Priobskoe oil deposit - gigantic Russian field oil, located on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. It is considered the largest field in Russia in terms of current reserves and oil production.

General information

The Priobskoye field belongs to the West Siberian oil and gas province. It is located on the border of the Salym and Lyaminsky oil and gas regions, 65 km from the city of Khanty-Mansiysk and 200 km from the city of Nefteyugansk, and is confined to the local structure of the same name in the Sredneobskaya oil and gas region.

About 80% of the field area is located in the floodplain of the Ob River, which, crossing the site, divides it into 2 parts: left-bank and right-bank. Officially, the sections of the left and right banks of the Ob are called the South and North Priobskoye deposits, respectively. During the period of floods, the floodplain is regularly flooded, which, along with the complex geological structure, makes it possible to characterize the field as difficult to access.

Stocks

The geological reserves of the field are estimated at 5 billion tons of oil. Hydrocarbon deposits were found at a depth of 2.3-2.6 km, the thickness of the layers reaches from 2 to 40 meters.

The oil of the Priobskoye field is low-resinous, the content of paraffins is at the level of 2.4-2.5%. They are characterized by medium density (863-868 kg/m³), but high sulfur content (1.2-1.3%), which requires its additional purification. The viscosity of oil is about 1.4-1.6 mPa*s.

Opening

The Priobskoye field was discovered in 1982 by well No. 151 of Glavtyumengeologiya.
Operational oil production began in 1988 on the left bank from well No. 181-R by the flowing method. The development of the right bank began later, in 1999.

Development

At the moment, the development of the northern part of the Priobskoye oil field (SLT) is being carried out by RN-Yuganskneftegaz LLC, owned by Rosneft, and the southern part (YULT) is being developed by Gazpromneft-Khantos LLC (a subsidiary of Gazprom Neft PJSC).

In addition, relatively small Verkhne-Shapshinskiy and Sredne-Shapshinskiy license areas are allocated in the south of the field, which have been developed since 2008 by OAO NAK AKI OTYR, owned by PJSC NK RussNeft.

Development Methods

Due to the specific conditions of the occurrence of hydrocarbons and the geographical location of the deposits, production at the Priobskoye oil field is carried out using hydraulic fracturing, which significantly reduces operating costs and capital investment.

In November 2016, the largest hydraulic fracturing of an oil reservoir in Russia was performed at the field - 864 tons of proppant were pumped into the reservoir. The operation was carried out jointly with specialists from Newco Well Service.

Current production level

The Priobskoye field is rightfully considered the largest oil field in Russia in terms of reserves and production volumes. To date, about 1,000 production and almost 400 injection wells have been drilled on it.

In 2016, the field provided 5% of all oil production in Russia, and in the first five months of 2017, it produced more than 10 million tons of oil.

HISTORICAL AND GENETIC MODEL FOR THE FORMATION OF OIL RESERVOIRS OF THE PRIOBSK FIELD IN WESTERN SIBERIA

T.N. Nemchenko (NK Yukos)

The Priobskoye oil field in terms of reserves belongs to the group of unique ones and was put into development in 1989. The field is located in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District of the Tyumen Region, 65 km east of Khanty-Mansiysk and 100 km west of Nefteyugansk. It is part of the Frolovskaya oil and gas region - the western part of the West Siberian oil and gas province.

The Priobskoye oil field occupies a special place in the system of oil and gas bearing complexes of Western Siberia. The discovery of the Priobskoye field is a significant event in recent years. Commercial oil content is established in the upper part of the Tyumen and Bazhenov formations and in the Neocomian deposits. The main reserves are Neocomian formations AC 10-12. More than 20 deposits are confined to the layers of the Hauterivian age, occurring at a depth of 2300-2700 m, most of which are classified as large. According to the seismostratigraphic analysis, the clinoform structure of the Neocomian productive strata was established. The Priobskoye field is the only one in this area where the clinoform structure of the Neocomian layers is confirmed by deep drilling ().

The productivity of the Neocomian deposits of the Priobskoye field is practically controlled by only one factor - the presence of permeable reservoirs in the section. The absence of reservoir water during numerous tests (strata AC 10-12) suggests that the oil deposits associated with these packs are closed lenticular bodies completely filled with oil (there are no oil-water contacts), and the contours of deposits for each sandy reservoir are determined by its boundaries. spread().

A comprehensive analysis of the paleogeographic conditions of sedimentation and seismic survey data made it possible to outline a large zone of development of Neocomian clinoforms to the south and north of the Priobskoye deposit. An independent zone of oil and gas accumulation is associated with it, the oil and gas content of which is not determined by the regional structural background, but is controlled by the area of ​​development of the Neocomian clinoforms (Karogdin Yu.N., 1998).

A number of important issues related to the conditions for the formation of oil deposits remain poorly understood. In this regard, the creation of a fundamental historical and genetic model for the formation of oil deposits in the complex reservoirs of the Priobskoye field is of particular importance.

The field is included in a large meridional-trending oil and gas zone associated with a complicated group of local uplifts of the monocline in the junction zone of the Khanty-Mansiysk depression and the Salym arch.

The Priobskoe dome-shaped uplift directly adjoins the lands of the Greater Salym, where the Bazhenov Formation serves as the base horizon. A group of oil fields is distinguished along this horizon - Salym, North and West Salym, Upper and Middle Shapshin, Pravdinskoye, etc.

During the Cretaceous history of Western Siberia, the Khanty-Mansiysk depression remained the most submerged part of the sedimentation basin, and therefore the section here is more clayey in comparison with the surrounding territories. In the Volgian time, the area of ​​the Priobskoye deposit turned out to be in a deeply submerged (up to 500 m) axial zone of the paleobasin with characteristic features undercompensated basin. This led to the accumulation of an OM-rich mudstone interval of the Bazhenov Formation. In the region of the Priobskoye field, since the Early Berriasian, against the background of a general large regression, there has been an alternation of regional and zonal transgressions and regressions. Clinoforms and stratigraphic packages, elongated along the paleo-axis of the basin, began to form from the east-southeast and gradually filled the entire basin. In the transgressive phases, mainly clay strata accumulated, such as the Pimskaya, Bystrinskaya, and in the regressive phases - sandy-siltstone layers (AS 7 -AS 12) (Karogdin Yu.N., 1998).

The Bazhenov formation has a high content of total organic matter and a high generation potential. It is believed that this horizon is the source rock for most of the oil fields discovered in the Lower Cretaceous in the West Siberian basin. However, in the light of the calm tectonic history of the Priobskoye field, the assumption of the formation of deposits in the Neocomian reservoirs as a result of large-scale vertical migration of hydrocarbons seems to be very problematic.

In order to create a historical and genetic model for the formation of oil deposits of the Neocomian deposits of the Priobskoye field, the Basin Modeling software package was used. The complex allows you to quickly and with a minimum set of geological data create a model for assessing hydrocarbon potential. Fragments of the database of the program containing information on wells. 151 and 254 of the Priobskoye deposit are given in, respectively. To visualize the data of the model, the image of the curves of the history of sediment subsidence was used together with other data: stages of maturity, isotherms, etc. ().

As can be seen from, the oil deposits of the Neocomian reservoirs belong to the main phase of oil-bearing, more precisely, to its upper part - the zone of the early stage of generation. Unlike the Neocomian oils, the oils of the Bazhenov formation belong to the zone of the late stage of generation (). This conclusion is in full accordance with the vertical phase-genetic zonality of hydrocarbon systems established in the West Siberian basin. In the section of Mesozoic deposits, five zones are distinguished, each of which is characterized by its own phase state of hydrocarbons, composition, degree of maturity of OM, thermobaric conditions, etc. Neocomian horizons (Valanginian-Hautherivian of the Middle Ob) are part of the third, mainly oil, zone - main zone oil formation and oil accumulation in the Mesozoic section of the West Siberian Basin (reservoir temperature 80-100 °C), deposits identified in the Upper and Middle Jurassic deposits - to the fourth oil and gas condensate zone, where accumulations of light oil are noted (Salymsky, Krasnoleninsky districts, reservoir temperature 100 -120 °C).

An analysis of the geochemical, including genetic, parameters (group, isotopic composition of carbon, etc.) of the oils of the Neocomian deposits of the Priobskoye field and the Bazhenov formation of the Salymskoye field showed that these oils are different, belong to different genetic zones ().

According to geochemical and thermobaric indicators, the Priobskoye field differs:

· significant undersaturation of Lower Cretaceous oils with hydrocarbon gases (low values ​​of Р sat / Р pl and GOR);

· a jump in the growth of Р pl during the transition from the Cretaceous to the Jurassic deposits (the presence of AHFP in the Jurassic complex). There are two practically isolated levels of oil saturation - Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic. The formation of oil deposits of the Neocomian formations of the Priobskoye field took place independently and is not associated with vertical migration from the Bazhenov formation.

The principal historical and genetic model of the formation of oil deposits in the complex Neocomian reservoirs of the Priobskoye field is presented as follows. The mechanism that most likely led to the formation of the Neocomian reservoirs is the lateral (upward rise) migration of oil from coeval argillaceous deposits to the sandier parts of the clinoforms. Oil and gas migrated up the rise, filling permeable sand-siltstone beds and lenses. In favor of such an idea about the mechanism of oil migration is evidenced by: the dominant lithological type of deposits; lack of formation water in the horizons of the AC group; difference between Bazhenov and Neocomian oils.

It is noteworthy that the traps were filled with oil, apparently, according to the principle of differential trapping, when the most submerged traps are filled with relatively light oil (stratum AC 12, density 0.86-0.87 g/cm 3), while the upper - relatively heavy (layer AS 10, density 0.88-0.89 g/cm 3), and the uppermost traps - with water (layer AS 6).

The creation of a historical and genetic model for the formation of oil deposits in the Priobskoye field is of fundamental importance. In the immediate vicinity of the Priobskoye deposit, sand bodies of this type are located within the Khanty-Mansiysk, Frolovskaya and other areas. Apparently, oil deposits of a similar genesis will also be discovered in other areas of Western Siberia within the Neocomian deposits.

A comprehensive analysis of the paleogeographic conditions of sedimentation and seismic survey data made it possible to outline a large zone of development of Neocomian clinoforms to the south and north of the Priobskoye deposit, which stretches in a strip 25–50 km wide from the Shapshinskoye and Erginskoye deposits in the south to Tumannoye and Studenoy in the north and with which an independent zone is associated oil and gas accumulations, where the main source rocks will be thick coeval clay strata of Neocomian clinoforms.

Literature

1) Geology and development of the largest and unique oil and oil and gas fields in Russia. // West Siberian oil and gas province / Ed. V.E. Gavour. - M. VNIIOENG, 1996. - V.2.

2) Geology of oil and gas in Western Siberia / A.E. Kontorovich, I.I. Nesterov, F.K. Salmanov and others - M.: Nedra, 1975.

3) Maksimov S.P. Patterns of placement and conditions for the formation of oil and gas deposits in Paleozoic deposits. - M.: Nedra, 1965.

4) Rylko A.V., Poteryaeva V.V. Vertical zonality in the distribution of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in the Mesozoic of Western Siberia / Tr. ZapSibVNIGNI. - Issue. 147. -Tyumen, 1979.

5) Leonard C, Leonard J. Basin Mod 1D // Platte River Associates. -Denver, USA. - 1993.

Priob oil field in the system of oil and gas complexes of West Siberia ocupies a particular place. Neocomian beds AC10-12 having clinoform structure are considered as main by oil reserves. Complex analysis of paleogeographic sedimentation conditions and seismic prospecting data allowed to recognize a large zone of Neocomian clinoforms developed to the south and north of Priob field. Independent oil and gas accumulation zone which oil and gas potential is not governed by regional structure but controlled by a zone of Neocomian clinoforms development is associated with this zone.

For the purpose of creating a historic-genetic model of oil pools formation of Neocomian deposits at Priob field a program complex Basin Modeling was used.

Rice. one. FRAGMENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SECTION IN THE LATITOUS PRIOB (according to F.Z. Khafizov, T.N. Onishchuk, S.F. Panov)

Deposits: 1 - sandy, 2 - clayey; 3 - bituminous mudstones; 4 - weathering crust; 5 - oil deposits; 6 - wells

Rice. 2. GEOLOGICAL SECTION (Priobskoye field)

1 - sandy-argillaceous deposits; 2 - test interval. Other conv. see designations in fig. one

Rice. 3. EXAMPLES OF VISUALIZATION OF THE INITIAL DATA AND THE RESULTS OF THEIR PROCESSING BY SLE. 151 (A) and 245 (B)

Maturity stages (R 0 ,%): 1 - early (0.5-0.7), 2 - medium (0.7-1.0), 3 - late (1.0-1.3); 4 - the main phase of generation (1.3-2.6); lines: I - dive history, initial (II) and approximating (III) temperatures

Rice. 4. MODELING THE DIVING HISTORY OF THE PRIOBSKOYE FIELD

Maturity stages (R 0 ,%): 1 - early (10-25), 2 - medium (25-65), 3 - late (65-90)

They are in Saudi Arabia, even a high school student knows. As well as the fact that Russia is right behind it in the list of countries with significant oil reserves. However, in terms of production, we are inferior to several countries at once.

There are the largest in Russia in almost all regions: in the Caucasus, in the Ural and West Siberian districts, in the North, in Tatarstan. However, far from all of them have been developed, and some, such as Tekhneftinvest, whose sites are located in the Yamalo-Nenets and neighboring Khanty-Mansiysk districts, are unprofitable.

That is why on April 4, 2013 a deal was opened with the Rockefeller Oil Company, which has already started in the area.

However, not all oil and gas fields in Russia are unprofitable. Proof of this is the successful mining that several companies are conducting at once in the Yamalo-Nenets District, on both banks of the Ob.

The Priobskoye field is considered one of the largest not only in Russia, but also in the whole world. It was opened in 1982. It turned out that the reserves of West Siberian oil are located both on the left and on the right bank. Development on the left bank began six years later, in 1988, and on the right bank, eleven years later.

Today it is known that the Priobskoye field is more than 5 billion tons of high-quality oil, which is located at a depth not exceeding 2.5 kilometers.

Huge oil reserves made it possible to build the Priobskaya gas turbine power plant near the field, operating exclusively on associated fuel. This station not only fully meets the requirements of the field. It is able to supply the produced electricity to Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug for the needs of the residents.

Today, several companies are developing the Priobskoye field at once.

Some are sure that during extraction, finished, refined oil comes out of the ground. This is a deep delusion. Reservoir fluid that exits

The surface (raw oil) is delivered to the workshops, where it will be cleaned of impurities and water, the amount of magnesium ions will be normalized, and associated gas will be separated. This is a large and high-precision work. For its implementation, the Priobskoye field was provided with a whole complex of laboratories, workshops and transport networks.

Finished products (oil and gas) are transported and used for their intended purpose, leaving only waste. It is they who create today the biggest problem for the field: there are so many of them that it is still impossible to eliminate them.

The enterprise, created specifically for recycling, today processes only the “freshest” waste. Expanded clay is made from sludge (as the company calls it), which is in great demand in construction. However, so far only access roads for the deposit are being built from the resulting expanded clay.

The field has another meaning: it provides stable, well-paid jobs for several thousand workers, among whom there are both highly qualified specialists and unskilled workers.

The Priobskoye oil and gas field is geographically located on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District of the Tyumen Region Russian Federation. The city closest to the Priobskoye field is Nefteyugansk (located 200 km east of the field).

The Priobskoye field was discovered in 1982. The field is characterized as multi-layer, low-productive. The territory is cut by the Ob River, swampy and mostly flooded during the flood period; here are spawning grounds for fish. As noted in the materials of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation submitted to the State Duma, these factors complicate the development and require significant financial resources to apply the latest highly efficient and environmentally friendly technologies.

The license for the development of the Priobskoye deposit belongs to subsidiary JSC "Rosneft", the company "Rosneft-Yuganskneftegaz".

According to experts, the development of the field at existing system taxation is unprofitable and impossible. Under the terms of the PSA, oil production over 20 years will amount to 274.3 million tons, state income - $48.7 billion.

The recoverable reserves of the Priobskoye field are 578 million tons of oil, gas - 37 billion cubic meters. The development period under the PSA is 58 years. Peak production level - 19.9 million tons. tons in the 16th year of development. Initial funding was planned at $1.3 billion. Capital costs - 28 billion dollars, operating costs - 27.28 billion dollars. Probable directions of oil transportation from the field are Ventspils, Novorossiysk, Odessa, Druzhba.

The possibility of joint development of the northern part of the Priobskoye field was discussed by Yugansneftegaz and Amoso ​​in 1991. In 1993, Amoso ​​took part in an international tender for the right to use the subsoil in the fields of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and was recognized as the winner of the competition for the exclusive right to become a foreign partner in the development of the Priobskoye field together with Yuganskneftegaz.

In 1994, Yuganskneftegaz and Amoso ​​prepared and submitted to the government a draft agreement on production sharing and Tenico-economic and environmental justification of the project.

In early 1995, an additional feasibility study was submitted to the government, which was amended in the same year in the light of new data on the deposit.
In 1995, the Central Commission for the Development of Oil and Oil and Gas Fields of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Protection environment and Natural Resources of the Russian Federation approved an updated scheme for the development of the field and the environmental part of the pre-project documentation.

On March 7, 1995, the then Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin issued an order on the formation of a government delegation from representatives of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and a number of ministries and departments to negotiate a PSA in the development of the northern part of the Priobskoye field.

In July 1996, in Moscow, a joint Russian-American commission on economic and technical cooperation issued a joint statement on the priority of projects in the energy field, among which the Priobskoye field was specifically named. The joint statement indicates that both governments welcome the commitment to conclude a production sharing agreement for this project by the next meeting of the commission in February 1997.

At the end of 1998, Yuganskneftegaz's partner in the Priobskoye field development project, the American company Amoso, was taken over by the British company British Petroleum.

In early 1999, BP/Amoso ​​officially announced its withdrawal from participation in the Priobskoye field development project.

Ethnic history of the Priobskoye deposit

Since ancient times, the area of ​​the deposit was inhabited by the Khanty. The Khanty developed complex social systems, called principalities and by the XI-XII centuries. they had large tribal settlements with fortified capitals, which were ruled by princes and defended by professional troops.

The first known contacts of Russia with this territory took place in the 10th or 11th century. At this time, trade relations between the Russians and the indigenous population of Western Siberia began to develop, which brought cultural changes to the life of the natives. Iron and ceramic household utensils and fabrics appeared and became a material part of the life of the Khanty. The fur trade acquired great importance as a means of obtaining these goods.

In 1581 Western Siberia was annexed to Russia. The princes were replaced by the tsarist government, and taxes were paid into the Russian treasury. In the 17th century, tsarist officials and servicemen (Cossacks) began to settle in this territory, and contacts between Russians and Khanty were further developed. As a result of closer contacts, Russians and Khanty began to adopt the attributes of each other's way of life. The Khanty began to use guns and traps, some, following the example of the Russians, started breeding large cattle and horses. The Russians borrowed some hunting and fishing techniques from the Khanty. The Russians acquired lands and fishing grounds from the Khanty, and by the 18th century most of the Khanty land had been sold to Russian settlers. Russian cultural influence expanded in the early 18th century with the introduction of Christianity. At the same time, the number of Russians continued to increase, and by the end of the 18th century, the Russian population in this area outnumbered the Khanty by five times. Most of the Khanty families borrowed knowledge from the Russians Agriculture, cattle breeding and horticulture.

The assimilation of the Khanty into Russian culture accelerated with the establishment of Soviet power in 1920. The Soviet policy of social integration brought to the region single system education. Khanty children were usually sent from families to boarding schools for a period of 8 to 10 years. Many of them, after graduating from school, could no longer return to the traditional way of life without having the necessary skills for this.

The collectivization that began in the 1920s had a significant impact on the ethnographic character of the territory. In the 50-60s, the formation of large collective farms began and several small settlements disappeared as the population united into larger ones. settlements. By the 1950s, mixed marriages between Russians and Khanty became widespread, and almost all Khanty born after the 1950s were born in mixed marriages. Since the 1960s, as Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Moldavians, Chuvashs, Bashkirs, Avars and representatives of other nationalities migrated to the region, the percentage of Khanty decreased even more. Currently, the Khanty make up a little less than 1 percent of the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

In addition to the Khanty, the Mansi (33%), Nenets (6%) and Selkups (less than 1%) live on the territory of the Priobskoye field.

The Priobskoye field appeared on the map of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in 1985, when its left-bank part was discovered by well number 181. Geologists received an oil fountain with a volume of 58 cubic meters per day. Four years later, drilling began on the left bank, and commercial operation of the first well on the right bank of the river began 10 years later.

Priobskoye field characteristics

The Priobskoye field lies close to the borders of the Salym and Lyaminsky oil and gas regions.

The characteristics of oil from the Priobskoye field make it possible to classify it as low-resinous (paraffins at the level of 2.4-2.5 percent), but at the same time with a high sulfur content (1.2-1.3 percent), which requires additional purification and reduces profitability. The viscosity of reservoir oil is at the level of 1.4-1.6 mPa*s, and the thickness of the reservoirs reaches from 2 to 40 meters.

The Priobskoye field, whose characteristics are unique, has geologically justified reserves of five billion tons. Of these, 2.4 billion are proven and recoverable. As of 2013, the estimate of recoverable reserves at the Priobskoye field was over 820 million tons.

By 2005, daily production reached high figures - 60.2 thousand tons per day. In 2007, over 40 million tons were mined.

To date, about a thousand production and almost 400 injection wells have been drilled in the field. The reservoir deposits of the Priobskoye oil field are located at a depth of 2.3.2.6 kilometers.

In 2007, the annual production of liquid hydrocarbons at the Priobskoye field reached 33.6 million tons (or more than 7% of the total production in Russia).

Priobskoye oil field: features of development

The peculiarity of drilling is that the bushes of the Priobskoye field are located on both sides of the Ob River and most of them are located in the river floodplain. On this basis, the Priobskoye field is divided into South and North Priobskoye. In the spring-autumn period, the territory of the deposit is regularly flooded with flood waters.

This arrangement was the reason that its parts have different owners.

From the northern bank of the river, Yuganskneftegaz (a structure that passed to Rosneft after Yukos) is developing, and from the south there are areas that are being developed by the Khantos company, the structure of Gazpromneft (except for Priobskoye, it also deals with the Palyanovsky project). In the southern part of the Priobskoye field, a subsidiary of Russneft, the company Aki Otyr, has been allocated insignificant license areas for the Verkhne- and Sredne Shapshinskiy blocks.

These factors, along with a complex geological structure (multiple reservoirs and low productivity), make it possible to characterize the Priobskoye field as difficult to access.

But modern technologies of hydraulic fracturing, with the help of pumping underground a large number water mixture, allow to overcome this difficulty. Therefore, all newly drilled pads of the Priobskoye field are being operated only with hydraulic fracturing, which significantly reduces the cost of operation and capital investment.

At the same time, three oil reservoirs are being fractured. In addition, the main part of the wells is laid using the progressive cluster method, when lateral wells are directed at different angles. In cross section, it resembles a bush with branches pointing down. This method saves the arrangement of land sites for drilling.

The cluster drilling technique has become widespread, since it allows you to preserve the fertile soil layer and only slightly affects the environment.

Priobskoye field on the map

The Priobskoye field on the map of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is determined using the following coordinates:

• 61°20′00″ north latitude,
• 70°18′50″ East.

The Priobskoye oil field is located just 65 km from the capital of the Autonomous Okrug - Khanty-Mansiysk and 200 km from the city of Nefteyugansk. In the area of ​​development of the deposit there are areas with settlements of indigenous small nationalities:

• Khanty (about half of the population),
• Nenets,
• Mansi,
• Selkups.

Several natural reserves have been formed in the region, including Elizarovskiy (of republican significance), Vaspuholskiy, Shapshinskiy cedar forest. Since 2008, in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (the historical name of the area with the center in Samarovo), a natural monument "Lugovskie mammoths" with an area of ​​161.2 hectares was established, on the site of which fossil remains of mammoths and hunting tools dating from 10 to 15 thousand years were repeatedly found back.