End-to-end technology what. End-to-end technologies of the digital economy

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1. Accurate work with concepts and terminology

By definition, those working in real science make sure that everyone always understands unequivocally what is said in this or that article, what is the proposal put forward by the author, what development has been achieved, what is the result, what is criticized, etc. . On the other hand, in those areas where an objective scientific review of proposals and results is not possible, some fog of definitions or attributing their priority to oneself is sometimes dictated or justified by considerations of competition, marketing, advertising, etc.

More or less disciplined and competent work with terms and concepts, in my opinion, suggests that you

I will touch on two terms - "end-to-end technology" and "information modeling" - and I will immediately say that today's propagandists of the concepts behind these terms, respectively ASCON and NEOLANT, are real and deserved leaders domestic market engineering software. This is not about doubts about their leadership, it is about my doubts about the correctness and / or accuracy of the definitions and uses of the two above-mentioned concepts. Even more precisely: I want to understand what is what, and I will be glad if readers help me with this.

2. How does end-to-end technology (ST) of ASCON compare with PLM?

The term ST, or end-to-end design (SP), has been activated in our firmament in the last few weeks. For example, let's pay attention to the seminar "End-to-end design in instrumentation at the stage of transition from P-CAD to Altium Designer" or to the article "". In this regard, ASCON became the main newsmaker, putting the announcement of its new ST-course in the focus of its recent main event: "".

The through turn of ASCON is considered in sufficient detail in, which was given to the portal by the site Sergey Evsikov. The interview states that " large customers ASCON needs end-to-end automation of engineering processes. They do not need a separate CAD tool, even the most wonderful, they need an integrated PLM system". From this statement, I am trying to draw a pleasant conclusion: large domestic customers have grown to systems approach, which they, together with ASCON, expect to implement using PLM or some of its varieties (parts?), Called end-to-end technology. My hypothesis is supported by the interviewer - with his phrase " end-to-end PLM integration”, which is not denied by the answer of S. Evsikov. One of the illustrations, in which the components of the ST are nested in a circle called life cycle The product reinforces my hypothesis (as does all the other relevant figures in this interview, though):

On the other hand, the idea arises that if PLM is not mentioned in the detailed and well-designed illustrations coming from the undeniably qualified specialists of the market leader, then the leader still means something significantly different ... However, Sergey says, what " end-to-end 3D technology is a modern trend”, from which I conclude: ST3D is not an invention of ASCON. If it were about scientific article, after the words “this is a modern trend”, links confirming this statement would certainly follow: at least I should look for them on the Internet ...

To begin with, I stumble upon some exotic “Great Encyclopedia of Oil and Gas”, which pleased me with a stunning definition: “ End-to-end design is a process that eliminates the boundary between the stages of the dynamic synthesis of a system, i.e. synthesis of mathematical models of the control law and the stage of (transputer) implementation of this law". I do not give a link to save the psyche of readers. I will also omit the link to the article (2010), which states that “ On the basis of a 3D model, it is possible to use end-to-end design technology... This technology allows you to link together all the stages of development and production of products ... According to the American National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA), the use of end-to-end design allows you to:...” and further ridiculous assessments are given of how the joint venture makes the various stages of the life cycle more efficient (from 5 to 90%!): of course, there are no references. I find some more not very intelligible references to ST from about fifteen years ago ...

Finally, on the website of the magazine "Equipment and Instrument" I see a very rich article "ASCON end-to-end 3D technology" (2013) by ASCON managers, which says: " The domestic implementation of the ideology and principles of the concept of PLM technologies was the End-to-End 3D ASCON technology, which meets the main condition for the existence of the methodology - full integration and interaction of all components". Very good and nice! (True, I would like to ask whether, for example, TFLEX-PLM + or Lotsia® PLM are also domestic implementations of the ideology and principles of the PLM technology concept, but it doesn’t matter to me here). In general, the article is very informative, and it’s even more offensive that no reader questions and comments followed it: in order to correct this injustice, I suggest that the authors of the article and ASCON marketers publish a slightly updated version of this article on the site, which has become even more relevant.

From what we have seen, we can conclude that ST/SP should be well known in the English-speaking world. However, the search for the term “Straight-Through 3D Technology” taken from the Asconov article leads only to this article itself, and I could not find other English prototypes or analogues of ST / SP. I would like to thank readers for their help.

It turns out that ASCON specialists, deeply respected by me, are not very accurate, in the sense of what is stated above in Section 1, and are not very far-sighted with terminology. I especially regret the inconsistency with paragraph 2b, since its consistent implementation, in my opinion, would bring significant methodological and marketing benefits to ASCON (including abroad), and would also contribute to the development of a reliable strategy for the development of the announced direction.

I'll try to formulate my hypothesis. The end-to-end technology appears to be the forerunner of PLM, which was one of the first ideas for integrating engineering design tools that did not include many of the components and techniques of the full-fledged PLM that subsequently emerged. At the same time, the narrowing of the scope of consideration and the better (compared to non-CAD components) technological sophistication and logical connectivity of CAD components made it possible to keep in mind relatively closer integration, data separation, communication, etc. Apparently, the revival and refinement of end-to-end technology has become reasonable today due to the development of PLM itself (including methods of joint and distributed data processing), due to the development of the engineering components themselves and their interfaces, as well as the development of those some large domestic customers who have already matured to understand the need to purchase and implement complex integrated systems, but have not yet matured to restructure the business based on the organization of a full-fledged controlled digital interconnection of all its (business) components, which (restructuring and interconnection) is the essence of PLM.

I would recommend presenting end-to-end technology, clearly positioning its place in the space of PLM processes, components and methodology, in particular, emphasizing not just integration and complexity, but focusing on joint and distributed (not necessarily sequential) processing of shared data. Intelligible PLM positioning does not interfere with including in your solution special means security, if they are essential for some customers. I can’t imagine how without this it will be possible to tell in an understandable way (of course, if you want) the world community about this ASCON course, for example, at the same COFES or in Ralph Grabowski’s blog. However, it is clear that “end-to-end technology” and “this is something even better than your already reasonably beloved KOMPAS-3D” sounds much more attractive to the ears of some important customers than, for example, the import-substituting PLM 0.5

3. How does NEOLANT Information Modeling (IM) compare with BIM and PLM?

In the domestic market of engineering software, one can hardly find propaganda activity comparable in its pressure to the activity of NEOLANT in promoting what this company calls "information modeling". And this activity is obviously effective: at least look at others. The winners are not supposed to be judged, however, the subheading questions I want to ask.

As already mentioned, I could not find an English analogue or prototype for the end-to-end technology, but it is impossible to imagine that the phrase “information model” would not turn out to be encyclopedic, fundamentally general and, of course, having a clear international meaning (at the level of its generally accepted use!). So it is: the English-language Wikipedia in its detailed article with many links says that “ An information model (IM) in software is a representation of the concepts and relationships, constraints, rules, and operations that specify the data semantics of a particular domain… IM provides a shared, stable, and well-organized structure of information requirements or knowledge in the context of that domain».

On the NEOLANT website we read “ In the understanding of NEOLANT experts, an information model (IM) is a database in which information about a real world object is consolidated and integrated. Contains 3D models, passports of objects, documentation archive and other information on objects in a structured and interconnected way. An information model is a digital prototype of an object in which each of its elements is uniquely defined and their logical relationship is provided. It is the structure and assigned relationships that are the main features of the information model.».

After making sure that NEOLANT experts, in general, agree with Wikipedia, I read on. " A real world object is understood as an industrial enterprise / civil structure / city or part of them - a separate building, system, equipment". Yeah, I think, since we are talking about an efficient modeling concentration of data and knowledge about structures, their parts or their combinations, then this is still BIM! However, I could not find such a word or any of its Russian-language decoding in NEOLANT's explanations of what MI is. True, in one of the comments to the article "", an erudite reader explains: "... we can say that "information modeling" is a more universal concept, which, if necessary, can be attributed, on the basis of the goals achieved and the tasks to be solved, to different types: PLM, BIM, ERP, asset management, office work, economics, etc.". There is not the slightest doubt that IM is a (much) more universal concept: some general cultural training, and Wikipedia, and, for example, the article “Information Modeling” in the “Encyclopedia of a Computer Science Teacher” do not leave them - in my opinion, an excellent article , combining breadth, scientific and methodological literacy, visibility, rich illustrativeness and simplicity of the language; This article should be read by all of us.

Introductory figure in an article for computer science teachers

Given this kind of encyclopedic notion, with all the deepest respect for the practical achievements of NEOLANT, it is difficult for me to understand how the company can position itself as a world leader in information modeling ...

Further, the NEOLANT website notes: “ Today, in the global expert community, there are disputes about the concept of an information model, and it is not surprising - after all, this area continues its rapid growth, the limits of which have not yet been identified. NEOLANT has developed its own concept of information modeling and, based on it, offers the implementation of real applied solutions". No references to disputes about the concept of IM are given, and, in my opinion, there cannot be any, since, outside the philosophy and methodology of science, disputes about what is commonly called information modeling are hardly possible today.

The cited introductory article by NEOLANT, to which the company tirelessly refers, ends with the table “Typology of information models. Types of recommended digital models depending on the tasks of the enterprise. This table seems to me quite promising from a methodological point of view: indeed, despite all, undoubtedly, always and everywhere existing, subtle features of each enterprise and its tasks, the types of enterprises and classes of tasks to be solved must be visible and specified with sufficient accuracy. (The complete chaos that seems to the observer always reflects the lack of knowledge of the observer.) Therefore, the attempt to classify, undertaken by NEOLANT, can only be welcomed and serve as an example for all vendors and integrators. Another thing is that in this nice table, again, BIM is not mentioned at all (!), And PLM is indiscriminately attributed to technologies, which is fundamentally wrong.

And in this case, I want to formulate my hypothesis-diagnosis. NEOLANT has (a) enviable access to large integration-service-consulting orders in the rich area of the domestic market (public sector, oil and gas, nuclear and thermal energy) and (b) mutually beneficial partnership with a number of the world's largest vendors in the field of PLM, BIM and ERP . Apparently, the solution of many tasks of NEOLANT's customers (for objective or subjective reasons) requires the integration of different genre solutions from different vendors. In such conditions, there is often a need for one or another integration of PLM, AEC, ERP elements and the development of additional auxiliary modules. I suspect that with a methodologically competent definition and use of the term BIM, this concept could quite reasonably unite all the solutions applied and integrated by NEOLANT. However, since today at the mass level it is often practically “we say BIM, we mean ArchiCAD or Revit or ...”, it is not surprising that NEOLANT is very narrow in the specificity of this term.

In order to break out of the instrumental framework of the narrowly understood BIM, NEOLANT chose, from my point of view, a methodologically naive way out: to pretend that BIM has nothing to do with the company and call its activities an extremely general term, which, from the point of view of any educated person, refers to encyclopedic concepts and cannot have an alternative interpretation in a separate niche of a single industry. Call it, say, Neol-BIM, H-BIM + or, if you are shy about BIM, NEOL-3D modeling, and they would boldly call themselves world leaders in it.

4. Conclusions

I repeat that I have no doubt that behind the inaccurate (from my point of view) applied terms that have been considered here, there are quite meaningful results and perspectives. Moreover, I am sure that the vast majority of users do not notice any carelessness and incorrectness and, most likely, do or will conclude that my vendor is the coolest. However, the development of our market may be faster than it seems to today's pragmatists. Until recently, it seemed to someone that it was more pragmatic to implement 2.5D in our country, and that BIM could only work in the conditions of the British monarchy. But large Russian enterprises can ripen to a complete PLM restructuring of the business faster than it seems today, and it is unlikely that the slogan of import substitution (if it persists) will prevent them from profitably implementing a complete PLM, including, say, Internet of Things, or even 3DExperience. And it cannot be ruled out that BIM will develop so far, including in the direction of the PLM methodology, that at a high architectural and methodological level it will absorb analogues of the relatively crude NEOLANT schemes, and these schemes will be imported to us in the form of some BIM2020 from this or that Siemens. Thus, I believe that the manner and practice of manipulating terms and concepts that I have noted not only reflects carelessness and incorrectness, but also fixes a very real methodological obstacle (brake) in the minds of vendors in the process of forming and implementing their long-term strategy.

In general, the manipulation of terms and concepts without their honest, unambiguous and qualified correlation with the system of concepts and knowledge accumulated by the culture of mankind seems to be similar to choosing the so-called special path without taking into account the gigantic world and one's own historical experience (either due to illiteracy, or political marketing considerations): such a choice can bring tactical success, but strategically, as the same experience shows, it is ineffective and dead-end.

The HSE Institute for Statistical Research and Economics of Knowledge presents data on the use of cloud services in Russia over five years and in comparison with other countries.

One of the global trends technological development— the rapid spread of cloud services that implement the principles of distributed computing. According to forecasts, by 2023 the volume of the global market of cloud services will reach 623.3 billion US dollars with an average annual growth rate of 18% (in 2018 - 272 billion US dollars). The most dynamically developing segments will be Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS). Active development is expected of a relatively new segment of the cloud services market - Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS): its average annual growth rate for 2017-2022 is . will be 41.8% 1 .

As part of the implementation of the national program " Digital economy Russian Federation» cloud computing is included in the list of end-to-end subtechnologies digital technologies(SCT) "Big Data". The growing popularity of cloud services in Russia is evidenced by the doubling of the number of users of these services among business sector organizations (from 11.0% in 2013 to 22.6% in 2017). The level of use of cloud services in Russia is comparable to Estonia and Portugal and higher than in a number of OECD countries, including Germany and France (Fig. 1).

In 2013–2017 recorded a two-fold increase in the use of cloud services in almost all segments of the economy. In the field of telecommunications and information technology, more than a third of organizations use cloud services, in trade and manufacturing - every fourth (Fig. 2). The listed segments of the economy are leading in terms of the demand for cloud services, which is largely due to the specifics of their activities.

Hosting turned out to be the most demanded cloud service in Russia Email: in 2017, 16.3% of organizations in the business sector used it. One in ten organizations use this resource for databases, file storage (11.8%), and access to software provided by providers (11.4%). Only 5% of organizations host their own software in the cloud.

The popularity of cloud storage among the population is also growing: over the past five years, the share of Internet users who placed personal files on the network for public access increased by 1.4 times - up to 35% in 2018.

Cloud services that provide access to information processing, provide data storage and minimize costs, are one of the key drivers of digitalization of companies. However, their use is associated with transmission delays. digital information for devices located at long distances from a centralized public cloud. In this regard, the prospects for the development of these technologies are associated with their subsequent joint use with fog computing and dew computing. The former level the problem of delay in cloud technologies, the latter can function offline in the absence of an Internet connection.

Sources:

HSE ISSEK calculations based on data from Rosstat, Eurostat, OECD, IEEE, MarketsandMarkets; the results of the project "Preparation of methodological and information-analytical materials on indicators of the digital economy" of the thematic plan of research work of the National Research University Higher School of Economics.

The scientific groundwork for these technologies, as it turned out, has yet to be created, and scientific areas in which a real breakthrough has already been made remain without funding.

"It is important for us to build chains from beginning to end in such areas as big data, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, new portable energy sources, sensors, wireless communication technologies, technologies for controlling the properties of biological objects, neurotechnologies," said at the Meeting on Engagement Acting President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Valery Kozlov - A simple enumeration suggests that information technologies are, as it were, the basis of a lot. We need to concentrate the efforts of all institutions, including those that deal exclusively with humanitarian problems ".

As you know, NTI was announced by President Putin on December 4, 2014 in his Address to the Federal Assembly. This is a long-term comprehensive program to create fundamentally new markets and create conditions for Russia's global technological leadership by 2035.

“This imposes a serious responsibility on us,” the academician noted, adding that “as of today, 6 roadmaps (DC) for markets have been approved: EnergyNet, Healthnet, Neuronet, Marinet, Autonet, Aeronet "and the cross-market direction -" Technet ".

More specifically, we are talking about the so-called "smart networks" ("EnergyNet"), personal medicine ("HealthNet"), distributed systems aircraft("Aeronet"), sea transport without a crew ("Marinet") and cars without a driver ("Avtonet"), distributed artificial components of consciousness and psyche ("Neuronet"), etc.

The main idea is that it will not work to compete with the West on occupied sites. Accordingly, the Soviet-era slogan "catch up and overtake" does not work. In Russia today, half of the economy, as one of the participants in the meeting at the Russian Academy of Sciences noted, is analog. Only 5% is focused on high-tech exports. Everything else we import.

“If nothing is done, then our economy will halve in the next 20 years,” said Dmitry Peskov, director of the “Young Professionals” direction of ASI. “We must build a digital economy, or a data economy ... All new markets are built on the network principle , that is, they are internally a network in which intermediaries are replaced by control software.

Today, according to him, "in all markets from Agriculture to the space market, new markets are emerging in a new network logic. "That's where all these names with the "net" component came from. There is another reason why Russia needs to develop these new markets. They are still quite free. There are no recognized players, but This means that Russia has a chance to take a leading position. good example can be Yandex, which arose when there were no generally accepted standards and recognized players in this market. The same thing happened in the days of the USSR, when nuclear and missile projects were being created. "In all these cases, we as a country were able to achieve success," Peskov stressed.

There are many barriers to overcome on the path to technology leadership. Academic science can help to do this. We are talking about creating a list of technologies for the implementation of the Roadmaps and involving relevant institutions in the work.

“There is an Expert Council of the National Technological Initiative, which included 8 representatives of the Russian Academy of Sciences out of 22,” said Vice President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Sergey Aldoshin. directions for the creation of end-to-end technologies. The task of science is to form a scientific and technical reserve for these selected groups of technologies in order to create competitive high-tech products."

Another problem that specialists pay attention to is the barriers associated with the imperfection of the regulatory framework, as well as the lack of funding and the wrong approach to financing new areas and developments, when funds are allocated only if the business is interested in the product of scientists. "It's impossible to find an investor," Pavel Balaban, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, complained about the direction of Neuronet. Meanwhile, Russian science has actually opened a new direction - "thermogenetics", and, moreover, without financial support. For example, a patient with epilepsy can be "planted" with snake squirrels, and he will get rid of excruciating seizures. And the human eye can be given thermal vision. Not to mention the possibility of using these developments to restore sight to the blind.

"FANO's institutions all suffer from the lack of infrastructure renewal. Some of the institutions are in poor condition, we simply cannot make repairs. Where scientific technological barriers have been overcome, we must use this as one of the criteria for allocating the few money that FANO has," I am convinced scientist.

According to him, it is necessary to think about the fact that in the Russian Federation there are projects with decent funding that could "support at least those new areas where a breakthrough has been made." Otherwise, the technology will be mastered abroad. And we will again buy it from the West.

Elena Kovacic

Academician Alexander Sergeev: RAS needs respect from society and authorities

presidential candidate Russian Academy Sciences Alexander Sergeev met with representatives of the scientific community at the Physical Institute. P.N. Lebedeva. As is known, Academician Sergeev was the first to be nominated by the Bureau of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the FIAN Academic Council supported this decision.

Academician Alexei Khokhlov: "Constantly move forward!"

"Tea parties at the Academy" is a regular feature of Pravda.Ru. It publishes interviews of the writer Vladimir Gubarev with academicians. Today his interlocutor is Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University Alexei Khokhlov.

Three residents of Tomsk were elected academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences and three - corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The elections of members of the Russian Academy of Sciences were held at the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Tomsk scientific school once again confirmed its high class. The best representatives of the Tomsk institutions of the FASO of Russia, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation joined the ranks of academicians and corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

National academies prove their worth

At the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladimir Fortov met with the leadership of national academies that have been established in some regions of the Russian Federation. The guests of the head of the Russian Academy of Sciences were the presidents of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Igor Kolodeznikov, the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan Alfis Gayazov, the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan Myakzyum Salakhov and Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic Ibragim Kerimov.

academic triangle

Efficiency of Russian science to be tested according to 35 parametersMikhail Kotyukov: All scientific organizations in Russia will pass the performance test Is it possible to significantly increase the salaries of scientists without cutting staff? Why massively unite institutions? How painful will it be for science to replace almost a third of the heads of institutes in a year? The RG correspondent talks about this with Mikhail Kotyukov, head of the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations (FANO), to which academic institutions have been transferred.

On March 27, the first meeting of the Scientific Coordinating Council under the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations took place this year. The head of the FASO of Russia, Mikhail Kotyukov, took part in it. During the meeting, the planned rotation of the composition of the Scientific Coordination Council was announced.