Presentation and development of the lesson "Water and health" for grade 2.

Topic: Water and human health

Goals: To acquaint children with the importance of water for human health.

Promote the development of curiosity, independence, mutual assistance.

To create conditions for children to assimilate the correct attitude to health, the rules of behavior and safety in water bodies, and hardening of the body.

During the classes.

Application

Group work

1 group

What kind of water can you drink?

Answer the questions based on the textbook article on pages 59-60:

1. What kind of water should not be drunk?

2. What kind of water can you drink?

3. What drinks are good for the human body?

4. What drinks are not healthy?

2 group

Hardening with water

Select statements on the topic (Put + or -):

1. In the morning, after washing, rinse your hands, face, neck with water at room temperature.

2. Eat vegetables and fruits every day.

3. Wipe your body with a damp towel in the morning.

4. Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing and coughing.

5. Take a shower, gradually lowering the temperature of the water. Alternate hot and cold water.

6. Wash your feet every day before going to bed with cool water, making it gradually colder.

3 group

Cleanliness is the key to health

Connect the beginning and end of statements on the topic:

To be clean and healthy, you need to brush them with toothpaste.

at least 2 times a day.

To keep your teeth healthy, you need to wash your face, neck,

hands and ears, and hands necessarily after

walks, toilet, games, trips, etc.

To keep your hair healthy, keep your clothes and shoes clean,

and clean, it must be cleaned and washed as necessary.

To make a person look neat, comb them every day, and the head

and gently, wash with warm water and soap or

shampoo at least once a week.

4 group

Water safety rules

Choose the correct statements (put + next to them):

1. When you swim in a pond in the summer, adults must be nearby, even if you can swim.

2. You can dive in unfamiliar places.

3. Do not swim behind the buoys, do not swim in the river with a fast current.

4. You can joke on the water, shout, "drown" each other.

5. You can not dive in unfamiliar places, as a sunken log, snag and the like may be under water.

6. You can’t joke on the water, a person can choke and drown.

7. If you need to shorten the path, you can go through the pond on the ice.

8. You can't fish from the pier if you don't know how to swim.

9. After bathing, be sure to change into dry clothes.

10. In winter, you can go skiing, sledding in wet weather and ice.

11. You can't go sledding, skiing, skating on water bodies and near them.

12. You can sled down the hill near the carriageway.

13. Very carefully move along the sidewalk during ice, do not go onto the road, even if the sidewalk is not cleared of snow.

14. In case of frostbite, bruises, fractures, call an ambulance by calling 103.

Physical education minute

We went down to the fast river,

Bent over and washed.

That's how nicely refreshed.

And now they swam together,

You need to do this by hand:

Together - time, this is breaststroke.

One, the other is a crawl.

All as one -

We swim like a dolphin.

Went to the steep shore

And we went home.

slide presentation

Slide text: The work was done by a student of class 11 "A" of school No. 268 Neyasova Alena.

Slide text: Water, you have no taste, no color, no smell. You cannot be described, you are enjoyed without knowing what you are! It cannot be said that you are necessary for life: you are life itself. You are the greatest wealth in the world. Antoine de Saint-Exupery

Slide text: Water content in the human body Each living cell of the human body contains a life-giving aqueous solution of various nutrients. Body systems volume fraction, % Blood 92 Kidneys up to 82 Brain up to 85 Liver up to 69 Muscles 75 Adipose tissue 25 Bones up to 20 70% of body water is located inside the cells as part of cellular protoplasm. This (intracellular) water is called structured, it has a high biological activity and provides the body's resistance to the effects of aggressive environmental factors. 30% of water is in the extracellular fluid, of which the intercellular fluid is 20%, plasma water - 8%, lymph water - 2%

Slide text: Water in human life Sufficient intake of water in the body is one of the main conditions for a healthy lifestyle. All biochemical processes in humans are reduced to chemical reactions in an aqueous solution - the metabolism in the body. Water acts as a medium for chemical reactions occurring in the process of metabolism. Actively participating in the chemical reactions taking place in our body, water delivers nutrients to every cell, removes toxins, waste products and excess salts, and helps to lower blood pressure. Drinking enough water is one of the better ways prevent the formation of kidney stones. In addition, water “lubricates” the joints, thus acting as a shock absorber for the spinal cord, and also regulates body temperature and provides skin elasticity. Water is essential for normal digestion. By participating in the metabolism, this unique liquid allows you to reduce fat accumulation and reduce weight.

Slide text: How much water does a person need? A person is extremely acutely aware of the change in the water content in the body and can live without it for only a few days. With a loss of water up to 2% of body weight (1-1.5 l), thirst appears, with a loss of 6-8%, a semi-conscious state occurs, with a shortage of 10%, hallucinations appear, swallowing is disturbed. With a loss of water in the amount of 12% of body weight, a person dies. Insufficient water intake disrupts the normal functioning of the body: fatigue appears and efficiency decreases, the processes of digestion and assimilation of food are disrupted, the course of biochemical reactions slows down, blood viscosity increases, which creates conditions for the formation of blood clots, and the process of hematopoiesis is disrupted. Without water, it is impossible to regulate the body's heat exchange with environment and maintaining a constant body temperature. Because the brain is 75% water, relative dehydration causes extreme stress on brain cells. Dehydration negatively affects the vital functions of the body, weakening it and making it vulnerable to disease. The need for water depends on the nature of the diet, labor activity, health status, age, climate and other factors. The water requirement of an adult living in middle lane, - 2.5-3 liters per day. In the US, the norm is 1 liter of water per 1000 kcal of diet. Scientists have calculated that we consume part of the water (1.5 -2 l) with food and drinks, about 3% (0.3 l) of water is formed as a result of biochemical processes in the body itself. Thus, the body's need for drinking water is approximately 1.2 -1.5 liters per day.

Slide text:

Slide text: Each of us has experienced the healing effect of a water procedure on ourselves more than once. You feel freshness and renewal when leaving the sea, a short hot shower invigorates, a warm bath soothes, a contrast shower gives a surge of strength.

Slide text: Since ancient times, water procedures have been considered an indispensable and indispensable means of training and hardening the body. They have also been used to treat many diseases.

Slide text: Therapeutic water procedures in the bath Medical procedures include such procedures as manual, foot, sitz and general baths, compresses, wiping, washing, dousing, which have thermal, mechanical and chemical effects on the skin. You can carry out a hot, warm, indifferent, cool or cold hygiene procedure. The water temperature is 40-50 C, 35-38 C, 33-35 C, 20-30 C and less than 20 C, respectively. to a significant reduction in heat loss. Narrowing, the vessels impede blood flow to the periphery and cause an increase in blood pressure. The effect of cold water also extends to the nervous system. If you carry out cool and cold procedures for a long time, the vessels will expand again and blood flow will increase, while heat loss occurs, and blood pressure decreases. The skin acquires a red-pink color, the general condition improves, a feeling of freshness and vigor appears, which is more intense when the skin is rubbed. Too long exposure to cold water leads to hypothermia of the body and slowing blood flow. In this case, the skin becomes pale, acquires a bluish tint, weakness and irritability may appear. However, one should not stop there. Already during the procedure for the second time after exposure to heat, the body gets used to it and does not feel hypothermia so quickly. Warm procedures have the opposite effect: they calm the nervous system, warm the body, and improve sleep. Exposure to hot water causes a sharp expansion of skin vessels and overheating of the body. Since the water has a higher temperature than the body, there is no evaporation of sweat, the contractions of the heart muscle become more frequent. The nervous system is first brought into an excited state, and then depressed. That is why hot general baths are indicated in the absence of disturbances in the work of the cardiovascular system. The mechanical effect of therapeutic water procedures consists in rubbing a part of the body with hands, a brush, a washcloth, a sponge or some other device. This causes irritation of nerve endings, changes in the conditions of blood circulation and lymph flow. The chemical effect of water is caused by various substances dissolved in it: sea salt, mustard, extracts medicinal plants.

Slide #10

Slide text:

Slide #11

Slide text: Foot and hand baths Contrasting hand baths are often used for severe hand fatigue, influenza and bronchitis. For pain and cramps in the legs, swelling, heel spurs, thrombophlebitis a good remedy are foot baths. To perform the procedure, two buckets of water are needed: one with a temperature of 40 ° C, the other with a temperature of 20 ° C. First, legs or arms should be dipped in hot water, held for 1-2 minutes, and then in cold water for 15-20 seconds. Repeat the same at least 5 times. After that, dry the limbs with a towel and go to bed. With corns on the legs, oat straw foot baths help. To do this, you need to prepare a decoction of 100-150 g of oat straw, cool to 25 "C and lower your legs for 20-30 minutes. To achieve a positive effect, you should spend at least 5-6 baths.

Slide #12

Slide text: Contrast hardening Contrast hardening is quite possible at home. On the back and chest from the shower funnel direct jets of hot water (39 - 40 degrees) for 1 - 1.5 minutes. Then, from a pre-prepared bucket or basin, the body is poured with cold water. The shower at this time is not turned off, but taken aside. After that, again substitute yourself under a stream of hot water. In total, no more than 2-3 such contrast shifts are carried out so as not to overload the cardiovascular system. At first, hot water should have constant temperature 39 - 40 degrees, and cooler - 30 - 32 degrees. Gradually, over 15 - 25 days, depending on the state of health, the temperature of cool water gradually decreases and is brought to 18 - 20 degrees. An excellent hardening effect can be achieved in a Russian bath. Russian bath is special. Indispensable to her integral part is the heater, which is located in the steam room. Hot water is splashed on it and a special effect of "light" steam is achieved, which at a temperature of 60 - 70 degrees, or even higher, has a special effect on the human body. Fans of bath steam know many "secrets" of how to use it to achieve a healing, and sometimes healing effect. For these purposes, various solutions, infusions are used, which are poured over a pre-heated heater. For them, leaves and branches of blackberries, raspberries, black currants, plants such as St. John's wort, oregano, mint, and sometimes burnt sugar, bread kvass, and coffee are used.

Slide #13

Slide text: Winter swimming Hardening in ice water is also called "winter swimming". This method of healing is not as ancient as, for example, sunbathing. However, this does not detract from its medicinal properties. In addition to the fact that winter swimming has a great effect on health, it is also a wonderful means of increasing the energy of the body. Plunging into the hole, a person receives a charge of vivacity and Have a good mood exchanging energy with nature. Hardening in ice water also has amazing healing properties. There are statistics that such procedures reduce the risk of getting colds by sixty times. In practice, you will no longer have a chance to catch a cold. Well, all other diseases in walruses are thirty times less common than in other fellow citizens. There is evidence that hardening in ice water helps get rid of diabetes, normalizes blood pressure, treats tuberculosis, diseases of the digestive system, inflammatory diseases of the joints and spine, inflammation of the genital organs, dermatological diseases, malfunctions in the reproductive system and many more ailments.

• Water is the most important component of our habitat. After air, water is the second most important component necessary for human life.

• The brain contains - 75%
• Heart - 75%
• Lungs - 85%
• Liver - 86%
• Kidneys - 83%
• Muscles - 75%
• Blood - 83%.

• Today, more than ever, it is very important for our body to receive clean water with a balanced mineral composition.
• It carries our body's waste, delivers lubrication to our joints, stabilizes our temperature, and is the lifeblood of the cell.

• The amount of water required to maintain water balance depends on age, physical activity, ambient temperature and humidity. The daily requirement of an adult is about 2.5 liters.
• Clean drinking water also increases the body's defense against stress. It thins the blood, fights fatigue, helps the cardiovascular system, fights stress. healthy image life is based on proper nutrition, activity and consumption of clean water.

• Diseases such as typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera are transmitted primarily to humans as a result of contamination of water sources with excrement excreted from the body of patients.

• Organoleptic indicators (smell, taste, color, turbidity)
• Toxicological indicators
• Indicators affecting the organoleptic properties of water (pH, total hardness, petroleum products, iron, manganese, nitrates, calcium, magnesium)
• Chemical substances formed during water treatment (residual free chlorine, chloroform, silver)
• microbiological indicators

The presence of iron in water does not threaten our health

• gives the water an unpleasant red-brown color, worsens its taste, causes the development of iron bacteria, the deposition of sediment in the pipes and their clogging
• When drinking water with an iron content above the norm, a person runs the risk of acquiring various liver diseases, allergic reactions

• Increased content manganese in water has a mutagenic effect on humans.
• Sometimes in drinking water there are many salts of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids ( chlorides and sulfates). They give the water a salty and bitter-salty taste. The use of such water leads to disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.

• Content in water cations calcium and magnesium gives water the so-called hardness
• The constant use of water with increased hardness leads to the accumulation of salts in the body and, ultimately, to diseases of the joints (arthritis, polyarthritis), to the formation of stones in the kidneys, gall and bladder

• Water is also responsible for human teeth. From how much fluorine contained in water depends on the incidence of caries. Water fluoridation is believed to be effective in preventing caries, especially in children. The content of fluorides in drinking water above sanitary standards (not more than 1.5 mg/l) has a harmful effect on human health

Main sources of pollution drinking water .

• Communal drains
• Industrial waste
• municipal waste
• Industrial waste

Although there are millions and billions of tons of fresh and clean water on Earth, there is very little of it when it comes to the ability to drink humanity. As a universal solvent, it cannot be replaced by any other substance that can ensure the full performance of all physiological functions of the body. The human body needs water, but not any, but chemically pure 100% consisting of water molecules. But most of the water is polluted. Now it is almost impossible to find rivers, lakes, ponds that have not been polluted at least to a small extent. According to the WHO, about 80% of all infectious diseases in the world are associated with the poor quality of drinking water and the violation of sanitary and hygienic standards of water supply. 2 billion people in the world have chronic diseases due to the use of contaminated water. 90% of diseases a person drinks with a glass of water. We were also very touched by the given figures. After all, health person is the main his wealth! Therefore, the assessment of the quality of drinking water in your area, apartment is very relevant.

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WATER QUALITY and HUMAN HEALTH The work of 11th grade students: D'konova Valentina and Fedorov Nikolay MBOU "Zelenginskaya secondary school" s.Zelenga 2013

Fundamental issue The state of water in the Astrakhan region, in the Volodarsky district, in the village of Zelenga. problem question: Is there something in the water that can harm human health?

Educational questions: What substances in water are necessary for human health? What substances contained in water can harm human health? What is the quality of tap water in Zelenga village?

WATER IS LIFE! The human body needs chemically pure water, 100% composed of water molecules.

90% of diseases a person drinks with a glass of water! In the world, 2 billion people have chronic diseases associated with the use of polluted water.

Name of administrative territories Share of water samples in centralized water supply sources that do not meet hygienic standards (%) According to sanitary and chemical indicators According to microbiological indicators 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 Akhtubinsky - 13.3 - 5.1 4.3 - Volodarsky 9 20.8 16 18 31.2 42 Enotaevsky - - - - - - Share of water samples at water intake points from surface sources of centralized water supply (%) that do not meet hygienic standards

The districts of the region, where the indicators of water pollution of reservoirs of category I in terms of sanitary-chemical and microbiological indicators significantly exceed the average regional indicators, include: ZATO Znamensk, and Volodarsky district.

It should be noted that over the past 5 years, low water has been recorded in the Astrakhan region. In low water conditions, the self-cleaning capacity of watercourses and reservoirs decreases. As a result of which the concentration of harmful substances increases, the quality of water deteriorates in terms of microbiological and chemical indicators.

In 2011, the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Astrakhan region identified 17 violations of sanitary and epidemiological requirements in the amount of 8.5 thousand rubles.

Name of administrative territories Share of water samples from the water supply network that do not meet hygienic standards (%) according to sanitary and chemical indicators according to microbiological indicators 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 Akhtubinsky 8.3 8.3 1.4 5.09 4.4 0.6 Volodarsky 4.7 20.4 9.4 3 31.2 10.4 Enotaevsky - - 9.5 3.7 - 7.7

Measures to improve the quality of drinking water and water supply to the population of the Astrakhan region.

In the Volodarsky district of the Astrakhan region in 2010, in accordance with the investment agreement between the administrations of the municipality "Volodarsky district", LLC "Neftegazpoisk" and LLC "Volodarsk water production company", the construction of 2 water pipelines from underground water sources in the villages of Yablonka and Akhterek, with a population of 792 people, was completed .

underway construction works water pipes from underground water sources in the villages of Tuluganovka and Lebyazhye. More than 40 million rubles were allocated for the construction of water pipelines. In 2011, the construction of distributing water supply networks in the village of Kalinino and the village of Volodarsky was completed, a water tower was built in the village of Tishkovo.

Water relieves stress. Water eliminates symptoms of stress such as headache, muscle tension, impaired thinking, palpitations, loss of strength. Water controls body temperature. Water gives some feeling of fullness and allows you to eat less.

Infectious jaundice, tularemia, water fever, brucellosis, poliomyelitis can be transmitted through water.

Disease Exciting factor Data for Zelenginsk hospital 2011 2012 Anemia Arsenic, fluoride, bromine 24 26 Bronchial asthma Fluorine 1 1 Digestive tract: A) damage Arsenic, boron, chloroform, phenol 18 21 B) stomach pain Mercury, pesticides 18 21 C) disorders Zinc 18 21 SARS Boron, zinc, fluorine, copper, lead, mercury 682 660 Diseases resulting from the toxic effects of chemical elements found in drinking water.

Study of drinking water. Purpose: to study the composition and quality of drinking water by physical and chemical methods.

Filtration of water and snow.

Top view Side view Finding #1. Not marked Not marked Drinkable #2. Not marked Yellowish, weak Very Drinkable #3. Very weak Yellowish Drinkable Color of water. Table number 1.

Water according to the visibility of the text Transparency in cm Conclusion No. 1. Transparent 1 - 1.5 cm Limited consumption No. 2. Slightly cloudy 2 - 3 cm Limited consumption No. 3. Cloudy More than 3 cm Drinkable Water clarity. Table number 2.

Odor character Odor type Odor intensity Point Conclusion Aromatic Cucumber, flower №1. Odorless 0 Drinkable Marsh Muddy, muddy in summer No. 2. Smell is very weak, indefinite. 1 Drinkable Putrid Smell waste water(sewerage) No. 3. The smell is weak, indefinite 2 Suitable for drinking Woody Wet chips, tree bark Earthy Rotten, the smell of plowed land Moldy Musty, stagnant Fishy, ​​slave fat Hydrogen sulfide Rotten eggs Grassy Mowed grass, hay in summer Uncertain Specific Smell of water. Table number 3.

Color of indicator paper pH value Water medium Conclusion Pink-orange 5 Acidic Not suitable for drinking Light yellow 6 Slightly acid Suitable for drinking Yellow 7 Neutral Suitable for drinking Greenish-blue 8 Slightly alkaline Suitable for drinking Blue 9 Alkaline Not suitable for drinking Solution medium acidic neutral alkaline (pH less than 7) (pH about 7) (pH greater than 7) Determination of the water medium (pH value). Table number 4.

The color of phenolphthalein has changed (pale raspberry) Soap forms a cloudy mixture with white flakes Conclusion: there is a temporary hardness of water Conclusion: there is a constant hardness of water Determination of water hardness. Table number 5.

Completing of the work.

Determination of the pH of a solution.

Conclusions on the results of drinking water analysis. . Water from the water supply system is suitable for use only in boiled form, as it is pumped directly from the Bushma River, according to most indicators it does not comply with GOSTs. 4. Water from the Bushma River, Sakharnaya branch, is best used for technical and domestic purposes, as it does not match in color, transparency, turbidity, and hardness. Water is not subjected to sanitary treatment, it contains all wastewater.

Remember! 90% of diseases - a person drinks from a glass of water!? Thus, we can say - not all water is good for drinking!

CONCLUSION: Working on a very topical topic of our research project, we have developed the following competencies that will be useful to us in later life: informational; value-semantic; educational and cognitive; analytical; civil - legal; social - behavioral; general cultural; social - labor; personal self-improvement; reflective-evaluative

Implementation mechanism: Presentation of the project at the regional scientific and practical conference “Ecology; Agitation team on a healthy lifestyle at the level of students, Placement of the project on the pages of the school website.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

The content in various organs is %. The brain contains - 75% Heart - 75% Lungs - 85% Liver - 86% Kidneys - 83% Muscles - 75% Blood - 83%.

The amount of water required to maintain water balance depends on age, physical activity, ambient temperature and humidity. The daily requirement of an adult is about 2.5 liters. Clean drinking water also increases the body's defense against stress. It thins the blood, fights fatigue, helps the cardiovascular system, fights stress. A healthy lifestyle is based on proper nutrition, activity and the consumption of clean water.

Main indicators of drinking water quality Organoleptic indicators (smell, taste, color, turbidity) Toxicological indicators Indicators affecting the organoleptic properties of water (pH, total hardness, oil products, iron, manganese, nitrates, calcium, magnesium) Chemical substances formed during water treatment (residual free chlorine, chloroform, silver) Microbiological parameters

The presence of iron in water does not threaten our health, but it gives the water an unpleasant red-brown color, worsens its taste, causes the development of iron bacteria, sedimentation in pipes and clogging. reactions

The increased content of manganese in water has a mutagenic effect on humans. Sometimes in drinking water there are many salts of hydrochloric and sulfuric acids (chlorides and sulfates). They give the water a salty and bitter-salty taste. The use of such water leads to disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.

The content of calcium and magnesium cations in the water imparts the so-called hardness to the water. Constant use of water with increased hardness leads to the accumulation of salts in the body and, ultimately, to joint diseases (arthritis, polyarthritis), to the formation of stones in the kidneys, gallbladder and bladder

Water is also responsible for human teeth. The incidence of caries depends on how much fluorine is contained in the water. Water fluoridation is believed to be effective in preventing caries, especially in children. The content of fluorides in drinking water above sanitary standards (not more than 1.5 mg/l) has a harmful effect on human health