If you understand technology and are friends with electronic devices, and you cannot spend a day without fixing something, then the refrigerator restoration business is what you need! Or suppose you have friends refrigerator repairman, well, how about you, an entrepreneur with a capital letter, it’s just a sin not to take advantage of creating good capital on this. In this article, we will try to explain how to start your own small business by repairing refrigeration units at home, and as a result, get a good income.

What is the benefit?

In such a business as repairing refrigerators, there is one big plus - this is a minimum of costs and investments. This is especially important when you want to start, but you doubt whether you will trample or not trample. Of course, you still have to spend a certain amount, at least to buy a minimum amount of the most popular spare parts for refrigerators and of course you can't do without freon. But if we compare the costs of opening a cafe, a hairdresser or a store, then buying equipment for repairing refrigerators is nothing. The advantages of working from home at the customer's place are convenience for the customer, since it is quite problematic in terms of time and money to take the refrigerator to the service center. For the master, the plus is that you do not need to pay for the rental of the premises. Once things are going up, you can of course rent a space and set up a workshop, allow for the hiring of not one but several craftsmen, as well as the purchase of a delivery vehicle. But all this will happen later, and at the beginning of opening a business, you will have to minimize costs.

Where to begin?

First of all, you need a good refrigerator repair specialist. If it is, then 50% of success is in your pocket. Discuss the terms of cooperation with him. If this is a beginner, without a tool, then it will be fair to divide the profit from each order 50/50, since you need to buy everything you need. If the master is experienced and with his own tool, then offer 60-70% of the total income.

Your primary task will be to find a client, for this you need to launch a good advertising company - this is very important at the beginning of starting a business, and then word of mouth will greatly simplify the task of finding clients, but this is subject to the good quality of work performed, service and flexible pricing policy. To get started, try placing ads in local newspapers, radio, and television. Banners around the city with the inscription, for example, " repair of refrigerators in Kharkov for the most low prices at home' will definitely do their job. It will be great if you advertise in the public transport of your city, in trolleybuses, metro, minibuses, etc. Hire a person to put up ads and hand out a sheet at the subway exit with a repair list. How much you manage to be an advertising agent will affect your income.

One of the important conditions for any business is to minimize initial capital. It is this factor that makes it possible to minimize possible risks. But there are very few such ideas for business, and all of them, as they say, are worth their weight in gold. One of these promising options is the repair of refrigerators. Of course, it will not be possible to completely get rid of costs, but there is no need to invest amounts, as when organizing a large engineering company (for example, Ingersoll Rand).

Initially, you should focus on household refrigerators, as well as refrigeration equipment for small businesses. It is the easiest to maintain and repair, and therefore does not require special knowledge and experience from you (and the specialists you hired). In most cases, refrigerators have a fairly simple design, and therefore the repair consists in identifying a malfunction and replacing failed parts with new ones.

Minor faults can be fixed right on the spot. To do this, you need to have with you not only a set of tools, but also several thermostats and temperature sensors for various (most common) models. They are the ones that fail the most.

More complex breakdowns can only be repaired in a workshop, and therefore you need to take care of the premises, part of which, perhaps, will serve as an office. When the level of orders becomes constant, some of the staff will always be busy in the workshop, and some - on the road. For a repair company in a small town, 4 people are enough - 2 on the road, 2 in the workshop.

In order to organize the delivery of equipment, you will need transport. One cargo Gazelle will be enough. This can be either a personal car or a cargo taxi with which you enter into an oral (or written) agreement. If the city is small and there are not so many orders (especially large ones), then it is not at all necessary to have a driver in a car in the state.

Another thing is if you have a large volume of orders, or you cooperate under a contract with authorized services. Then you will have to send a part of the equipment that cannot be repaired in the conditions of your workshop, and this simply requires transport.

It is rather difficult to make any profit calculations, but it is quite possible to estimate that with an average cost of home repairs of 500-700 rubles and repairs in a workshop of 1500-3000 rubles, with a good number of orders, it is quite possible to receive 200-300 thousand net income in a month, which is a lot of money even for 4 staff members and one driver.
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The business of installing, maintaining split systems and air conditioners is a profitable and relatively simple undertaking for novice entrepreneurs. Climate technology is used everywhere, so there will be no shortage of a potential client in need of high-quality installation and service of such equipment.

How to start a business

Initially, you need to register your future activities with the tax authorities, that is, register as an individual entrepreneur. Why do you need these documents:

• passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation and an application for state registration;
• a receipt (cheque) confirming the payment of the state duty,
• scanned copy of TIN certificate.

Registration of IP is the least expensive in terms of finances and time. At the same time, a simplified taxation system will be applied, in which from 6 to 15% is levied in favor of the state (either from net profit or from gross income). When applying, please indicate the following codes OKVED:

• 29.23.9, is responsible for the provision of assembly, repair work and maintenance of industrial refrigeration and ventilation equipment;
• 45.33, regulates the conduct of sanitary and technical work at the facilities.

The following additional codes may also be useful, which will allow you to expand the scope of the enterprise in a legal field:

• 51.43.1 - Wholesale trade in household electrical goods;
• 52.45.1 - Retail sale of household electrical goods;
• 74.20.15 - Design in the field of air conditioning, refrigeration, etc.

Activity Licensing

If we are talking only about the maintenance of air conditioners (without installation work), then no permissions are required for this. When the activity also extends to the installation and repair of climate equipment, which are equated to the construction industry, then in order to be admitted to such a business, you need to be a member self-regulatory organization(SRO). To enter the SRO, you must pay an entry fee, as well as justify a sufficient level of competence and ability to competently carry out engineering surveys and installation work.

Office organization

At the start of business you can do without an office, negotiating with clients on their or neutral territory, as well as by phone. But in the future it is better to have your own representative office, and in the area where it will be convenient for you to serve the largest number customers. To organize an office, a room of 20-30 square meters is enough, it will be possible to place office equipment, furniture, communications equipment, take orders, draw up service contracts.

It is advisable for a novice businessman to place an office space in a large residential area, where there will be a large amount of work in high-rise buildings. It is good if there is a construction of residential areas with developed infrastructure nearby. Then it will be possible to receive orders for maintenance or installation of climate control not only in apartments, but shopping malls, beauty salons, pharmacies and other organizations.

How much money do you need to start a business

The amount of initial investment depends on the climatic conditions of the region, local pricing policy and demand for the service. At the initial stage, you can only deal with the maintenance of air conditioners and split systems. Your responsibilities: replacement, refueling of components and other service without dismantling/installation of equipment. So start-up capital will go to:

• rent office space- 20,000 rubles;
• promotions - 25,000 rubles;
• purchase of office equipment, household expenses, office equipment - 8,000-10,000 rubles;
• Fuel and lubricants and other expenses - 40,000 rubles.

If you plan to install purchased air conditioners or split systems, then it makes sense to purchase (order) several options for wholesale equipment of different price groups and configurations. To resell them later with installation. This will require, in dollar terms, in the regions of the Russian Federation from 20 to 50 thousand, and up to 150 thousand - in Moscow and the region.

How profitable is the business

Peak request for installation, inspection or repair service climate technology falls in the spring and summer. Service prices depend on the model of the device. For example, the diagnosis of a conventional window air conditioner costs 1,150 rubles, and a split system (cassette) costs 1,300 rubles. Checking the operation of a multi-split system (both units) will cost the client 6,500 rubles. etc. Cleaning the indoor unit (including the evaporator and drainage) in various modifications and without dismantling can range from 1500 to 2500 rubles. Service with dismantling at a price reaches 7 thousand rubles, and serious repairs - the upper price limit is about 20 thousand rubles.

Plus - filling cooling systems with freon averages 1200 rubles, and the price of freon is 1000 rubles per kg. average cost delivery and installation of one air conditioner reaches 25-30 thousand rubles. Serving two or three orders per week for installation, several for diagnostics, you can reach an income of 300-700 thousand in the first month of operation.

In the future, having gained experience and clientele, it makes sense to expand the range of climate services, since the registration of entrepreneurship in accordance with OKVED codes allows this. Since it is not only air conditioning, but also ventilation and heating. In addition, reputable firms enter into contracts for year-round service maintenance climate control.

A one-time service during the operation of the equipment can cost the client within 3500-4000 rubles. Regular maintenance, for example, 3 split systems under a contract, which includes refueling, can cost from 3 to 20 thousand per year. The price depends on how much service work the company undertakes to do and on the type of equipment.

Technology of installation and service of climate equipment, mounting equipment

Air conditioner maintenance service consists of: cleaning the filters in the indoor unit and in the drainage system, controlling the temperature difference and cleaning the unit heat exchanger inside, checking the operating pressure in the system, charging with freon, as well as diagnosing various malfunctions. It is possible to dismantle the equipment in order to detect a malfunction, repair, and more.

The process of installation of air conditioning equipment consists of: installation of outdoor and indoor units, laying inter-unit communication. A fairly simple technology requires a certain professionalism from the installers. Since the ingress of dirt and dust into the refrigeration circuit will disable the unit. The aesthetic appearance of the entire system and its connecting elements is also important. Therefore, it is better to have your own trained staff, rather than hire third-party workers who can create an unattractive image for your company.

To perform work on the installation of air conditioners, you will need the following list of tools:

• perforators (at least 2 pcs.);
• wall chaser, in extreme cases, grinder;
• vacuum pump - removes moisture / air from the cooling circuit;
• industrial concrete pump;
• charging cylinder and gauge manifold;
• apparatus for testing the cooling circuit for leaks;
• tools for cutting, bending, scraping and rolling pipes;
• equipment for soldering pipes.
• freon kits.

The cost of a set of tools (assembly, repair, diagnostic) can range from five hundred to five thousand in dollar terms.

Advertising and promotion of climate services

At the start of a business, you will need a large advertising company to be recognized in the service market. To do this, you need to use banners, streamers, print media and online advertising. Distribution of booklets in residential and office blocks personal acquaintance with leaders construction firms etc. Do not be stingy on the Internet site, where information about the service, prices, contacts and the ability to order any work online will be presented in an accessible form.

Promising, albeit costly, repair will be household appliances as a business. Let's talk in detail about how to open a workshop in this direction and what should a novice entrepreneur focus on? After all, the presence of certain skills does not always guarantee success in the service market.

This type of business is different in that it can be started both with minimal investment and invest several million rubles in the arrangement of the workshop. But in any case, with a competent approach, a good specialist eventually begins to receive stable income because the demand for such services is growing every day.

Features of work

Before implementing this business idea, you need to evaluate all the pros and cons of the chosen direction, as well as objectively analyze your capabilities. There are certain subtleties here:

1. Only a person who is well versed in the nuances of the operation of most electrical appliances can be engaged in the repair of equipment. Therefore, first you need to learn how to repair at least some devices in order to be able to provide services. narrow specialization. The versatility of the master is the key to the rapid expansion of the client base.
2. Modern technology is different in that the fashion for it is rapidly changing. It makes no sense to repair most of the devices, since spare parts for them are not produced by manufacturers or are too expensive.
3. In order to save initial investment, you can start working on a call to your home. This gives a chance to develop the business gradually, purchasing equipment and renting premises only when the first profit from the activity arrives.
4. In some cities, it makes sense to open several collection points at once, which will significantly increase the number of orders.
5. In this area, there is high competition between workshops. In addition, warranty and post-warranty service is offered by the manufacturers themselves, cooperating with stores or having their own service centers. Therefore, in order to break through, you need to correctly think over the entire development strategy.

Speaking of where to start entrepreneurial activity, then it is better to carefully analyze the market. To do this, evaluate competitors, prices, services offered, consumer demand and their ability to pay.

Sometimes it makes sense to establish cooperation with similar firms, occupying adjacent narrow areas and mutually beneficially exchanging clients. For example, a workshop that specializes in refrigerators can recommend a washing machine service professional without compromising its operations.

Business Format

A household appliance repair shop can look different - from a small room where only small devices are accepted, mainly telephones, TVs, kettles, to a reputable company where they service large refrigerators, washing machines, boilers, etc.

It is also worth deciding on what the concept of your institution is. There are two main options:

• You act as an independent company, repairing any equipment of all well-known manufacturers.
• You are an official representative for warranty and post-warranty service of a certain brand and do not undertake products of other brands. Franchises often work according to this principle, where the business owner is forced to obey corporate rules. But it is possible to cooperate in this way and being a more independent unit.

In the first case, you yourself will have to earn a name and reputation in the market, but you yourself decide in which direction to move and what policy to use for development. The second option often turns out to be too expensive and unprofitable for a beginner, although it offers a well-known brand and a certain audience of customers in return.

Each case has its pros and cons. You only need to decide whether it will be beneficial or not to cooperate with any company or it is better to give preference to lesser fame, but significantly expand the circle potential clients through service different equipment.

Registration questions

If you carry out repairs with your own hands and offer services only to private clients, then it is enough to issue an IP (individual entrepreneurship). But in the case of a prospect for expansion and the appearance of clients in the form of organizations, it is still better to open an LLC (legal entity).

The taxation regime is more often chosen by UTII, in which it is enough to pay a fixed rate. Although at high costs for spare parts and various equipment, replenishment of tools, it makes sense to give preference to the simplified tax system, according to which deductions will depend on the difference between the income and expenses of the company.

Be sure to enter the correct OKVED code. In this case, 52.72 is suitable, which refers to the repair of household products. note that individual entrepreneur, especially when doing work at the client's home, it is allowed not to have cash register. True, in this case, you will have to keep strict records on special forms, which are also registered with the tax office.

Activities for the repair of household appliances do not require unnecessary checks of the SES and other bodies. True, when arranging the workshop, you still have to go through the control of the State Inspectorate, which will check the presence of a fire alarm, a fire extinguisher, an emergency exit and the safety of electrical wiring.

You don't need a license to do this either. But some firms decide on voluntary certification, thanks to which they can perform technical expertise. Also, this move helps to significantly increase the trust of customers and raise the reputation of specialists to a new level.

Room selection

If we talk about the place where the workshop will be located, then there are several options:

1. City center - although the rent will be high, but the convenience of the location will provide a large flow of customers.
2. Sleeping area - you can significantly save on the monthly fee for the premises, as well as avoid high competition.
3. Set up equipment collection points in different parts of the city, and carry out repairs somewhere in a more convenient and cheaper building.
4. Perform work at the client's home without renting a separate office.

If you are going to win the trust of a potential audience, as well as offer maintenance services for a wide variety of equipment, then it makes sense to rent a room of 20-70 sq. m. It should be convenient to place a reception point, an office for the master, utility rooms. Keep in mind that the larger items you repair, the more space you need to store them.

Necessary equipment

A household appliance repair business can be organized with minimum investment. To do this, it is enough to buy a simple set of tools and inexpensive diagnostic devices. But to create a serious workshop where a variety of household appliances are serviced, you will have to worry about the availability of special equipment:

• oscilloscope;
• soldering irons;
• testers;
• hand tools (screwdrivers, wrenches);
• ampervoltmeter;
• spectrum analysis;
• frequency meter;
• hot air soldering station;
• digital multimeter;
• power unit;
• consumables - lubricants, sealants, gaskets, rubber bands, etc.

To equip the premises, you will have to purchase some furniture, a comfortable table for the master, shelves and racks for storing spare parts and tools. If you are accepting oversized equipment for repair, you will definitely need to freight transport for its transportation. It is enough to purchase an inexpensive GAZelle model, which has a good capacity and cheap maintenance.

Please note that the speed of repair depends largely on the ability to obtain the required parts from direct suppliers. Therefore, make sure that the most popular parts are always in your warehouse or arrive at short term after order. At the same time, pay attention to their quality and originality, otherwise you will not be able to provide a guarantee to the client.

Sometimes it makes sense to purchase obsolete refrigerators, washing machines and other appliances, as some customers will want to repair similar products, and it will not be possible to find old parts on the market. Form own assortment available parts to get the job done that no one else can do.

Is staff needed?

If you decide to open a repair shop and deal with all issues yourself, then this will significantly save start-up costs. But over time, as the company grows, you will have to hire assistants:

1. Masters - the more there are, the faster you can serve customers and take an unlimited number of orders.
2. A dispatcher is needed when calls are received much more often than the owner has time to receive them personally.
3. Accountant - can be incoming or perform work in outsourcing mode.
4. Driver and loader - to deliver equipment from customers to the workshop and back.

When selecting professional masters, pay attention to their skills, abilities, versatility. Sometimes it makes sense to hire a less experienced person and teach him all the subtleties. This will help you save on wages and also you will be confident in the skills of a specialist.

The higher the competition in the city, the more important it is to pay attention marketing strategy. Inform the population about the services provided, promotions, the quality of work by all available means:

• hand out business cards
• install a prominent sign above the entrance to the workshop;
• place ads in printed publications, at the entrances in the nearest area, at stops, on buses, etc .;
• create your own website, which contains a list of basic services, an address and telephone number for communication, as well as reviews of satisfied customers;
• use the Internet to promote and form a good company image;
• it makes sense to establish cooperation with household appliances stores or various similar workshops that differ in a different specialization;
• place the company phone on your own transport (personal and cargo from the company).

It also makes sense to get a few large customers in the form of organizations, receiving regular orders from them for the maintenance of equipment. And remember that the most successful advertising is word of mouth. If your customers leave satisfied, they will definitely recommend your workshop to all their friends and acquaintances. Therefore, always try to do the work efficiently and quickly.

Here you can download for free as a sample.

Financial component

General indicators the profitability of the project is estimated at only 6-10%, which can scare away start-up entrepreneurs. But it should be understood that even with a slow return on investment, the profit promises to be stable.

Much also depends on what capital investments were at the start. After all, sometimes masters start their business with minimal cost and buy more equipment or tools only when income covers monthly needs.

When drawing up a business plan, most of the money has to be spent on the purchase of equipment:

To these costs, you will have to add another small amount for paperwork, and also keep in mind that you need to pay monthly utility bills, labor of hired craftsmen, taxes, etc.

If we talk about the profitability and payback of the project, then it largely depends on the number of clients served, the complexity of the tasks, the established rates and other factors. For example, for a home visit, you can take an additional 500 rubles, and evaluate the repair itself depending on the size of household appliances:

1. Overall - 8,000 rubles each.
2. Medium - 3,000.
3. Small - no more than 1,500 rubles.

When providing additional services, for example, from the sale of spare parts, you can count on other sources of profit. But in general, with the cost of a minimum set of equipment, it will not be possible to recoup the initial investment earlier than in 1-2 years.

Video: repair of household appliances at home or in the workshop.