The use of tourist facilities in the course of competitions and during trips implies that the tourist has highly developed skills and abilities in organizing insurance. The basis of these skills is knitting tourist knots.

To perform technical tasks while working at a distance, participants use the knots recommended by the "Rules of Sports Tourism Competitions". All knots are conditionally divided into the following groups: knots for tying ropes, loop knots, knots for tying to a support, auxiliary knots.

A correctly tied knot should not have any unnecessary rope crossings, its design should correspond to the patterns of knots that all participants are taught to do before the start of the competition. All knots must be tightened before being used.

Knots for tying ropes

The need for these knots arises when it is necessary to sharpen a short rope, tie a loop around a support, tie the two ends of the rope so as not to interfere, and the like. Almost all knots, in order not to be untied (the ropes do not slip away), are used together with control knots, which are knitted on both sides of the main one. According to the Rules for Sports Tourism Competitions, control knots should be knitted no further than 5 cm from the main knot, the free end of the rope should not be shorter than 5 cm. The following types of these knots are distinguished:

a) straight line. It is knitted very quickly, does not require much effort (Fig. 4.1). However, when the ropes hold a large load, it tightens up a lot and takes a long time to resolve. Therefore, for ropes on which a large load is planned, this type of knot is not advisable to use.

Some tourists suggest sticking a stick inside the knot, so that later, breaking it, it would be easier to untie the knot. However, this measure does not always help, in addition, the stick can interfere with certain actions (pull the knot through the carabiner).

For tying direct node it is necessary to cross the two ends of the ropes (right and left) and tie; cross the free ends again (left to right) and tie. A properly tied straight knot resembles two loops that hold each other. This knot can be knitted with one end of the rope. To do this, one rope is folded in the form of a loop, and the end of the other rope is threaded into the loop, wrapped around and removed from it. During such knitting, it is necessary to ensure that the ends of the rope that do not hold the weight are on one side of the knot. A straight knot is sometimes used to extract a damaged part of the rope that is unsuitable for loading (Fig. 4.2);

Rice. 4.2. straight knot

b) weaving knot. This knot is used to tie ropes of the same thickness, which do not carry heavy loads. Students sometimes refer to this node as the "four checklists". If you tie two control knots with one rope around the other and vice versa, you get a weaving knot (Fig. 4.3);

Rice. 4.3. Weaving knot: a, b - knitting stages

c) counter node. With its shape, it looks like a regular control knot made with a double rope. But the difference is that the load acts on the end of the rope, which "exit" from different sides of the main knot. To tie an oncoming knot, you must first make a control knot on one rope, then thread the end of the second rope through the control one, as if towards the end of the first, completely repeating all its bends, and lay it parallel to each other (Fig. 4.4);

Rice. 4.4. Counter knot: a-g - knitting steps

d) knot "grapevine". This knot is similar to weaving and differs only in that during knitting

control knots of the rope wrap around each other twice, and not once, as in weaving, and there are only two of these knots (Fig. 4.5.);

Rice. 4.5. Knot "grapevine"

d) bramshkotovy knot. To knit a bramshkoto knot, you need to make a loop from the main rope. The auxiliary rope is pulled through this loop, forming a small loop through which its end is pulled twice, wrapping around the loop of the main rope (Fig. 4.6). To prevent a solution, control knots are knitted at the ends of both ropes;

Rice. 4.6. Bramshkotovy knot: a - knot knitting; b - loaded node

e) academic node. The technique of knitting an academic knot resembles the technique of knitting a straight one end. The main rope forms a loop, and the auxiliary rope is pulled through it, twisted twice and removed from the loop of the main rope (Fig. 4.7). Care must be taken that the ends of the auxiliary rope come out on one side of the loop of the main rope.

In the conditions of a hike, there is often a need to throw a rope over an obstacle (a river, an abyss, a deep ravine, etc.). It is easier to do this with an auxiliary rope, and then, tying the main rope to it, organize the crossing. For tying ropes of different thicknesses, a bramshkot knot and an academic knot are used. They are reliable, hold the ropes well and can be tackled easily. When knitting these knots, a loop is formed from a thicker rope and tied with a thinner one.

Rice. 4.7. academic node

AT Everyday life we are often faced with the need to pack, fasten or tie something. Usually in such a situation, we pick up a twine and begin to enthusiastically invent inconceivable designs from knots, twists and weaves, which then are absolutely impossible to unravel. So let's learn how to tie a few more popular knots.

Arbor knot

This is one of the main knots that have been used to fasten the bowstring since ancient times. It is sometimes referred to as the king of knots for its simplicity and versatility. It is used to obtain a non-tightening (!) loop at the end of a straight rope, for attaching a rope to rings or eyelets, for tying ropes.

simple bayonet

The "Simple Bayonet" knot also allows you to tie a non-tightening loop, and it is used mainly in those places that require especially reliable fastening. For example, such knots have long been used in the navy for securing mooring lines to mooring fixtures, for attaching towing cables and heavy loads, and so on.

Toutline

If you need to tie something, but later be able to adjust the length of the rope, then a special knot will come to the rescue, allowing you to easily change the size of the loop. Especially often it is used by tourists for setting up tents and tensioning awnings.

Eight

This is the traditional knot used in all cases where you need to attach something to the rope. It is easy to knit, it can withstand heavy loads, and later such a knot can be quite simply untied to free the rope.

The "Eight" node has two options. The first is used in cases where you have one free end. It looks quite complicated, but once you figure out the sequence of actions, everything will turn out by itself.

The second option can be used when both ends of the rope are free. This knot is so simple that it can be tied with closed eyes, and at the same time it is completely reliable.

Driver's knot

A truly legendary knot that has many different names and more practical applications. This node is used in construction work, during transportation, in tourism and other cases when you need to fasten something tightly and tightly.

For those readers who find it difficult to navigate through animated drawings, there is an additional instruction containing static photos of each step. You can find it at this link.

And what other knots do you consider practically useful and necessary for mastering?

Anchor Hitch - used to attach lines to an object. This knot holds well even when changing the tension of the line.

Bowline, gazebo knot(Bowline) - very universal knot. It ties quickly (when you get the hang of it), it doesn't slip or get stuck. You can easily make a loop with this knot, it can even be used to tie two lines together.

The Clove Hitch is used to attach lines to an object. Not the most reliable knot, but strong enough to attach fenders to lifelines.

Eight (Figure Eight) - stop knot. It is used at the end of the sling to prevent it from slipping out.

The Rolling hitch is a versatile knot with many uses. One of the most important uses is to transfer pressure to another line.

Sheet Bend - used to connect two slings of the same diameter together. In the case of lines with different diameters, or if a more reliable knot is required, use a double clew.

Reef Knot - used to connect reef points on a sail. If it wasn't used for tying shoelaces it probably wouldn't be worth mentioning at all. The traditional phrase for tying this knot is "left over right, then right over left".

Anchor Hitch - used to attach lines to an object. This knot holds well even when changing the tension of the line.

Bowline, gazebo knot (Bowline)

Bowline is a very versatile knot. It ties quickly (when you get the hang of it), it doesn't slip or get stuck. You can easily make a loop with this knot, it can even be used to tie two lines together.

Clove Hitch

A tie knot is used to attach lines to an object. Not the most reliable knot, but strong enough to attach fenders to lifelines.

Figure Eight

Eight - stop knot. It is used at the end of the sling to prevent it from slipping out.

Stop knot (Rolling hitch)

The stopper knot is a versatile knot that has many uses. One of the most important uses is to transfer pressure to another line.

Sheet Bend

A clew is used to connect two slings of the same diameter together. In the case of lines with different diameters, or if a more reliable knot is required, use a double clew.

Reef Knot

The reef knot is used to connect reef points on a sail. If it wasn't used for tying shoelaces it probably wouldn't be worth mentioning at all. The traditional phrase for tying this knot is "left over right, then right over left".

Knots for tying ropes

Weaving knot (c, d)

The knot is easy to tie;

Used to tie ropes of the same diameter;

Control nodes are required;

Can be used for tying fishing lines.

Counter node

The knot is easy to knit, holds well;

- "does not crawl";

It is used for tying ropes of any diameter (a-d), for ribbons (d) and ribbon-rope combinations;

Convenient for knitting various loops, braces, etc.

Knot "counter eight"

Reliable knot, holds well;

- "does not crawl";

Knit slowly;

Strongly tightened;

It is used for tying ropes of both the same and different diameters.

Shkotovy (а-е) and bramshkotovy (а) knots

Reliable knots, easy to knit;

Under load they do not tighten;

The clew knot is used for tying ropes of the same diameter, the clew knot is used for ropes of both the same and different diameters;

Control nodes are required.

Knot "grapevine"

Reliable and beautiful knot;

It takes practice to knit properly;

Under load, it is strongly tightened;

It is used for tying ropes of the same and different diameters, fishing lines;

Convenient for knitting loops, braces, etc.

Hunter knot

Reliable and beautiful knot;

Holds well on soft ropes and ribbons;

Strongly does not drag on;

Difficult to remember, requires practice;

On hard ropes it does not tighten enough;

It is used for tying soft ropes of the same and different diameters, ribbons, nylon threads.

snake knot

Very reliable knot;

- "does not crawl";

Knit slowly;

Requires practice;

Used on thin soft nylon ropes;

On synthetic fishing lines, it is tightened “tightly”.

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Knots for thickening the cable

A simple knot (Fig. 1). This is the simplest of all known knots. To tie it, you need to make a half-knot behind its root end with the running end of the cable. It can be tied at the end or at the middle of the rope. To do this, the running end of the cable is once encircled around its root part and passed into the loop formed. Depending on how it is tied, a simple knot can be left (Fig. 1, a) or right (Fig. 1, b).

It is not only the simplest of all knots, but also the smallest in size. When the cable is pulled, it is so tightly tightened that it is sometimes very difficult to untie it. The Russian folk proverb fits him perfectly: “The knot is not big, but it is tightly tightened.” This knot, like no other, spoils the cable, as it bends it strongly. If, for example, a new vegetable (hemp, manila, or some other) cable is used to lift a weight, on which an unloosened simple knot remains, then the cable, although designed for lifting this load, will break, moreover, in the place where the simple knot is tied. node. It is generally accepted among sailors that the strength of a new vegetable cable, on which a simple knot was tightened with strong traction, which was then untied, will be less than two times than the strength of the same cable, on which there was no knot.

Rice. 1. Simple knot: a - left; b - right

Nevertheless, in the Navy, a simple knot has long been used. When working with plant cables, it served as a temporary means to prevent their cables and strands from unwinding. It was also knitted at regular intervals of 20-30 centimeters on the inclined bowsprit and jib feathers so that the sailors' legs would not slip when working with the front oblique sails.

Rice. 2. "Bloody" knot: a - the first knitting method; b - the second way of knitting

A simple knot was successfully used to fasten wooden balusters to temporary ladders. With this knot, the fishermen of some countries took the so-called "Spanish reef": they tied the upper corner of the jib to reduce its area. Here, perhaps, are all the cases of using a simple knot by sailors in the past.

A simple knot can be useful in everyday life. Sometimes a person gets into trouble: in case of a fire, in order to save his life, he ties a rope from strips of sheets. Usually, in this case, a straight or woman's knot is used (see Fig. 25, 23 below). Applying the latter, at the ends of the strip from the sheet, you need to tie a simple knot. This will ensure that the woman's knot will not untie under the weight of a person who will go down tied rope from the window.

A simple knot is always used to tie a thread at the end so that it does not slip out of the fabric, and to prevent the end of the rope from unwinding if the person does not know how to apply a mark. A simple knot, despite its primitiveness and ability to tighten strongly, is constituent element many nodes, which we will talk about later.

"Bloody" knot (Fig. 2). This knot differs from a simple knot in that its running end, being introduced into the loop, is once more wrapped around the root of the cable. This almost doubles the size of the node.

The ancient inhabitants of Peru - the Incas - used similar knots with a different number of hoses in the knot letter they invented. By tying knots on ropes of a certain color and with the number of hoses inside each knot from one to nine, they kept count up to a five-figure number.

There are two ways to knit such knots. If the number of hoses does not exceed three, they are made by the running end of the cable inside the loop (Fig. 2, a), and if it is more, then the hoses are made around the root of the cable and the running end is passed inside (Fig. 2, b).

Rice. 3. Eight

Since the distant times of the sailing fleet, sailors have such multiple simple knots different countries called "bloody". In the register of punishments for sailors of the military fleets of the past, the beating with molts and whips, which were called "cats", is forgotten in our days. They were a whip woven from a hemp cable, which had from seven to thirteen braids, but more often - nine. Each of the pigtails ended in a knot, on which there were from two to nine hoses. "Cats" were divided into simple and thieves. The latter were more difficult. They were flogged for theft.

When punished with a "cat", the offending sailor was tied by the hands to a lattice hatch, which was placed vertically on the quarterdeck, or to the barrel of a cannon. As a rule, at the same time, the entire crew of the ship was lined up along both sides, and the boatswain (or his assistant), to the beat of a drum, struck blows with a “cat” on the bare back of the punished. The number of hits was in the dozens. Depending on the offense, the sailor could receive from one to twelve dozen as a punishment. Usually, after the third blow, blood appeared on the offender's back, as the knots, tightly tightened at the ends of the “cat” pigtails, cut through the skin (hence the name of the knot). After the first dozen blows, the bloody pigtails of the "cat" stuck together into one bundle and the blows became unbearable, the sailors lost consciousness and died in a state of shock. In order not to lose well-trained sailors in this way in peacetime, the British Admiralty in the middle of the 17th century issued a sanctimonious order: after the first dozen blows, the boatswain's assistant was obliged to separate the pigtails of the “cat” stuck together from the blood. This procedure was called "combing the cat." It was repeated after every dozen strokes. But even the most hardy sailors could not withstand six dozen blows, lost consciousness from pain and died. In modern English, the idiomatic expression “To scratch the cat” has been preserved, which, recalling the barbaric punishment on ships, now has the meaning “to alleviate suffering”.

Nowadays, the “bloody” knot has lost its purpose and finds another use both in everyday life and in various professions, for example, in tailoring and bookbinding to thicken the end of the thread.

Eight (Fig. 3). This knot is considered a classic. It forms the basis of one and a half Dozens of other, more complex nodes for various purposes.

Rice. 4. Stevedoring unit

In the form in which it is shown here, this knot in maritime affairs serves as an excellent stopper at the end of the cable so that the latter does not splash out of the block pulley. Unlike a simple knot, even with strong traction, it does not spoil the cable and can always be easily untied. To tie the figure eight, it is necessary to encircle the running end of the cable around the main one and then pass it into the loop formed, but not immediately, as in a simple knot, but first winding it for yourself.

In everyday life, the figure eight is widely used. First of all, it is very useful for securing the cable when it passes through a hole in an object, for example, in the wooden handle of an outboard motor rope starter.

This knot can be applied to the rope handles of a wooden pail or bucket if the rope passes through the two holes on the protruding ends of the wooden staves. In this case, after threading the rope through both holes, at its ends, on the outer sides, the rivets are tied in a figure-eight. With two figure eights, you can securely attach the rope to the children's sled. To prevent the hand from slipping off the end of the dog leash, we advise you to tie a figure eight. In addition, it serves well for attaching strings to the pegs of violins, guitars, mandolins, balalaikas and others. musical instruments.

Stevedoring unit (Fig. 4). Like the figure eight, this knot is a stopper for cables passing through the pulleys of the blocks. It is knitted in the same way, but with the only difference that the running end is inserted into the loop after it has been wrapped around the root end of the cable twice. When tightening this knot, make sure that the hoses at the root end do not twist and slip into the loop. A tightened stevedoring knot is easier to untie if you pull on the loop that is closer to the root end.

Rice. 5. Lufer knot: a - the first knitting method; b - the second way of knitting

The name of this knot is of American origin. It first appeared in explanatory dictionary in English Webster in 1890. The compilers of this dictionary borrowed it from the knotting manual issued by the American rope company Stevedore Ropes.

Lufer node (Fig. 5). In the days of the sailing fleet, this ancient marine knot was used to tension the shrouds with the help of cable lanyards and yufers. It was knitted at the end of the lanyard in order to hold the latter in the hole of the lufer. The diagram shows two ways to knit it. The first method (Fig. 5, a), based on a simple knot, involves inserting the running end into the loop from below between the root and running ends, followed by passing it under itself. The second way of knitting a lufer knot (Fig. 5, b) involves tying a figure eight and pulling both ends into its corresponding loops, as shown by two arrows.

The peculiarity of the lufer knot is that it is relatively easy to untie it even if it is strongly tightened.

Oyster knot (Fig. 6). Despite its name, this knot, like the eight, due to its symmetry, is successfully used by musicians to fasten the strings of a violin, guitar, mandolin and other musical instruments to the pegs. In size, a tightened oyster knot is much larger than a figure eight, and therefore it is used in cases where the holes on the pegs for some reason are larger than necessary for a particular string.

Rice. 6. Oyster knot: a - knitting pattern; b - knot-ornament

Rice. 7. Multiple eight

This knot has one feature of tying: it is tightened in two steps (Fig. 6, a). First, tie a running simple knot (see Fig. 82 below) and tighten it. After passing the running end of the cable into the loop, tighten the knot again. If the oyster knot is tightened in one step, then it is not formed correctly.

On fig. 6, b shows the scheme of the oyster knot, indicating its symmetry. In this form, it can serve as a good decorative ornamental knot for finishing a women's dress or a pattern for embroidery.

Multiple figure eight (Fig. 7). Imagine that you need to tie a rope around a large cardboard box, bale or old suitcase. Having done this, you found that one and a half meters of rope remained unused. By tying the running end of the rope around the part for which you have to carry this load, with a multiple eight you will not only shorten the rope, but also make a convenient handle for this burden.

The “multiple eight” knot can be used in all cases when it becomes necessary to temporarily shorten the cable or exclude an unreliable part of its length from work if there is a fear that it will break. The multiple figure eight is a good handle for both a dog leash and a children's sled rope.

To make the knot even and tight, as you tie it, pull each hose, moving it to the previous one. If you later need to use the entire length of the rope, the multiple eight is easy to untie. No matter how tightly it is tightened, this knot will not spoil the rope.

Rice. 8. "Fire Escape"

"Fire escape" (Fig. 8). In the daily activities of sailors, steeplejacks, builders, firefighters, mine rescuers and rock climbers, it is often necessary to use the so-called pendant with musings. A pendant in the Navy is called a vertically hanging vegetable cable, fixed to something by the upper part, and musings are thickenings on it, woven into it in the form of knots, at regular intervals. With the help of such cables, the sailors sit in the boats standing at the side of the ship. But the made pendant with musings is not always at hand when you urgently need to go down the cable overboard or climb a sheer wall if there is neither a ladder nor a ladder. Imagine, for example, such a situation. A man fell into the water from the deck of a ship in the port. On the deck there is a free coil of plant cable. If you drop a line to a fallen one, it is unlikely that he will be able to climb aboard: the cable may be synthetic, and in the port there is usually a layer of oil on the surface of the water. The hands of a person who has fallen overboard will slide along a cable that does not have musings. In such a situation, the "fire escape" helps out.

As already mentioned, a simple knot is a component of many useful knots. The "fire escape" consists of a series of simple knots that are knitted one after the other very quickly (20 knots can be tied in half a minute). It is magnificent in its simplicity and effectiveness, but it requires skill and clarity in execution.

The knitting of this knot begins with the formation of a certain number of pebbles wound one after another. Take the running end of the cable in your left hand, stepping back from its edge 15-20 centimeters. Make the first peg with a diameter of no more than 10 centimeters so that the root end of the cable is at the bottom. Then make exactly the same pebble and press the thumb of your left hand to the tips of the others. In the same way, make 5-7 pebbles, evenly stacked one on top of the other. So that they do not move out and are not tangled, put them on the fingers extended upwards (except the thumb) of the left hand. You will get a kind of rope "glass". Carefully remove it from your fingers so that it does not crumble or flatten. Now the running end that you held in your left hand, pass inside this “cup” and bring it out on the other side. Place the "glass" on your left palm and clasp it on all sides with five fingers. With the bent fingertips of your right hand, hold the upper hose of the “cup” and slowly, without jerking, pull the running end of the cable sticking out of the “cup” up. As this running end is pulled out, simple knots will be tied on it. Their number will correspond to the number of pebbles made, and the distance between them will correspond to the length of their circumference.

In the described way, the knots can be quickly tied, fasten one end of the rope to the battery, to the leg of the bed (table), throw the other end out the window and, if necessary, go down the rope (for example, in case of fire).

Such a situation is also possible. You need to pull out a car stuck in the mud. There is a long rope and people ready to help. To make it more convenient for them to pull, tie a “fire escape” on the ground so that the knots go about every meter.

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Non-tightening knots

A simple half bayonet (Fig. 9). A simple half-bayonet, being the simplest of non-tightening knots, is widely used in maritime affairs. It serves as the final element of many knots. Enclose the running end of the cable around the object to which you want to tie the cable, then around the root end of the cable and pass it into the loop formed. After that, attach the running end of the cable with a grapple to the root end. The knot tied in this way reliably withstands strong traction. It may move towards the subject, but it will never drag on.

A simple half-bayonet is used to connect two cables with “alien” and “own” ends.

A simple bayonet (Fig. 10). Two identical half-bayonets make up a knot that sailors call a simple bayonet. The expression “throw half a bayonet” means to add another run-out and crossing of the running end around the root end of the cable to the already made knot. The diagram shows a non-tightening knot widely used in maritime affairs - one of the simplest and most reliable knots for attaching mooring lines to mooring bollards, bitten, cannons and bollards. To distinguish a correctly tied bayonet from an incorrect bayonet, the two loops of the knot must be brought together. If this turns out to be a knotted knot (see Fig. 48), then it means that a simple bayonet was tied correctly. For such a bayonet, its running end, both after the first and after the second peg, should exit equally above or below its end. In an inverted, i.e., incorrectly tied simple bayonet (Fig. 10, b), the running end after the second pebble goes in the opposite direction, not like after the first.

Rice. 9. Simple half bayonet

When two loops of an inverted knotted bayonet are brought together, a cow knot is obtained instead of a bleached one (see Fig. 46). If the half bayonets of a simple bayonet are made in different directions, then when the cable is pulled, they will converge together and the knot will tighten. The main use of a simple bayonet in the navy is to fasten the mooring ends to the mooring fixtures, fasten the falls of the cargo arrows to the butts and eyelets, and fasten the cargo pendant to the load being lifted.

Rice. 10. A simple bayonet: a - properly tied; 6 - inverted (not correct)

The maximum number of half bayonets in such a knot under any circumstances should not exceed three, since this is quite enough and the strength of the knot as a whole will not increase with a larger number of half bayonets. The reliability of this mooring knot is eloquently expressed by the old English maritime proverbs: "Two half-bayonets saved the queen's ship" and "Three half-bayonets are more than enough for the royal yacht."

Sailors often use two simple bayonets to temporarily connect two mooring lines, cable lines and perlines.

On the shore, this simple but reliable knot can be used in all cases when the cable needs to be temporarily attached to some object for strong traction, for example, by a hook when towing a car.

Bed bayonet (Fig. 11). For many centuries, sailors on ships were bedded by a hammock-shaped canvas hanging bunk with a thin crushed cork mattress. On the plan, it looks like a rectangle, on the small sides of which there are eight eyelets for the so-called stentros.

Fig.11. Bed bayonet

These shkentros are connected in rings, which, in turn, are hung by the bunk posts to special eyelets in the beams or to rods made in the cockpit of the ship for hanging beds for the night. During the day, rolled-up bunks, along with pillows, blankets and sheets, were stored in the so-called bed nets along the side of the deck and served as a reliable parapet from cannonballs and shrapnel during the battle. In the evening, before lights out, at the command “Bunks down!” they were carried below deck and hung. Tying a knot to hang a bunk is serious business. Here you need to use a knot that would not be tightened, easily untied and held securely. The most important thing is that it does not untie itself under the influence of the continuous pitching of the ship. Sailors used various knots to hang their beds, but the bayonet was considered the most reliable.

A simple bayonet with a hose (Fig. 12). This knot differs from a simple bayonet by one additional hose around the object to which the cable is attached. It also serves mainly for fastening cables and perlines during mooring.

Rice. 12. A simple bayonet with a hose

for bollards, bitengs and paly, but is used, unlike a simple bayonet, in cases where there is no need to quickly give up the mooring lines. This knot is also convenient for attaching a cable to a hook, fire, eye, etc. Two hoses around the object make this knot more reliable during long stops, in any case, due to the additional hose, it will not fray as quickly as a simple bayonet.

A simple bayonet with two hoses (Fig. 13). In fact, this is also a kind of simple bayonet. The difference from the previous node is an additional, third hose. It increases the strength of the knot if the cable experiences constant friction against the bollard or bitten. Attaching the cable to the hook using this knot is a very reliable method.

Fig. 13. A simple bayonet with two hoses

A bayonet with a run-out (Fig. 14). If for a simple bayonet with two hoses the latter pass to the side of the attachment point of the root end, then for this knot they are placed one on each side. This gives the knot greater symmetry, the knot, in the event of a change in the direction of the thrust, moves less along the object for which it is tied.

Rice. 14. Bayonet

To tie a bayonet with a fence, you first need to make one hose around the object with the running end, surround it behind the root end and make the hose again, but in the other direction. This is followed by one or two half bayonets.

Rice. 15. Fishing bayonet (anchor knot)

Fishing bayonet (anchor knot) (Fig. 15). One of the most critical cases of using a knot in maritime business is tying an anchor rope to an anchor. For five thousand years of the existence of shipping, people for this purpose could not come up with a more reliable knot than a fishing bayonet. Proven by centuries of experience in maritime practice, this knot is recognized by sailors of all countries as the most reliable for attaching a rope to an eye or to an anchor bracket.

Rice. 16. Reverse bayonet

Rice. 17. Mast bayonet

The fishing bayonet (or anchor knot) is somewhat similar to a simple bayonet with a hose (see Fig. 12). It differs from it in that the first of the two half-bayonets passes additionally inside the hose that wraps around the object. When using this knot for anchoring, it is always necessary to grab the running end with a scrum to the root. In this case, even with a very strong pull, the fishing bayonet does not tighten and holds securely. It can be safely used in all cases when working with cables, when they are subject to strong traction.

Reverse bayonet (Fig. 16). When mooring ships to marinas and berths, a situation often arises when it is very difficult to enclose the running end of the cable around a bollard or log. Sometimes you have to literally crawl under the pier in order to thread the end of the log or eye from the bow of the boat or boat. Using a reverse bayonet, you can wrap the cable around the desired object once and at the same time tie a knot with two hoses around the object to which you are attaching the moorings. To do this, the running end of the cable must be doubled over a length of 2-3 meters and, looping forward, passing it around the object, pull the loop towards you. Now the running end of the cable must be threaded into this loop, and for the root end, take out the slack and finish the knot with two half bayonets. The reverse bayonet is convenient for use in cases where access to the object to which they want to attach the cable is difficult or inconvenient for tying the knot, for example, to the tow hook for some brands of cars.

Mast bayonet (Fig. 17). Here the original combination of two good knots gives a reliable and simple knot. First, a bleached knot is tied around the object to which the cable is attached (see Fig. 48) and an ordinary bayonet is made at the root end of the cable, which, as you know, is also a modified bleached knot. To prevent the mast bayonet from being tightened, the first knot is not fully tightened.

Rice. 18. Towing knot

Rice. 19. Port hub

Towing knot (Fig. 18). This knot is used to fasten the cable to the towing hook or bitten. They can delay or bleed the towing line. Due to the successive application of several cable hoses to the bit, the towing end can be etched from the bit, and when the tension of the tug is loosened, it can be selected again in the form of loops thrown over the bit from above.

Port node (Fig. 19). To hold the mooring synthetic end on a twin bollard is a simple matter. But what if, instead of a double bollard, you have a single bollard (or biteng) at your disposal, and there is no fire at the end of the mooring line? For this purpose, there are several original knots in marine practice. Let us explain the principle of one of them, which can be attributed to the number of non-tightening knots.

First, around a single bollard, you need to make several hoses with the running end of the mooring cable. After that, fold the running end in half and in this form, in a loop, pass it under the stretched root part of the cable, turn the loop 360 degrees and throw it on top of the bollard. This knot does not slip, holds securely. The cable can be given away at any moment, even if the mooring lines are under strong tension. To do this, you need to slightly select the running end passing under the root end and increase the loop, after which it will not be difficult to throw it off the bollard.

Rice. 4 a. Rice. 4 b. Bramsheet

Rope. Such a seemingly simple thing, but how much comfort it adds! Drying clothes and sleeping bags, building a canopy from the rain are the most common tasks where the rope becomes a convenient, and sometimes indispensable tool. Having a few meters of rope in your backpack is not all. You must be able to use it, that is, know the basic tourist nodes.

Here are collected the most, in my opinion, practical and simple nodes that help solve most of the problems that arise in tourist outings. For convenience, they are all divided by purpose.

Tie two ropes of the same thickness

possible in several ways.

Quick and easy to knit, but slippery. Requires control knots at the ends for belaying, otherwise it can untie under load, especially if the rope is synthetic and / or wet. Control nodes here I will call control nodes. Without controls, a direct knot can be used in cases where reliability is not critical, to tie up a bunch of firewood there, etc.

reef

Same as straight, but with the ability to instantly untie. You most likely knit shoelaces “on a bow”. Reef is a kind of "semi-bow".

Conductor

The conductor is called so because when it is tied, the ends of the rope are passed through the loop. The conductor is a real ascetic. It is reliable, simple and does not require controls. If, instead of two ends, knit it with a loop, then this loop will turn out to be rigid (it will not tighten under load) and will not slip. Its only drawback is that it is very difficult to untie. Temporary ligaments are better for them not to do.

Bowline

The same as the conversation. A very powerful knot that can keep even a stretched string from slipping. It is tightened almost as tightly as the conductor, so it is difficult to untie. Controls are not needed.

Counter

Slightly exotic design

This is the best option for a bunch of any belts, tapes or slings. The knot turns out to be small, and the ends do not stick out to the sides, as it would have happened in any other case.

Weaving

Tie ropes of different thicknesses

It happens that you need one long rope, but there are several short ropes of different thicknesses available.

clew

Shkotovy quickly knits, quickly unties. Suitable only for constant loads, with variables it slips and unties. An excellent solution for temporary connection of different-sized ropes.

Bramsheet

Reinforced version of the clew.

Academic

An academic knot can also be used to tie ropes of different thicknesses. Unlike clew and bramshkot, it can be used with variable loads. This complicated version of the direct node has all its properties.

Attach the rope to a rigid base

A rigid foundation can be understood as anything stable. Trees, stakes or stones are excellent bases.

Bayonet

This is the easiest way to attach a rope to a rigid base. The bayonet is a rigid loop that can be quickly tied and easily untied. The control at the end can be replaced with another "half bayonet".

bowline loop

The bowline in the loop does not tighten when loaded. Another name for it is a rescue knot, because. they can be tied with one hand.

You don't want the loop to slide over the warp? Then it should tighten under load. A noose is the simplest such loop.

Two more travel loops

They can also come in handy at home. This is the figure eight and the middle conductor. Both are rigid and easily untied.

"Eight"

It looks like a conductor, but has one more turn. Thanks to him, the figure eight frays the rope less under load, so this knot is considered one of the most reliable. It can also be used to tie two ropes together. Control is not required.

Universal. Despite the fact that it is in the middle, this conductor can also be used with one free end. Control is not required. Easily untied if needed. To tie it, you do not need the end of the rope - a loop is enough.

Rope tension without sagging

"British scientists" say that you can not pull the rope without sagging. They just didn't try. In practice, the rope can be pulled so tight that you can pull yourself up on it. It will still sag, but only British scientists will notice this.

The essence of the method is to make a block with the help of the middle conductor and use it to increase the tensile force.

Improved rope tension

If the length of the rope and the thickness of the base allow, then after tension, you can make several turns with the rope around the base. Then it will be easier to fix the end on the rope.

A rope in skillful hands is an excellent tool for creating coziness and comfort in field conditions. Knowledge of knots and the ability to knit them is one of the basic skills