Presentations on speech etiquette. Presentation - speech etiquette
This presentation will help teachers conduct speech development lessons. 1 slide about passing information to each other, messages, prompts, questions or other speech actions.
Slide 2 makes you memorize polite words that are necessary when people communicate with each other. Slide 3 teaches words of gratitude, shows how diverse they are and how you can use them in speech. Slide 4 shows how diverse manifestations of rudeness are. This is arrogance, arrogance and arrogance, this is an insult, insulting. It is impolite to fail to comply with the rules of speech etiquette (they pushed and did not apologize), the wrong choice of expression in this situation, and more. How to teach students not to be rude and impolite.
The next slide talks about global scientific and technological processes and what they bring to our lives, respectively, and the speech activation of the vast sections of the population. In conclusion, Ushinsky's words "... The nature of the country and the history of the people, reflected in the human soul, were expressed in the word ..."
The presentation is accompanied by live animation, beautiful colorful illustrations.
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"presentation "Speech etiquette""
Speech etiquette.
Completed by Sykchina T.P.
Russian Language and Literature Teacher
In communication, people convey each other
friend this or that information,
certain meanings communicate something, encourage something, ask about something,
perform certain speech actions.
Not one or two polite words,
Remember and know these miracle words:
Good morning. Good afternoon.
Hello.
Goodbye.
Sorry.
You are welcome.
Bon appetit.
Sorry.
Thank you, thank you;
I am grateful to you;
I am grateful to you;
I want to thank;
I would like to thank…
Let me thank you;
accept my gratitude, etc.
The manifestations of rudeness are manifold.
This is arrogance, arrogance
and arrogance
it is an insult, an insult.
Failure to comply is impolite
rules of speech etiquette
(pushed and didn't apologize)
wrong choice of expression
in this situation and more.
To global scientific and technical processes,
covering the vast majority of regions
of the world, we have added purely specific -
democratization of public life,
social and, accordingly, speech activation
vast segments of the population
(with all the ensuing processes
in the language itself).
K. D. Ushinsky wrote: “In their language, the people,
over many millennia and in millions
individuals, put together their thoughts and their feelings.
The nature of the country and the history of the people, reflecting
in the human soul, expressed in the word.
The man disappeared, but the word he created remained
immortal and inexhaustible treasury
vernacular..."
Lesson on the culture of speech for students of grade 9 "Speech etiquette"
Given extracurricular activity addressed to teachers of the Russian language and literature and class teachers of grades 8-10. I held this event in the 9th grade as part of the subject week of the Russian language. But it can also be done within class hour. The material is given in a playful and theatrical form, which makes it possible to avoid moralizing, which teenagers do not accept.
Lesson on the culture of speech "Speech etiquette" (9th grade)
Lesson objectives:Cognitive: students learn about the role of greetings in communication, about how different nations greeted each other in the past; about the requirements of modern speech etiquette (the lesson is based on the fact that students have a zero level of cognitive activity: they are passive, hardly get involved in work, expect the usual pressure from the teacher; their activity increases gradually);
Developing: develops skills in the correct use of greeting and gratitude formulas, depending on the situation;
Educational: increasing the level of speech culture. Scene 1(option 1)
Passer-by 2. 0, it's not far. Go straight, then the first street to the right. There's a square on the corner, you'll see right away.
Passer-by 1. Thank you very much.
Passer-by 2. Please don't thank me.
Scene 1 (option 2):
Passer-by 1. Please tell me how to get to Gorky Street?
Passer-by 2. What?
Passer-by 1. Excuse me, I asked how to get to Gorky Street.
Passer-by 2. First to the right.
Psychologist. A harsh tone is a sign of rudeness and bad manners. Nothing gives us the right to be impolite in conversation - neither feeling unwell, nor trouble at work, nor fatigue, nor haste. Decent style of conversation with any person - calm, friendly, tactful.
Scene 2
The girl is sitting on the bus. She is constantly twirling and dangling her legs. Her neighbor, an old woman, moves away. She is scared. that the girl will soil her coat:
“Baby, please sit still. This is not how you behave.
- What did I do? - the girl objected.. - Just think! Please, I will sit still.
And she, pouting, looks out the window.
- Both the girl and the old woman uttered the same word - please. But was this word pronounced with the same intonation? (Listen to answers)
- So, friendly intonation, facial expressions, smile also play an important role in communication.
*** True politeness lies in a benevolent attitude towards people. (Jean Jacques Rousseau)
Now look and evaluate a few dating situations. You will hear only the first words that will help start the conversation. In a situation of acquaintance, be extremely polite, do not allow any swagger and remember that a sense of humor helps out in so many life situations.
Scene 3
Youth. Girl, can I meet you?
Young woman. Ham!
Psychologist. When a guy comes up to you and tries to formulate something that, in his opinion, is very witty, do not make a face and do not mockingly evaluate his "stupidity", it is better to give him some allowance for excitement, smile and help him. If you decide to refuse, do it nicely. The higher the girl's intelligence and better upbringing, the more tactful her refusal. At the very least, this is in your interests, because a rude refusal provokes reciprocal rudeness and attracts the attention of others. And the reaction of others is unequivocal - they pester her, which means she deserves it. And if she is also rude, then she is a rude woman and does not have to communicate. When refusing, thank the guy at least with your eyes for the fact that he marked you, for the good words that he managed to say to you. If he reads it in your eyes and in your smile, you will part as friends and both are in a good mood.
Dear girls, do not be surprised at the attempt to get to know you, at least look: who is he? what is he? What if this is a good person?
Scene 4
Young people come up to the girl, and everyone starts a conversation.
Young man 1. Good afternoon! Everyone knows that it is very indecent to address a person without knowing his name. Let's get to know each other, and then it will be easier for us to talk. My name is Dima. And what is your name?
Youth 2. I need your help. My sister has a birthday. I want to buy something, but I don't know what. Advise!
Young man 3. Good afternoon. I have a completely traditional question for you. I am interested in: how would you refuse that young man who would come up to you, smile and say: “Hello. Let's get acquainted".
Presenter 1. Please offer your options for the dating situation.
Presenter 2. Another situation related to speech etiquette is talking on the phone. Look at the staging of N. Nosov's story "Telephone" performed by your comrades. Be careful, because after watching we will discuss the Speech Mistakes of the characters.
Scene 5
Bear. Hello! Hello!
Kolka. Hello!
Bear. Do you hear anything?
Kolka. Heard. Do you hear well?
Kolka. Good. And you?
Bear. And I feel good! Let's talk.
Kolka. Let's. What to talk about?
Bear. Well, about... About anything... It's good to have a phone, isn't it?
Kolka. Truth.
Bear. Now, if it wasn't, it would be bad... Well...
Kolka. What's "well"?
(Pause.)
Bear. Why don't you talk?
Kolka. Why aren't you talking?
Bear. Yes, I don't know what to talk about. It always happens like this: when you need to talk, you don’t know what to talk about, and when you don’t need to talk, you talk and talk like that ...
Host 1. What do you guys think, what was the main mistake Bears and Kolki? (It was a conversation about nothing)
Psychologist. There are situations in which it is not recommended to use the telephone. It should be at a personal meeting, and not by phone, to express condolences, congratulate on family holidays, thank for gifts, invite to a wedding. When starting a telephone conversation, identify yourself and do not simply ask: “Who is talking?”, “Who is on the phone? ..” In response, you will most likely hear: “Who do you need?” In order to avoid this ridiculous conversation, after you introduce yourself, immediately say with whom and on what issue you want to talk.
When using your neighbors' home phone, try not to take advantage of their kindness and be respectful of their time. Moreover, you should not give your friends the phone number of neighbors as your own. Good neighborly relations can be overshadowed by a single stupid or unsuccessful call from one of your friends.
And if on your phone they ask either a laundry, or a meat-packing plant, or an unknown accounting department? You might get a little bored with this, but it's still impolite to be rude, hang up, or be "witty" with phrases like "No, it's a zoo." It is better to calmly explain that the person has the wrong number, because most often in such cases it is not people who are to blame, but the machine.
Even if you are very angry, do not shout, threaten, be rude on the phone. Any conversation on the phone must be extremely polite.
- You said to the counter: "Hello!" Is it a lot or a little? (Children express their opinions)
- On the one hand, it seems like a lot. But on the other hand, everyone knows how unpleasantly it strikes us and even hurts the absence of the expected greeting. Imagine that your good friend, seeing you, will pass by without saying hello. You will involuntarily perceive this with anxiety, because to stop saying hello means a desire to interrupt good relations, acquaintance. Thus, "Hello" indicates a readiness for communication and suggests making it friendly; the absence of politeness formulas can also be significant - they forgot to say goodbye, they didn’t say “thank you” - they will say about you that you are not polite, or they will decide that you were offended.
You can greet and say goodbye in different ways: you can nod your head, you can wave your hand, smile. Previously, bows were accepted (at the same time they took off their hats) and curtsy, women kissed their hands - and now these gestures are used in certain situations: for example, in a strictly formal setting or theater. Hungarians still have one of the most common greetings: “I kiss your hands.”
There are gestures characteristic of some people:
males in Russia, greeting, shake hands with each other;
Europeans often embrace as a sign of greeting;
the Chinese did not shake hands with each other, but with themselves; nowadays, with such a gesture, the speaker greets the audience;
the Egyptians put their palms to their foreheads (today this gesture has “taken root” among the military);
Indians folded their palms in front of their chests;
the Laplanders greeted each other with their noses.
- And you guys, what formulas do you use in speech?
The choice of formula is determined on a scale of “above - below”, “friend or foe”.
Assignment to the class: greeting formulas are written on the board, you must determine their use:
*** hello (in any situation),
good evening (greeting in the evening),
hello (a casual, friendly greeting, more often among young people),
great "in (friendly, rudely reduced),
I greet you, my respect (official, used by older people),
chao-cocoa (acceptable when saying goodbye to loved ones, but not appropriate when saying goodbye, for example, to a teacher).
3. Speech situations
1. A young man is walking down the street and meets a classmate or girl he knows. Who should say hello first? What formula can be used? (A man always greets a woman first, a student with a teacher, a junior with a senior.)
2. At school, an unfamiliar teacher comes towards you who does not teach in your class. Is it necessary to say hello? If you say hello, how will you do it?
3. The teacher in your class is busy (talking, checking notebooks). How will you greet him?
4. You are driving in a crowded vehicle and see a friend who is far away from you. Your actions.
5. Is it obligatory to say hello to the seller, librarian, cashier in the store?
6. An 11th grader is walking towards a 9th grader. Who should say hello first? (Here I would like to quote the words from the French military regulations of past years: “Of two officers of equal rank, the first one is always the one who is more polite and well-mannered.”)
7. You entered the room where the company of younger schoolchildren sits. Who should say hello first?
8. A complete stranger greeted you on the street. Your actions?
9. You meet your friend, whom you have already greeted several times during the day. Your actions? 1) "Let's compliment each other"
- Guys, imagine we are now in a fairy-tale land and are participating in a praise contest. Choose from compliments for each of the fairy-tale characters one to tell him (her) pleasant, but at the same time truthful words. (Cinderella, Koschei the Deathless, The Snow Queen, Winnie the Pooh)
2) "Polite criticism"
Politely criticize the heroes of the fairy tale "The Fox and the Crane"
3) "Comforters"
Imagine that Kolobok ran away from his grandfather and grandmother, and they hoped so much for him. And he doesn't care about them. Grandfather and grandmother were very upset. You need to comfort them.
You need to console the donkey Eeyore, who lost his tail and was very upset.
5. Homework:
Listen to the following text: “May your beard never thin out and never be born such a genie who will drive you into a lamp!” What is he? (Joking wish). Approaching New Year, at home you will have to make congratulations and wishes to your relatives and friends in two versions: playful and serious, using speech etiquette formulas.
Presentation on the topic: Speech etiquette
slide 2
“In their language, the people, in the course of many millennia and in millions of individuals, have combined their thoughts and their feelings. The nature of the country and the history of the people, reflected in the human soul, were expressed in the word. A person disappeared, but the word he created remained an immortal and inexhaustible treasury of the national language ... Inheriting the word from our ancestors, we inherit not only the means to convey our thoughts and feelings, but we inherit these very thoughts and these feelings. K. D. Ushinsky
slide 3
Speech etiquette is a system of rules of speech behavior and stable formulas for polite communication.
There is such a concept - speech etiquette"- the rules of communication. By observing them, people understand each other better. The rules of speech behavior are regulated by speech etiquette, a system of set expressions that has developed in the language and speech. These are situations of address, greetings, farewells, apologies, gratitude, congratulations, wishes, sympathy and condolences, approvals and compliments, invitations, suggestions, requests for advice and much more.
slide 4
The specifics of Russian speech etiquette
Speech etiquette has national specifics. Each nation has created its own system of rules of speech behavior. AT Russian society of particular value are such qualities as tact, courtesy, tolerance, benevolence, restraint. The importance of these qualities is reflected in numerous Russian proverbs and sayings that characterize the ethical standards of communication. A wise man does not speak, an ignoramus does not let him speak. Tongue - one, ear - two, say once, listen twice. The grandfather talks about the chicken, and the grandmother talks about the duck. You listen, and we will be silent. A deaf person listens to a dumb person speak. All the troubles of a man come from his tongue. Cows are caught by the horns, people by the tongue.
slide 5
Technique for the implementation of label forms
Any act of communication has a beginning, main part and final. If the addressee is unfamiliar to the subject of speech, then communication begins with an acquaintance. In this case, it can occur directly and indirectly. Of course, it is desirable that someone introduce you, but there are times when you need to do it yourself. Official greeting formulas: - Hello! - Good afternoon! Informal greeting formulas: - Hello! - Hello
slide 6
Interaction of speech and behavioral etiquette
Etiquette is closely related to ethics. Ethics prescribes the rules of moral behavior (including communication), etiquette presupposes certain manners of behavior and requires the use of external formulas of politeness expressed in specific speech actions. In oral communication, it is necessary to observe a number of ethical and etiquette norms that are closely related to each other. Firstly, one must treat the interlocutor with respect and kindness. Secondly, the speaker is ordered to be modest in self-assessments, not to impose his own opinions, to avoid excessive categoricalness in speech.
Slide 7
Speech distances and taboos
The distance in speech communication is determined by age and social status. It is expressed in speech by using the pronouns you and you. Speech etiquette defines the rules for choosing one of these forms. Empty “You” with a heartfelt “You” She, having said a word, replaced .. A.S. Pushkin with the degree of acquaintance of partners (you - to a friend, you - to a stranger); the formality of the communication environment (you are unofficial, you are official); the nature of the relationship (you are friendly, "warm", you are emphatically polite or strained, aloof, "cold"); equality or inequality of role relations (by age, position: you are equal and inferior, you are equal and superior The choice is dictated by:
Slide 8
Compliments. The culture of criticism in speech communication.
A compliment is a special form of praise, an expression of approval, respect, recognition or admiration; kind, nice words, flattering review. Criticism - Discussion, analysis of something in order to evaluate the merits, detect and correct shortcomings
Slide 9
Non-verbal means of communication
When talking with each other, people use gestures and facial expressions along with verbal speech to convey their thoughts, moods, desires. With the help of non-verbal language: we confirm, explain or refute the information transmitted verbally; we transmit information consciously or unconsciously; express our emotions and feelings; adjusting the course of the conversation; control and influence others;
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Slides captions:
RULES OF SPEECH ETIQUET Completed by: teacher primary school Shcherbakova L.V. MBOU "TsO No. 44 named after Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov", Tula
What has not been said can be said, what has been said cannot be returned. Speech etiquette refers to the regulatory rules of speech behavior, a system of nationally specific stereotyped, stable communication formulas adopted and prescribed by society to establish contact between interlocutors, maintain and break contact in the chosen key. (researcher of speech etiquette N.I. Formanovskaya)
Speech etiquette is an essential component of effective communication. Possession of speech etiquette contributes to the acquisition of authority, trust and respect. Knowledge of the rules of speech etiquette, their observance allows a person to feel confident and not experience difficulties in communication.
“I speak the way I want, and they understand me! This is my own business!" What can be said to this? These personal opinions about right and wrong language are often expressed in the most categorical and temperamental form. However, a person living in a society is subject to this society. And any norms (both moral and linguistic) are a requirement of society for a person
Golden rules of speech etiquette Before entering into a conversation, clearly formulate for yourself the purpose of the upcoming communication.
Golden rules of speech etiquette Choose the words and expressions that are most appropriate for a particular situation. Be able to recognize situations in which it is appropriate to tell the interlocutor about your feelings.
Golden rules of speech etiquette Learn to be attentive to the interlocutor, listen to his opinion and follow the course of his thoughts, follow the logic so that the conclusion does not contradict the premise.
Golden rules of speech etiquette Be positive, polite and friendly. Don't answer rudeness with rudeness. Do not stoop to using obscene words.
Golden rules of speech etiquette Be sure to answer the interlocutor if you see that he needs your advice or attention. But do not impose a conversation on a person who does not want to talk.
Golden rules of speech etiquette Make sure that during a conversation or public speaking emotions do not overpower your mind. Maintain self-control and self-control.
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Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
Speech etiquette Speech etiquette - nationally specific rules of speech behavior, implemented in a system of stable formulas and expressions and socially prescribed situations of "polite" contact with the interlocutor. Such situations are: addressing the interlocutor and attracting his attention, greeting, acquaintance, farewell, apology, gratitude, etc. Speech etiquette is not closed, it is open to a wider area of "communication stereotypes".
2 slide
Description of the slide:
Ethics of speech communication and etiquette formulas of speech Speech ethics are the rules of proper speech behavior based on moral norms, national and cultural traditions. The ethics of verbal communication begins with the observance of the conditions for successful verbal communication: with a benevolent attitude towards the addressee, demonstrating interest in the conversation, “understanding understanding” - attunement to the world of the interlocutor, sincere expression of one’s opinion, sympathetic attention. In the idle speech spheres of communication in dialogues and polylogues of an intellectual, as well as "playful" or emotional nature, the choice of the topic and tone of the conversation is of particular importance. Signals of attention, participation, correct interpretation and sympathy are not only regulatory replicas, but also paralinguistic means - facial expressions, smile, gaze, gestures, posture. A special role in the conduct of a conversation belongs to the look.
3 slide
Description of the slide:
Ethics are embodied in special etiquette speech formulas and are expressed in statements by a whole ensemble of multi-level means: both full-significant word forms and words of non-full-significant parts of speech (particles, interjections). Main ethical principle speech communication - the observance of parity - finds its expression, starting with a greeting and ending with a farewell, throughout the conversation.
4 slide
Description of the slide:
Greetings. Appeal. Greetings and salutations set the tone for the entire conversation. Depending on the social role of the interlocutors, the degree of their closeness, you are developed - communication or you - communication and, accordingly, hello or hello greetings. Good afternoon (evening, morning), hello, fireworks, etc. Communication also plays an important role. The appeal performs a contact-establishing function, is a means of intimization, therefore, throughout the entire speech situation, the appeal should be pronounced repeatedly; this indicates both good feelings for the interlocutor, and attention to his words. In phatic communication, in the speech of loved ones, in conversations with children, the address is often accompanied or replaced by paraphrases, epithets with diminutive - caressing suffixes: Anechka, you are my bunny; dear; kitty etc. This is especially true for the speech of women and people of a special warehouse, as well as for emotional speech.
5 slide
Description of the slide:
National and cultural traditions prescribe certain forms of addressing strangers. If at the beginning of the century the universal methods of address were a citizen and a citizen, then in the second half of the 20th century dialectal southern forms of address based on gender - a woman, a man - became widespread. AT recent times often in casual colloquial speech, when referring to an unfamiliar woman, the word lady is used, but when referring to a man, the word master is used only in an official, semi-official, club setting. The development of the same acceptable address for a man or a woman is a matter of the future: sociocultural norms will have their say here.
6 slide
Description of the slide:
Etiquette formulas In each language, ways of expressing the most frequent and socially significant communicative intentions are fixed. So, when expressing a request for forgiveness, an apology, it is customary to use a direct, literally form, for example, Sorry (those), Forgive (those). When expressing a request, it is customary to represent one's "interests" in an indirect, non-literal statement, softening the expression of one's interest and leaving the addressee the right to choose an act; for example: Could you go to the store now?; Are you going to the store now? When asked how to get through ..? Where is..? You should also preface your question with a request. Could you tell me?; You will not say..? There are etiquette formulas for congratulations: immediately after the appeal, a reason is indicated, then an assurance of the sincerity of feelings, a signature.
7 slide
Description of the slide:
The oral forms of some genres of colloquial speech also largely bear the stamp of ritualization, which is determined not only by speech canons, but also by the "rules" of life, which takes place in a multifaceted human "dimension". This applies to such ritualized genres as toasts, thanks, condolences, congratulations, invitations. Etiquette formulas, phrases for the occasion - important component communicative competence; knowledge of them is an indicator of a high degree of language proficiency.
8 slide
Description of the slide:
Euphemization of speech Maintaining the cultural atmosphere of communication, the desire not to upset the interlocutor, not to offend him indirectly, not to cause an uncomfortable state - all this obliges the speaker, firstly, to choose euphemistic nominations, and secondly, a softening, euphemistic way of expression. Historically, the language system has developed ways of periphrastic nomination of everything that offends taste and violates cultural stereotypes of communication. These are periphrases regarding death, sexual relations, physiological poisoning; for example: he left us, died, passed away. Mitigating methods of conducting a conversation are also indirect information, allusions, hints that make it clear to the addressee the true reasons for such a form of expression. In addition, mitigation of refusal or reprimand can be realized by the “change of addressee” technique, in which a hint is made or a verbal situation is projected onto a third participant in the conversation.
9 slide
Description of the slide:
In the traditions of Russian speech etiquette, it is forbidden to speak about those present in the third person (he, she, they), thus, all those present find themselves in one “observable” deictic space of the speech situation “I - You (You) - Here - Now". This shows respect for all participants in the conversation.
10 slide
Description of the slide:
Interruption. Counter remarks. Polite behavior in verbal communication prescribes listening to the interlocutor's remarks to the end. However, a high degree of emotionality of the participants in communication, a demonstration of their solidarity, consent, the introduction of their assessments "in the course" of the partner's speech is an ordinary phenomenon of dialogues and polylogues of idle speech genres, stories and stories - memories. According to the observations of researchers, interruptions are typical for men, women are more correct in conversation. In addition, interruption occurs when the communicative interest is lost. Cultural and social norms of life, the subtleties of psychological relations require the speaker and the listener to actively create a benevolent atmosphere of verbal communication, which ensures the successful resolution of all issues and leads to agreement.
11 slide
Description of the slide:
YOU - communication and You - communication In Russian, You - communication in informal speech is widespread. A superficial acquaintance in some cases and a distant long-term relationship of old acquaintances in others is shown by the use of the polite "You". In addition, you - communication indicates respect for the participants in the dialogue; so, you - communication is typical for old friends, who have deep feelings of respect and devotion for each other. More often you - communication with a long acquaintance or friendship is observed among women. Men of different social strata are more often inclined towards You - communication. Among uneducated and uncultured men, you are the only acceptable form of communication. social interaction. With the established relationship of you - communication, they attempt to deliberately reduce the social self-esteem of the addressee and impose you - communication. This is a destructive element of verbal communication that destroys communicative contact.
12 slide
Description of the slide:
It is generally accepted that You - communication is always a manifestation of spiritual harmony and spiritual closeness, and that the transition to You - communication is an attempt to intimate relationships. Parity relations as the main component of communication do not cancel the choice of You - communication and You - communication, depending on the nuances social roles and psychological distances. The same participants in the conversation different situations may use the pronouns "you" and "you" in informal settings. This may indicate alienation, a desire to introduce elements of ritual address into the speech situation.
13 slide
Description of the slide:
Thus, speech etiquette allows you to establish the necessary contact with the interlocutor in a certain tone, in different communication settings, reflect the different nature of the relationship of those who communicate, etc. Literature: Vereshchagin "Language and Culture" 1979. Formanovskaya "Study of Russian speech etiquette" 1974. Akishina and Formanovskaya "Russian speech etiquette" 1975. "Culture of the Russian language" (for universities)