Moscow refinery (JSC "Gazpromneft-MNPZ") - an oil refinery of Gazprom Neft - is one of the largest refineries in the country in terms of oil refining.

About MNPZ

For many years, the Moscow Oil Refinery has been confidently defending its position as a leader in the production of diesel fuel, high-octane gasoline, and road bitumen. Naturally, the plant has a significant impact on the overall economic situation in the region, as it is the largest taxpayer in the Moscow region. The organization is rightfully considered one of the most successful and promising in the capital due to the fact that it fully provides a third of the fuel market with its own products.

At the moment, the range of products manufactured by the plant includes 30 items, among them:

• motor gasoline;
• diesel fuel;
• jet fuel;
• aviation fuel;
• domestic liquefied gas;
• road bitumen;
• oils and fuel oil;
• combustible gases;
• petroleum coke and others.

The material and technical support of the enterprise testifies to the serious approach of the management to the production process. Each stage of oil refining is accompanied by the use of modernized installations and innovative technologies. At the disposal of the employees of the institution there are modern installations for the distillation of oil and gasoline, reforming and catalytic cracking, hydrotreatment of gasoline fractions, flare and combined installations.

Continuous research aimed at improving efficiency production processes are carried out simultaneously in 6 laboratories of Moscow Refinery:

• Oil testing and research;
• Research of various fuels and bitumen;
• Studies of gases and sulfur;
• Control of commodity products of oil refining;
• Chemical Research Wastewater and atmospheric air;
• Workflow monitoring.

Since 2011, Gazprom Neft has been carrying out a comprehensive modernization of the Moscow Oil Refinery with a total cost of more than 250 billion rubles. The plant consistently gets rid of obsolete production facilities and actively introduces modern industrial complexes. Thanks to the implemented projects, the company has already reduced the impact on environment. The goal of modernization is to achieve better standards efficient production and environmental safety.

Official site

More detailed information information about the activities of the Moscow Oil Refinery can be found on its official website.

Here you can also get acquainted with the history of the company, legislative framework, regulating its functioning, see reports on the work done, read the latest news.

In addition, in the special section "Career" you can see a list of vacancies and get acquainted with the provisions of existing programs to attract young professionals.

Contacts MNPZ: address, phone, official website

LUKOIL has four refineries in Russia (in Perm, Volgograd, Nizhny Novgorod and Ukhta), three refineries in Europe (Italy, Romania, Bulgaria), and LUKOIL also owns a 45% stake in refineries in the Netherlands. The refinery's total capacity is 84.6 mmt, which is practically the same as the Company's oil production in 2018.

The Company's refineries have modern conversion and refining facilities and produce a wide range of high-quality petroleum products. In terms of technological level of capacity and efficiency indicators, Russian plants surpass the average Russian level, and the Company's European plants are not inferior to competitors and are located close to key sales markets.

Oil refining at own refineries in 2018

Modernization

The company completed a large-scale investment cycle in 2016 with the commissioning of the largest vacuum gas oil deep processing complex in Russia at the Volgograd Refinery.

The implementation of the program made it possible to increase the environmental class of produced motor fuels to Euro-5, as well as to significantly increase the share of high value-added petroleum products in the produced basket.

Russian refineries

Commissioning of new processing units in 2015–2016, optimization of secondary process loading and expansion of the raw material mix allowed to significantly improve the product mix and reduce the share of fuel oil and vacuum gas oil in favor of increasing the share of light oil products.

OIL REFINING AT REFINERS IN RUSSIA IN 2018

In 2018, work continued to increase the depth of processing through the use of alternative raw materials and additional loading of secondary processes, including through deepening inter-factory integration.

Volgograd Refinery

Located in the southern region of Russia

Processes a mixture of light West Siberian and Lower Volga oils

Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Samara-Tikhoretsk oil pipeline

Finished products are shipped by rail, river and by car

The main conversion processes are coking units (2 units with a capacity of 24.0 thousand barrels per day), hydrocracking units (with a capacity of 67.0 thousand barrels per day)

* Excluding unused capacities (1.2 million tons since 2015).

Factory history

The plant was commissioned in 1957 and became part of LUKOIL in 1991. In the early 2000s a gasoline blending station and an oil discharge rack, diesel fuel hydrotreating units, straight-run gasoline stabilization and gas fractionation of saturated hydrocarbon gases were put into operation.

In 2004-2010 the first stage of the coke calcination unit, the isomerization unit, and the catalytic reforming unit were put into operation. The vacuum block of the AVT-6 unit was reconstructed and put into operation. The production of diesel fuel under the EKTO brand has begun.

In 2010-2014 modernization of diesel fuel hydrotreatment was completed, a hydrogen concentration unit, a delayed coking unit, a diesel fuel hydrotreatment unit, and the second line of the coke calcination unit were put into operation.

In 2015, the ELOU-AVT-1 primary oil refining unit was put into operation, which makes it possible to increase the refining efficiency and increase the oil refining capacity to 15.7 million tons per year.

In 2016, a complex for deep processing of vacuum gas oil was put into operation. The capacity of Russia's largest Vacuum Gas Oil Deep Processing Complex is 3.5 million tons per year. It was built in record short time- for 3 years. The complex also included installations for the production of hydrogen and sulfur, industrial facilities.

In 2017, the hydrocracking unit, built in 2016, was successfully brought to the design mode. This made it possible to significantly improve the refinery's oil product basket by replacing vacuum gas oil with high value-added products, primarily Euro-5 class diesel fuel.

In 2018, the Volgograd Refinery developed a technology for the production of low-sulfur dark marine fuel that meets the promising requirements of MARPOL.

Perm refinery

• Oil refinery of fuel and oil and petrochemical profile

  Located 9 km from the city of Perm

  Processes a mixture of oils from fields in the north of the Perm region and Western Siberia

  Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Surgut-Polotsk and Kholmogory-Klin oil pipelines

  Finished products are shipped by rail, road and river transport, as well as via the Perm-Andreevka-Ufa oil product pipeline

  The main conversion processes are T-Star hydrocracking units (65.2 thousand barrels per day), catalytic cracking (9.3 thousand barrels per day), coking units (56.0 thousand barrels per day)

Factory history

The plant was put into operation in 1958, and in 1991 it became part of LUKOIL. In the 1990s the plant implemented a program for the reconstruction of the coking unit, built a unit for vacuum distillation of fuel oil, created the production of oils, put into operation a unit for the utilization of hydrogen sulfide and the production of sulfuric acid.

In the 2000s a complex for deep oil refining, an isomerization unit were commissioned, the AVT units were reconstructed and the atmospheric unit of the AVT-4 unit was upgraded. In 2008, the refinery's capacity was increased to 12.6 million tons per year.

In 2011-2014 the capacity of the delayed coking unit was increased to 1 million tons per year, the diesel fuel hydrotreatment unit was modernized, and the technical re-equipment of the vacuum unit of the AVT-4 unit was completed.

In 2015, the Oil Residue Processing Complex was put into operation, which made it possible to switch to an oil-free scheme and increase the yield of light oil products, and the construction of a power unit with an installed capacity of 200 MW was also completed. In 2016, the reconstruction of the Diesel Fuel Hydrodearomatization Unit of the Hydrocracking Unit was completed.

In 2017, a fuel oil discharge rack with a capacity of up to 1 million tons per year was put into operation. The overpass increased inter-factory integration and made it possible to provide the oil residue processing complex and the bitumen production unit of the Perm Refinery with heavy oil feedstock from the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery.

In 2018, the Perm Refinery commissioned an infrastructure for receiving fuel oil, which made it possible to increase the load on delayed coker units and improve inter-factory optimization within the Group.

Nizhny Novgorod Refinery

Oil refinery fuel and oil profile

Located in Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Region

Processes a mixture of oils from Western Siberia and Tatarstan

Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Almetyevsk-Nizhny Novgorod and Surgut-Polotsk oil pipelines

Finished products are shipped by rail, road and river transport, as well as by pipeline

The main conversion processes are a catalytic cracking unit (80.0 thousand barrels per day), a visbreaking unit (42.2 thousand barrels per day)

Factory history

The plant was commissioned in 1958 and became part of LUKOIL in 2001.

In the 2000s AVT-5 units and oil hydrotreating units were reconstructed. A catalytic reforming unit and a gasoline isomerization unit were put into operation, and the AVT-6 atmospheric unit was upgraded. The hydrotreating unit was reconstructed, which made it possible to start producing diesel fuel according to the Euro-5 standard. In 2008, a tar visbreaking unit with a capacity of 2.4 million tons/year was put into operation, which contributed to an increase in the production of vacuum gas oil and a decrease in the production of heating oil. In 2010, a catalytic cracking complex for vacuum gas oil was put into operation, thanks to which the production of high-octane gasoline and diesel fuel was increased. The diesel fuel hydrotreating unit was reconstructed.

In 2011-2014 a hydrofluoric alkylation unit was put into operation, the reconstruction of AVT-5 was completed. In 2015, Catalytic Cracking Complex 2 and Vacuum Unit VT-2 were put into operation. In 2016, the commodity basket was expanded.

In 2017, the production of EKTO 100 premium gasoline with improved performance properties began. Also, a final investment decision was made on the construction of a delayed coking complex with a capacity of 2.1 million tons per year in terms of raw materials. The raw material for the complex will be heavy oil refining residues, and the main types of products will be diesel fuel, straight-run gasoline and gas fractions, as well as dark oil products - vacuum gas oil and coke. The construction of the complex and related optimization measures will increase the yield of light oil products at the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery by more than 10%. The increase in recycling capacity, along with optimization of the plant's load, will significantly reduce the output of fuel oil.

In 2018, the Nizhny Novgorod Refinery began construction of a delayed coking complex, signed EPC contracts with contractors, and began preparing the pile field and foundations for the complex’s units. The increase in recycling capacity, along with optimization of the plant's load, will reduce the production of fuel oil by 2.7 million tons per year.

Ukhta refinery

Located in the central part of the Komi Republic

Processes a mixture of oils from the fields of the Komi Republic

Oil is supplied to the refinery via the Usa-Ukhta oil pipeline

Main conversion processes - visbreaking unit (14.1 thousand barrels per day)

* Excluding unused capacity (2.0 mmt).

Factory history

The plant was commissioned in 1934 and became part of LUKOIL in 1999.

In the 2000s, the AT-1 unit was reconstructed, a unit for hydrodewaxing of diesel fuel, an overpass for draining oil and loading dark oil products were put into operation. The first stage of reconstruction of the catalytic reforming complex was completed, which increased the capacity of the process by 35,000 tons per year. A block was commissioned to increase the hydrogen concentration at the hydrodewaxing unit, the second stage of the oil and oil products loading and unloading complex was built, the catalytic reforming unit was re-equipped, and a tar visbreaking unit with a capacity of 800,000 tons per year was launched, which made it possible to increase the production of vacuum gas oil. In 2009, the construction of the isomerization unit was completed.

In 2012, the technical re-equipment of the reactor block of the GDS-850 diesel fuel hydrotreatment unit was completed. In 2013, the AVT plant was put into operation after reconstruction, and the capacity of the vacuum unit was increased to 2 million tons per year. The project for the construction of a gas condensate discharge unit was completed. In 2014-2015 the technical re-equipment of the enterprise continued.

mini refinery

European refineries

OIL REFINING AT EUROPEAN REFINERS IN 2018

Refinery in Ploiesti, Romania

Oil refinery fuel profile

Located in Ploiesti (in the central part of Romania), 55 km from Bucharest

Processes Urals oil (Russian export blend) and oil from Romanian fields

Oil is supplied to the refinery via an oil pipeline from the port of Constanta on the Black Sea. Romanian oil also comes by rail

Finished products are shipped by rail and road

The main conversion processes are the catalytic cracking unit (18.9 thousand barrels per day) and coking unit (12.5 thousand barrels per day)

Factory history

The plant was commissioned in 1904 and became part of LUKOIL in 1999.

In the 2000s the production of AI-98 gasoline and low-sulphur diesel fuel was mastered. In the early 2000s installations for primary oil refining, hydrotreatment, reforming, coking, catalytic cracking, gas fractionation and isomerization were modernized; installations for catalytic cracking gasoline hydrotreatment and hydrogen production were built. In 2004 the plant was put into operation. Later, a unit for the production of MTBE/TAME additives was put into operation, a 25 MW turbine generator was launched, the reconstruction of units for hydrotreatment of diesel fuel, catalytic cracking, hydrotreatment of catalytically cracked gasoline and production of MTBE/TAME, as well as the vacuum unit of the AVT-1 unit, was completed. The construction of a hydrogen production unit was completed, which made it possible to produce fuels of the Euro-5 standard.

In 2010-2014 2 new coking chambers of the delayed coking unit were installed, the production of propylene with a sulfur content of less than 5 ppm was organized, the reconstruction of the amine unit was completed, an improved control system was introduced at the AVT-3 unit, which allows increasing the yield of marketable products. In 2013, projects were completed to increase the degree of recovery of C3 + from dry catalytic cracking gas, modernization treatment facilities. A major overhaul of the enterprise was carried out, a transition to an oil-free production scheme was carried out, the depth of processing and the yield of light oil products were increased.

In 2015, a catalytic cracking flue gas cleaning unit was put into operation.

Oil refinery in Burgas, Bulgaria

Oil refinery of fuel and petrochemical profile


Located on the Black Sea coast, 15 km from Burgas


Processes oil of various grades (including Russian export grades), fuel oil


Oil is supplied to the refinery via a pipeline from the Rosenets oil terminal


Finished products are shipped by rail, sea and road transport, as well as through an oil product pipeline to the central regions of the country


The main conversion processes are a catalytic cracking unit (37.1 thousand barrels per day), a visbreaking unit (26.4 thousand barrels per day) and a tar hydrocracking unit (39.0 thousand barrels per day)

* Excluding unused capacities (2.8 mmt).

Refineries are characterized by the following indicators:

• Oil refining option: fuel, fuel-oil and fuel-petrochemical.
• Processing volume (in million tons).
• Depth of refining (yield of oil products in terms of oil, in % by weight minus fuel oil and gas).

Story

Oil refining by the factory method was first carried out in Russia: in 1745, the miner Fyodor Savelyevich Pryadunov received permission to extract oil from the bottom of the Ukhta River and built a primitive oil refinery, chronologically the first in the world. Having collected 40 pounds of oil from the river surface, Pryadunov delivered it to Moscow and distilled it in the laboratory of the Berg Collegium, obtaining a kerosene-like product.

Refinery profiles

Today, the boundaries between profiles are blurring, enterprises are becoming more universal. For example, the presence of catalytic cracking at refineries makes it possible to establish the production of polypropylene from propylene, which is obtained in significant quantities during cracking as a by-product.

In the Russian oil refining industry, there are three profiles of refineries, depending on the oil refining scheme: fuel, fuel-oil, fuel-petrochemical.

Fuel profile

At the refinery of the fuel profile, the main products are various types of fuel and carbon materials: motor fuel, fuel oil, combustible gases, bitumen, petroleum coke, etc.

The set of installations includes: necessarily - oil distillation, reforming, hydrotreatment; additionally - vacuum distillation, catalytic cracking, isomerization, hydrocracking, coking, etc.

Fuel-oil profile

At the refinery of the fuel and oil profile, in addition to various kinds fuels and carbon materials are produced lubricants: petroleum oils, lubricants, paraffin waxes, etc.

The set of installations includes: installations for the production of fuels and installations for the production of oils and lubricants.

Fuel and petrochemical profile

At the fuel and petrochemical refinery, in addition to various types of fuel and carbon materials, petrochemical products are produced: polymers, reagents, etc.

The set of installations includes: installations for the production of fuels and installations for the production of petrochemical products (pyrolysis, production of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, reforming aimed at the production of individual aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.).

Raw material preparation

First, oil is dehydrated and desalted in special installations to separate salts and other impurities that cause equipment corrosion, slow down cracking and reduce the quality of refined products. No more than 3-4 mg / l of salts and about 0.1% of water remain in the oil. Then the oil goes to the primary distillation.

Primary processing - distillation

Liquid petroleum hydrocarbons have different boiling points. Distillation is based on this property. When heated in a distillation column to 350 °C, various fractions are separated from the oil sequentially with an increase in temperature. Oil at the first refineries was distilled into the following fractions: straight-run gasoline (it boils away in the temperature range of 28-180°C), jet fuel (180-240°C) and diesel fuel (240-350°C). The remainder of the oil distillation was fuel oil. Until the end of the 19th century, it was thrown away as waste products. For the distillation of oil, five distillation columns are usually used, in which various oil products are sequentially separated. The yield of gasoline during the primary distillation of oil is insignificant, therefore, its secondary processing is carried out to obtain a larger volume of automotive fuel.

Recycling - cracking

Hydrotreating

Hydrotreating is carried out on hydrogenating catalysts using aluminum, cobalt and molybdenum compounds. One of the most important processes in oil refining.

The task of the process is the purification of gasoline, kerosene and diesel fractions, as well as vacuum gas oil from sulfur, nitrogen-containing, tar compounds and oxygen. Hydrotreating plants can be supplied with secondary distillates from cracking or coking plants, in which case the olefin hydrogenation process also takes place. The capacity of the installations existing in the Russian Federation ranges from 600 to 3000 thousand tons per year. The hydrogen required for hydrotreating reactions comes from catalytic reformers or is produced in special plants.

The raw material is mixed with hydrogen-containing gas with a concentration of 85-95% by volume, coming from circulating compressors that maintain pressure in the system. The resulting mixture is heated in an oven to 280-340 °C, depending on the raw material, then enters the reactor. The reaction takes place on catalysts containing nickel, cobalt or molybdenum under pressure up to 50 atm. Under such conditions, the destruction of sulfur and nitrogen-containing compounds with the formation of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, as well as the saturation of olefins. In the process, due to thermal decomposition, an insignificant (1.5-2%) amount of low-octane gasoline is formed, and during the hydrotreatment of vacuum gas oil, 6-8% of the diesel fraction is also formed. In the purified diesel fraction, the sulfur content can decrease from 1.0% to 0.005% and below. Process gases are subjected to purification in order to extract hydrogen sulfide, which is supplied to the production of elemental sulfur or sulfuric acid.

Claus Process (Oxidative Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide to Elemental Sulfur)

The Claus plant is actively used at oil refineries for the processing of hydrogen sulfide from hydrogenation plants and amine gas treatment plants to produce sulfur.

Formation of finished products

Gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel and technical oils are divided into different grades depending on chemical composition. The final stage of refinery production is the mixing of the obtained components to obtain finished products the required composition. This process is also called compounding or blending.

The importance of refineries in the economy and military-strategic life of the state

A state that does not have an oil refinery, as a rule, is dependent on any neighbor in which it is, just as the example of Belarus, one can observe how 2 large oil refineries in Novopolotsk and Mozyr form a significant part of the state budget. In Russia, refineries often form significant parts of regional budgets.

In the military-strategic plan, the oil refinery also plays a huge role and is, as a rule, one of the main objects on which the first missile and bomb strikes are carried out along with the most important military installations, which is done in order to leave the enemy without fuel.

Rosneft Oil Company is No. 1 in Russia in terms of oil refining capacities and volumes.

The Company's activities in the field of oil refining in recent years have been aimed at meeting the market demand for high-quality petroleum products.

For a number of years, Rosneft has been consistently implementing a program to modernize its refineries, which has made it possible to expand the range, improve the quality of products and increase their competitiveness. This is the largest refining capacity modernization program in the Russian oil industry. In the course of the implementation of this program, from the end of 2015, a transition to 100% production of motor fuels of the environmental class K5 for domestic market RF, in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulation TR TS 013/2011. Since 2018, a number of the Company's refineries have organized the production of motor gasolines with improved environmental and performance properties AI-95-K5 "Euro-6", as well as AI-100-K5.

As part of the Company's Oil Refining Unit on the territory Russian Federation 13 large oil refineries operate: Komsomolsk Oil Refinery, Angarsk Petrochemical Company, Achinsk Oil Refinery, Tuapse Oil Refinery, Kuibyshev Oil Refinery, Novokuibyshevsky Oil Refinery, Syzran Oil Refinery, Saratov Oil Refinery, Ryazan Oil Refinery Company, oil refinery complex of PJSC ANK Bash-Neft (Bashneft-Novoil) , Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim, Bashneft-UNPZ), Yaroslavl Oil Refinery.

The total design capacity of the Company's main oil refineries in Russia is 118.4 million tons of oil per year. Rosneft also includes several mini-refineries, the largest of which is the Nizhne-Vartovsk oil refinery.

The share of PJSC NK Rosneft in oil refining in Russia is more than 35%. The volume of oil refining at the Russian refineries of the Company in 2018 amounted to more than 103 million tons, demonstrating an increase of 2.8% compared to 2017. The yield of light products and the depth of processing are 58.1% and 75.1%, respectively, and the production of motor gasolines and diesel fuel of ecological class K5 in 2018 increased by 2%.

The volume of refining at the Company's mini-refineries in the Russian Federation in 2018 amounted to 2 million tons.

PJSC NK Rosneft also owns shares in a number of refining assets abroad - in Germany, Belarus and India.

In Germany, the Company owns shares (from 24 to 54%) in three highly efficient refineries - MiRO, Bayernoil and PCK, and in Belarus indirectly owns 21% of the shares of OAO Mozyr Oil Refinery. The Company also owns a 49% stake in one of the largest high-tech refineries in India, Vadinar, which has a primary oil refining capacity of 20 million tons per year.

According to the results of 2018, the volume of oil refining at German refineries amounted to 11.5 million tons. The volume of crude oil refining by JSC Mozyr Oil Refinery in the share of PJSC NK Rosneft in 2018 amounted to 2.1 million tons.

Russia, one of the world leaders in oil production, has serious capacities for the production of refined products of "black gold". The plants produce fuel, oil and petrochemical products, while the total annual production of gasoline, diesel fuel and heating oil reaches tens of millions of tons.

The scale of Russian oil refining

Currently, 32 large oil refineries and 80 more mini-enterprises are also operating in this industry in Russia. The total capacity of the country's refineries provides the possibility of processing 270 million tons of raw materials. We present to your attention the top 10 oil refineries by the criterion of established production capacity. The enterprises included in the list belong to both state and private oil companies.

1. Gazpromneft-ONPZ (20.89 million tons)

The Gazpromneft-ONPZ enterprise is better known as the Omsk Oil Refinery. The plant is owned by Gazprom Neft (Gazprom's structure). The decision to build the enterprise was made in 1949, the plant was launched in 1955. The installed capacity reaches 20.89 million tons, the depth of processing (the ratio of the volume of raw materials to the number of products produced) is 91.5%. In 2016, the Omsk Refinery processed 20.5 million tons of oil. Pronedra wrote earlier that the actual processing at the refinery in 2016 decreased compared to the level of 2015.

Last year, 4.7 million tons of gasoline and 6.5 million tons of diesel fuel were produced. In addition to fuel, the plant produces bitumen, coke, acids, tar and other products. Over the past few years, due to the modernization of facilities, the enterprise has reduced the amount of emissions into the atmosphere by 36%, by 2020 it is planned to reduce the degree of harmful impact on the environment by another 28%. In total, over the past 20 years, the amount of emissions has decreased five times.

2. Kirishinefteorgsintez (20.1 million tons)

The Kirishi Oil Refinery (Kirishinefteorgsintez, an enterprise of Surgutneftegaz) with a capacity of 20.1 million tons is located in the city of Kirishi, Leningrad Region. Commissioning took place in 1966. In fact, on average, it processes more than 17 million tons of oil with a depth of 54.8%. In addition to fuels and lubricants, it produces ammonia, bitumen, solvents, gases, xylenes. According to the company, in recent years, according to the results of the analysis of 2.4 thousand samples, no excesses of the standards for emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air have been identified. No environmental violations were found within the control points of the sanitary protection zone of the complex.

3. Ryazan Oil Refining Company (18.8 million tons)

The largest refinery of Rosneft with a capacity of 18.8 million tons - the Ryazan Oil Refining Company (until 2002 - the Ryazan Oil Refinery) - produces gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, boiler fuel, bitumen for the construction and road industries. The company started operating in 1960. Last year, the plant processed 16.2 million tons of raw materials with a depth of 68.6%, while producing 15.66 million tons of products, including 3.42 million tons of gasoline, 3.75 million tons of diesel fuel and 4.92 million tons fuel oil. In 2014, an environmental research center began operating at the enterprise. There are also five environmental laboratories. Harmful emissions have been measured since 1961.

4. Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez (17 million tons)

One of the leaders in domestic oil refining, the Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez enterprise (owner - Lukoil), is located in the city of Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Region. The enterprise, whose capacity currently reaches 17 million tons, was opened in 1958 and received the name Novogorkovsky Oil Refinery.

The refinery produces about 70 types of products, including gasoline and diesel fuel, aviation fuel, paraffins and oil bitumen. Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez is the only company in Russia that produces hard-type edible paraffins. The processing depth reaches 75%. The plant has an ecological laboratory, which includes two mobile complexes. As part of the "Clean Air" program, the plant's tanks are equipped with pontoons to reduce the amount of hydrocarbon emissions into the atmosphere by dozens of times. Over the past ten years, the average indicators of environmental pollution have decreased by a factor of three.

5. Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka (15.7 million tons)

The Volgograd (Stalingrad) refinery, launched in 1957, became part of the Lukoil company in 1991 and received a new name - Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka. The plant's capacity is 15.7 million tons, the actual capacity is 12.6 million tons with a processing depth of 93%. Now the company produces about seven dozen types of refined products, including motor gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied gases, bitumen, oils, cokes and gas oils. According to Lukoil, thanks to the implementation of the environmental safety program, gross emissions were reduced by 44%.

6. Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez (15 million tons)

The Novo-Yaroslavl Oil Refinery (currently Slavneft-YANOS, jointly owned by Gazprom and Slavneft) began operating in 1961. The current installed capacity of the plant is 15 million tons of raw materials, the processing depth is 66%. The enterprise is engaged in the production of motor gasolines, diesel fuel, fuel used in jet engines, a wide range of oils, bitumen, waxes, paraffins, aromatic hydrocarbons, fuel oil and liquefied gases. Over the past 11 years, Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez has significantly improved the quality of its industrial effluents. The amount of waste accumulated before has decreased by 3.5 times, and the volume of polluting emissions into the atmosphere - by 1.4 times.

7. Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez (13.1 million tons)

In 1958, the Perm Oil Refinery was put into operation. Later, it received such names as the Perm Oil Refinery, Permnefteorgsintez, and as a result, after becoming the property of Lukoil, it was renamed Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez. The capacity of the enterprise with a depth of processing of raw materials of 88% reaches 13.1 million tons. Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez produces wide range of products, including dozens of items - gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel for jet power plants, gas oils, toluene, benzene, liquefied hydrocarbon gases, sulfur, acids and petroleum cokes.

According to the assurances of the plant's management, the enterprise is actively implementing measures that make it possible to exclude emissions of polluting components into the environment in excess of the regulatory limits. All types of oily waste are disposed of using a special modern equipment. Last year, the plant won the competition "Leader of Environmental Protection in Russia".

8. Gazprom Neft - Moscow Refinery (12.15 million tons)

The Moscow Oil Refinery (owned by Gazprom Neft), which currently meets 34% of the needs of the Russian capital in oil products, was built in 1938. The plant's capacity reaches 12.15 million tons with a processing depth of 75%. The plant is mainly engaged in the fuel segment - it produces motor fuel, but additionally produces bitumen. Liquefied gases are also produced for household and municipal needs, fuel oil. According to Gazpromneft-Moscow Refinery, the company's environmental management system complies with international standards.

However, since 2014, the plant has repeatedly been in the spotlight due to hydrogen sulfide emissions into the atmospheric air of Moscow. Although, according to the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the mentioned oil refinery really turned out to be the source of pollution, the corresponding official charges were not brought, and another three dozen industrial facilities located in the city fell under suspicion. In 2017, representatives of the Moscow Refinery reported that there were no excesses in pollutant emissions on the territory of the enterprise. Recall that the Moscow mayor's office announced the launch of a monitoring system for plant emissions.

9. RN-Tuapse Refinery (12 million tons)

The RN-Tuapse Refinery is the oldest oil refinery in Russia. It was built in 1929. The uniqueness of the enterprise also lies in the fact that it is the only refinery in the country located on Black Sea coast. The owner of the RN-Tuapse Refinery is Rosneft Corporation. The plant's capacity is 12 million tons (in fact, 8.6 million tons of raw materials are processed per year), the processing depth is up to 54%. The main range of manufactured products is gasoline, including technological, diesel fuel, kerosene for lighting purposes, fuel oil and liquefied gas. According to the administration of the plant, the refinery managed to halve the amount of polluting emissions into the atmosphere in a short time. Also, the quality of effluents has been brought to the level of fishery reservoirs of the first category.

10. Angarsk Petrochemical Company (10.2 million tons)

In Angarsk, Irkutsk Region, the production facilities of the Angarsk Petrochemical Company, which specializes in oil refining, are located. The complex includes an oil refinery, chemical units, as well as a plant for the production of oils. Installed capacity - 10.2 million tons, processing depth - 73.8%. The complex was launched in 1945 as an enterprise for the production of liquid coal fuel, and in 1953 the first petrochemical facilities were put into operation. Now the company produces gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene for aircraft, alcohols, fuel oil, sulfuric acid, oils. As part of the implementation of environmental safety measures, closed flares have been installed to neutralize waste gases, and a recycling water supply system is being built.

Leaders in oil refining: top regions and companies

If we talk about the Russian oil refining industry as a whole, then it is characterized by a large (up to 90%) degree of consolidation. The plants mainly operate as part of vertically integrated companies.

Most of the existing oil refineries in Russia were built back in the Soviet period. The distribution of oil refineries by region was carried out according to two principles - proximity to deposits of raw materials and in accordance with the need to supply fuels and lubricants and petrochemical products to specific regions of the RSFSR, or to neighboring republics of the USSR. These factors predetermined the picture of the location of oil refining capacities on the territory of the modern Russian state.

The current stage of development of the domestic processing of "black gold" is characterized not only by an increase in capacity, but also by a total modernization of production. The latter makes it possible Russian companies how to improve the quality of products to the level of the most stringent international standards, and increase the depth of processing of raw materials, as well as minimize the negative impact on the environment.