In this article I want to talk about a set of equipment that can be issued at the service centers of RUE "Beltelecom". Some people may have problems with the completeness of the equipment when terminating the contract, when returning the old modem (when they installed, for example, a new modem using xPON technology), etc.

Note: this article discusses some examples of the issuance of equipment by RUE "Beltelecom". In some cases, the completeness of the equipment may differ.

When concluding an agreement at the service center of RUE "Beltelecom", you are given equipment, while your agreement will contain the "Property Transfer and Acceptance Certificate". With the help of this act, you can navigate what equipment and components you were given. Examples will be given next.

Example 1

For example, from Figure 1, you can see that you received the STB ZXV10 B700 prefix. Further in the note we see (highlighted in red) that you additionally received a power supply, remote control, 3RCA cable, RGB cable or HDMI cable, RJ45 cable. In the same set, you will have to hand over the equipment, for example, upon termination of the contract. In this example, an act is used that is issued when concluding an agreement for the Interactive ZALA service, in addition to this act, a second act may be issued regarding the modem. Let me remind you that Interactive ZALA requires a modem and a set-top box. Figure 2 shows more clearly what this set of equipment is.

Example 2

In Figure 3, you can see that you have received an ONT F660 terminal (modem). Further in the note we see (highlighted in red) that you additionally received a power supply, an RJ11 linear cable, an RJ45 network cable, and a fiber optic cable. Figure 4 shows more clearly what this set of equipment is.

Example 3

In Figure 5, you can see that you have received an ONT Echolife HG8245H terminal (modem). Further in the note we see (highlighted in red) that you additionally received a power supply, an RJ45 network cable, an optical fiber cable, and a cassette. Figure 6 shows more clearly what this set of equipment is.

Example 4

In Figure 7, you can see that you have received STB ZXV10 B600. Further in the note we see (highlighted in red) that you additionally received a power supply, remote control, 3RCA cable, RJ45 cable.

Example 5

In Figure 8, you can see that you received the Vityaz DTR-824HD prefix and a conditional access card. Further in the note we see (highlighted in red) that you additionally received a power supply, remote control, RCA cable, RCA-Scart adapter, 2 batteries (batteries), instruction manual. Batteries cannot be returned. Such a set of equipment is issued for on-air ZALA service.

Example 6

In Figure 9, you can see that you have received the H208N modem. Further in the note we see (highlighted in red) that in addition you received a power supply, a splitter, an RJ11 linear cable (maybe 2), an RJ45 network cable. Figure 10 shows more clearly what this set of equipment is (so that there is no misunderstanding, please pay your attention to the fact that here the H208N modem is presented in the act, but in the figure below the Huawei HG552f-11 modem!). Such equipment is usually issued upon conclusion of a ByFly Internet contract.

Total

What equipment will be issued to you at the service center of RUE "Beltelecom" depends on many factors:

• Depending on the technology through which the service will be provided to you, it can be ADSL, VDSL, IMS or xPON;
• The service you connect to can be ByFly, Interactive ZALA, Essential ZALA, SMART ZALA, Smart Home, etc.;
• From equipment that is already installed in your home.

If you have any questions, then ask them below in the comments.

Gradually optical fiber supersedes all other types of cable communication in our homes. In new new buildings, for a long time, nothing is being started except Beltelecom fiber optics which provides all telecommunication services: Internet Byfly, interactive-television Zala., telephony, intercom. What is it?
Optical fiber This is the fastest way to transfer information today. One by one fiber, as thick as a human hair, a huge amount of information can be transmitted (up to 10 million telephone conversations at the same time).
Now in Minsk, and not only, there is an active modernization of telephone lines. Optical fiber of Beltelecom in Minsk- this is the replacement of old copper cables with new ones fiber optic lines. Accordingly, its separate fiber from Beltelecom available to each subscriber. This technology is called GPON(Gigabyte Passive Optical Network)

Here is a list of a few key points that you need to know about the mechanisms for introducing this technology into each apartment. Usually the main fiber optic line is installed at the entrance to the apartment and is a so-called “ optical socket” is directly your new telephone line, which is a plastic square with a side of about 10 cm mounted on the wall. Inside it is wound by itself optical fiber and a connector for connecting removable optical cords.
Installed at the entrance to the apartment as by itself fiber optic cable quite fragile, and for its restoration it is required to call specialists with special equipment. Next, a removable connector is connected to the optical socket. optical cord (patch cord). It is too optical fiber with chips on both ends. This cord can be used for laying around the apartment, because if it is damaged, it can be easily replaced by acquiring a new required length (purchase optical patch cord in Minsk you can with us). It is desirable to lay optical fiber in a corrugated pipe or in a box. The modem from Beltelecom comes with an optical cable 2-3 meters long. This optical patch cord a modem is connected, which requires a regular 220V power outlet to work. And from this modem, further wiring is already being carried out with ordinary copper wires such as twisted pair. The phone is connected with a regular telephone wire (it will do, and the old “noodles”, i.e. you can switch your old wiring to this modem and everything will work fine). For internet connection Byfly and television Zala 2 or 4 pair required about UTP cable with RJ45 connectors (network cable). The Internet can also be connected via Wi-Fi, but it is better to do the twisted-pair wiring anyway, especially in apartments with large area. In remote "corners" Wi-Fi from a standard modem may not pull, in this case it is necessary to connect either via cable, or buy additional devices to amplify the wireless signal.
Attention ordinary TV cable (coaxial) connect and use for interactive TV Zala it is forbidden
IN general view the connection diagram looks like the one shown in the figure:

Where 1 is an optical socket with a connected optical cord (patch cord),
2 - modem connector with connected to it optical patch cord and a connector for connecting the power supply (black),
3- place connection of a conventional telephone set,
4 - connections patch cord for internet or television

Advantages of fiber

Large length of regeneration sections (low signal transmission losses);
- not subject to electromagnetic influences;
- the fastest way to transfer information today;
- complete electrical safety;
- smaller and lighter than traditional copper lines;

Cons of fiber

The main disadvantage of this technology is the special delicacy during installation. Optical fiber does not like kinks, so even if the signal passes through the kink, the fiber throughput can significantly deteriorate.
More about the service

To date, Beltelecom is the most popular service provider in Belarus in the field of broadband access in Internet. If you are planning to connect to byfly, but are lost among the proposed options, our guide will definitely be useful to you. We are talking about all Beltelecom tariffs for the Internet that are relevant in the current 2019 year.

Fiber or copper?

No, we do not offer you a choice. We are talking about two technologies still used by Beltelecom to provide subscribers with access to their services. And although work on laying fiber-optic cable is being intensively carried out throughout the republic, many settlements still remain “unclosed”. Therefore, for convenience, we divided all tariffs into two large groups.

If you have a "regular" Internet (xDSL)

You can clarify the cost and conditions for tariffs on the official website http://byfly.by/client/tariffsrelax

The Domosed line is still in demand in those places where fiber has not yet reached: this is the best option out of all relevant Beltelecom Internet tariffs for individuals, attracting attention with unlimited access. Separately, it is worth highlighting two of its modifications - "Homebody Premium" and "Homebody Family".

Domosed Premium, in addition to the highest available access speed, also offers an annual subscription to the Kaspersky Crystal antivirus program for two computers at once.

And the cost of the tariff "Homebody Family" includes a fee for parental control. This is very handy if you want to make the network really safe for your child.

If, among Beltelecom's tariffs, you are looking for those that are best suited for pensioners who are veterans of the Second World War, pay attention to Social Unlim 3 - at the minimum speed, but also with a minimum payment and, moreover, without any restrictions on traffic.

The "Comfort" line with limited (not unlimited) traffic is suitable for rare use:

• "Express" - if you want to have prepaid traffic;
• "Mini" - if you want to pay for each spent meter of traffic.

Tariffs "Beltelecom" for "fiber"

Here again there is "Social Unlim" - this time with a more attractive access speed of up to 10 Mbps. It can be connected:

• families with disabled children under the age of 18;
• large families;
• warriors-internationalists;
• WWII veterans.

This is fixed in the instructions.

Beltelecom also connects this tariff to family-type orphanages.

The same speed as on Social Unlim is offered by Record 10, which costs more. This tariff can be recommended to pensioners who do not want to pay a lot of money for the Internet. The allocated channel is enough for regular surfing the net, for video communication with children and grandchildren, and for watching movies online.

The most popular Beltelecom tariff from this line today is Record 25. It offers quite decent speed for the money and fits the needs of most people perfectly.

If you are an adherent of online gaming battles and need a solid channel, then the Record 50 and Record 200 options will solve all your problems.

How to quickly check the balance, enter the promised payment, pause and other services for all Beltelecom services? Use new Personal Area, here is ours, even from the phone.

Service packages

In addition to the Internet, Beltelecom also offers combined service packages, including access to the network, as well as telephone and interactive television services (halls).

The most popular options are "Yasna" for fiber optics and "Family" based on a regular xDSL connection.

The Yasna line offers high-speed Internet access using PON technology at speeds from 35/17.5 Mbps to 200/100 Mbps and is very popular among the most different categories population. It is no coincidence that there is even a separate tariff "Yasna Igrovoy" with a large number of bonuses for fans computer game World Of Tanks.

On the "Family" for obvious reasons, the speed is more modest: from 3072/512 Kbps to 4096/512 Kbps.

Under the pretext of “network modernization”, Beltelecom recommends Belarusians to abandon private providers.

Beltelecom is modernizing telephone networks, at the same time actively offering its services and recommending disconnecting from private Internet providers. So, in short, you can convey the essence of several appeals received by the editors of tut.by. The journalists understood the situation and talked about the pros and cons of this "modernization".

Now in Minsk and the regions, a planned modernization of telephone networks is underway, in which the state telecom operator decided to include fiber optic wiring in an apartment and free delivery of modems.

Why it's good: fast Internet without unnecessary actions

At first glance, the idea is great. Many people still use outdated, slower and more expensive ADSL, or even regular 3G, because Ethernet providers did not reach their homes, or because they simply do not find time to go to the office, choose a tariff and conclude an agreement.

Beltelecom eliminates this problem. You are automatically held high high speed internet, connect the modem, and then a specialist arrives at a convenient time, connecting necessary services. No extra action on your part.

At the same time, there is too active promotion of services?

In addition to the requests of users received by our editorial office, a similar thread was created on the Onliner forum. Here is what the author of the topic writes:

“Already several acquaintances in their high-rise buildings have been extended free fiber optic cable to almost every apartment. Modernization. they say, leaving copper. The installers sang sweet songs about the free distribution of routers, the super quality of telephony and good internet.

Everything seems to be fine, but then ...

In general, a young guy comes and starts to ride hard on the ears, it all depends on the age and advancement of the “ears”. If "ears" retirement age, they are signed for everything at once: phone, ByFly, Zala. Timid objections that there is television, and the boy, without blinking, declares: “The telephone will not work without the Hall!”

Here is a photo sent to us by another reader.

It was posted on the bulletin board of one of the Minsk high-rise buildings. It can be assumed that the authorship belongs to some private provider, dissatisfied with the policy of Beltelecom.

Private providers "shut down"

We asked if private providers had heard about such actions of Beltelecom employees. It turned out that they not only heard, but also tried to resist it.

For example, the Unet.by operator (United Networks LLC) wrote an official complaint to RUE Beltelecom (a copy is in the editorial office) with a request to conduct a trial in the system active sales and refute information that discredits business reputation internet operator.

The claim, in particular, states that since mid-May, the provider’s call center employees began to receive calls with questions “how can we continue to use your services”, “why did you decide to close”, “who will provide services instead of your provider” and similar wording .

Unet.by, according to the claim, created a working group that found out that Beltelecom's sales managers "spread false information about other Internet companies among the residents of certain multi-apartment residential buildings." The provider claims that Beltelecom employees are talking about the imminent closure of alternative providers and the “cutting out” of all communication networks alternative to the state provider.

The document also states that a survey of residents was conducted in one of the houses in Minsk, which “confirmed the dissemination of false information about the operator, discrediting his business reputation.”

Beltelecom considered the claim unfounded. This wording is contained in the response letter:

CEO Unet.by Vladimir Volosenkov considers Beltelecom's answer strange: “Obviously, we wouldn't just file a complaint out of boredom. Yes, and communication with fellow providers confirms the same picture of misleading users throughout the country. Significantly, the answer Sergei Ivanovich Sivodedov not only was there no hint of any kind of apology, but even a formal remark about the intention to investigate or instruct representatives of his company.

Unet.by notes that messages from users continue to arrive even after their complaint. Currently, they continue to collect statements from users and are considering taking legal action.

Yuri Santersky, the co-founder of the Internet operator Flynet, also said that they were approached by customers asking if private companies would continue to provide communication services. According to them, they received such information from representatives of Beltelecom.

Santersky also complains that “frequent bans on work in cable ducts for private operators, dumping prices for communication services for their customers, unjustifiably high cost of renting cable ducts hinder the development of the republic's communications market. Ultimately, all this will have a negative impact on the consumer of services, including Beltelecom subscribers.”

However, ADSL providers that use a copper cable for connection got the most (after all, they change it to optics during the upgrade). BelInfoNet even had to post information on the site describing what to do in case Beltelecom employees come and they are convinced that it is necessary to disconnect the old provider.

Aichyna Plus, which also provides Internet using ADSL technology, claims that they also constantly face the problem of disconnecting subscribers due to the fact that Beltelecom is quite actively entering residential buildings with xPON technology:

“We have stories when our subscribers are not asked if they want to buy Beltelecom services. They are simply told: from the 1st of next month, all private providers will be turned off in your house. And you run the risk of being left without a phone, and without the Internet, and without television.

You can opt out of extra services.

Briefly explain: remember that no one can impose a provider or any additional services on you.

If you already have an ISP or cable TV that suits you, you don't need to disconnect from them. If Beltelecom brought fiber to your home and installed a modem, this does not oblige you to anything, even if you now do not have high-speed Ethernet Internet, but an ADSL connection.

In the latter case, however, this is rather problematic. Since it is necessary to apply to BTK before the design stage so that they leave the copper line. In this case, you have the right to leave only the old number and not connect high-speed Internet (xPON), or leave the old one and connect the new number (in the latter option, you will have 2 subscription fees for the lines).

Beltelecom's answer: "Maintaining a copper network is an expensive pleasure"

The situation was commented Commercial Director"Beltelecom" Sergey Turomsha:

After all, all our services are now available on fiber optics. But providers in this situation are in no hurry to ask to keep copper lines in exchange for compensation for all costs of their operation. They want to keep the old conditions. But then who will pay the full costs?

On the other hand, what kind of copper can we talk about when subscribers already today need Internet at speeds up to 100 Mbps? Maximum tariff plan Beltelecom on copper lines provided Internet access at speeds up to 10 Mbps. And we were very afraid to introduce such a high-speed threshold, since we believed that ADSL technology won't let you endure state standard ensure the quality of the connection.

Therefore, I believe that the providers themselves are well aware that copper is yesterday. Those who a few years ago did not think about investing in infrastructure, about changing the technological platform, today are "reaping the fruits" of their management decisions.

By the way, laying fiber is not some kind of exclusive technology that allows you to get high speed Internet access. In Belarus, many private providers have chosen the path of building Ethernet networks. And in this case, they do not depend on Beltelecom's copper lines in any way.

The arrival of Beltelecom with an optical socket in every apartment is by no means equivalent to a mass cleansing of the market and the disappearance of private operators as a subspecies.

Everyone will find a place in the sun. Belarus has very diverse consumers of telecommunications services. Many prefer some particular TV channels or services that Beltelecom does not provide. Someone appreciates in small operators, for example, the opportunities that provide local networks. Therefore, there is nothing terrible in the arrival of Beltelecom. Those who do not invest in their business and resist progress will disappear from the market.”

Beltelecom: employees are not set to “squeeze out competitors”

Beltelecom also denied the information about the “squeezing out” of competitors:

“We set the task for the employees who work with clients to promote the services of Beltelecom as much as possible. We never form any list of shortcomings or weaknesses of competitors. the main task- to focus attention of clients on our advantages.

I believe that any provider regarding the subscriber base of Beltelecom acts in exactly the same way. Or do you seriously think that someone's "hunters for subscribers", having heard that in front of them existing clients our company, immediately stop the conversation, without trying to lure the subscriber to their side?

Accusations against Beltelecom that we use uncivilized methods of competition, and everything around is white and fluffy, can only cause a smile.

By the way, in September of this year, we invited the management of United Grids to a meeting to discuss the situation with the appearance in a number of houses on bulletin boards and in mailboxes of residents of anonymous leaflets with information misleading consumers about the goals and objectives of RUE Beltelecom » modernization of telecommunications networks.

The initiative to meet with representatives of Unet.by is easy to explain - the "arguments" given in anonymous leaflets closely intersected with the information that had previously appeared on the operator's official website and in a letter to RUE Beltelecom.

The described meeting took place and passed in a rather constructive way. Unet.by was informed about the ongoing work on the reconstruction of networks, organization of sales of Beltelecom services and interaction with private providers after the appearance of GPON networks in homes.

In turn, the top managers of Unet.by admitted the possibility of a personal initiative not agreed with the management on the part of one of their own employees regarding the distribution of the above anonymous materials, promised to look into the situation and, if necessary, take appropriate measures to prevent such methods of work on the market.

It seemed to us that the “conflict” described above could be considered settled on this. Therefore, in this case, we perceive the words about the need for any apologies from Beltelecom with some surprise.”

Another problem: Wi-Fi interference in the house

Even if we ignore the possible fact of incorrect work of sales managers, the total coverage of houses by Beltelecom with the Internet with the installation of modems has another problem.

“We have Huawei modems installed for everyone in our house, and Wi-Fi is turned on at full capacity by default,”- said Grigory, one of the new subscribers of Beltelecom in Minsk. - “I had to run around the floors and ask grandparents who do not use the Internet to “press a button” to turn off the Wi-Fi they do not need.”

As evidence, Grigory sent screenshots of the inSSIDer Wi-Fi analyzer program:

On the first screenshot, the program shows more than 40 Wi-Fi networks in the coverage area. Most network names look like "HUAWEI-abcd" - these are the names assigned by modems to networks by default. “Most likely they are not used at all”, suggests Gregory.

The second screenshot shows the signal strength of the surrounding networks. It is noteworthy that the network in the young man's apartment (ZTE5) is only in 5th place.

The same information is confirmed by Alena from Minsk, who sent a screenshot showing the abundance of active WiFi networks in the reception area of ​​her smartphone. And here we also see “faceless” networks, but already ZTE with six-digit indexes. It is unlikely that there will be so many active users of high-speed Internet in the five-story Khrushchev building in the center of Minsk.

High speed Internet is best provided with the help of optical communication lines. Now this technology has come to almost every apartment. The question of how to connect an optical cable is of interest not only to specialists, but also to ordinary users. We will try to cover the topic in more detail.

We will consider the connection using PON technology (passive optical networks) as the most modern and increasingly widespread today, replacing conventional wired lines.

Let's start with the basics in order to understand what we will have to meet, because optical communication technology differs from ordinary and familiar wires for us, both in terms of the principle of operation and in terms of installation methods. Of course, this section can be omitted and proceed immediately to solving practical problems, but, nevertheless, knowing the theory, it is easier to solve many problems that arise in practice. We will try not to bother you with complex terms, but to explain everything simply and popularly.

How does data transmission via fiber optics work?

Signal transmission through conventional wires using electric current rests on two obstacles that limit the speed limit.

1. A signal with a high frequency quickly attenuates over a long distance.
2. High-frequency currents have large energy losses through radiation into the environment.
3. Nearby wires and equipment interfere with the signal.

These negative factors are fought by using intermediate amplifiers, screens, twisting wires. But everything has a limit. Today, increasing the speed of information transfer is mainly solved by dividing it into parallel streams. For example, USB 3.0 differs from earlier USB 2.0 in that it uses more than one pair of wires to transfer data.

The problem could be cardinally solved only with the help of fiber optic cables. In them, the signal is transmitted using light, more precisely laser radiation, which weakly attenuates over long distances. For communication, glass fibers are used, in which, due to specially selected properties of the core and the outer layer, the effect of total reflection of the light beam is manifested.

Also, due to their small diameter, they are flexible (thin flexible glass fibers are also found in such familiar materials as glass wool and fiberglass).

The system works extremely simply - on one side of the cable, the laser radiation is modulated, encoding information in it, which is decoded by the photodetector at the other end. Multiple streams can be transmitted over a single fiber, using lasers with different spectra in parallel.

The transmission speed over fiber is orders of magnitude higher than the capabilities of metal conductors and reaches several terra bits per second.

It has fiber optics and other advantages:

1. Absolute protection against external interference, it is impossible to direct an extraneous signal to such a cable.
2. Due to the absence of metal conductors, such lines cannot be damaged by high voltage insulation breakdown, therefore they are also safe for users.
3. Modern fiber optic cable has a small diameter and takes up a lot of space in trays and sewers.
4. It is impossible to read information without damaging the cable and without violating its performance by known methods (for example, by detecting electromagnetic radiation).

Another advantage of optical fiber is that it is of no interest to intruders, since it does not contain non-ferrous metals.

But there are also some downsides:

1. such cables cannot be connected by conventional soldering or twisting, it is required to weld glass or use special connecting elements;
2. fiberglass cables cannot be bent along a small radius;
3. equipment for receiving and transmitting is complex, although with mature and mass production, as with any electronics, its price is constantly decreasing.

How PON technology works

At first glance, there are two ways to build a subscriber network:

1. Run the cable from the base station to each user. This is how a standard city network works - from the PBX, pairs of wires go to each phone.
2. Conduct several trunk lines with high bandwidth, to which active switches are connected - switches that distribute access between subscribers. This is how the first networks were built using twisted pairs (LAN) and later fiber optics as backbones. For example, a fiber-optic line went to the house, access to which was already distributed among the apartments using twisted pairs connected through switches. Such networks were called FTTB (Fiber To Building) - fiber to the building.

PON technology works on a slightly different principle:

1. Active equipment is installed only at the provider and the client.
2. Up to 128 receivers can be connected per fiber. The network is built on the principle of a tree, where branches come from the line, and branches of the second order come from them, and so on.
3. All subscriber devices connected to the same fiber get access to the network with time division. That is, a packet of information is immediately transmitted to one client, then to the second, and so on in turn. Due to the high bandwidth of the line, this in no way reduces the data transfer rate. Communication is also carried out in the opposite direction, but a different wavelength of laser radiation is used.

This approach became possible due to the fact that special devices are used - splitters. They divide the flow of one fiber into several fibers. Radiation losses, of course, are large in this case, but they are compensated by the use of powerful lasers, today the price for them is not so high.

The advantages of splitters are that they are relatively simple, do not require connection to the mains (this is a passive element, hence the name of the technology) and maintenance.

These features of PON technology make it possible to develop networks in any conditions. If for older methods of distributing the Internet, unlike the city, where you can place ordinary switches and servers without problems in any attic or basement and there are no problems with connecting the power supply, there were great difficulties in rural areas, for PON there are no such problems.

The splitter can be hung on any wall or power line support and even placed in a well, the devices are not afraid of moisture.

PON network

To make it more clear how PON technology works, we will give a diagram of how such a network is organized.

Let's explain the diagram a bit:

• The Internet provider or PBX has an OLT (in English - Optical Linear Terminal - Optical Linear Terminal) from which the distribution is taking place. Cable lines are connected to it. This is a fairly compact device in the photo below shows a rack that can serve several thousand subscribers.

• Several cables extend from each OLT, only one is shown in the diagram, for four cores. They are bred throughout the serviced area in cable ducts, along supports or in another way.

Due to the high power of lasers, the cable length can reach up to 60 kilometers, although manufacturers usually guarantee a high-quality signal at a distance of up to 20 km, but this is quite enough for an average city.

• A splitter is hung on each core (in the diagram, these are boxes labeled Spliter), from them there are branches either to other splitters, or directly to customers. The diagram shows a split into two cables at the top and four at the bottom, but the signal can also branch to large quantity cables, although multi-output devices are usually rarely used.

• After the first splitter, several more can be installed.
• At the end of the line, the subscriber has an ONU (on English language Optical Network Unit - Optical Network Unit) it can also be called ONT (in English Optical Network Terminal - Optical Network Terminal) to which you can connect a LAN cable. Sometimes the device is called an optical modem.

• In addition to LAN connections, ONUs almost always have telephone sockets, since almost always a PON connection provides a package of services: Internet, telephone, television.

As can be seen from the diagram, the network can be easily developed without high costs. For example, in the upper part, instead of the first ONU, install another splitter, to which two subscribers can already be connected. You can also replace two-channel splitters with four-channel ones, such as those at the bottom of the diagram.

What problems can a regular PON user have?

Our article, as we said above, is not designed for specialists, they already know perfectly well how to connect a fiber optic cable and set up equipment. When connecting to a PON for the first time, providers also usually provide assistance (but more often for a fee, so doing everything yourself can save money) with setting up equipment and networks.

How does the connection usually work?

• Contact the provider and write a statement, if necessary, make an advance payment.
• After a while, several network installers appear at your entrance. As a rule, these are not employees of the Internet provider company, but third-party contractors. They drill holes in the wall in your hallway, run a fiber optic cable from the switchboard in the entrance to the apartment, weld it and install an optical outlet near the entrance.

• Next, the provider's servicemen appear, who hang up an optical modem (usually it is provided for rent), connect it with a cable to an outlet, and then set it up. The Internet is already in the house, it remains to distribute it.

The process is approximately the same in a private house, although the switchboards will either be located on the poles of power lines (electrical communications), in wells, or not at all, and the subscriber cable will be connected from a separate splitter.

These three steps cannot be completed on your own, only if you are hired by a provider. In addition, under the contracts, the networks up to the boundaries of home ownership or even to the outlet are serviced by the Internet provider for free (if not damaged intentionally), after the separation boundaries, the lines are considered the property of the client and all costs for their operation are transferred to him.

Connecting ONT in an apartment

The figure below shows a standard scheme for connecting devices to an optical terminal. We will immediately analyze its implementation with our own hands, then we will tell you how you can adjust it depending on the capabilities of the equipment, and how to improve it.

Please note that you will have to deal with optics the least, it is enough to know how to connect a fiber optic cable to a modem, and all other networks are ordinary wired.

Standard service connection

We will describe in detail all the nodes of the circuit, since not everything may be clear to a specialist.

• The optical socket, as in most cases, is located near the entrance to the hallway. It is connected to the switchboard with a welded optical cable, which was mounted during installation.
• The socket with the terminal is also connected with an optical cable, but it is connected to the connectors. This is a patch cord (this is the name of any fiber-optic and wire connecting cables, we will continue to use this term) as a rule, purchased.

• A regular telephone cable is used to connect to the telephone. Instead of a telephone socket, it is connected to the ONT socket, which corresponds to a standard telephone socket, and is laid around the apartment to the place where the device is located.

• To connect with a stationary computer, a twisted pair cable (LAN cable) is laid around the apartment, which is connected to the corresponding ONT and PC connectors. The connection is similar to connecting through a regular switch.
• In order to connect a laptop, Wi Fi is used; for this, a router is placed next to the terminal. In the diagram, it is designated as a PPPoE/Wi-Fi router. It also connects to the ONT using a twisted pair cable.

• The last connection is a TV, for this a digital television receiver is placed next to it (on the Set Top Box diagram, this is the English designation of the device). To connect the receiver to the ONT, twisted pair is again used, with the TV standard HDMI, SCART or Composite (bells) connectors that connect any video devices.

Now let's move on to how to implement this scheme:

• To connect to an outlet, it is best to use a ready-made optical patch cord. Such a wire of small length is easy to purchase at any store. You can make it yourself by purchasing a fiber optic cable and connectors, we will talk about this below when we describe how to move the terminal further from the outlet.
• Next, we connect the phone - for this, you can also buy a ready-made wire of the desired length with connectors. If it is difficult to choose the length, but you don’t want to make a stock, we make it ourselves.

For the manufacture we need:

• special crimping (crimper) for RJ11 - 14 connectors or universal (it will also help with crimping twisted pairs);
• cable of required length;
• RJ 11 or 14 plugs (they cost a penny);
• insulation cleaning tool (nippers knife).

Advice. Do not buy a four-core cable for the RJ14 standard; 2 cores are enough for standard devices.

• We remove the top insulation from the wire, for this you can use a knife or wire cutters or crimper blades (if any).
• We expose the upper insulation by 6-8 millimeters, do not touch the insulation of individual conductors.
• We push them into the body until it stops. Moreover, if we use, as we have already said, a two-wire wire, then the conductors must lie in the sockets of the two central contacts. Which side is red and which side is green is not important, despite the fact that there is a wiring diagram for these connectors, it is not necessary to follow it, telephone sets are not sensitive to polarity.

• Then we insert the connector into the crimper, it should correctly lie in the corresponding socket and squeeze its handles. The bar will slide inward, the knives will cut through the core insulation and securely connect the contacts.

Advice. You can try to crimp the connector without a crimper. To do this, having installed the wires, use a screwdriver with a sharply sharpened tip to press the knives individually, and then the bar to secure the wire inside. The work must be done carefully, however, the plugs themselves cost a penny, so you can break a few pieces before you can achieve a normal result.

Another phone can be connected using standard short patch cords. To do this, we install sockets near the phone and ONT.

The conductors in them are usually clamped with terminals. In this case, you need to connect the 2nd and 3rd contacts (the red and green wires are suitable for them, as well as in the telephone cable). This approach is even more convenient.

• We connect the computer using a twisted pair cable. As in the case of a telephone, you can try to find a ready-made cable of the desired length or purchase a twisted pair cable and a plug. Crimping occurs in the same way, but with one feature, before installing the conductors in the sockets, you need to develop the ends of the conductors and arrange them in the correct order, it is shown in the figure below.

When preparing a LAN line, do not forget one more feature - twisted pairs have different throughput, in order to fully realize the possibilities of optical connection, you need to choose category 5 cables, they provide gigabit speed.

• Then we connect the television receiver and the Wi Fi router, everything is exactly the same as for the computer - we extend the twisted pair cable, which we plug into the appropriate connectors. For the latter, if it is located as in the diagram, it is easier to use a ready-made short patch cord. The router will need to be configured, as described in its instruction manual.

Circuit Simplification

The standard scheme is designed for the use of components with minimal functionality. But modern devices have advanced features, we will tell you how to use them.

• As a rule, almost all ONTs can distribute Wi-Fi, so you can refuse a router.
• TVs with the "Smart TV" function also most often have a LAN input and they do not need a receiver.

• If you use a radiotelephone, then its base station can be placed next to the terminal and not pull the telephone wire through the house. Moreover, for many, and so the devices are in the hallway where the digital outlet is most often mounted.

In general, using a Wi-Fi connection, you can refuse wires, except for telephone. Many TVs include a wireless network reception module, and for desktop computer you can buy a receiver that plugs into either a USB connector or is installed on the motherboard in PCI slots.

True, when connected via Wi-Fi, you will not be able to achieve high speeds, which involves connecting the Internet through a fiber optic cable. Wireless network capabilities are limited and depend on the distance to the router and the presence of obstacles (walls).

Schema enhancements

Now let's talk about the possibilities of improving the scheme. Much more can be offered. It is difficult to systematically give options and describe them all, but we will try.

Phone line

Let's start with the simplest - a telephone, in a house there may be more than one device in the office, as in the diagram, but several, in the bedroom, in the kitchen, in the living room. An optical modem most often has only one RJ 11 (RJ 14) connector. Therefore, the line from it will have to be branched; this can be done in three ways.

1. In the place necessary for branching, install a telephone splitter - a box with three outputs for RJ connectors. As an option - install a double outlet. This option may even be preferable, since later, in case of breakdowns, turning off sections, it will be easy to find a damaged line.
2. Install any suitable terminal box at the separation point and bifurcate the line with it.
3. Connect another one to the telephone cable by soldering or twisting.

router

A router installed in the hallway may not provide a clear signal (the weaker it is, the lower the data transfer rate) throughout the apartment or house, especially if the building area is large. It is advisable to move it closer to the center of housing. True, this option is not possible if Wi-Fi is distributed by the terminal itself. Alternatively, install a signal amplifier (repeater) closer to the center.

LAN lines

Due to the location of the fiber optic terminal, twisted-pair lines are long. Although the signal in them does not attenuate much, it is more convenient to lay it all the same from the center, especially if the house has a lot of equipment connected to the network. The best option, of course, would be to move the ONT terminal itself to the center, but this may not work (more on that below).

But there is one more possibility - we transfer the router to the center, as we said above, and do the rest of the wiring from it. Almost all models of these devices, in addition to distributing Wi-Fi, have at least four LAN ports per output and work like switches.

Also, in the standard scheme, the laptop is supposed to be connected only via a wireless network. But we have already said that Wi-Fi does not fully realize the high-speed data transfer capabilities that an optical terminal provides. Therefore, it is advisable to extend a twisted pair cable to connect it to those places (living room, bedroom, kitchen) where you most often use a laptop.

A television

As we have already said, modern TVs with the “smart” function have twisted pair (LAN) connectors and a Wi-Fi receiver allow you to abandon the receiver altogether. It is correct to call such devices not even TVs, but monoblock computers with the functionality of a TV.

If the TV supports high-definition video or even 3D, it is still better to connect via LAN (due to the possible reduction in speed over the wireless channel). Also for such devices, if a receiver is still used, then it is better to connect it to a TV to ensure video quality not through the SCART or Composite connectors shown in the diagram, but through HDMI or at least DVI.

Another feature today in the house is usually not one TV, but several. How to connect them?

If you need high quality then you have to pull a twisted pair cable to each, if not, then you can get by with Wi-Fi. Even if the TV or receiver itself does not support this technology, the wireless adapter costs less than $10.

In this subsection of the article, we will also answer the frequently asked question - how to connect the optical cable of the TV to the receiver?

In principle, there are receivers that are directly connected to the optical network, but they are mainly used for broadcasting in cable networks, that is, for professional use. All home digital television receivers are connected, as we described above.

Backup power

The disadvantage of modern high-tech communication lines and not only optical ones is that the terminal devices require connection to the electrical network.

If the old telephone could work from the voltage supplied from the PBX through the wires, then the device connected to the terminal is completely dependent on its power supply. That is, if the lights go out in your house, you will not be able to receive and receive calls. Therefore, consider a backup power supply for the optical modem.

Given that the power consumption of an ONT is usually within 15-20 watts, any uninterruptible power supply unit is suitable for this purpose (the abbreviation UPS is accepted - an uninterruptible power supply).

For example, if an uninterruptible power supply has a battery with a capacity of 9 A / h, then it will be able to provide you with communication for 6-7 hours. During this time, the mains usually repair the damage. For rural areas where power outages are longer, a unit with a larger battery can be selected.

It is advisable, in addition to the optical modem, to connect to the UPS and wifi router. Then, in the event of a power outage, you will have not only a telephone connection, but also the Internet, provided that the batteries of your laptop, tablet or smartphone are charged.

Transfer of ONT terminal

As we have already said, the location of the modem at the front door is not optimal, it is desirable to place it closer to the center of the apartment in order to improve Wi-Fi communication and reduce the length of wired lines.

Of course, transferring the device can be problematic:

• perhaps the provider does not allow the modem to move independently;
• subscriber optical cable is quite demanding on laying conditions, does not like bending under a small radius, it needs to be additionally protected.

But sometimes it is still desirable to rearrange the modem, especially in large apartments with several levels. Let's consider how this can be done, more precisely, how to extend the optical cable.

There are several options:

• Use an optical cable with connectors corresponding to the connectors in the socket and modem (a kind of patch cord) of great length. The most acceptable option, however, such cables are not found on sale, but you can make it yourself. In addition, with this approach, there are no problems with the provider.
• Extend fiber with connectors. Below we will see how this can be done. But note that the signal loss with this method will be greater than with the first option.
• Weld cable fiber. In fact, it is not so difficult, and we will also look at how this is done. The only problem is that welding machine costs several thousand dollars and is not worth buying for the sake of one or two joints. Although if you are going to continue building optical networks at a professional level ...

You can also borrow equipment from a friend or rent for a day.

By the way, sometimes they ask whether it is possible to install two ONTs in one apartment. In principle, it is possible, but unlike telephones, they cannot work in parallel, you will have to pay for two personal accounts. So this choice only makes sense if you need uninterrupted Internet and it is possible to connect to the Internet through a fiber optic cable from different providers.

By the way, a similar scheme, though wired, is implemented at my house. Through a DSL modem, I am connected to the Republican provider Beltelecom, from which I chose a tariff without a monthly fee. The second connection via twisted pair to the server of the local provider (the director of the enterprise is a neighbor and friend), where the Internet is free. If someone has a breakdown, then I can easily switch to a reserve.

To help, we also offer a video connection of an optical cable:

Connecting and connecting optical cables

All the work that is described below is usually done by craftsmen for a decent fee, although as you can see, they are quite simple with the equipment and tools. In my opinion, mastering the connection of optics is as easy as the correct soldering of the usual copper wires.

True, such a need rarely arises, but we will look with an eye to the future, perhaps soon fiber will replace copper everywhere, and end devices will connect to it directly, and not through ONT.

Installing optical connectors

Consider how the most common SC type connectors are mounted. The vast majority of modems and sockets use this type. For installation, we need a set of special tools and materials.

Although it costs decently, it is still cheaper than an optical fiber splicer. Such sets are usually supplied with detailed instructions, so we will give an approximate order of operations for review.

The steps for installing the connector on the cable are as follows:

1. We remove the insulation with special wire cutters - a stripper. This tool has calibrated clearances between cutting edges allowing you to remove the layers one by one without damaging the fiber itself.
2. Then the Kevlar fiber is cut, which reinforces the wire sheath. Doing this with ordinary scissors will not work because of its great strength. You will need stronger blades, which are most often found in a stripper.
3. Then a part of the connector is put on, which will fix it on the cable.
4. Then, with a special composition or simply alcohol wipes, the hydrophobic coating on the glass fiber itself is removed.
5. Next, glue is prepared and drawn into the syringe, which will fix the fiber in the connector. A strictly measured amount of it is introduced into the channel, into which a bare optical fiber is then threaded.
6. After the glue has hardened special tool fiber optic is broken.
7. Then its end is polished.
8. In conclusion, the rest of the connector is put on, and it is crimped with a special crimp.

Connecting optical fiber with a mechanical connector

This method is simpler than the previous one, pieces of fiber optic cable are taken, with industrially mounted connectors (pigtails), and joined mechanical connector. The disadvantage of the method is the signal loss on the connections, it is comparable to the decrease in light intensity in the connectors themselves (it is clear that you cannot refuse the connectors). So it's better to either weld or mount the fiber into the connector.

Interesting. Pigtail is translated from English as "pig's tail", a fairly apt comparison.

Using the example of the SNR-Link connector, we will describe the performance of the work.

• The cable is stripped of insulation and chipped off.
• The ends of the stripped cable are inserted into the connector.

• Then the latch fixing the joint is simply pressed.

This is where the work ends. As you can see in the photo below, the test of this connection shows a loss of 0.028 dB, this is commensurate with the losses in the connector, although according to the passport data, losses up to 0.04 dB are allowed for the connector. By the way, the device is reusable.

wire welding

As we have already said, it is best to weld wires or pigtails, this is also not difficult, the whole problem is only in the cost of the device. We will show how welding occurs in stages.

• The device turns on and performs a self-test.

• Next, enter the type of cable to be welded. Moreover, for this it is not necessary to professionally understand all types of fiber optic conductors, we simply enter the marking indicated either on the package or on the insulation surface itself.

• Then, having removed the outer protective layer with any suitable tool, we install the wire in a special holder. Before that, do not forget to put on the KDZS sleeve (a set of parts for protecting the welded joint), which will then close the welding site.

• Then the holder is placed in the thermal stripper of the device, and it turns on. The insulation is removed by heating, with much less risk of damaging the fiber than with conventional mechanical exposure.

• The lid closes and the thermal stripper starts up. He cleans the wire himself.

• Further, without removing the wire from the holder, we wipe it with alcohol (a round container with a swab is located on the top cover of the device) to remove the hydrophobic coating and install it in the cleaver. The holder in it, as in the stripper, is attached to a magnet. The chipping goes away when the lid is closed. Fiber scraps fall into a special container so as not to get lost (it is easy to drive a thin, almost invisible fiber under the skin, but it is difficult to remove it later).

Attention. Be very careful with fiber optic waste, they should not be lost, as they can be harmful to health. It is especially dangerous if pieces of glass wire get into the respiratory tract.

• When the two wires are prepared, without removing them from the holders, we install them directly under the welding electrodes.

• We start the welding process. The machine aligns and centers the fibers and splices them in less than ten seconds.

At the end of welding, the device shows the result - what losses will be at this joint. In the image below, they are highlighted with an oval, only 0.01 dB.

• It remains to case the KZDS sleeve, for this it is put on the junction (we first remove the holders) and the wire is placed in the furnace.

The process also takes a few seconds. We remove the finished welded fiber optic cable from the oven (carefully, it will be hot).

As you can see, everything is quite simple, if you don’t have crooked hands, you can quickly learn how to weld optical fibers just by reading the manual for the welding machine (our article is also suitable) or get a 10-minute briefing. I note that it is much more difficult to quickly acquire the skills of connecting conventional wires using a soldering iron and solder.

We hope that our article told everything about the optical cable, how to connect it, connect it, coordinate the operation of the fiber optic modem with other devices. Even if you are not going to mount networks or connectors yourself, knowing how this is done, you can find the cause of breakdowns and ways to fix them. Let the Internet in your home always be fast and uninterrupted.