networks with a combined assortment.

Universal retail chains sell a universal assortment (all groups) of food or non-food items.

Specialized retail chains (including highly specialized ones) sell one group of goods or part commodity group. This allows us to provide customers with a deeper and richer assortment, to have closer ties with suppliers, and to reduce paperwork. Specialized companies have Better conditions to explore customer demand, more opportunities to offer customer service.

Chains with a mixed assortment of goods implement certain types food and non-food products. This group includes enterprises in which specialization is not observed and other goods are sold along with the main assortment.

Chains with a combined assortment sell several groups of goods connected by a common demand or satisfying any needs of buyers.

Characteristics of the retail trade network by the level of retail prices

The price performs an extremely important function, which is to receive income (profit) from the sale of goods. The achieved commercial results depend on the prices. The price serves as a means of establishing certain relations between the enterprise and buyers, it affects the competitiveness of the enterprise.

The market requires an individual approach to the needs of buyers. Intensified competition in the retail market leads to the fact that the price factor remains the most important for the majority (60%) of Russians. Greater differentiation in consumer income levels forces trade enterprises focus on specific market segments. There are no more than 30 large retail chains in Russia (having several dozen or several stores in more than five regions of Russia).

It is easiest to classify retail chains by consumer segment, they differ not only in prices, but also in the choice of goods, design retail space and service:

Luxury/Premium Networks

For wealthy buyers

Economy class shops

Discounters

Classification of food products into groups of homogeneous products

The class "food products" is subdivided by origin into 3 subclasses: products of plant origin, products of animal origin and goods of mixed origin (plant, animal, mineral, biosynthetic). Further division of subclasses into groups of homogeneous goods is carried out according to the raw material and purpose.

Municipal educational institution

"Gymnasium No. 37"
Technology project
Proper nutrition is the basis of human health

Smart Buyer's Note
The project was carried out

9th grade student:

Revina Irina

Suzi Marina

Victorovna

Petrozavodsk

Content
1. Explanatory note, substantiation of the problem .................... 3
2. Tasks…………………………………………………………..4
3. Research…………………………………………………..4
4. Bank of ideas……………………………………………………….6
5. Development of the best idea…….………………………………...9
6. Production of the collection.………………………………………….9
7. Economic calculations………………………………………… 10
8. Environmental assessment………………………………………...10
9. Self-analysis of the project…………………………………………...11
10. List of sources used ..……………………...12

1. Explanatory note (substantiation of the problem).
“Healthy nutrition is the basis of human health. School of the competent buyer»
This project-research belongs to the field of health-saving technologies. In our society, the problem is long overdue - how to preserve the health of the nation, and therefore every Russian, i.e. each of us?

The number of acute and chronic diseases associated with malnutrition is growing alarmingly. Today it is difficult to find a completely healthy person. The state of health of a person depends on his ability to work and the well-being of the family.

Everyone knows the well-known health formula:
Nutrition + lifestyle + worldview.
In this project, the first term of this formula is considered - the organization of a healthy diet. Despite the globality and complexity of this problem, each of us can and should make efforts to solve it.

Already from the school bench, you need to think about saving your health and learn how to properly organize your food and the food of your future family.

The key to a successful solution to this problem is in the information security of the population in this area (armed with knowledge means protected) and systems approach to the choice of food for the family table.

The result of our research was the information collection "Reminder of a competent buyer", which will help each person to navigate the abundance of food, choosing the safest and most healthy products for themselves and their families. This will be the first step towards maintaining the health of each of us.

2. Tasks.
1. Collect materials about proper, healthy human nutrition
2. Study legal documents that protect consumer rights
3. Conduct a sociological survey
4. Develop a consumer food product passport
5. Identify the main criteria for assessing the quality of food

6. Select useful information from the field of consumer knowledge, which helps to quickly determine the usefulness of a food product
7. Develop a short compendium containing useful information for the buyer

3. Research.
The organization of a healthy diet begins with the legal literacy of every Russian as potential consumer and buyer. Before we put any dish on the table, we must purchase products from the distribution network. You can, of course, grow products on your personal plot, we will be sure of its quality, but not everyone has such an opportunity. Most of us buy food from the grocery store. Here we are faced with the first problem: how not to make a mistake in choosing the right products that meet all safety requirements?

In the technology lessons at our gymnasium, we study the basics of consumer legal literacy. We are introduced to this legal instrument like "Law Russian Federation on the protection of consumer rights" ( Appendix 1)

This document describes in detail the rights of the buyer and the obligations of the seller and the manufacturer of goods and services.

Based on some articles of this document, in particular:
Art. 8. The consumer's right to information about the manufacturer and the product;

Art. 9. Information about the manufacturer;

Art.10. Product Information,

we are learning how to draw up a consumer product passport ( appendix 2).

The consumer passport of the goods contains the necessary information about the product, which largely characterizes the quality of the goods. A competent buyer will not purchase products without carefully studying the information on the packaging. Studying this information, we must first of all pay attention to the date of manufacture and expiration date of the product, the composition of the product, its nutritional value and some other parameters. But even the detailed information on the packaging will not give us the right guide to the sea of ​​goods if we do not know the criteria for selecting healthy, safe food. Today in the means mass media, especially on the Internet, you can find a large number of tips and advice on proper nutrition.

After reviewing various sources, we selected the advice of environmentalists and nutritionists in the field of healthy eating and in our work used three main criteria for evaluating a product:
Criterion 1 - environmental indicators.

Here we considered the composition of the product, the presence or absence of chemical additives and genetically modified organisms, based on the table of harmful chemical additives, and in addition, we studied how close the product is to its natural state.
Criterion 2 - impact on human health.

Here we identified the presence of contraindications for use due to health reasons (the presence of certain diseases), studied the effect of chemical additives and GMOs on human health, and determined the place of the product in the dietary pyramid developed by nutritionists of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
Criterion 3 - impact on the environment.

Here we studied the material of the product packaging from the point of view of its further disposal (everyone knows the harm that the recycling of plastic packaging causes to the environment) ( application3).
The students of our gymnasium carried out an ecological examination of food products. Several groups of students received special environmental assessment cards and, having studied the information on the food packages according to the specified criteria, made a conclusion about the advisability of eating these products ( annex 4)

As a result of our research, we came up with the idea to compile an information collection that will help anyone choose healthy and safe food.

3. Bank of ideas.

What can be included in the content

Having studied variants of such publications in various sources, we found out that they mainly contain information of a legal nature, or environmental, or provide a detailed examination of specific food products. Of course, this is very useful and necessary information, but it takes a lot of time to study it. Our task is to create a small collection containing the necessary information from various areas consumer knowledge. This collection can include information:
- on the basic law protecting the rights of the consumer ( Appendix 1);
- about an organization where you can protect your consumer rights

(Appendix 1);
- consumer passport of the food product ( app 2 ;)
- the main criteria for evaluating a food product ( appendix 3);
- list of barcodes of manufacturing countries ( appendix 5);
- a list of harmful chemical food additives and their impact on human health ( appendix 6);
- the rational pyramid ( application 7);
- rules for buying goods ( annex 8);
- 10 major mistakes in our diet ( annex 9);
- "the five most dangerous products"

and good wishes good health.

Using this information, each buyer can easily orient himself in a huge variety of products offered by manufacturers and, thereby, protect himself from dangerous and harmful food on his table.

Collection name options:

1) To help the consumer

2) Buyer's cheat sheet

3) Stay healthy - eat right!

4) Memo of a competent buyer

In the end, option 4 was chosen.

Manufacturing technology:
Typing, tables, editing is now performed only on a computer using MS Word, MS Excel, MS Paint and others. Printing can be done on laser or inkjet printer. Note that the text printed on an inkjet printer spreads when it gets wet. To avoid this, you can print on an inkjet printer, and then photocopy.

As a result, the option of printing on laser printer, but inkjet printing is acceptable.
Format:

• 
  A4 format is inconvenient for storage and use
• 
  Any part of the A4 format is convenient for use and storage, but there will be a lot of waste when cutting sheets (uneconomical)
• 
  A5 size (half of A4 size) economical, easy to store

Cover (design and production method):
one). The inscription on a white background 3). An inscription with a picture or photo

2). An inscription on a colored background 4). The inscription on the background of the picture

For strength, the cover can be laminated or pasted over manually with a self-adhesive film.
Chosen option: an inscription on a white background with a picture, followed by lamination.

Text layout and page junctions:
1 2 3 4

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

"ooo" - the place where the pages connect
As a result, option No. 3 was chosen - more convenient for using and placing tables.
Design:
For ease of use, you can place a calendar for 2010 in the collection. On the bottom of the cover, you can place a picture with a view of the city, thereby showing that some information is intended for residents of Petrozavodsk

How pages are connected

1. 
   Pages can be stapled together.
2. 
   You can bind the pages in the bookbinding workshop.
3. 
   Pages can be glued with PVA glue, but the appearance may suffer.
4. 
   Pages can be connected using a booklet.

As a result, option No. 1 was chosen - for home-made (in single copies) and option No. 2 - for a small circulation.

5. Development of the best idea.
As a result of the study of options, the following was chosen:
Product name - "Reminder of a competent buyer";

about the basic law protecting the rights of the consumer;

address and phone number of the consumer protection organization;

rules for the purchase of goods;

consumer passport of the product;

list of barcodes of manufacturing countries with explanations;

a list of harmful chemical food additives and their impact on health;

the main criteria for evaluating a food product for environmental safety;

rational pyramid;

10 major mistakes in our diet, the "five" of the most dangerous foods.
The titles of the sections are made on white or colored paper of the format - A5;
Text layout and connections - book version, connection on the left

on a booklet or stapler;

Cover - laminated white or colored paper with title and illustration;

Printing and editing on PC.

6. Making a collection.
1. Editing and design of pages (work on a PC)

2. Preparing paper for printing (cut A4 sheets in half with a clerical knife)

3. Selection of illustrations (Paint program, Internet)

4. Printing (on an inkjet or laser printer)

5. Binding (stapler or booklet)

6. Lamination.
7. Economic calculation.
1. A pack of office paper (500 sheets, density 80g / m 2 A4 format) costs

160 rubles. It took 6 sheets to print => cost

used paper - 6 × (160 ÷ 500) = 1.92 rubles.

2. Colored paper costs 0.8 rubles. for 1 sheet. It took 2 sheets to print => the cost of used colored paper is 0.8 × 2 = 1.6 rubles

(White paper option is more economical.)

3. Printing (ink consumption) - 6 rubles.

4. Stitching - 20 rubles. (using a stapler is more economical)
Total: from 10 rubles. up to 30 rubles (depending on the type of brochure).

8. Environmental assessment.
The collection is made of paper, which is easily recycled without harming the environment.

10. List of used literature.
1. Technology: A textbook for 8th grade students. Ed. V.D. Simonenko - M .: Ventana - Graf, 2007.

2. Law of the Russian Federation No. On the Protection of Consumer Rights "- M .: Omega - L, 2005.

3. Materials from magazines and newspapers.
Internet sites:
www.potrebitel.by

www.ua.all-biz.info

www.greenpatrol.ru/
Appendix 1.
Consumer rights are protected by the Law of the Russian Federation on the Protection of Consumer Rights

Appendix 2
Product information (food)

Appendix 3

Criteria for evaluating a food product for environmental safety

Appendix 4

Ecological examination of goods (foodstuffs)

Barcode decoding

Take, for example, a digital code: 4820024700016. The first two digits (482) indicate the country of origin (manufacturer or seller) of the product, the next 4 or 5 depending on the length of the country code (0024) - the manufacturer, five more (70001) - product name, its consumer properties, dimensions, weight, color. The last digit (6) is a check digit used to check the correct reading of the strokes by the scanner. EAN-13:

For the country code of the manufacturer, two or three characters are allotted, and for the company code - four or five. Goods that are large in size may have a short code consisting of eight digits - EAN-8.

As a rule, the country code is assigned by the EAN International Association. We draw the attention of consumers to the fact that the country code never consists of one digit. Sometimes the code printed on the label does not correspond to the country of the manufacturer declared on the package, there may be several reasons for this. First: the company was registered and received a code not in its own country, but in the one where the main export of its products is directed. Second: the product was manufactured on subsidiary. Third: perhaps the product was manufactured in one country, but under the license of a company from another country. Fourth - when several firms from different countries become the founders of the enterprise.
Correspondence table of country barcodes in the "EAN" system.
COUNTRY BARCODE

Australia 93

Austria 90-91

Belgium 54

Bulgaria 380

Bosnia 387

Brazil 789

UK 50

Hungary 599

Vietnam 893

Germany 400-440

Greece 520

Israel 729

Indonesia 899

Ireland 539

Iceland 569

Spain 84

Italy 80-83

Canada 00-09

China 690-691

Latvia 475

Luxembourg 54

Netherlands 87

Nicaragua 740-745

New Zealand 94

Norway 70

Poland 590

Portugal 560

Russia 460

Romania 594

Singapore 888

Slovakia 858

Slovenia 383

Thailand 885

Turkey 869

Ukraine 482

Finland 64

France 30-37

Switzerland 76

Sri Lanka 479

Estonia 474

South Korea 880

7. We store and prepare foods incorrectly (we salt a lot, fry, boil);

8. love to eat between meals;

9. we eat, not taking into account the age requirements for the diet;

10. we know little about rational nutrition.

Annex 10.
"Five Most Dangerous Foods"

1. 
   carbonated drinks;

1. 
   chips, french fries, crackers;

1. 
   boiled sausages, sausages, sausages;

1. 
   heavily fried fatty meat;

1. 
   "fast food" (fast food).