Each enterprise has a certain number of jobs assigned to specific performers in a given period of time. The workplace is a primary and necessary element in the organization of any production process. For each of them, there are a number of specific requirements that employers must take into account so that the working day of the subordinate is as productive and safe as possible.

The concept of the employee's workplace, its regulatory framework

The definition of the workplace is as follows: it means a special area reserved for each employee, on which the required official duties devices and mechanisms.

From a legal point of view, a workplace is a specific address where a person regularly works. For example, the address of a company, office or workshop. In conditions where the employee's employment agreement implies traveling work, then the address and name of the company are considered to be the workplace. So, in the case of an appropriate expression of the will of the employer, this information can be indicated in the employment contract.

We can summarize the following features of the workplace:

• it is located on the territory of the company, or a certain part of it. Also, the place may be located in other areas if the subjects of a particular organization work on them (for example, separate divisions in other cities);
• the workplace has all the necessary means of labor of the subject. Supposed necessary devices, office supplies, as well as other assets that allow for the employment of a particular person.

"place of work" and " workplace» are different concepts and have different meanings in a legal context.

So, based on Art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, fixing a place of work with a citizen is a mandatory step in concluding an agreement. The concept of "workplace" is specified in Art. 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which proves the non-identity of the terms.

General classification of jobs

There is a fairly exhaustive classification of job types. At the same time, the features various industries can complement it.

Thus, the classification of jobs occurs on the basis of various features inherent in each individual workspace, in particular:

Workplace and place of work ─ differences

The place of work is prerequisite the legitimacy of the labor agreement, its necessary element, which regulates labor legislation.

In circumstances where the employer and subordinate did not register the specified information when drawing up the main contract, it is necessary to draw up an additional agreement. It will need to indicate the place of work ─ that is, the company that is the employer.

In turn, the workplace is not a required element of the labor agreement. Its designation in the text of the document is considered the will of the employer. However, it is nevertheless recommended to indicate it, as this will avoid some difficulties if there are conflict situations with an employee.

Thus, the place of work is a concept with a number of limitations. It includes only the name of the employer and the address of the company. This information can differ only if the enterprise has separate divisions.

The workplace is designated as a specific room, office or workshop. It must also be suitably equipped. The organization of the workplace is regulated by Art. 21 and Art. 119 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

It is important to note that workplaces in the company, among other things, are also characterized by regular certification in order to determine whether the actual working conditions of employees comply with established standards.

In addition, it is at the workplace that the presence of harmful factors that can have a negative impact on the health of the subject is established.

In circumstances where the workplace involves close contact with negative factors external environment, the employer undertakes to provide the subordinate with appropriate compensation amounts. This provision is stated in the contract.

If the manager ignores the need to provide additional payments, he will be held administratively liable.

So, we can summarize the main differences between the place of work and the workplace:

• the place of work should be reflected in the text of the contract. The workplace is not a mandatory clause of the executed contract and is indicated in the document at the initiative of the employer;
• the place of work implies the right of the manager to adjust the location of the employee during the work shift, sending him to different parts of the city for production purposes. The workplace is a specific room where the subject must be the entire work shift, excluding the time of business trips and official assignments;
• if the employer expresses a desire to make adjustments to the wording of the place of work of the subordinate, he must obtain the written consent of the employee for this operation. Changing the workplace, in turn, can be carried out based on the will of the manager. However, in such conditions, the employee must be warned in advance.

Ergonomic requirements for the organization of the workplace

The organization of the workplace involves competent and providing the premises with the equipment necessary for the work of the employee. All workplaces of office employees have standards in the same way as the workplaces of chemists, doctors, builders, etc.

General ergonomic requirements for the place where the subject will work are given in the following standards:

• GOST 12/2/032-78. This GOST assumes ergonomic requirements for the places of those employees whose work duties are performed in a sitting position;
• GOST 12/2/033-78. Contains ergonomic requirements for the places of workers performing standing duties.

These requirements include the following:

• the arrangement of the workplace should take into account the anthropometric, physical and psychological characteristics of employees, as well as the direction production activities;
• all objects necessary for the employee in the process professional activity, must be within reach;
• those objects that are used frequently by the employee should be within easy reach, etc.

These standards do not fix the requirements for the workplaces of drivers, as well as other employees whose nature of work is not stationary. Also, these categories of the employed population include the military and people undergoing industrial practice.

Sanitary and hygienic requirements for the organization of the workplace

Labor legislation obliges the employer to provide jobs for subordinates, taking into account labor protection requirements. That is, the manager must exercise control over the compliance of subordinates with the norms in order to avoid the influence of harmful factors of production on people.

Thus, the company should be equipped with special rooms for eating, providing medical care, as well as space for relaxation. That is, first-aid posts, canteens, rest rooms are formed by the employer.

To comply with sanitary and hygienic standards, it is required to control such parameters:

• air temperature - should be from 22 to 24 degrees, if the street is less than 10 degrees Celsius. If the outside temperature is more than 10 degrees, then in the office it should be kept at around 23 to 25 degrees. Based on SanPiN 2.2.4.3359/16 No. 81 dated 06/21/2016, if the temperature requirement is not met, the working day may be reduced;
• safe work on computers. In particular, the room where the computer is located must be at least 4.5 sq.m., while if a kinescopic monitor is installed, the area increases to 6 sq.m. Every hour the room must be ventilated. Detailed requirements for the width of the desktop, its height, etc., as well as the location of the employee while working at the computer, are given in SanPiN 2.2.2.2.4.1340/03 dated 05/30/2003;
• illumination in the working room - should be from 300 to 500 lux;
• noise level - the maximum figure is 80 decibels.

Based on SanPiN 2.2.2.1332/03 dated 05/30/2003, it is strictly forbidden to locate equipment intended for copying and printing in basements.

Workplace safety requirements

Occupational safety at the enterprise is carried out by a specialized limbo division of an authorized person, in particular, a labor protection specialist. The manager must also obey the requirements of these employees.

The main areas of labor protection, the enhanced controlling of which makes it possible to ensure the safety of the work activities of employees, are:

Responsibility of the employer for non-fulfillment of requirements for the organization of workplaces of subordinates

An employee's workplace is one of the main elements of a stable production activity of an enterprise. The goal of any employer is to provide safe work to their subordinates. In circumstances where safety requirements are not met, the manager will expect to be held accountable.

Violations are identified through regular certification. So, at the initial detection of their presence at the enterprise, the manager will be fined from 2 to 5 thousand rubles. The legal entity, in turn, will incur losses in the amount of 50 to 80 thousand rubles. on the basis of Art. 5/27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Hello! In this article we will consider the procedure for certification of workplaces for working conditions.

Today you will learn:

1. What is attestation, what is the procedure and stages of its implementation;
2. What are the deadlines and validity period;
3. What's new adopted in 2019;
4. Where the results of the study can be useful and which firms are doing this.

Certification what is it

This is a concept from the labor law section. Denotes match detection environment and other factors at the place of work of a person, labor protection standards, for harmful and dangerous indicators.

If these factors are detected, the employer is obliged to develop an algorithm of actions to approximate working conditions in accordance with these standards.

The phrase "attestation of workplaces" was actively used until 2013, already in 2014 the definition "special assessment" was replaced.

The very concept and rules for its implementation are supported by Federal Law No. 426 of December 28, 2013. The main thing in this action is a set of techniques for detecting and assessing the harmfulness and danger of production indicators and the degree of their impact on human health.

Why is certification needed and is it needed at all? This procedure is carried out to separate all production factors by degree negative impact on human health into classes and subclasses.

This division in the lives of many workers plays big role. Employees engaged in the labor process with negative working conditions can count on a reduction in seniority in order to assign a pension and receive benefits.

Certification allows you to give a full assessment of each workplace from several sides, its goals are:

1. Assess the degree and level of how factors influence production environment per person.
2. To identify the severity and tension of individual production cycles on the health status of the employee.
3. Determine the level of injury and its safety.
4. Determine the security of each employee with overalls for life-threatening work.

The result of such an assessment is the completion of a certification card, which forms the basis for the development of measures to reduce injuries at the enterprise.

Who is subject to a special assessment of working conditions

Special certification of workplaces applies to all categories of employers.

These include:

• regardless of the type of property;
• Commercial firms;
• Budget institutions;
• with at least one employee on staff.

Only individual entrepreneurs who do not have employees, as well as individuals who have civilian employment, but do not formalize them properly, are not subject to such a procedure.

Payment to specialists conducting certification is made only from the accounts of enterprises and institutions that have undergone such verification, which is stipulated in the Labor Code, Art. 212.

The procedure for attestation of workplaces

The process of determining the level of hazardous work can be carried out in several ways:

1. It is carried out only at the expense of the employer. This is possible for large enterprises.
2. The whole range of works is carried out by a third-party company, which is responsible for certification of work places. It must be certified and have the appropriate license.
3. Conducted jointly. Financial and preparatory work is carried out by specialists of the audited organization, and measurements are performed by a third-party company.

All of these works are regulated by the "Regulations on the rules for certification", adopted by the Ministry of Labor and Social. development of the Russian Federation and entered into force on 01.07.1997. Amendments were made only on 09/01/2008.

The whole process of special assessment can be represented by several stages:

1. Preparation for the evaluation work.
2. The main one, which consists in the verification itself.
3. Final, development of final documents with records of the results of all studies
4. Evaluation of the results obtained during the procedure.
5. Preparation for certification of the organization based on the results of the audit.

Let's consider each stage in more detail.

Training

The head of the institution, which is subject to a special assessment of workers, appoints his employee as chairman of the commission. He, in turn, selects his team. Basically, a person responsible for labor protection at work is appointed to the position of chairman, this may be an occupational safety engineer (OT).

In any firm or organization in attestation commission includes:

• OT engineer;
• HR officer;
• Mechanic;
• Electrician or power engineer;
• Payroll Accountant;
• Honey. employee;
• Member of a trade union organization;
• Technologist.

The number of people can be determined individually, such a rule is not stipulated in the regulations for the assessment of conditions.

Such a composition can be observed in small institutions, and in large companies similar commissions should be present in all individual divisions with a central commission at the head.

Each list of employees for attestation of workplaces is approved by an order for the main activity, indicating the full name, position of the chairman and members of the commission, as well as the timing of the audit.

All representatives are trained. To do this, the chairman should invite a specialist from the regional organization for public safety, to conduct methodological lessons. The workshop can go on for two days.

The next action on the part of the commission is the development of a schedule of events. On the this stage there is a determination of the terms and stages of certification with an indication of authorized persons.

Further, a list of jobs that are assessed is determined, indicating harmful and dangerous factors for basic measurements. When compiling the register, employees rely on the General Classifier of Occupations and identify the types of work that are most susceptible to the negative impact of factors.

They mainly refer to the complaints of employees, for example, lack of ventilation in the room, vibration, loud noise.

Documentation of the list is presented in the form of a table and plays an important role in the overall certification procedure, as it sets the scope of the entire certification work.

And the last step of this stage is the collection and systematization of complete information about each workplace, its environmental factors, as well as the preparation regulatory framework regulating the special assessment of the indicators of the danger of injury to a person and providing him with means personal protection(PPE).

main stage

Certification is aimed at identifying the compliance of work factors with state labor protection standards in a number of areas:

• Compliance with hygiene standards;
• Risk of injury in the workplace;
• Availability of protective clothing, gloves, boots, respirators, glasses;
• Comprehensive assessment of all conditions.

The assessment, according to hygienic criteria, takes into account all dangerous and harmful factors, severity, tension. It can also be biological, physical, chemical factors. It is carried out with special measuring instruments. The results revealed as a result of measurements are documented in a protocol.

The protocol includes the following data:

1. Date of measurement.
2. Specifies the unit being assessed.
3. The name of the measurement devices.
4. The name of the factor being measured.
5. A drawing of the room in which the measurements were taken, indicating the exact location.
6. The standard value of the measured factor for further comparison.
7. Autograph of the responsible person for the measurement.
8. Seal and signatures of employees of a third-party organization, if one is involved.

Measuring instruments are owned only by specialized firms, and the risk of injury is checked by specialists of their own commission.

When assessing injuries, the capacities, machines, accessories for them and working tools, overalls, the timeliness of the briefing, as well as their compliance with regulatory and legal standards and the availability of safety certificates for automated mechanisms are checked.

When evaluating PPE, the correctness and complete provision of workers with them at each workplace is checked. Before conducting an assessment of the availability of PPE, the commission must study and draw up protocols for the above steps in order to determine what means are necessary to have in the enterprise and whether they are fully available.

The output of the job evaluation must be recorded. Based on the data obtained and comparing them with the standards, the class, the subclass of the complexity of being in the workplace, the hazard class, and the compliance of the place of work with safety standards are determined.

All research results are recorded in a special map, on the basis of which an action plan is developed to improve the climate in the workplace.

Attestation card

The map is a final document that confirms the actual situation at each certified site, the current benefits and compensation of employed people, the norms for issuing PPE, a number of measures to eliminate or minimize undesirable performance indicators.

With the help of the assessment document, places that have not been assessed, that is, do not meet safety standards, are identified, a list of poor indicators in production is determined, which are later used when applying for a position in order to bring the conditions of future work to the person.

Final

It involves the preparation of output documents:

1. Register of workplaces with the results of the inspection separately by structural units and in a complex, indicating the number of employees and the provision of their overalls.
2. Compliance protocols different requirements FROM.
3. Work plan to eliminate identified violations.

All documents must be signed by members of the commission and the chairman. The results of certification should be covered by the whole team, with publicity of the deadlines. The results of such an audit are stored for 45 years and are forms of strict accountability.

What kind of work should be certified

A mandatory assessment is carried out for compliance with safety standards when using manual mechanisms, automated devices and equipment that may be exposed to harmful and dangerous factors.

Such criteria do not apply to a special assessment of working conditions, it has no restrictions. That is, it is carried out regardless of the above indicators.

Until 2014, teleworkers or homeworkers were subject to appraisal. And what about office workers? Today, Law 426 provides for the assessment of the workplace of an office worker on a general basis.

Terms of certification

According to the rules of mandatory certification, a test for the belonging of working conditions to safety standards is carried out every 5 years. But there are times when an unscheduled inspection is coming, which can be carried out ahead of schedule.

1. An unscheduled revaluation may be associated with the commissioning of new production capacities, which leads to the attraction of a new work force, change in production technology and the emergence of new working factors.
2. Another moment for an unscheduled inspection may be the occurrence of an accident or occupational disease, which are obtained in the presence of harmful and dangerous factors.
3. At the request of the Labor Inspectorate.
4. At the request of workers and representatives of the trade union organization.

In general, the duration of certification is on average five years.

Innovations in 2019

Radical changes took place in 2014. According to the law, the name of the procedure has changed. Formerly certification of workplaces, the concept of a special assessment of working conditions is now used.

Since 2015, all employers have been required to report on a special assessment to the FSS authorities in order to assign a class of conditions, which is necessary for reporting to the PFR authorities.

Those organizations that passed certification before 2017 must re-certify until December 31, 2018.

According to a letter from the Department of Labor Russian Federation such an attestation should be considered invalid and at the present time it is necessary to pass special assessment working conditions for compliance with hygiene and safety standards.

However, not all companies were quick to meet the requirements federal law on time. Information about violators is currently summarized in electronic format and is under the analytical review of inspectors from the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation and State Inspectorate on labor, which will allow, in the future, to apply penalties to entrepreneurs without going to the “place”.

The penalties are now significant:

If an accident occurs at the workplace, and the special assessment was not carried out, then the employer becomes guilty and is subject to a fine of up to 400,000 rubles. A more deplorable outcome may come, this is imprisonment or the appointment of forced labor.

In any case, attestation of workplaces in terms of working conditions should be carried out.

Where are certification results used?

As already noted, the results of the special assessment since 2015 are reflected in the report of the social insurance fund in the form. FSS specialists decided to raise or make a percentage discount on the injury tax.

This column, which reflects the number of workplaces that have been tested for harmfulness and danger, has so far been named as certification of the organization's workplaces, but this is only a matter of time, perhaps it will be renamed into a special assessment.

For pension fund these results also play an important role. There is a table of classes and subclasses of conditions according to which insurance premiums for additional tariff. The tariff can vary from 0 to 8%.

Employees for whom accountants submit lists of names to the FIU indicating the benefits for each employee may retire early.

For example, boiler operators (stokers), electric and gas welders, and other professions according to the certification of workplaces.

According to the established categories, the employer is obliged to conduct regular medical examinations of his workers, improve the quality of their work by introducing new PPE, and provide them with benefits.

Organizations licensed to carry out certification of workplaces

In Russia, in each region there are organizations that specialize in conducting special assessments. They can conduct a full check, or they can only take measurements. Who conducts certification of workplaces in Russia?

For example, in Moscow and the Moscow region there are about 94 such firms.

Among them are the most popular:

• ATON ECO-safety and labor protection;
• SOKRON;
• Service for attestation of workplaces and labor protection;
• Technometer LLC.

And this is not the whole list. The most common company on the market for such services is LLC Glavpromexpertiza, which has the most optimal conditions. It has established itself not only in the Moscow region, but also in other regions of the country. The activity has been carried out for 15 years. The main advantage is the low price of certification of workplaces, the latest measuring equipment, qualified specialists in their field with higher education.

The company "Mercis" produces a whole range of services, according to labor assessment. Capable of performing microbiological tests. Low prices and the constant system of discounts for services attracts organizations more and more. Serves the city of St. Petersburg and surrounding regions.

AKCOT LLC, this company has established itself in the market of labor assessment services in the Altai Territory. A very demanded company, carries out a flexible approach to each organization, that is, it can adapt to any conditions for certification, will conduct an assessment in as soon as possible with minimal paperwork.

To choose the most suitable company, you need to study in detail the full information about the company, reviews, certifying documents.

A workspace is a space that legally belongs to you at work. If it is convenient, it will become your favorite "corner of inspiration", and if not - a hated prison. Turning an ordinary workplace into a favorite and comfortable workplace is not as difficult as it seems.

A comfortable desktop is half the battle in organizing a workplace. Such a table should be large enough so that there is enough space not only for your computer, but also for all the necessary things. And also computer tables must be with shelves for the keyboard and the system unit. Best of all, if the desktop is made to order, then you can equip it with at least a footrest, at least a drawer for cosmetics.

The right table always chooses the right place - the one where you feel calm and confident. The most uncomfortable thing you can think of is to sit with your back to the door. You will have to turn around for any noise. And even having unlearned the habit of turning your head, subconsciously you will still be on your guard - it’s not so easy to sit with your back to a possible source of danger. However, resourceful office residents in such cases install a small “rear-view” mirror above the monitor.

Ekaterina Meleshenko, Human Resources Specialist of the Novosibirsk branch of AlfaStrakhovanie OJSC: “Employees of our company have the opportunity to organize and improve their workplaces to their liking (arrangement of tables, individual choice of stationery). Each department is equipped with new office furniture, modern equipment and air conditioners. Many offices have indoor plants - this enlivens the atmosphere and decorates the office. Also, for the convenience of employees, there are soft sofas in the lobby, and a coffee machine.

The option is extremely unfortunate when the table of another is located behind the back of one employee. In general, any arrangement of tables affects the nerves, in which colleagues see flash cartoons or solitaire games on the screen of your monitor. Some bosses deliberately set up desks in the office in such a way as to control subordinates. The result of this will be a constant turnover of nervously weakened employees.

Ideally, there should be a wall behind the person, while it is desirable that the window be on the left or directly in front of you. But you can’t get enough walls for everyone, so partitions will save the situation. Their minus is the same as the plus - nothing is visible through them, and the enclosed space is psychologically tiring. If you are forced to work in such conditions, try to create the illusion of space - hang a picture with a landscape or a photograph of the sea in front of you.

Your electronic counterpart

We spend more time with the computer than with our other half, which is why it is so important to find mutual understanding with it. And this means, ideally, having a liquid crystal monitor, a laser mouse, and an ergonomic keyboard. All these convenient items allow less fatigue to the eyes and hands. Of course, it will take some time to get used to working on an ergonomic keyboard with keys divided into two halves. But your wrists will thank you. A mat with a special tubercle for the wrist also helps well against overwork of the hand. The LCD monitor is safe for the eyes, but there is still radiation from such a monitor. Basically it is directed upwards and backwards. And if your colleagues are sitting closer than one and a half meters from your computer, then it is they who have to absorb the radiation.

Only the authorities can ensure the full safety of the workplace. And not due to the fact that it will not pull you, but due to the purchase of certified equipment and the cost of grounding it. According to labor protection specialists, the lack of grounding is one of the most frequent violations in offices. And because of this violation, a strong electromagnetic field is created. In practice, it causes stress, fatigue, drowsiness and headache even faster than harmful colleagues and hard office work.

A computer is a special thing and likes to be placed on a table with conveniences. The monitor should be opposite your eyes or a little lower at a distance of about 50 - 60 cm. The keyboard must be on a special stand under the table top. If you don't have a computer desk, adjust the height of your chair so that your elbows are bent at a right angle when working on the keyboard, otherwise you risk getting joint diseases.

By the way, a special swivel chair is also a mandatory attribute of a comfortable workplace. It is very good if such a chair has a comfortable bend on the back to fit the shape of the spine, such a bend can be created using a soft roller. If you are sitting on an ordinary chair without wheels, you can make it more comfortable by placing a support under the back legs of the chair - sitting on an inclined surface is very useful. And let colleagues laugh at your rollers and coasters - laughter prolongs life.

And finally, a person needs air. Modern offices are equipped with air conditioners, but you have to pay for a comfortable temperature at any time of the year, first of all, with a lack of oxygen. Firstly, the air conditioner does not draw air from the street, as many people think, but drives it indoors. Secondly, the air conditioner dries the air and destroys the so-called air ions in it, and all this makes the cool stream lifeless. They say that laboratory mice die from such air in a few days. Office workers, of course, more enduring, but still open the window more often!

Under the supervision of the state

The comfort of our chairs and the degree of friendliness of our monitors are evaluated by Labour Inspectorate and sanitary supervision. To understand whether such control is strictly exercised, it is enough to recall how many times you have seen offices with employees sitting on top of each other and the absence of even a hint of comfort. However, the situation is gradually changing, because today organizations that have passed certification at the Occupational Safety and Health Center receive tax benefits. And only such organizations have the opportunity to enter the international market with their goods and services.

Workplaces can be certified by contacting the labor protection center. Here they will measure the illumination at the workplace, determine the level of noise, vibration, pulsation frequency of lighting, electromagnetic field parameters, and evaluate the location of computer tables. Based on all these features, a class of working conditions is determined and certification is carried out. If the parameters do not meet the standards, then employees will have to suffer for another 5 years, while the period allotted for improving working conditions lasts. Specialists from the labor protection center say that if sanitary standards were observed everywhere, then occupational diseases would be an order of magnitude smaller.

Rest in the workplace

In a good workplace, the employee does not sit overtime. And all because a good workplace helps to do everything quickly and on time. It is equipped with everything you need - from a phone to ICQ on a computer. Contrary to the opinion of some employers, ICQ is needed not for dating Arab machos, but for prompt and silent communication with colleagues. You can’t spare money for convenient little things like tear-off pads, stickers, folders, portfolios, CD stands. It is important to consider the location of cabinets, shelving, copier in the office. If every time you drop a lemon tree or a chair with an outraged colleague on your way to the closet, it's time to move the furniture!

Pavel Tibenkov, head of the PR-department of SVsoft Novosibirsk LLC: “In order for people to work well, it is necessary to provide them with the necessary amenities. For example, we have a need to hold short meetings during the working day. For this, a projector is used, a board on which you can draw, and then print records from it. Individual workplaces are separated by partitions with tinted walls. Conveniently equipped premises allow efficient use of working time.

It is also important to provide recreation areas in the office or outside it. If you place a table, sofas, armchairs, a kettle, dishes, a refrigerator in a separate room, then the “snacks” of colleagues will be much less distracting than their chewing right at the next table.

A pleasant atmosphere in the office is easy to create with the help of elegant interior details - photographs, paintings, posters, an aquarium. It is very important to grow plants in the office, and not thorns and cacti are more favorable for humans, but plants with fleshy leaves and all kinds of loaches. It is worth taking care of comfort in the workplace and everyone on their own - put their favorite photo on the desktop, put a funny weirdo on the monitor or hang a slogan on your partition in the spirit: "Work is not a wolf." Put your soul into your workplace, and it will reciprocate!

In short, the workplace is an open or closed area of ​​territory or space, equipped with the necessary production means, within which the employee is engaged labor activity. It can also be assigned to a group of employees. Usually, a certain part of the general production cycle is carried out at the workplace.

It is logical that in order to achieve high labor productivity, it is necessary for him to provide such conditions under which his performance will be the highest.

Important! The employer should adapt the workplace, taking into account not only the specific type of activity, qualifications, but also the individual physical and psychological characteristics of each employee.

General requirements for the organization of the workplace

These requirements are regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations (SanPiN) and other legal documents.

The main goal of the organization of the workplace is to ensure high-quality and efficient performance of work in compliance with deadlines and with the full use of the equipment assigned to the employee.

To achieve it, organizational, technical, ergonomic, sanitary, hygienic and economic requirements are imposed on the workplace.

What requirements must an employee's workplace meet?

Occupational safety is a priority!

The most important requirement in the organization of the workplace is to provide safe comfortable working conditions, to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases and accidents. This whole complex of measures is called labor protection at work.

In other words, labor protection, in fact, is a system of legislative acts in conjunction with socio-economic, organizational, technical, hygienic and therapeutic measures and means that ensure safe working conditions and preserve the health of employees of the enterprise.

To do this, it is necessary to create favorable working conditions in accordance with sanitary standards, safety, ergonomics, and aesthetics.

Indoor microclimate

The legislation of our country strictly regulates the temperature and humidity of the air in the room. In particular, when the average daily outdoor temperature is below 10°C, the amplitude of its fluctuations in the room should be 22-24°C. When the ambient temperature is higher than the specified value - 23-25 ​​° C. In case of temporary non-compliance with these conditions in one direction or another, the working day is reduced (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 dated June 21, 2016 No. 81).

Protection from the harmful effects of computer technology

Since today it is impossible to imagine office work without a PC, there are standards for employees who use computer equipment. For example, when working with a computer with a flat screen monitor, the workplace must have an area of ​​​​at least 4.5 square meters. m, when using a kinescopic monitor - 6 sq.m. After each hour of work, the room must be ventilated (SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 of May 30, 2003). Same normative act the height, width and depth for the legs under the desktop are regulated, the obligatory presence of a footrest with a corrugated surface is stipulated.

The level of electrostatic and electromagnetic fields, radiation and ultraviolet radiation, radio frequency bands and other factors harmful to the health of employees are also regulated by law.

Attention! In the basement, the use of copiers, printers and other office equipment is prohibited, and for ordinary offices, appropriate standards have been established for the distance between technical means(SanPin 2.2.2. 1332-03).

Lighting Requirements

Also, the relevant articles of SanPin establish standards for lighting. For example, the illumination in the room should be in the range from 300 to 500 lux. When artificial lighting is used, the lighting parameters must ensure good visibility of the information provided by the screen. personal computer. For local lighting, luminaires installed on desktops or specially equipped panels for vertical installation are recommended (SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.).

Noise requirements

For the noise level, a maximum threshold of 80 decibels is set (SanPin 2.2.4. 3359-16).
Regulatory documents provide for the installation of special foundations or shock-absorbing pads for the main noise-producing equipment and other equipment, as well as the use of noise-absorbing materials.

Providing conditions for eating

The procedure for eating at the workplace is regulated by Article 108 Labor Code RF, SNiP 2.09.04-87:

• with the number of employees less than 10 people, a place with an area of ​​​​at least 6 square meters is required. m, equipped with a dining table;
• with the number of employees up to 29 people, the required area is twice as much;
• if the company employs up to 200 employees, it is mandatory to have a canteen-handout;
• if the number of employees exceeds 200, the canteen should be provided with raw materials or semi-finished products.

Unregulated situations

In the event of situations that are not regulated by sanitary and hygienic standards (the roof is leaking, the toilet is out of order, etc.), the employee has the right to refuse to work. At the same time, the employer is obliged to offer him another employment until the problem is completely eliminated. If such a decision is impossible, according to Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to declare downtime with the payment of a penalty in the amount of at least 2/3 of the average wages worker.

Of the ergonomic requirements for the workplace, the following should be additionally noted:

1. Choosing a Rational Location working surface and zones, taking into account the anthropometric data of a particular employee.
2. Provision of measures to prevent or reduce premature fatigue of an employee, the occurrence of a stressful situation in him, taking into account the physiological, psychophysiological characteristics of a person and his character. By the way, according to psychologists, workers who constantly use electronic computers in their work are much more stressed than their less “advanced” colleagues.
3. Ensuring speed, safety and ease of maintenance in both normal and emergency operating conditions.

Technical parameters include equipment with innovative technology, fixtures, laboratory equipment, cargo handling mechanisms, etc.

Employer's responsibility

According to the requirement of Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the relevant federal executive body establishes the procedure for certification of workplaces in order to determine the factors affecting the safety of working conditions at work. For every violation established legislation the employer is responsible.

At the first violation officials and individual entrepreneurs are warned or subject to a fine of 2,000 to 5,000 rubles. The same for organizations - a warning or a fine in the amount of 50-80 thousand rubles (Article 5.27.1. Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, part 1).

In case of repeated violation of part 5 of this article, more severe penalties are already provided:

• officials are subject to a fine of 30-40 thousand rubles or disqualification from one to three years;
• fine for individual entrepreneurs similar, or their activities may be administratively suspended for up to 90 days;
• organizations may be fined 100-200 thousand rubles or also subject to an administrative suspension of their activities.

Instead of a conclusion

According to the state of workplaces at a particular enterprise or office, one can judge not only the level of labor organization and production culture in them, but also their solidity and the degree of trust in them by potential and existing customers.

Technological process- this is a part of the production process, containing purposeful actions to change and (or) determine the state of the object of labor.

The technological process can be attributed to the product, its component parts or to the methods of processing, formation and assembly.

The objects of labor include blanks and products. The technological process is divided into a part of technological operations.

Technological operation- this is a complete part of the technological process, performed at one workplace. The operation is associated with the performance of a legitimate amount of work and is the main element of production planning and accounting.

The technological operation is divided into settings, positions and transitions. The main part of the operation is the transition, which is a set of processes for processing one or a set of parts, with the same tool or its set, with the same mode.

The workplace is the area, equipped with the necessary technical means, in which the labor activity of the performer or a group of performers jointly performing one work or operation is carried out.

At the workplace, the main goal of labor is achieved - high-quality, economical and timely production of products or the performance of a specified amount of work.

To achieve this goal, technical, organizational, economic and ergonomic requirements are imposed on the workplace.

On the technical side, the workplace must be equipped with advanced equipment, the necessary technological and organizational equipment, tools, instrumentation, provided by the technology, lifting and transport vehicles.

On the organizational side, the equipment available at the workplace should be rationally located within the working area; a variant of the optimal maintenance of the workplace with raw materials, materials, blanks, parts, tools, repair of equipment and tooling, waste disposal was found; safe and health-friendly working conditions are provided.

On the economic side, the organization of the workplace should ensure optimal employment of workers, the highest possible level of labor productivity and quality of work.

Ergonomic requirements take place in the design of equipment, technological and organizational equipment, the layout of the workplace.

The work process of an employee, regardless of what functions he performs, is characterized by inherent laws that determine:

Placement of the employee in the working area;

The position of the working area;

The sequence, quantity and spatial extent of the labor movements that make up the labor process;

The sequence of entry of a person into work;

The appearance, build-up and reduction of fatigue.

Workplace - spatial zone of labor activity:

Equipped with the necessary basic and auxiliary means; - determined on the basis of labor and other standards;

Assigned to one or a group of workers to perform certain production or management work.

Jobs vary:

By the number of performers: individual and collective workplaces;

By type of production: main and auxiliary;

By type of production: mass, serial and single;

By degree of specialization: universal, specialized and special;

By the level of mechanization: mechanized, automated, for manual work;

By the number of equipment: single-station, multi-station.

work post- this is a section of the production area, equipped with technological equipment for placing a car and designed to perform one or more homogeneous work.

The post includes one or more jobs.

Workplace- this is the area of ​​labor activity of the performer, equipped with technological equipment, devices and tools for performing a specific job.

Workplaces in a diagnostic station are a system of inextricably linked links. This connection is determined by the unity of the production process, the proportional ratio of shift tasks at all workplaces, the communication of industrial outlets that supply compressed air, electricity, coolant, lubricants, etc.