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The Republic of Karelia is the land of lakes and rivers! Completed by: student of MAOU lyceum No. 21 4 "B" class Orchikova Tatiana Class teacher: Naumycheva Lyubov Vitalievna

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Have you been to Karelia, Where the grasses spread like a carpet, And where the lakes turn blue in the distance, Shimmering with silver. Where the waves of the boundless Ladoga are flying to the shore in bulk, The waterfalls tell us about unsolved mysteries. Where the bronze pines stood like an impenetrable wall... Have you ever been to Karelia? Not? So travel with me! I.I. Shishkin. Balaam. A.I. Kuindzhi. Ladoga lake.

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The Republic of Karelia is located in the northwestern part of Russia, in the taiga - a zone of coniferous forests. The western side of Karelia on the border of the Russian Federation and Finland. In the east, Karelia borders on the Arkhangelsk region, in the south - on the Vologda and Leningrad regions, in the north - on Murmansk region. It is washed by the White Sea in the northeast.

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Flag of the Republic of Karelia The flag of the Republic of Karelia consists of three equal horizontal stripes - red, blue and green. The red color in it symbolizes the spilled blood, Blue - the Karelian rivers and lakes, Green - the forests of Karelia.

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Coat of arms of Karelia The coat of arms of the Republic of Karelia is a shield of the Varangian type. Against the background of the flag of Karelia, an angry, black bear standing in profile is depicted. The golden frame of the shield is an image of spruce and pine. At the top of the shield is an eight-pointed golden star, symbolizing eternity, prosperity and happiness.

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Anthem of the Republic of Karelia Composer: A. Beloborodov. Authors of the text: Armas Mishin and Ivan Kostin Native land - Karelia! Ancient wise land. Fraternal tribes are one family, Karelia! Ring, lakes, and sing, taiga! Native land, you are dear to me. High on your hills I stand And I sing a song for your glory. Native land - Karelia! You are forever given to me by fate. Hello forever, my country, Karelia! Heroes of epics among the forests and mountains They still live on our land. Go, song! Kantele, sing louder In the name of the holy Karelian land! Native land - Karelia! Runes and epics melody alive. I see your radiant dawn, Karelia! I see your radiant dawn, Karelia!

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The city of Petrozavodsk is the capital of the Republic of Karelia In 1703, the great Russian Tsar Peter I created a factory in these parts to melt cannons. The city of Petrozavodsk is located on the shores of Lake Onega.

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Sights of the Republic of Karelia Karelia is popular among TOURISTS There are 27 thousand RIVERS and about 60 thousand LAKES on the territory of the Republic of Karelia. This is the FIRST RESORT in Russia, founded in 1719. decree of Peter I

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A section of the lower Suna River, now dehydrated by the construction of a dam. In this area, once there were grandiose rapids-waterfalls Girvas and Poor-threshold. So far, only the Kivach waterfall (10 m) has survived, which is now the second largest flat waterfall in Europe. Waterfall Kivach

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The highest point of western Karelia is Vottovaara. Another name for the mountain is "Death Mountain". This mountain keeps many secrets: numerous "seids" (stone structures), bizarre trees, a stone pool, circular masonry of stones, a staircase "carved" into the rock. Vottovaara is the most mysterious mountain in Karelia.

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Lake Ladoga is the largest freshwater lake in Europe. Located on the territory of Karelia and the Leningrad region. 32 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and only one flows out of it - the Neva. Many rivers connect Ladoga with other lakes, so through the Svir River - with Onega. The lake is rich in islands. These are the famous Ladoga skerries - the most beautiful necklace of islands, which are separated by straits and channels.

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Valaam - the largest ISLAND in Lake Ladoga - historical and architectural natural museum reserve. The village of Valaam and the Valaam Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery are located on the island. The monastery is one of the main shrines of Orthodoxy. The history of its origin goes back to the 1st century, when Andrew the First-Called visited Valaam.

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Natural wonders of Karelia: Ruskeala marble canyon. In Karelia, in the village of Ruskeala, on the banks of the Tokhmajoki River, there is a mountain park "Ruskeala". The main attraction of this park is the amazingly beautiful marble canyon. Stretched in length for almost 500 meters and a width of 100 meters. The Tokhmajoki River is one of the largest tributaries of Lake Ladoga. It has many rapids and waterfalls. The largest of them is the Ahvenkoski waterfall. The name of the waterfall is Finnish, but among the locals there is a name “waterfall at three bridges”.

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Lake Onega is considered the second largest in Europe after Ladoga. Almost fifty rivers carry their waters to Lake Onega, and only one flows out of it - the Svir River. There are more than 1.5 thousand islands in Lake Onega. On the shores of the lake there are several dozen marinas, as well as ports.

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Kizhi Island is the main attraction of Lake Onega. The State Historical, Architectural and Ethnographic Museum-Reserve is called “Kizhi”. There are 89 monuments of wooden architecture on its territory. The center of the island is the Kizhi churchyard, consisting of the summer 22-domed Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, the winter 9-domed Church of the Intercession of the Virgin and a hipped bell tower. It is amazing that all this was built without a single nail. Kizhi Pogost is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Karelia

Republic of Karelia. Population of the Republic of Karelia. Budget of the Republic of Karelia. Financing of the "Culture" branch in the first half of 2011. Quality of life index. State Institution "Center for Cultural Initiatives". CCI priorities. Agency. Project "Design Center and Craft Business Incubator". The main idea of ​​the project. The main activities of the project. handicraft manufacturing business incubator + branches in the regions. Structure in Petrozavodsk. Design Center. Seminar results. Craft incubator. Launch projects. Thank you for your attention. - Karelia.ppt

Karelian region

The Karelian land is a native land. Creation of a new tourist route on the territory of Karelia. Deepening knowledge about natural, cultural and historical monuments of Karelia. Tourist route "On the lakes of Karelia". Features of the tourist route. Route description. Accommodation point for tourists. The program of stay of tourists in Karelia. Excursion around Petrozavodsk. Petrozavodsk. Sights of Petrozavodsk. Kizhi. Onega lake. Kizhi Island. Karelian region. Kondopoga. Reserve Kivach. Waterfall Kivach. Day 5 - Sortovala city. The city of Sortovala. Valaam Island. Valaam Island is located on the northern tip of Lake Ladoga. - Karelian region.ppt

Population of Karelia

The beginning of the settlement of the territory of Karelia. The first settlements The first human settlements. Monuments. Oleneostrovsky burial ground. Oleneostrovets. Clothes of an ancient person. Neolithic. Neolithic pottery. Petroglyphs. When primitive people appeared in Karelia. Literature. - Population of Karelia.ppt

Soils of Karelia

Soils and land resources of Karelia. Soils and land resources. Soils. What soils are widespread. Soils of Karelia. The main types of soils. Podzolic soil. Peat-gley soil. Soddy-podzolic soil. Dark-colored shungite soils. Soil reclamation. The main types of land reclamation in Karelia. Put the manure thick. The main differences in soils. Correspondence between soil types. Soil name. Description of the soil section. Scheme of the drawing of the soil section. We advise you to check in practice. Resources used. About the author. - Soils of Karelia.ppt

School uniform in Karelia

Draft Decree of the Government of the Republic of Karelia. Cultivating corporate spirit. School uniform requirements. General form school uniform. Types of school uniform. Requirements for everyday school uniform. School uniform requirements. An example of a dress school uniform. School clothes. Requirements for everyday school clothes. Girls. Possible options for everyday school clothes. Requirements for ceremonial school clothes. Girls. A variant of formal school clothes. Requirements to appearance. Sportswear. School uniform in Karelia. Details. Sheer dresses. Shoes in country style. - School uniform in Karelia.ppt

Municipal services in Karelia

Organization interagency cooperation. Interdepartmental interaction. Agreement. List of typical municipal services. Draft Decree of the Government of the Republic of Karelia. Development unified system electronic document management. Maintenance. Maps of interdepartmental interaction. Routing. Regional system of interdepartmental interaction. Fulfillment of requirements. Pilot municipalities. Work on testing the necessary electronic services. Transition to the provision of state and municipal services. Republican Center. - Municipal services in Karelia.ppt

Belomorsk

Belomorsky district attractions. White Sea petroglyphs. Petroglyphs date back to the Neolithic period - IV - III millennium BC. Figure height 80 cm. Photo. Deer hunting scene Staraya Zalavruga. Deer hunting scene. Fragment Old Zalavruga. Giant deer (up to 3.5 m), whose path is crossed by a chain of large boats. Old Zalavruga. A group of skiers. A hunter on skis overtook and is pursuing a deer. A tree with a bird on top. The bird was hit by an arrow. A skier shooting a bow and arrow at an animal sitting in a tree. The beast is already hit by arrows. Fragment of a painting by Zalavrug IV. The first elk was wounded by three arrows, the last by two. - Belomorsk.ppt

Kizhi

K and OK. Kizhi. History pages. Kizhi Island. Attractions. Church of the Transfiguration. Intercession Church. Tent bell tower. Huts. Wooden chapels. Ethnographical museum. Photo gallery. Windmill on Kizhi Island. Glory to the Kizhi churchyard. View from the bell tower. Obonezhie. Kizhi churchyard. Kizhi. Kizhi. Rhythm of domes. Kizhi. Cathedral. Business card for tourists and pilgrims. Museum-reserve "Kizhi". - Kizhi.ppt

Ensemble Kizhi

Ensemble Kizhi. Ensemble Kizhi. Ensemble Kizhi. Ensemble Kizhi. Ensemble Kizhi. Ensemble Kizhi. Cultural heritage Russia. Cultural heritage. The meaning of the future. Ensemble Kizhi. Wooden fairy tale Ensemble Kizhi. Kizhi churchyard. Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord. Ensemble Kizhi. Ensemble Kizhi. Church of the Intercession of the Virgin. Ensemble Kizhi. The bell tower of the Kizhi Pogost. Mill. Elizarov's house from the village of Seredka. Church of the Resurrection of Lazarus. Chapel of Michael the Archangel. Ensemble Kizhi. - Ensemble Kizhi.ppt

Kizhi in Karelia

Kizhi. Island on Lake Onega. Locality. Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord. The church was erected on the site of the old one. The church is crowned with 22 heads. The frame of the church. Room. Bell tower. A wave of "godly renewals". The composition of the bell tower. Thursday. Temple silvered by time. Villages of the Kizhi Volost. Russian researcher A.F. Bordzynsky. Traditional crafts and economy. Men's and women's crafts. Traditional crafts recreated in the museum. Traditional economy. Coin with the image of "Kizhi" of the XVIII-XIX centuries. - Kizhi in Karelia.ppt

Church in Kizhi

Preparation for the essay "One of the sights of our region." Write an essay describing one of the attractions of our region. Karelia - Kizhi island - Kizhi architectural ensemble - Church of the Transfiguration. The purpose of the lesson: Information about the history of the creation of an architectural monument: When and for what reason was the monument erected? Who is the author of the monument? Composing plan: General view of the monument: Description of the place, nature. How does the monument fit into environment? What surprises the beholder? Final part: What impression does the monument make? What thoughts does it evoke? -

Topic: "Karelia will be a dream for a long time .."

“Karelia will dream for a long time ...” In different parts We leave a particle of the heart, In the memory carefully, Carefully, carefully keeping the meetings ... And now We could not help but fall in love - How not to love These incomparable lands! Karelia will be a dream for a long time: Will be dreaming from now on Eyelashes of spiky firs Above the blue eyes of the lakes. The white night Has silently descended on the rocks, The white glows, The white, white night all the way... And I don’t understand - Whether the sky has fallen into the lakes, And I don’t understand - Whether the lake floats in the sky ..

Geographical position. The Republic is located in the north-west of the European part of Russia, between the White Sea, Ladoga and Onega lakes. The length of the territory from north to south is 650 kilometers, from west to east - 250 kilometers. Karelia borders on Finland in the west, on the Leningrad and Vologda regions in the south, on the Arkhangelsk region in the east, and on the Murmansk region in the north. In the east it is washed by the White Sea, in the south - by the Ladoga and Onega lakes.

Relief. According to the relief, Karelia is divided into two parts: the western, occupied by the West Karelian Upland, and the eastern, lowland. If we consider the territory of the republic from a very high altitude, for example from space, then parallel dotted stripes are clearly visible, as if drawn along a ruler from northwest to southeast. Such stripes can be traced everywhere - both in the forest and in the swamp; bays and islands on lakes are "embedded" in them. These are traces of the movement of ancient glaciers that have repeatedly covered the north of Europe over the past hundreds of thousands of years. Some "dashes" of the bands are elongated hills smoothed by the glacier; most often, their northwestern ends are formed by ancient crystalline rocks, and the southeastern ones are formed by loose sand. Other "lines" are hollows plowed in the distant past by a glacier and now occupied by lakes and swamps.

Lake District. Karelia is truly a country of lakes. There are more than 40 thousand of them here, from small ones, several meters in diameter, to such huge ones as Ladoga and Onega. Lakes occupy about 20% of the total area of ​​the republic. The "blue eyes" of Karelia are its wealth. The lakes are clean, full of water, amazingly beautiful and, moreover, abound in fish. In Onega and Ladoga, they are engaged in industrial fishing: they catch pike perch, vendace, whitefish, burbot, smelt, perch. The shores of these lakes are very picturesque in the north, where they are indented by bays. Granite ledges processed and smoothed by the glacier divide the water area into deep and winding bays. Rocky islands and shores covered with pine forests create a unique landscape.

Waterfall Kivach. The Kivach waterfall is the second largest, after the Rhine, flat waterfall in Europe. The height of the water fall is 10.7 m. It is located on the Suna River in the central part of Karelia. The most famous waterfall in Karelia. With the light hand of G.R. Derzhavin, the first governor of Olonets and an outstanding poet, who dedicated the famous ode “Waterfall” to him in 1791, Kivach took a prominent place in the work of many poets, artists, prose writers.

Waterfall Kivach. The fate of this waterfall is quite unusual - after the withdrawal of part of the waters feeding it for the needs of the Kondopoga hydroelectric power station in the late 1930s, it largely lost its former savagery and subsided. Only during the spring floods does it awaken again, but not for long ... However, in its usual form, the waterfall is still beautiful. Compressed by basalt rocks, the waters of the Suna River from an eight-meter height fall down in a heavy cast stream, forming a powerful whirlpool in shreds of foam and creating an impressive noise.

Waterfall Kivach. Even 20-30 years ago, onega salmon could be seen near Kivach, but now, according to scuba divers, large breams, perches, and pikes like to stand near its steep walls. The waterfall is located in the center of the Kivach nature reserve, 60 km. from Petrozavodsk. A beautiful forest road leads to it, along which up to 30-40 thousand tourists annually come to meet it.

Karelian forests. Karelia is not only lakes and rivers, but also forests, pine and, less often, spruce. They grow almost everywhere and in 1996 they occupied about 54% of the territory of the republic. In recent decades, Karelia has become one of the largest timber suppliers in Russia, and it is often exported in large quantities abroad. The wood of the northern forest is the most valuable, so the felling began from the north of the republic. Due to the numerous swamps, which sometimes stretch for more than a dozen kilometers, in the 30-50s. 20th century the forest in the region was felled mainly in winter. Sledges and cars loaded with timber moved along winter roads - roads laid in the snow - to the only railway line that crosses Karelia from north to south. This road, built in 1916, was single-track for a long time and could not pass a lot of cargo.

Karelian forests. In hilly areas, where there are no swamps, the forest immediately reduced almost completely. The turn of the swampy regions came when equipment appeared at the felling sites and work began to be carried out year-round. Mechanisms required roads; they began to pave with wood too. In swampy places, the trunks are laid across the future route, and the so-called sloping road, or sloping road, is obtained. It is suitable for operation for only a few years, but this is enough to cut down the forest without a trace. Often, in order to get to a wooded island among the swamps, it was necessary to lay out a whole log road - a gat. It’s good if trees of less valuable species were at hand: aspen, willow, birch, alder. However, in North Karelia the forests are almost exclusively pine. Sometimes up to half of the sawn forest was left on the gati.

Martial waters. The first Russian resort, founded by Peter I in 1719. Springs with water enriched with iron have a beneficial effect on health. Near the springs in a picturesque valley between two high ridges stands the Church of the Apostle Peter, built in 1721 for the holidaymakers of the resort. It contains chiseled candlesticks made by the hands of Peter I, an original iconostasis glorifying the victory of Russian weapons in the Northern War (painting from the first quarter of the 18th century), carved wooden sculpture and other elements of the church, preserved from Peter's times.

Population. The population of Karelia is small and in 1993 it was 800 thousand inhabitants on an area of ​​172 thousand km2. A few cities and towns in Karelia are located along the banks of rivers and lakes. The capital of the republic - Petrozavodsk is located on the shore of Lake Onega. In 1703, by decree of Peter the Great, ironworks and cannon factories were built here, and in 1777 the settlement received the status of a city. Before the revolution of 1917, Petrozavodsk was a provincial city, and during the years of Soviet power, it was the capital of first a union, then an autonomous republic. It is the largest city in Karelia in terms of population (about 280 thousand inhabitants) with a developed industry.

Economy. As of the end of 2006, industry accounted for 36.6%, trade - 14%, transport - 12.5%, construction - 8.2%, agriculture - 2.6%, communications - 1.6%. The most important industries are: logging, woodworking, pulp and paper, machine building, metalworking, building materials and energy. Leading Industry Agriculture- animal husbandry, mainly dairy and beef cattle breeding, pig breeding, poultry farming. Grow fodder crops. Fur farming, fishing.

Ladoga skerries.

The ensemble of the Kizhi Pogost is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Republic of Karelia is the legal successor of the Karelian Labor Commune. The western border of Karelia coincides with the state border of the Russian Federation and Finland, has a length of 798.3 km, at the same time being the border with the European Union. In the east, Karelia borders on the Arkhangelsk region, in the south on the Vologda and Leningrad regions, in the north on the Murmansk region. The capital of the Republic of Karelia is the city of Petrozavodsk.

Geography The Republic of Karelia is located in Northern Europe, in the northwestern part of Russia, bordered by the White Sea in the northeast. The main relief of the republic is a hilly plain, turning in the west into the West Karelian Upland. The glacier, retreating to the north, greatly changed the relief of Karelia; moraine ridges, lakes, kams, lake basins appeared in many. The highest point of the Republic of Karelia is Mount Nuorunen.

Climate The weather is changeable. The climate is mild with an abundance of precipitation, changing in the territory of Karelia from maritime to temperate continental. Winter is snowy, cool, but usually without severe frosts, if frosts come, then only for a few days. Summers are short and warm, with high rainfall. Even in June, frosts sometimes occur in the republic (very rarely). Heat is rare and occurs for two or three weeks in the southern regions, but due to high humidity it is noticeable even at 20 ° C. In the northern regions, heat is extremely rare, and lasts no more than a few days.

Geology Subsoil resources of Karelia include: 489 explored deposits, 31 types of solid minerals, 386 peat deposits, 14 underground water deposits for domestic and drinking purposes, 2 deposits mineral waters, 10 officially recognized and over 200 recorded geological monuments.

Main minerals: iron ore, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, noble metals, diamonds, mica, building materials (granites, diabases, marbles), ceramic raw materials (pegmatites, spar), apatite-carbonate ores, alkaline amphibole-asbestos. granite diabase marble

As of September 1, 2004, the distributed subsoil fund in the Republic of Karelia included 606 active licenses: for precious metals and diamonds 14, solid non-common minerals 16, block stone 94, building stone for the production of crushed stone 76, other common minerals (mainly sand and gravel materials) 286, groundwater 120. More than 600 deposits have been put on the balance sheet. Of these, 378 are peat, 77 are sand and gravel materials, 38 are natural facing stones, 34 are building stones, 27 are sheet muscovite, 26 are feldspar raw materials, 21 are building sands, 13 are groundwater, 9 are milky white quartz, 8 are ore raw materials (iron ores, vanadium , tin, molybdenum), 8 clays, 7 small-sized muscovite, 3 kyanite ores, 7 mineral paints, 4 sulfur-pyrite ores, 3 raw materials for mineral wool, 1 shungite, 1 raw materials for stone casting, 1 quartzite, 1 dolomites for metallurgy, 1 talc stone.

Hydrology In Karelia, there are about rivers, of which the largest are: Vodla (length 149 km), Kem (191 km), Onda (197 km), Unga, Chirka-Kem (221 km), Kovda, Shuya, Suna with waterfalls Kivach and Vyg. In the republic near the lakes. Together with the swamps, they account for about 2000 km³ of high-quality fresh water. Ladoga and Onega are the largest lakes in Europe. Other large lakes of Karelia: Nyuk, Pyaozevro, Segozevro, Syamozevro, Topoz Euro, Vygozevro, Yushkozevro. Since the territory of Karelia is located on the Baltic Crystalline Shield, many rivers have rapids and are often dressed in stone banks.

Flora and fauna The fauna of Karelia is relatively young; it was formed after the Ice Age. In total, 63 species of mammals live on the territory of the republic, many of which, for example, the Ladoga ringed seal, flying squirrel and brown earflap, are listed in the Red Book. On the rivers of Karelia, you can see the huts of European and Canadian beavers. The Canadian beaver, as well as the muskrat, the American mink are acclimatized representatives of the fauna of North America.

The raccoon dog is also not a native inhabitant of Karelia, it comes from the Far East. From the end of the 1900s, wild boars began to appear, and roe deer entered the southern regions. There is a bear, lynx, badger and wolf. 285 species of birds live in Karelia, of which 36 species are listed in the Red Book of Karelia. The most common birds are finches. There is upland game hazel grouse, black grouse, white partridges, capercaillie. Every spring geese come to Karelia from warm countries. common predator birds: owls, hawks, golden eagles, marsh harriers. There are also 40 pairs of rare white-tailed eagles. Of the waterfowl: ducks, loons, waders, many gulls and the largest diving duck in Karelia, the common eider, valuable for its warm down. There are only 5 species of reptiles on the territory of the republic: common viper, already, godwit, viviparous lizard and agile lizard.

Just like the fauna, the flora of Karelia was formed relatively recently, 1015 thousand years ago. Coniferous forests predominate, pine forests to the north, both pine and spruce forests to the south. Main conifers: Scotch pine and Scotch spruce. Less common are Finnish spruce (north of the republic), Siberian spruce (east), extremely rare Siberian larch (in Zaonezhie, in the areas bordering the Arkhangelsk region). Small-leaved species are widespread in the forests of Karelia, these are: downy birch, warty birch, aspen, gray alder, and some types of willow. Black alder is found mainly in the southern regions of Karelia, less often in the central, usually in small groups in the valleys of rivers and streams, on the banks of lakes and in wet, swampy places (its separate locations are also in the northern regions of the republic), and small-leaved linden, rough elm, smooth elm, Norway maple grow mainly in the undergrowth, as individual trees or clumps in areas with the most fertile soils in southern Karelia. Karelia is the land of berries, lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, cranberries grow in abundance here, both wild and wild raspberries grow in the forests, sometimes moving from village gardens. Strawberries and currants grow abundantly in the south of the republic. In the forests, juniper is common, bird cherry and buckthorn are not uncommon. Occasionally there is a red viburnum. In the extreme southwest of the republic (in the northwestern Ladoga region), common hazel is also very rare.

Black alder is found mainly in the southern regions of Karelia, less often in the central, usually in small groups in the valleys of rivers and streams, on the banks of lakes and in wet, swampy places (its separate locations are also in the northern regions of the republic), and small-leaved linden, rough elm, smooth elm, Norway maple grow mainly in the undergrowth, as individual trees or clumps in areas with the most fertile soils in southern Karelia. Karelia is the land of berries, lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, cranberries grow in abundance here, both wild and wild raspberries grow in the forests, sometimes moving from village gardens. Strawberries and currants grow abundantly in the south of the republic. In the forests, juniper is common, bird cherry and buckthorn are not uncommon. Occasionally there is a red viburnum. In the extreme south-west of the republic (in the north-western Ladoga region), common hazel is also very rare.

There are two reserves in Karelia: "Kivach" and "Kostomukshsky", as well as the Kem-Ludsky section of the Kandalaksha Reserve. Ecological routes are laid on their territories, there are museums of nature, and scientific tourism is carried out. There are three national parks in the republic: Vodlozersky (partially located in the Arkhangelsk region), Paanajärvi and Kalevalsky.

There are also two reserve museums: "Valaam" and "Kizhi". The Ladoga Skerries Park is at the design and development stage. In addition, in the 2000s, it was planned to create the Tulos National Parks in the Muezersky District and the Koitajoki-Tolvayarvi National Parks based on the Tolvayarvi Landscape Reserve in the Suojärvi District, north of Ladoga.