Mechanical engineering is one of the most important industries in any state. The degree of its development determines how high the level of the economy in a particular country. Engineering technology studies the manufacture of machines and their parts, safety precautions when working with equipment, as well as the ability to reduce the cost of parts and mechanisms without compromising the quality of manufactured products.

Qualification

The specialty "Technology of mechanical engineering" makes it possible to obtain the qualification of an engineer, which allows you to work in many directions. For example, a mechanical engineering technologist performs quality control of products and performs necessary calculations. The machine operator grinds parts on special machines manually. The operator works on CNC machines, enters the control program and sets the mode of its operation. The commissioning and testing engineer is responsible for the health of the equipment, leads calendar chart inspections and repairs, helps machine operators set up mills and calculates recommended settings for working on them. He is also responsible for technical documentation equipment in his area.

Another rather interesting direction that the specialty "Mechanical Engineering" is studying is the development of new parts and equipment. As a rule, this is done by a design engineer. In many mass-produced industries, there are design bureaus that develop new parts and cutting conditions.

For example, a metallurgical plant receives an order for a huge batch of twist drills. The equipment allows to produce only 10 thousand drills per shift and it is necessary to speed up this process. The design engineer must:

1. Make a drawing of the finished product.
2. Calculate the cutting mode of one unit of the twist drill.
3. Find a way to speed up the production of this part with minimal financial costs.

How long and where do they study as an engineer?

You can enter the specialty "Technology of Mechanical Engineering" on the basis of 9 or 11 classes. The term of study, respectively, is 4 and 3 years, and upon completion, the student receives a secondary technical education. For this specialty, there are both budgetary forms of education and commercial ones. If you wish, you can go to study further in your specialty for a bachelor's and master's degree.

Specialty (15.02.08) "Technology of mechanical engineering" can be obtained in metallurgical technical schools and colleges. Depending on the educational institution, the methods of accepting documents also differ. In some colleges, entrance exams are required.

In this specialty, there are also correspondence and evening forms of education, however, as a rule, these are commercial groups. The term of study for them is the same as for the full-time form. Many boys and girls dream of getting a degree in Mechanical Engineering. The college educates and prepares such specialists in accordance with the requirements of the main professional educational program.

Educational process

The educational process on the basis of 9 classes includes 4 courses of study. Those who entered after the 11th grade, as a rule, go straight to the second year.

I course includes general education subjects and only basic basic knowledge by specialty. After completing it, the student receives a certificate of basic general secondary education.

The second year consists of several general education subjects (such as higher mathematics, physics) and most specialty subjects: metal science, management, cutting theory, technical mechanics, etc.

III and IV course consists only of special. items. Students study electrical engineering, specialized equipment, the basics of ecology, technical processes for the manufacture of machines and parts, the basics of economics, etc.

At the end of the educational process and practice, students write thesis and receive a diploma.

Practice in the specialty "Technology of mechanical engineering"

As a rule, during the entire educational process, you need to go through 3 different practices related to the profession "Mechanical Engineering Technology". The specialty of SPO (secondary vocational education) requires not only knowledge, but also basic skills in working with parts and mechanisms.)

The first practice is metalwork, and students are allowed to it after the end of the second year. In addition, a safety test is required for admission. Locksmith workshops, as a rule, are located on the territory of the educational institution. At this stage, students first get acquainted with the technical equipment and try to work on it. During the practice, students need to do several tasks, such as sharpening the cutter, cutting internal and external threads, and marking on parts. Most often, students perform work on locksmith workbenches and machine tools.

The second practice for students in the third year is mechanical. If there is no mechanical section on the territory of the educational institution, then students do internships at factories and enterprises. Standard of the specialty "Technology of mechanical engineering" on this stage requires the study of machine tools, such as turning, milling, drilling, grinding, etc. The student is assigned to one of the machines and, together with a mentor, works on it. It is permissible to practice on CNC machines. In this case, the student gets acquainted with control programs and the way they are entered.

Undergraduate practice

In the fourth year students will have pre-diploma practice. It lasts about two months. As a rule, students are distributed on mechanical platforms depending on the topic of the diploma. For example, if a student at the Faculty of Engineering Technology (specialty - "technician") was given the topic "Calculation and design of a worm spline cutter", then he is sent to the fur. area where cutters are made. At the end of the practice, students take an exam for a category and receive a state-recognized certificate of assignment of a category.

Electronic engineering

AT recent times our country is actively developing the industry for the production of new equipment and technology. The development in such an area as electronic technologies in mechanical engineering does not stand still. The specialty of a modern engineer includes mandatory knowledge in this field of science. Electronic technologies study electrovacuum devices and mechanisms. They work on the principle of an incandescent lamp: there is no air in the working space of such a device, which allows amplifying and converting electromagnetic energy.

What knowledge do students get in the learning process?

The specialty "Technology of Mechanical Engineering" makes it possible to work in many directions. This is due to the fact that during the training the technician receives a huge baggage necessary knowledge. During the educational process, students learn how to process parts, learn to calculate the time for manufacturing, choose the necessary cutting mode, study equipment in mechanical areas and the principle of its operation. In addition, young professionals are trained to work in many computer programs, such as Compass and AutoCAD. These are universal applications for creating and designing any fixtures and parts in a 3D modeling system.

Job prospects

It is difficult to remember a time when good engineers were not in demand. Any industrial enterprise always requires qualified technologists, those who know the specialty"Technology of mechanical engineering". Who can work with such a profession, everyone who has ever encountered industrial enterprises knows. The work of a young engineer, as a rule, begins with the manufacture of parts on machine tools and workbenches. Over time, you can advance in the service - to become a foreman of the site where the part is manufactured, or to transfer to everything from a dusty workshop to a clean office. Office technologists are designers and implementation engineers new technology and equipment.

Service technical equipment more important than ever these days. This article will talk about technological specialty and professionals working in this area.

About the profession

Quite relevant and in demand today is the area referred to as " technological machines and equipment "(specialty). Who do people with the appropriate education have to work with? In fact, there are many options. Competent professionals who are able to qualitatively service various technical devices are needed in almost every production.

The main task of specialists in this direction is the creation of powerful technological products that can compete with the material produced by other enterprises. You can also highlight the work on innovative computer modeling and ensuring optimal technical processes.

Required education for work

To work in the field "15. 03. 02. Technological machines and equipment", you must obtain higher education. You can do this in almost any technical university in the country.

Such specialties as "market of machines and innovations", "light machine industry", "equipment of the forestry complex" will allow you to get a job in the considered professional field.

To enter a university for the above specialties, it is necessary to pass the Unified State Examination in the disciplines "mathematics", "Russian language" and "physics". Some educational institutions, however, will not allow higher technical education without credits in computer science, chemistry or a foreign language. The term of study is, as a rule, 4 years of undergraduate studies.

Knowledge required for work

Higher technical education in universities should ensure the complete assimilation by the student of all the necessary disciplines.

What exactly can be highlighted here? A specialist working in the field of technological and machine equipment must know:

• mathematics;
• equipment in metallurgical production;
• computer graphics;
• physics;
• fundamentals of ecology;
• basics of design;
• mechanical engineering methods;
• fundamentals of strength of materials;
• basics of information technologies;
• electrical engineering;
• automation and some other subjects.

It should be noted that knowledge of the above disciplines alone will not be enough to implement labor activity. The very specialty "technological machines and equipment" involves constant improvement and addition of existing knowledge. The fact is that production is constantly being modernized and modified. It is hardly possible to work for several decades, while having a clearly outdated knowledge base. That is why it is so important to constantly improve your skills and think about your work skills.

Required Skills

A person who has chosen the specialty "technological machines and equipment" will not be able to work normally, having only knowledge. No matter how much theoretical knowledge a specialist has, certain working skills, abilities, and even character traits are no less important.

Fortunately, technical universities help students to master the profession in many ways, and therefore develop a special practice, during which students could acquire all the skills necessary for work. It should be noted that the specialist must be able to:

• maintain the devices and equipment elements assigned to it;
• properly operate machines;
• ensure control over efficient production products;
• deal with documentation;
• installation and commissioning of products and much more.

About professional responsibilities

Despite the fact that the specialty "technological machines and equipment" includes many different subspecies and categories, it is still possible to single out the most common and uniform duties of specialists working in this area. Special job descriptions prescribe that the employee must:

• engage in maintenance of various kinds of devices and equipment (electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.);
• to carry out special preparatory measures for the high-quality production of the necessary products;
• monitor compliance by workers with qualifications below safety and efficient production;
• control the level environmental safety;
• to check the functioning of machines;
• develop work plans;
• deal with the necessary documentation, etc.

Thus, experts in the field technological production have quite large quantity duties and functions.

Professions

The specialty in question is incredibly extensive. Work with technological equipment is needed in most industries. What types of work should be carried out by a specialist? Where can he work? This will be discussed further.

The man made his choice of profession and received a diploma from the university. Where can he work now? The specialty in question is the following types activities:

• in the design and calculation sphere (in engineering companies, construction organizations);
• in technological and production environment(factories, manufacturing enterprises);
• in the field of experiments and research (universities, educational institutions, laboratories);
• in an organizational or management environment;
• in the service environment;
• in the field of installation and commissioning.

Subjects of professional activity

The specialist in question works with certain subjects of activity, which are enshrined in a special job description.

These include:

• technological equipment and machines;
• power devices, running machines, drive systems;
• special systems required for traffic control;
• life support systems;
• materials of construction or operational equipment;
• necessary for the disposal or manufacture of equipment;
• devices for designing machines and much more.

Thus, an employee with a specialty "technological machines and equipment" deals with a fairly large number of items and devices.

About professional rights and responsibilities

Like any other employee, a process equipment specialist has a certain number of professional rights.

What exactly can be highlighted here? Here are some of the points that are written in the job description of a specialist:

• the right to receive social guarantees;
• the right to timely payment of salaries;
• the ability to request from the management all the documents and tools necessary for the implementation of labor activities;
• the right to professional development or its confirmation;
• the ability to submit to the authorities various ideas, plans or proposals for improving the activities of the organization.

All this reinforces job description profession "technological machines and equipment". Work, however, is impossible without a certain share of responsibility. So, the job description fixes that the specialist must be responsible for:

• for improper performance of work functions or their complete failure to perform;
• for being at the workplace in a state of intoxication;
• for committing offenses, crimes or other unlawful acts in the workplace;
• for violation of safety regulations, etc.

Pros and cons of the profession

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the industry in question? In fact, each employee will be able to find something of his own in the presented profession. However, the most general points can still be distinguished. So, the advantages of the specialty include:

• decent salary;
• education can be obtained practically in most cities - there is a faculty of "technological machines and equipment" in almost any technical university;
• the possibility of early career growth;
• relevance and prestige of the considered labor sphere.

Of course, the profession in question has other advantages. And what about the disadvantages?

Here it is worth highlighting perhaps work in a production environment, which is somewhat harmful to health. For some, a considerable number of responsibilities will seem like a big minus in the profession.

Nevertheless, the profession in question is very prestigious and in demand. Many young people prefer this specialty.

The most common entrance exams are:

• Russian language
• Mathematics (profile) - profile subject, at the choice of the university
• Foreign language- at the choice of the university
• Informatics and information and communication technologies (ICT) - at the choice of the university
• Physics - at the choice of the university
• Chemistry - at the choice of the university

Technological machines are special devices used in the manufacture of products and the reconstruction of materials. It is this technique that is used in the field of metallurgical, woodworking, Food Industry and in other areas. For this reason, technological equipment is the basis of any production process and performs main function in the production of a variety of products. Specialists with a high level of training in the operation of such equipment are in demand in almost all industrial sectors. And that is why many modern graduates choose the direction 15.03.02 "Technological machines and equipment." The specialty opens up great opportunities and is able to provide financial stability in the future.

Admission conditions

The list of subjects for admission depends on which universities you will apply to. Different educational institutions require the delivery of their disciplines for enrollment in a specialty, but all of them are united by one condition: the graduate must present high scores in mathematics profile level. Other subjects that you may have to take for the USE include:

• Russian language,
• physics,
• foreign language,
• chemistry,
• informatics and ICT.

Future profession

This direction is aimed at educating specialists who are able to apply their skills in the development and creation of competitive engineering products that function on the basis of modern methods, innovative computer modeling and accurate calculations. Future professionals are called upon to provide technological processes in production, design Newest technologies and work effectively with modern machines and equipment.

Where to apply

Today the country has enough a large number of educational institutions producing high-class specialists. Nevertheless, the most qualified personnel are trained by Moscow universities. Among them:

• Moscow State Technical University. N. E. Bauman;
• Moscow Technological University;
• Russian Economic University. G. V. Plekhanov;
• National Research Technological University "MISiS";
• Russian State University oil and gas them. I. M. Gubkin.

Among non-capital universities, the following deserve special attention:

• Tyumen State Oil and Gas University;
• Ural Federal University the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin.

Training period

Full-time education for a bachelor's degree in the specialty takes 4 years, part-time - 5 years.

Disciplines included in the course of study

The main subjects for this specialty are:

• mathematics,
• metallurgical machines and equipment,
• life safety,
• computer graphics,
• physics,
• Materials Science,
• design basics,
• theoretical mechanics,
• fundamentals of engineering technology,
• management and marketing,
• engineering graphics,
• theory of mechanisms and machines,
• hydraulic drive of metallurgical machines,
• strength of materials,
• ecology,
• installation of metallurgical machines,
• information Technology,
• electrical and Electronics.

Acquired Skills

In the course of training, students master the following skills and abilities:

1. Maintenance of instruments and equipment.
2. Organization of machines and their operation.
3. Ensuring control over compliance with the required rules in the production of products.
4. Registration technical documents and reporting on the quality of manufactured equipment.
5. Maintaining environmental safety in production.
6. Implementation of calculations and development of machine parts and structures in compliance with all technological standards.
7. Organization of experiments and analysis of the results.
8. Skills of installation and adjustment of innovative products.
9. Carrying out cost analysis required to establish quality production.
10. Development and scheduling of work for departments.
11. Planning the activities of personnel and remuneration of their work.

Employment prospects by profession

Who can work after graduation? Upon graduation, graduates can occupy a variety of positions, including:

• engineer,
• technologist,
• mechanic,
• operator operator,
• design engineer.

And that's pretty promising professions: the demand for them is growing every year. Today in Russia there is an increase in severe and light industry whose effective operation is impossible without well-trained personnel. On average, the salary of a novice specialist is 25,000 rubles. More qualified experts receive at least 40,000 rubles.

Benefits of a Master's Degree

Many graduates do not have enough of a bachelor's degree and they decide to continue improving their knowledge in the master's program. And this allows them not only to devote their lives to scientific research and new discoveries, but also makes it possible to carry out teaching activities in universities.

In addition, a master's degree helps the graduate to quickly find a worthy position in large and well-established enterprises. A position in such organizations guarantees high pay labor.

Mechanical engineering technology is the direction on which the economic stability of many developed and developing countries is based, incl. and Russia. Professionals in this field make parts for machines, design and build equipment, study ways to reduce production costs while maintaining quality. So who and in what sectors can people who choose mechanical engineering as their life's work work?

History reference

Scientific knowledge, which is the basis of this profession, began to be collected by mankind from ancient times - for example, the term "technology" itself first appeared in Ancient Greece ("techne"), where it denoted art, skill, ability. Despite the fact that the initial technical achievements quickly and firmly entered the life of the population (for example, in the form of crafts), already in the Middle Ages there was a sharp slowdown here, because the Holy Inquisition opposed new developments.

Society had to wait until the 15th-16th centuries, when the Renaissance came to Europe, and then to other territories, with its rapid development of technology and the appearance of original tools. Positive shifts have taken shape in the military and especially in artillery, hydraulic engineering, architecture and construction. The very attitude towards technical experience, the creation of equipment, the construction of apparatuses was revised - all this began to be seen as a blessing, bringing tangible benefits in "everyday affairs".

Simple handicraft labor was no longer enough for people. There was a need to build large and, as a rule, centralized production facilities with a division of duties. So in the Italian cities the first manufactories were built, the projects of which then migrated to the British, Dutch, and French. The emergence of these collective workshops made possible the further development of mechanical engineering.

Profession in modern times

In fact, process engineers of various profiles are trained in the specialty "engineering technology". The choice of who you can work with is simply huge: designers in the aviation, railway, shipbuilding and other types of industry, operators of machine tools and equipment with a numerical program management(CNC), mechanics at the enterprises of machine-building, metallurgical, rocket and space, defense complexes, etc.

In general, the sphere itself is divided into 3 large blocks - this is mechanical engineering:

1. Labor-intensive, where instruments, equipment, machine tools, agricultural machines and apparatus, cars, airplanes, fighters, etc. are created. Distinctive feature labor-intensive industries are dependent on the availability of qualified and competent employees, therefore, such complexes are usually located in large cities with a high concentration of the population (in the Russian Federation, these are Moscow, Kazan, Samara).
2. Metal-intensive, in need of large reserves of metals and serving the production of heavy industry (metallurgical, energy, mining, etc.). Here, specialists prepare tools for metallurgists, miners, blacksmiths, oil workers, and also develop complex automatic structures. large sizes: elevators, lifting towers, cranes, conveyors, heavy excavators.
3. Science-intensive, requiring reliance on the achievements of advanced science. Science-intensive engineers are literally at the forefront, because their tasks include the production of innovative electrical, nuclear and space products. Majority Russian factories, based on the production of ultra-modern machines, are located near Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, etc. Moscow region "science cities" - Zhukovsky, Zelenograd, Dubna, Korolev, Obninsk.

Where to apply

To understand what the profession of “mechanical engineering technology” is, a young person can enroll in this or a related technical specialty both in secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. The average term of study is 3 years 10 months for secondary vocational education (according to the state educational standard number 15.02.08) and 4 years for HPE (according to the standard number 15.07.00).

Institutes and universities are considered the most promising options, not technical schools and colleges. Although the latter will allow the graduate to realize his own ambitions in work faster, experts still advise getting a bachelor's degree in one of the prestigious universities.

Among them are:

1. MIPT - Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.
2. Moscow State University - Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov.
3. RGU - Russian State University of Oil and Gas. THEM. Gubkin.
4. MEPhI - National Nuclear University.
5. HSE - National University « graduate School economy".

The educational process in the specialty "Mechanical Engineering Technology" is built in the same way as in all other technical areas:

1. In the 1st year, students study general subjects and receive basic knowledge about the profession.
2. In the 2nd year there is a deepening in specialized scientific fields. So, in addition to general physics, higher mathematics, computer science, technical mechanics, cutting theory, management, metal science or other subjects provided for by the program are added. In the process of learning and passing practices, the guys develop an understanding of who they want and will work in the future. If interns perform well, enterprises may take them on for further internships or part-time employment.
3. In the 3rd and 4th years, young people study only highly specialized subjects. It can be electrical engineering, the basics of technical processes in the manufacture of machines and parts, the theory and practice of economic analysis.

Responsibilities and Requirements

It becomes clear that such a profession as mechanical engineering technology is not suitable for everyone. A person must have a technical and analytical mindset, a high level of attention and concentration, a good memory, and spatial imagination. Discipline, perseverance, and accuracy will help to successfully complete complex processes. Due to the fact that process engineers often have to deal with large amounts of work, they need to be able to properly organize their own time in order to get the most out of it.

The responsibilities of a process engineer include:

1. Development and implementation of new technological processes in the manufacture of machine parts.
2. Interaction with design, reporting and other types of documentation (their use, analysis, addition of production schedules, design, etc.).
3. Designing Creation Paths constituent parts and blocks.
4. Use of specialized software to simplify their activities (for example, computer utilities "Compass" and "AutoCAD", which allow you to model any device in 3D).
5. Calculation production capacity in order to obtain data on material costs and economic profitability of the project.
6. Organization and conduct of patent research.
7. Identification of marriage, establishing the causes of its occurrence and taking measures to eliminate defects in products.
8. Control over compliance with standards and norms when using equipment by employees.
9. Timely identification of systems and complexes in need of repair, and notification of this to their immediate superior.
10. Ensuring the overall technological safety of the enterprise.

Prospects: employment, salary, career growth

The profession of a mechanical engineering technologist is stable and well paid, because almost every workshop or production needs a universally qualified specialist of a similar profile. The average salary is 30,000-35,000 rubles, and the employee has every chance to increase this figure by raising his own rank. In the future, a sufficient level of qualification will provide him with a position as a shop manager or production manager.

AT educational institutions young people receive such a wealth of knowledge that they can subsequently afford to get any of the following positions:

• sharpener;
• tooth cutter;
• grinder;
• adjuster of automatic lines and machine tools;
• locksmith;
• turner;
• milling machine;
• machine operator of a wide profile;
• nuclear technician;
• housing and communal services technician, etc.

Vacancies for mechanical engineering technologists do not dry out, but only appear again and again, and they are offered by both domestic and foreign employers.

The acute shortage of representatives of this applied profession in the industrial sectors of the economy provides such engineers with confidence in the future, because they will definitely not be left without work.