Introduction

1. Ethics of greetings and introductions

2.Handshake

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that business relations are a complex multifaceted process of developing contacts between people in the service sector. Its participants act in official statuses and are focused on achieving the goal, specific tasks. A specific feature of this process is regulation, i.e., submission to established restrictions, which are determined by national and cultural traditions, professional ethical principles. A prerequisite during business relations is the communication of people, I will consider the ethics of business relations on the example of communication, relationships, because with proper communication, the ability to arrange the interlocutor to yourself depends on final result.

AT secular etiquette it is customary to adhere to the rule that a person actually begins to be present for you only from the minute he was suggested to you. Before that, you do not have the right to talk to him, greet him, etc. In contrast to secular business etiquette, there are a number of other rules. For example, self-representation is allowed.

Presentation in business life is considered a significant component of politeness. With its help, it is possible to establish the necessary and necessary relationships. According to business etiquette, to assume someone means to name his last name, last name, position, organization in which he operates.

According to the strict rules of business etiquette, acquaintance must take place with the assistance of a third party who knows the two acquaintances. This person acts as a guarantor for the two sides, a guarantor of the decency of the people represented to each other. Although in today's business world, the role of a guarantor can be played by an organization in which employees work (or met at a business event).

1. Ethics of greetings and introductions

Ethics (etiquette) of greetings and introductions is a set of rules of initial interpersonal interaction concerning the external manifestation of attitude towards people.

One of the conditions successful career in the business world, it is the creation in the eyes of colleagues of the image of a self-confident person who knows how to behave in society. Therefore, it is necessary to assimilate the code of conduct adopted among well-bred people in all countries. This code consists of four basic rules: politeness, naturalness, dignity, tact. Politeness involves, first of all, a greeting. Greeting is a custom that came to us from ancient times; any conversation begins with a greeting, and it is the words spoken during the greeting that set the tone for all further communication.

For greetings, it is best to use the traditional official "Hello!" or in warmer words " Good morning!" (until 12.00), "Good afternoon!" (until 18.00), "Good evening!" (after 18.00).

The primary rule of greeting is that naturalness is demonstrated without any pretense and with self-esteem, while disposition and goodwill are shown. In no way should the mood or negative attitude towards another person affect the nature of the greeting. In any case, there must be a tact.

In general, business etiquette is preserved general rules courtesy, however business environment makes its own amendments: gender and age, as criteria for who should greet whom first, recede into the background, and position and status come to the fore. For example, the secretary (woman) is the first to greet her leader (man), who are standing and talking near the doors of the higher educational institution students are the first to greet the rector or teacher passing by. However, even here there may be deviations from the rules: for example, a young CEO(man), if he is well brought up, will not wait for a greeting from his deputy (woman) and will greet her first, although she is below him in official rank.

Greetings can be impersonal, formal, or addressed to a specific person. Calling by name, and even better by name and patronymic, emphasizes respect for the person and speaks of the culture of the greeter.

People should be greeted warmly and friendly. The words of greeting are pronounced clearly, neither too fast nor too slow. At the same time, the speaker looks straight, it is considered indecent to look away, to examine the room or other people present. It is indecent to keep your hands in your pockets or a cigarette in your mouth while greeting. The greeting is often accompanied by a bow, a nod of the head, a handshake, a kiss on the hand of a woman. A man during a greeting needs to take off his hat or at least touch it with his hand. He takes a winter hat, the cap should not be removed.

Who should greet whom first?

The man greets the woman first. This rule has developed in continental Europe. In the Anglo-Saxon countries, the woman greets first, as if allowing the man to greet her with a smile.

The younger one should be the first to greet the older one.

The younger woman should be the first to greet the older one and the man who is much older than her.

The one who passes by greets the one who is standing first.

Of the two pedestrians, the first to greet the one who overtakes the one who walks more slowly.

If you meet a man and a woman, then first they greet the lady, and then they greet her companion.

The one sitting in the car is the first to greet the one walking down the street.

The latecomer greets the one who is waiting, even if the latecomer is a woman.

At official receptions, guests, first of all, welcome the hostess and the owner.

The incoming person greets those in the room.

If two women meet, one of which is in the company of a man, and the other alone or in the company of another woman, then, according to etiquette, the first one greets first.

A woman is the first to greet a man if she overtakes him.

If two married couples meet, then the women first greet each other, then the men greet the women, after that the men greet each other.

A long pause at a meeting looks very awkward. In such situations, you need to follow the well-known aphorism: the first to say hello is the one who is better brought up.

There are more complex etiquette situations:

1. If you notice a friend in the distance and if you notice you, you should greet a friend with a nod of the head, a wave of the hand, a smile, a bow. You shouldn't shout at the top of your voice.

2. If you see a friend approaching you, you don't need to shout "hello!" from afar. It is necessary to wait until the distance is reduced to a few steps.

3. If you are walking with someone and your companion says hello to a stranger, you should also say hello.

4. If in a group of colleagues who met a man knows only one of them, then first of all he should say hello to a friend, regardless of whether there are women or elderly people in his environment.

5. If you enter a room where there are many people. You should not greet everyone individually, you should say a general “hello!”

6. If a woman entered the room, men should, greeting, get up.

7. A man takes off his hat first and puts it on last.

8. A seated woman does not get up when greeting a man, but when greeting a woman, she gets up. Also, a woman welcomes an incoming man by standing up if he is higher in position or much older in age.

2.Handshake

Greetings are usually not complete without a handshake. A handshake is a traditional greeting gesture. The meaning of the ancient custom to give the right hand for greeting is to show that there is no weapon in it. It should be remembered that the handshake accepted in Russia and in the West when a man and a woman meet in Muslim countries is completely inappropriate. It is also not customary to shake hands among the peoples of Southwest Asia. Western European and American business partners hate sluggish handshakes.

There are certain rules of etiquette when shaking hands:

The elders are the first to give a hand to the younger ones, and not vice versa.

Among peers, women are the first to shake hands with men. If the woman did not shake hands, you can do without a handshake.

Women do not reach out to people much older than themselves or higher in rank.

Before shaking hands, a man must take off his glove. A woman does not have to do this, only as a sign of special respect.

It is not customary to shake hands in places such as the toilet room, public transport.

You need to give a hand at the last moment when you come up to say hello, and not go with an outstretched hand towards a person.

The handshake is very informative. Exist different kinds handshakes, each of which carries a certain meaning.

Table 1. Types of handshakes

Every time you reach out for a handshake or shake a hand that is extended to you, you should remember that although the handshake has become a familiar and standard ritual, it also conveys the attitude of people towards each other.

WELCOME RULES

International greeting etiquette is usually the same: in different form different ways wish each other a good day, morning or evening, health, labor success, kindness and prosperity.

Choose the greeting formula that best suits the situation.

In greeting, try to express your goodwill and sympathy. Speak words clearly, do not rush. Take the time to smile at the person or people you are addressing.

A man greets a woman first, a younger one greets an older one, a passing one greets a standing one. The first to greet is a woman walking in the company of men, with a woman walking alone or with another woman.

A greeting (like a farewell) is usually accompanied by gestures: a handshake, a raise of a hand, a nod of the head, a bow.

The handshake is a traditional, symbolic gesture. The meaning of the ancient custom to give the right hand for greeting is to show that there is no weapon in it. Nowadays, you can do without a handshake (especially if you often have to make contact). But if you like this form of greeting, remember: the handshake should not be too strong.
(especially with a woman) nor lifeless. Offer your hand in a free and confident gesture. The handshake should be short.

If, upon entering a room where there are several people, you want to shake hands with one person, it is etiquette to necessarily extend your hand to everyone else. When meeting on the street, a woman, greeting, may not take off her glove (everyone takes off her mitten), a man must do this.

When a man is introduced to a woman, she is the first to offer his hand to him. Older people also have priority in this.

To greet acquaintances, sitting at a table in a restaurant or cafe, you can only nod your head. The elders and women bow, bending slightly and rising from the chair. If you are in the company of a lady, then you do not need to get up.

Noisy greetings are considered a violation of etiquette. Do not draw the attention of everyone present to your appearance and greeting.

The greeting is a decent and perfectly acceptable way to start a conversation or make an acquaintance.

RULES OF ACQUAINTANCE AND REPRESENTATION

The younger ones are introduced or, if necessary, they themselves are introduced to the elders.

The same with an obvious difference in social positions: the younger one introduces himself to the older one. A woman, regardless of age and position, is never the first to appear to a man. There may be exceptions to the last rule: for example, if this woman is a student, and the man is an honorary professor. When you introduce someone or introduce you, try to look the interlocutor in the face. And smile. Acquaintance, begun with a friendly smile, will surely have a positive continuation for you.

The first to give a hand is the person to whom the other was introduced. The woman extends her hand to the man, the elder to the younger (do not forget, if you already know, then this is done the other way around). The face that has just been introduced is amiably and calmly waiting for the time when it will be possible to finally answer with a mutual shake of the hand. When a man is introduced, he must stand up. The lady gets up only if she meets a much older woman or a man who is very respectable in all respects.

In society (at a party, in the theater), the hostess introduces people to each other
(host) of the house or organizer of the event.

Difficulties in dating arise if one of the invitees arrives late. In no case do not greet first of all with your friends, old acquaintances, leaving everyone else unattended. The owner of the house will introduce you to everyone at once and seat you in an empty seat. A latecomer can then get to know his closest neighbors on the table. If you came with your wife, then, as a rule, your wife should introduce you, not you.
She is also the first to greet the hostess and the owner.

If there is a need to be introduced, and there is no one around who could help you with this, then you should simply shake your hand and clearly identify yourself.

We represent our wife, husband, daughter, son with the words: "my wife", "my son". Acquaintance with mother and father is an exception to this rule: acquaintances are introduced to parents, but not vice versa.

When introducing a person, you should clearly pronounce his first and last name.

Among peers, it is quite acceptable to name only the first name when meeting.

Do not say, introducing your companion or companion: "This is my friend."
This emphasis on personal relationships can offend others. Just say the name.

RULES OF HANDLING

An important role is played by the way of addressing the interlocutor. He can be:

Official (comrade, citizen, last name, first name, patronymic);

Intimate (dear Sergey, dear Olya);

Trusted (dear colleagues, friends);

Comic (children's nickname this person).
It all depends on the specific circumstances. And first of all, on what kind of relationship you are with this person. Calling "you" first of all testifies to your own culture. And of course, it emphasizes your respect for the person with whom you are talking. This polite pronoun is most often used when communicating with strangers and unfamiliar people and in a formal setting. If you are really well-mannered and correct, you will use this form of address regardless of who you are currently talking to: whether it is your immediate superior or subordinate, a person much older than you or younger, a man or a woman. The address "you" will in no way humiliate you, even if you use it in a conversation with a person unpleasant to you, with your rival or even enemy.

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One of the conditions for a successful career in the state and municipal service is the creation in the eyes of colleagues of the image of a self-confident person who knows how to behave in society, who does not cause bewilderment and a dismissive smile with his actions.

Therefore, it is necessary to assimilate the code of conduct adopted for well-bred people in all countries. This code includes four basic rules: politeness, naturalness, dignity, tact.

Politeness is primarily greetings. Greeting is a custom that came to us from ancient times; any conversation begins with a greeting, and it is the words spoken during the greeting that set the tone for all further communication. An important element of greeting is intonation. Greeting in a rude or dry tone can offend the person you are greeting. People should be greeted warmly and friendly. The words are pronounced clearly, not too fast, but not too slow.

When greeting, it is best to use the traditional official "Hello".

It should be remembered that "Good morning" is customary to say before 12.00 o'clock, "Good afternoon" - until 18.00 o'clock, "Good evening" - after 18.00 o'clock. (The last three greetings are not recommended to be addressed to superiors, although the latter may thus be addressed to subordinates.)

If the circumstances are such that greeting with a voice is impractical - there is too much distance or there are other employees standing or walking along the corridor between the greeting, it only makes sense to exchange bows.

A bow is not a nod of the head; when bowing, the head is fixed in a tilted state for one or two seconds.

The bow can be formal, polite, ingratiating, dismissive, cold, warm, respectful, graceful, deep.

Greetings are usually not complete without a handshake. The handshake is a traditional, symbolic gesture of greeting. In general, the handshake gesture is informative and says a lot. It is no coincidence that the famous representative of German classical philosophy, I. Kant, called the hand "the visible part of the brain."

The handshake ritual different countries quite significantly different from each other.

The British shake hands only at the first meeting and final farewell.

Americans greet each other vigorously with a handshake and a pat on the shoulder, but most Asians do not tolerate physical contact when they meet.

The Japanese greet each other with a low bow, but shaking hands is not approved, especially in relation to a woman. Koreans, on the contrary, welcome a handshake, while holding the elbow of the interlocutor's right hand with the left hand is also a symbol of respect, although it has a shade of patronage.

Africans, when talking to you, will hold your hand. And the French, even with strangers in a bistro, will definitely shake hands.

Most often, men greet each other with a handshake. Not to accept the hand extended to you means to inflict a grave insult on the one who gave it. In the business world, a handshake is used not only for greetings, but also as a symbol of agreements, a sign of trust and respect for a partner.

In the recent past, according to the rules of etiquette, a woman was the first to extend her hand when meeting. Now this is not mandatory: both a woman and a man can be the first to extend their hand to greet any person.

Occasionally, a kiss is "used" during the greeting, which, depending on the circumstances, can be both appropriate and inappropriate. In a service environment, it must be resorted to with great caution, and even more so it is not recommended to climb with kisses to unfamiliar people. Also, you should not kiss those who are higher or lower in official position. In order to avoid unpleasant situations, you should keep a certain distance, and when you meet, reach out your hand.

A sign of bad taste when greeting is the transition to business side conversation immediately after the handshake. It is necessary to devote five to ten minutes to questions that are not related to the main topic of the conversation. You can ask about the health of the interlocutor, his family, ask about his work, talk about the weather, etc.

No matter how complex the structure of an institution of state or municipal service, in any case, a polite tone when dealing with colleagues creates a comfortable climate in the team. So, the head of the institution should greet the guards, watchmen and respond to their welcoming phrases. A handshake is not at all necessary: ​​this is how you can greet each other in the case when both parties attach exceptional importance to this. In practice, this form of greeting can be cumbersome.

rules representation based on common etiquette and common sense.

• When you are introduced, you should say "Hello" or "Nice to meet you", hold out your hand and look into the eyes of the interlocutor.
• When introducing people, say the first and last names (in Russian tradition, it was always customary to add a patronymic). Smile and speak clearly. Say a few kind words about each of those you introduce.
• Introduce yourself if there is no one to introduce you.

The junior in position is introduced to the senior in position, but the senior should be the first to extend his hand for greeting. If he didn't, don't be offended.

• When presented, gender fades into the background, and service status comes to the fore. According to the generally accepted rules of etiquette, it is customary to introduce a man to a woman, however, according to official etiquette, if a man is higher in position than his female counterpart, then they introduce her first.
• If you introduce employees of equal positions, then introduce the one who is less familiar to you to the one you know better.
• An employee who does not have titles, academic degrees and scientific titles is presented to the one who possesses them.
• In a large group, one person is introduced to several at once.

Difficult situations may arise during the presentation ritual, typical of which are the following.

When you are being introduced, gloves must be removed, unless they are part of formal attire or when it is too cold outside.

If during the presentation your hands were busy (folders with documents, clothes, etc.), then you can nod your head in response.

If the employee representing you suddenly forgot your name, you should quickly prompt him to eliminate embarrassment.

If you forget someone's name when introducing someone, try to make it a joke and then ask for the name of the person being introduced.

If you have already met a person, but he does not recognize you, introduce yourself to him again.

An important element of greeting and introduction is appeal. His main function is to attract the attention of the interlocutor.

In official situations, personal names, job titles, scientific and military ranks, and titles are used to address.

The following forms are accepted for contacting officials:

• to officials states - Mr. plus position (no name) (Mr. President, Mr. Prime Minister, Mr. Secretary of State, etc.);
• to the military - comrade plus military rank (comrade general, comrade major, etc.);
• for persons with scientific titles - academician, professor plus surname. In the modern scientific world, there is one peculiarity - the address "docent" is not used if a person has an appropriate scientific title, it is customary to use the title "professor" in relation to him;
• to the Orthodox Patriarch - Your Holiness;
• to the head of the Catholic Church - Your Holiness or the Holy Father.

Thus, knowledge of the rules of greeting and introduction will help the state and municipal employee to avoid a number of unpleasant situations and strengthen his authority as a polite and well-mannered person.

According to explanatory dictionary"etiquette" is a form, manner of behavior, rules of courtesy and politeness that "reign" in a particular society. It turns out that depending on what society, country or situation you are in, the rules of etiquette, including the rules of greeting, may differ. Despite the slight differences in etiquette in different countries, the basics of international etiquette are basically the same.

The same can be said about the rules of greeting, the differences in which are manifested only in the traditions of a particular country. Usually, when people meet, they wish each other good, health, well-being, have a good day or success at work.

Not many people know how to say hello properly, and ?

Who should say hello first?

Usually, according to etiquette, the first to say hello is a man. However, this is not always the case, and it all depends on a particular etiquette situation, historical era or culture.

To answer the question " Who is the first to say hello according to etiquette ?”, it is necessary to determine the situation in which you find yourself.

Conventionally, etiquette can be divided into:

• situational;
• professional;
• secular;
• business.

Every day we find ourselves in business or secular situations, so look for the answer to the question " Who should say hello first?» We will, based on their rules.

Despite the differences in etiquette situations, it is impossible to draw clear boundaries between them.

Who should be the first to say hello, according to secular etiquette?

Cultural people always greet friends, acquaintances, neighbors or those people who have ever rendered them services or assistance when they meet.

According to the existing etiquette, it is customary to greet a man first with a woman, the younger one with the elder, the subordinate with the boss.

Usually, if a man meets a woman, the man is the first to say hello. But if the woman is much younger than the man, she should be the first to greet him. An exception to this rule: those present are greeted by the one (regardless of gender), who first enters the room, and the one who leaves is the first to say goodbye to those who remain.

If there are several people in the room, first they greet the mistress of the house, then other women, and then the owner of the house and other men.

At a meeting, a woman is the first to give a hand to greet a man, and the younger ones - to the elders.

Who should say hello first, according to business etiquette?

The development of international cooperation requires employees of companies to adhere to certain communication skills in order not to “fall face down” in front of foreign partners. To do this, it is necessary to learn the rules of conduct adopted in different countries and based on politeness, naturalness, dignity and tact.

Modern business etiquette is based on standard rules with slight adjustments for the gender, age and position of the company's employees. In addition, it is also necessary to consider whether they are in the company of other people or alone.

If in a secular situation the usual rules of greeting apply, then at work they change, adjusted for the position held.

Who is the first to say hello according to etiquette in the office? According to the daily rules of modern business etiquette, the first person to greet (if there is not a big difference in subordination) who first saw the other.

Based on the rules of business etiquette, a subordinate, regardless of gender and age, is the first to greet the boss. At the same time, the subordinate should not be the first to extend his hand to shake hands with a senior in position.

If at business communication the subordinate always greets the boss first, then in a situation where a superior enters the room with subordinates, he should be the first to greet the employees in the office.

In secular etiquette, when greeting a woman, older or superior in position, the man should stand up. In a business setting, these rules are adjusted for the position: a female subordinate always greets an incoming boss by standing up. However, there may be exceptions caused by the decency and good manners of people of higher positions.

How to say hello

Any communication, and even more acquaintance, begins with a greeting. So, the main elements of greeting are intonation, smile and gestures.

1. Intonation is an important element of greeting. A dry or rude tone can simply offend a person, while a warm and friendly greeting will leave a pleasant impression of the meeting.
2. A pleasant and sincere smile will improve your mood.
3. Any etiquette greeting, depending on the situation, is usually accompanied by a handshake, a nod of the head, a bow, a kiss on the hand or a hug.

When greeting a person, you should not lower your eyes - your eyes should meet.

Handshake in etiquette

According to secular etiquette, when meeting, you must be able to properly shake hands:

1. The younger ones give a hand to the older ones.
2. When a woman and a man meet, if they are of the same age, the woman gives her hand first.
3. When two couples meet, first the women greet each other, then the men greet the women; the men greet each other.
4. Before shaking hands, men take off the glove, women may not take it off. At the same time, when greeting older people, everyone takes off their gloves - both men and women.

"Business" handshake

Business ethics allows the absence of a handshake when greeting. But if such a ritual is to your liking, then remember that the woman is the first to extend her hand to the man.

If you shake hands with one of your colleagues when entering a room, you will also have to greet everyone else present. A "business handshake" should be short.

Summarize

To make a good impression on a person, you need to learn how to properly use a greeting while in different situations. After all, a beautiful greeting can show that you are a confident, friendly and pleasant person. The greeting should be a form of polite mutual respect, showing the other person your benevolence and disposition towards him. At the same time, the nature of the greeting should exclude your negative attitude towards the person and a bad mood.

To understand who should say hello first , it is necessary to determine the etiquette situation in which you find yourself and correctly build a line of your behavior. This is necessary in order to avoid unpleasant and stupid situations from which it can be difficult to get out, while maintaining one's dignity and honor and avoiding conflict and misunderstanding.

Although the basic rules of etiquette are the same, they can vary depending on the situation. Business and secular etiquette distinguishes the priority of subordinations, the concepts of which are in the gender, age and service areas. Business etiquette is primarily based on a system of official business relations in which big role plays, first of all, the status (position) of the person, and then age and gender. In business communication, signs of respect and respect must be rendered in this order. In secular etiquette, only gender and age are taken into account.