Designing a house begins with the creation of a draft design. Its main purpose is to develop the concept of the building. It includes the main parameters and features of the object, which must be taken into account at the next stages of design.

Definition and features of a draft design

Preliminary design(EP) is the initial design stage, which is carried out in order to develop the main architectural and technical solutions. Based on them, the customer receives general idea about the object, its main parameters and performance characteristics. The degree of elaboration of details is determined by the terms of reference for the design and the contract concluded between the designer and the customer.

The requirements for the content of the preliminary design are regulated by GOST R 21.1101-2013, put into effect relatively recently - 01/01/2014. The same national standard designates ES as part of the overall system project documentation developed for construction. An important feature of the document under consideration is that in practice small buildings and structures are often erected according to a well-executed preliminary design. Such an approach is impossible and even dangerous in the construction of a serious facility.

Composition and content of the draft design

The composition of the preliminary design is not strictly regulated by the above GOST. This is due to the fact that the number and degree of documentation development can vary within serious limits, depending on the requirements of the customer and the features of the project being designed. Most often in practice, EP consists of:

Modern visualization software tools allow you to perform 3D modeling of an object. It clearly demonstrates both the position of the building on the land plot, taking into account the features of the landscape, and the appearance of the object after the planned construction and landscaping work has been completed. Therefore serious design organizations necessarily include computer presentations of the building being designed as part of the draft design.

Any object is a preliminary design. At this stage, decisions are being worked out on the layout of the premises, its appearance, location on the territory (if we are talking about the construction of a structure), scale, device, service life, functional purpose and general work plan.

Why is a blueprint needed? Often, as practice shows, the requirements and wishes of the customer do not coincide with the current building codes and urban planning requirements. In the future, this may lead to long paper proceedings on the design of the constructed facility. Therefore, the preliminary design coordinates and considers all the parties necessary for the customer:

All of these aspects are directly included in the draft design. They are very important to consider. Also attached to the draft design.

This type of work helps the customer to plan and calculate the cost part correctly, make adjustments to the construction of his facility. At the pre-project stage, it is already becoming clear which preparatory work need to be done. In the future, the draft design helps the customer avoid the cost of correcting shortcomings and errors. After all, already at this stage it becomes clear how external networks, power supply, the system of tracks and the location of other elements will go.

We can say that the preliminary design helps the customer to visualize and understand the technical side of his future construction project. And it is much easier for the performer to approve and work out the chosen concept, remove unnecessary and make new changes.

The draft design project consists of the following components:

General plan. This is a schematic image corresponding to the scale of the site with planned buildings, entrances, entrances and landscaping elements. In addition, the so-called red lines are indicated on the master plan, and all planned buildings and changes are already marked relative to them. The main goal is to comply with all building codes and take into account the desire of the customer.

The floor plan is a schematic representation of all rooms, equipment and

Facade. The image helps to further approve the facade passport in the relevant authorities and get a general idea of ​​​​the appearance of the structure.

Also important is computer visualization, which helps to see the object from different angles.

● general data (explanatory note);

● scheme of the master plan (M 1:200);

● floor plans;

● facades;

● architectural section;

● roofing design;

● three-dimensional computer visualization (from 4 angles + fragments if necessary).

.

Architectural project of an individual house- this is the architect's idea, embodied in engineering solutions. At this design stage, architectural solutions are determined that comprehensively take into account the wishes of the customer, the conditions of construction, as well as numerous requirements (social, economic, functional, engineering, technical, fire fighting, sanitary and hygienic,energy,environmental, architectural and artistic, etc.).

The composition of the architectural design of the house:

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Calculations and drawings are carried out by designers highly qualified. Our projects are very accurate and detailed: they contain all the necessary drawings, components and specifications to make the process of building a house easy and understandable.

Draft house design

A draft design is the foundation for the future main or working project of the house and all documentation for it.

The draft design of the house allows you to immediately visually see the facade of the house being designed, its layout, the appearance of the interior, and determine the approximate amount of construction. A preliminary design of a house, thought out in advance and agreed with the customer, is a guarantee of high-quality detailed design and construction of the future house.

According to the preliminary design, as a rule, construction is not carried out, only small and economical one-story houses and outbuildings with a footage of 10-30 meters.

​

It is necessary to develop a high-quality draft design in order to:

it is better to make in the future all the working documentation around the house;

prevent errors during construction:

get quality project which will fully meet your expectations;

it is easier to go through all the stages of coordinating the construction with the authorities;

find buyers or investors more quickly;

complete the construction of the house faster;

reduce construction cost

​ ​

Also, a preliminary design of the house will help to formulate your basic requirements, which will be taken into account during the construction of the house.

The composition of the EP is regulated by GOST 2.119-73 " one system design documentation.

The list of drawings included in the draft design depends on the terms of reference and the level of complexity of the house.

What is included in the draft design of the house:

architectural design of the house

floor plans and floor plans

color options

the location of the house on the site;

floor and room plan

geometry of the facade and plans

​ ​

Foreskiz (another name for a preliminary design) is a pre-project stage, the result of which is documentation made in a volume sufficient to review and evaluate the architectural decisions made and, after approval by the customer, serve as the basis for the development of a detailed design.

Working project of the house

A working draft is a detailed planning decision that is necessary for the construction of serious houses and buildings.

The working draft includes materials and documents that allow builders to realize the idea of ​​the customer and architects. The professionalism of an architect directly affects the quality and safety of the built house, as well as the durability and comfort of life. A competent specialist can even reduce the cost of construction with the right ideas and solutions.

Why do you need a working project at home:

To give clear instructions to builders, foremen and repairers

Reduce the time and cost of work

Create the best option for a given site

Raise the quality of construction and control

Avoid building mistakes

​ ​

Only specialists with higher education and experience and only licensed.

After all, not only the quality of the house depends on the competence of the architect, but also the safety of you and your family.​

The composition of the working project of the house

The working draft includes all the necessary information and documents for the construction. The working draft is based on a draft design containing architectural and planning solutions.

The working draft includes:

Architectural design - required for approval by the city planning authorities

Electrical network engineering plan

Engineering ventilation plan

Heating engineering plan

Water supply engineering plan

Drawings of reinforced concrete structures

Drawings of wooden structures

List of technical and economic indicators and characteristics of the object.

A document on the compliance of the project with state standards and norms for passing the regulations in the state supervision bodies.

Drawings and documents required during construction

When designing, the specialist is obliged to take into account various factors and features of the object:

engineering, incl. internal and external communications

technological - choose the right construction method and materials

geographical - take into account the features of the terrain and climate

economic - meet the declared budget the best way

fire fighting - think over the fire safety of the house and territory

sanitary and hygienic - and design premises taking into account their features

environmental - use safe and high-quality technologies and materials

Possess all necessary knowledge and experience and help create a high-quality , which will contain all necessary materials and drawings.

In addition, we have great experience coordination of all stages of construction and control of contractors performing work.

Development of a draft design ( architectural concept) - This is the very first stage of pre-project development. A conceptual proposal is necessary to form the first idea of ​​the architectural features of the object, the complexity of its design and the volume of construction. Specialists of the PNProject company carry out preliminary design to agree on fundamental decisions regarding the style, architectural design, functionality, layout, dimensions, layout of the building on the land. The concept allows in a short time to determine the estimated cost and timing of the design and construction of the building. The draft design serves as the basis for justification investment attractiveness object. The concept proposal is the basis for developing design solutions and issuing working documentation.

It is a mistake to think that a concept is just a pretty picture on the basis of which you can start designing a building. In fact, a draft design is the result of a comprehensive analysis a large number various factors, making informed conceptual decisions with reference to the initial technical parameters. At the stage of developing a preliminary design, detailed calculations of structural elements are not carried out, so the engineer must have sufficient knowledge and technical literacy so that conceptual solutions do not contradict building codes. A preliminary design, accompanied by title documents, is used to obtain initial permits from the CAA for design and survey work. On the basis of the draft design, the sequence of construction, the need for the facility in energy supply are determined. The customer receives information about what work needs to be done to prepare the site for development.

While the concept is being developed, PNProject specialists are in constant negotiations with the customer. The customer can make any changes in order to approach the design stage with a high-quality draft design. If the customer's requirements are contrary to building codes, we offer an alternative. The customer can be provided with several conceptual solutions to choose from. Options may differ in minor details or, conversely, be the complete opposite of each other. After analyzing several proposals, the customer chooses the option that suits him in all respects.

The composition of the draft design drawings

The initial data for the development of a draft design is technical task for design, urban planning, topographic survey of the site allocated for development, the wishes of the customer. The composition of the draft design may vary depending on the specifics and purpose of the object. The set of documentation for the "Draft design" section consists of text and graphic parts - an explanatory note, sketches, 3D images of the object. The main sections of the draft design:

• master plan scheme;
• layout of transport routes;
• development of facades;
• floor plans of the building;
• sections of the object in characteristic zones;
• photorealistic general view of the building with elaboration of landscape solutions;
• explanatory note.

The location of the building on the land. The capital construction object cannot be placed on the territory arbitrarily. When choosing the layout of the object and adjacent structures, the requirements are taken into account fire safety, sanitary norms and other building rules. It is important to correctly orient the elements of the house relative to the cardinal points, coordinate the chosen solution with the surrounding landscape and the layout of existing communications, take into account the requirements of transport and pedestrian accessibility, and ensure the correct insolation of the building. On the master plan scheme, not only the projected object is located, but also adjacent buildings, access roads and landscaping elements

Plan form. Having chosen the location of the object, the designer proceeds to determine the shape of the house in the plan. Modern technologies make it possible to build structures of complex configuration, the broadest prospects are open to designers in this direction. For example, in recent years, dome structures built from pneumatic film membranes have been especially popular.

Floor plans. The designer creates sketches for the location of load-bearing walls, partitions, ceilings, roofs, window and door openings, flights of stairs, and foundations. The planning of the main premises is being worked out, schemes for placing equipment and communications are being developed. All solutions are consistent with fire safety requirements. By prior arrangement on the this stage a conceptual drawing of the interiors with the arrangement of furniture and the selection of finishing materials can be performed. When developing all subsections of the preliminary design, the thickness of walls, floors and ceilings, foundation structures, the scheme for laying communications and the characteristics of the selected finishing materials are taken into account. This approach avoids errors in determining the actual height and dimensions of the premises.

Sketches of facades. Architect thinks over the concept appearance buildings, is determined with the types of finishing materials and technologies, thinks over the layout of windows, doors, balconies, terraces. Sketch solutions for the architecture of the facades are consistent with the interior characteristics of the object.

General view of the building. Based on the results of complex work on all the above points, a general view of the building is created in the context of landscape design. To reproduce the external appearance of the building, we use modern 3D visualization programs. The development of a photorealistic 3D model is a complex and time-consuming process that requires a careful and balanced approach to the choice of textures, colors, and materials. As a result, an almost complete copy of the designed building is born. Final Rendering general view of the building is done after agreeing decisions on the location and shape of the building, on the layout of the floors and the execution of the facades.

Explanatory note. The text part of the project provides a description of the characteristics and functional purpose of the object, considers technical and economic indicators, the results of calculations of the technical and economic efficiency of design solutions. AT explanatory note the approximate volume of construction and installation works is indicated. After working out the conceptual design, the picture of the upcoming financial costs and labor costs for the design of the building becomes clear.

High-quality study of the preliminary design- this is a significant factor in minimizing problems and inconsistencies at the design stage. By paying due attention to the conceptual proposal and agreeing on each of its sections, you can be sure that the characteristics of the designed object will fully comply with the requirements of the customer. Fundamental changes made to the draft design eliminate the need for numerous alterations of project documentation. Order a draft design service, and you will be insured against the purchase of a "pig in a poke". Our company has been developing concepts for objects for various purposes for many years. The concept development service can be provided autonomously or as part of design work. By contacting us, you will receive an album of drawings, sketches and photorealistic images of the object being designed, created using modern programs three-dimensional visualization.