Lesson Objectives:

• continue reading and analyzing a dramatic work;
• to expand children's ideas about the world around them through an enchanting genre;
• learn to see the beauty in the ordinary,
• expand ideas about your inner world, its diversity,
• contribute to the education of the moral qualities of the individual, the desire to show kindness, care, learn to understand and appreciate maternal love;
• contribute to the revision of the values ​​of human life on the example of the bliss and joys that surround a person;
• contribute to the education of a culture of communication, the development of the ability to listen and hear others, to conduct a dialogue in the audience;
• develop the ability to think, express your opinion, improve the skills of working with a book.

Equipment:

1. ON THE. Churakov. Literary reading: Textbook for grade 4: In 5 parts. Part 3
2. Workbook students.
3. Cards with the names of the Beatitudes. Magnetic board.
4. Cards with the names of Joys (for the stand).
5. A stand with students' drawings for the work.
6. The book "M. Maeterlinck. "Blue bird".
7. Audio recording by G. Gladkov “Farewell, fairy tale!”.
8. Quote from the work of M. Maeterlinck "The Blue Bird" on the board.

Forms of organization of cognitive activity of students:

• frontal,
• individual,
• group.

Methods and techniques:

• creating a situation of success,
• methods of verbal and visual transmission of information,
• practical work,
• partial search method,
• ensuring the gradual perception of educational material,
• problem method.

Stage tasks: preparing students for work (motivation); creating a positive emotional atmosphere.

Today, together with the heroes of the work of M. Maeterlinck, we will continue our journey through the magical land for the Blue Bird, and I hope that today's lesson will bring us the joy of communicating with each other.

Stage tasks: actualization of knowledge necessary for the assimilation of new knowledge.

“First, we need to remember something and put it in our memory. So:

- Which of the characters in the story goes on an unusual journey and why? (Tiltil and Mitil, for the Blue Bird, which the fairy Berilune needs to cure her granddaughter)

Who are they going on this journey with? (With them Bread, Milk, Water, Sugar, Fire, Cat, Dog, Soul of Light)

- How were the companions of our heroes divided: who is their friend, who is the enemy, and who can let you down at any moment? (Friends - Dog, Soul of Light, enemies - Cat, and Bread and Sugar can fail at any moment). – The illustrations from the book and some of your drawings will help you remember where our heroes have already been and what they learned from these visits. (The teacher brings to the attention of the students some illustrations from a specially brought book and draws the attention of the children to their drawings on the stand)

• Page 35

Night is forced to give the keys to man, since he has the right to reveal the Secrets of Nature;

She is powerless before those whose path is illuminated by the Soul of Light;

The Blue Bird hides in one of the caves of the Night Palace so as not to be caught by a random person. If she is found, it will not be so easy to distinguish her from the moonbirds among which she hides. This requires special vision.

Tiltil cannot distinguish it, although the Soul of Light tries to help him. He has not yet passed all the tests that fell on him along the way. He has not yet learned to look at the world around him with his inner vision, he has not yet learned to understand the essence of things.

Stage tasks: ensuring that students understand the purpose of educational and cognitive activity, work on a new part of the work.

So, we put the main events and thoughts in a certain sequence. We can go further.

1. Introductory conversation before reading.

What is the name of the new part? (Gardens of Beatitudes) Let's think about the name.

– How do you explain what “GARDEN” is? (In our understanding, a garden is a piece of land on which trees grow, flowers are planted, a lot of greenery, it is easy to breathe, you can take a walk and take a break from the hustle and bustle).

– How do you understand the word “BLESS”? (Ozhegov's Dictionary: “Bliss is complete and imperturbable happiness, pleasure.” We can say a little simpler: bliss is the greatest pleasure, pleasure).

Question for those who looked at home in this chapter: – What Beatitudes are mentioned in it?(Children who look at the head of the house list the Beatitudes. They can do this according to the notes in the notebook)

The fattest bliss,
Bliss to be rich
Bliss to drink when you no longer feel thirsty,
There is bliss when you no longer feel hungry,
Bliss Know Nothing
Bliss Remember Nothing
The Bliss of Doing Nothing
Bliss Sleep More Than Needed
The Bliss of Understanding Nothing
Bliss To Be Unbearable
Bliss to be Healthy, Bliss to Breathe Air,
Bliss to Love Parents, Bliss of the Blue Sky,
Bliss of the Forest, Bliss sunny days,
Bliss of Spring, Bliss of the Setting Sun,
Bliss to See the Lighting Stars,
Bliss of the Rain, Bliss of the Winter Hearth,
Bliss to Run Through the Dew Barefoot,
The Bliss of Your Home

Now let's get to know them better.

2. Reading the text in faces: pp. 58-65.

Assignment: while we are working on the chapter, keep these words in mind, return to them with your eyes and mentally, so that later you can answer one of the textbook questions as completely as possible.

Distribution of roles:

Soul of Light
Tiltil
The Fattest Bliss
Bliss (Chief)
Author p.58-60 p.61-62 p.63-65

During the reading, I reserve the right to interrupt you, ask a question, make a clarification ...

So we're off to the Gardens of Bliss...

3. Conversation after reading

Did anything surprise you about this part? ( free speech)

Task: divide the Bliss into groups.

While we are talking with the class about what we read, three students will be given the task of distributing the Beatitudes into groups. ( Students are given the names of the Beatitudes printed on sheets, they distribute them into groups, attach them to a magnetic board).

Conversation with the class.

Let's talk about what we read:

“Why is it useless to look for the Blue Bird near Fat Blisses?”

– Read again, how does the Obese Bliss say about it? (pp. 59-60)

What conclusion can we draw from this? (Fat Bliss treats the Blue Bird as a food product. They do not want to move, search, make discoveries. The meaning of their life is to satisfy the simplest needs - food, drink and sleep. And this just does not distinguish a person from representatives animal world).

– And can you now say why the Blue Bird can only be with those Beatitudes that endure the light of a diamond? (The Bliss that pleases the eye, pleases the soul, and not the stomach, endures the light of the diamond.

The Bliss which reveal to man the beauty of the surrounding world: the blue of the sky, the transparency of the air, the greenery of the forest, the beauty of sunset and dawn, stars, rain…)

- And what are these Bliss? Do you remember? ( Children, either from memory or from the pages of a textbook, recall the names of these Beatitudes)

– How to understand that near the place where the Beatitudes live, there is a cave of Misfortunes? What Bliss threatens to get there?

(From good to bad is one step. Since Fat Bliss prefers everything in excess, any excess ends in trouble. If you overeat, you will end up in the hospital ... It is Fat Bliss that threatens to get there)

- One more no less complex issue: Why does the author show some devil? ( If necessary, you can reread this episode on page 64)

Tiltil
Bliss
Soul of Light
Author

- And what Beatitudes made what impression on you? (free speech)

Checking the division of Beatitudes into groups. ( The purpose of the task is to see the different opinions of children. Understand what Bliss is closer to them. Indeed, in such work they reveal and analyze themselves).

4. Continuation and completion of reading the chapter: pp. 65-67.

Question for those who looked at the chapter before:

– What else, besides the Beatitudes, do our heroes meet? (With Joy)

– What is “JOY”? (Ozhegov Dictionary: “Joy is a cheerful feeling, a feeling of great spiritual satisfaction”)

Distribution of roles:

Tiltil
Soul of Light
Bliss
Mother's love

- So, we are going to meet the Joys ... ( Sounds like a musical recording

G. Gladkova “Farewell, fairy tale! Then there is the reading.)

STAGE IV. Generalization and systematization of knowledge.

- What joys did we learn from the work?

Great Joy To Be Righteous,
The joy of being kind
Joy of Finished Labor,
Joy of Thinking
Joy to understand
Joy to Contemplate the Beautiful,
Great Joy to Love,

Joy of Maternal Love (Joy Unique, Joy of Your Mother) (The teacher places the names of the Joys on the stand.)

- What do these joys give a person? - Do they endure the light of a diamond? Why? (They endure the light of the diamond, as they reveal to man the riches of his own soul)

– And what unites Bliss and Joy with the Blue Bird? (All the Bliss and Joys that endure the light of the diamond are related to the Blue Bird in that they are not easy for a person.

It is much easier to be captured by Fat Bliss: you just need to relax, let yourself go, not strain in your worries. And to learn to notice TRANSPARENT, invisible to the eye, spiritual joys and bliss - OH, HOW NOT SIMPLE! To do this, one must have both willpower and special vision, which can only come from a kind and loving heart)

own attitude to the material studied, the identification of the not yet known, the analysis of one's own mental operations.

Now we can summarize what we have read:

- How can you understand the words that I drew your attention to at the beginning of the lesson? Reread them. (Children speak out, the teacher summarizes):

The whole world of nature and human relations is diverse, rich and beautiful. It is necessary not only to know about it, but also to make efforts to see this wealth and beauty, and then with a good heart to carry it to others, help, forgive, bring joy, so that not only you, but also others feel good. And when everyone is well, the soul is calm, bright, rests and rejoices. So each of us enjoys the day off after the working week - Sunday.

If every person did as we now say, then every day would be joyful and bright.

How to understand that children KNOW many Bliss, but NOT RECOGNIZE them; SEE every day motherly love, but DO NOT KNOW HOW DISCERN her? (Teacher summarizes children's answers):

You can see the blue sky and not realize that it is blue sky - that is, glide your eyes over the beauty instead of feeling and experiencing this beauty with your heart;

The same is with maternal love: children constantly feel it on themselves, but it is expressed not in words, but in constant maternal care, to which children are so accustomed that they stop noticing it.

It is in this that something amazing lies: all this surrounds us on earth, but we do not recognize these spiritual Bliss.

Or do we not want to know? After all, not everyone wants to strain to discover, explore. It is not simple! This needs to be learned! Possibly for the rest of your life!)

- Concluding the work, I would like to ask you only one question:

What value can we take away from the content of today's lesson?

(The teacher evaluates the work of students in the lesson.)

Biography

Maurice Maeterlinck was born on August 29, 1862 in Ghent, the son of a wealthy lawyer. Since childhood, he was interested in literature and poetry, but his parents insisted on a legal education. Having received a law degree in 1885, Maurice goes to Paris to improve his law. Six months spent in Paris, he devotes entirely to literature.
Returning to Ghent, Maeterlinck works as a lawyer and continues his studies in literature. He began to publish in Parisian publications, receiving laudatory reviews from critics. The play-tale "Princess Malene" was considered a masterpiece by the influential French critic Mirbeau, and he compared its author with Shakespeare. Inspired by praise, Maeterlinck leaves the practice of law and devotes himself entirely to literature.
Prone to metaphor and symbolism, Maeterlinck writes mostly fairy tales and plays, where the characters speak little, in short, meaningful phrases, where much remains in the subtext. He is especially good at plays for puppets - unlike live actors, puppets can play a symbol, convey the archetype of his characters.
In 1895, Maurice met Georgette Leblanc, an actress and singer, who becomes his companion, secretary and impresario, protects him from strangers. In 1896 they leave for Paris. During these years, Maeterlinck wrote metaphysical essays and treatises, which were included in the collections Treasure of the Humble, Wisdom and Fate, and The Life of Bees, which draws an analogy between the activity of a bee and human behavior.
The playwright's most popular play, The Blue Bird, was first staged by Stanislavsky in Moscow in 1908; subsequently, she was successfully presented on the stages of London, New York, Paris, gaining popularity not only for her fabulous fantasy, but also for her allegoricalness.
In 1911, Maeterlinck was awarded the Nobel Prize "for his many-sided literary activity, especially for dramatic works, marked by a wealth of imagination and poetic fantasy."
During the First World War, Maeterlinck tried to enlist in the Belgian Civil Guard, but was not accepted due to his age. During this time, his relationship with Leblanc soured, and they separated after the war. In 1919 he married Rene Daon, an actress who played in The Blue Bird.
In the last years of his life, Maeterlinck wrote more articles than plays; From 1927 to 1942, 12 volumes of his writings were published, the most interesting of which is The Life of Termites, an allegorical condemnation of communism and totalitarianism.
Maeterlinck died on May 6 (according to some sources - May 5), 1949 from a heart attack.

Symbolism

Symbolism (fr. Symbolisme) is one of the largest trends in art (in literature, music and painting), which arose in France in the 1870s and 80s. and reached its greatest development at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, primarily in France itself, Belgium and Russia. The Symbolists radically changed not only different kinds art, but also the attitude towards it. Their experimental nature, desire for innovation, cosmopolitanism and a wide range of influences have become a model for most contemporary art movements. Symbolists used symbolism, understatement, hints, mystery, mystery.
The term "symbolism" in art was first coined by the French poet Jean Moréas in the manifesto of the same name - "Le Symbolisme" - published on September 18, 1886 in the newspaper "Le Figaro". By that time, there was another, already stable term "decadentism", which was scornfully called the new forms in the poetry of their criticism. "Symbolism" was the first theoretical attempt by the decadents themselves, so no sharp distinctions, let alone aesthetic confrontation, were established between decadence and symbolism. However, it should be noted that in Russia in the 1890s, after the first Russian decadent writings, these terms began to be contrasted: they saw ideals and spirituality in symbolism and, accordingly, manifested it in this way, and in decadence - lack of will, immorality and passion only for external form. In their works, the Symbolists tried to reflect the life of every soul - full of experiences, obscure, vague moods, subtle feelings, fleeting impressions. Symbolist poets were innovators of poetic verse, filling it with new, vivid and expressive images, and sometimes, trying to achieve an original form, they went into a play of words and sounds considered senseless by their critics. Roughly speaking, we can say that symbolism distinguishes between two worlds: the world of things and the world of ideas. The symbol becomes a kind of conventional sign that connects these worlds in the sense it generates. Every symbol has two sides - the signified and the signifier. This second side is turned to the unreal world. Art is the key to the mystery.
The concept and image of the Mystery, the mysterious, the mystical, is manifested both in romanticism and in symbolism. However, romanticism, as a rule, proceeds from the fact that “the knowledge of the world is the knowledge of oneself, for man is the greatest mystery, the source of analogies for the Universe” (Novalis). Symbolists have a different understanding of the world: in their opinion, true Being, “true-existing” or Mystery, is an absolute, objective principle, to which both Beauty and the world Spirit belong. Unlike other trends in art that use elements of their characteristic symbolism, symbolism considers the expression of "unattainable", sometimes mystical, Ideas, images of Eternity and Beauty, the goal and content of its art, and the symbol, fixed in the element of artistic speech and based in its image into a polysemantic poetic word - the main, and sometimes the only possible artistic means.
The most striking change introduced by symbolism concerns the form of the artistic embodiment of its poetics. In the context of symbolism, a work of any kind of art begins to play precisely with poetic meanings, poetry becomes a form of thinking. Prose and drama begin to sound like poetry, the visual arts paint its images, and with music, the connection of poetry becomes simply all-encompassing. Poetic images-symbols, as if rising above reality, giving a poetic associative array, are embodied by symbolist poets in a sound-written, musical form, and the sound of the poem itself is no less, if not more important for expressing the meaning of a symbol. Summarizing, we can say that the method of symbolism involves the embodiment of the main ideas of the work in the many-valued and many-sided associative aesthetics of symbols, i.e. such images, the meaning of which is comprehensible through their direct expression by a unit of artistic (poetic, musical, pictorial, dramatic) speech, as well as through its certain properties (the sound of a poetic word, the color scheme of a pictorial image, the interval and rhythmic features of a musical motive, timbre colors etc.). The main content of a symbolic work is the eternal Ideas expressed in the figurativeness of symbols, i.e. generalized ideas about a person and his life, the highest Meaning, comprehended only in a symbol, as well as Beauty embodied in it.

Analysis of the play "The Blue Bird".

The famous play by the Belgian symbolist Maurice Maeterlinck is called The Blue Bird. The key theme of this work is a rather multifaceted concept of "happiness". The symbol of happiness in this play is the mythical Blue Bird.

It is rather a generalized image of the happiness that all people are looking for, rather than a specific definition of this feeling. No wonder the writer chose the form of a fairy tale for such a work, this is how the main theme can be revealed from a symbolic, mysterious side. A fairy tale will help even a child to realize what happiness is. But this play will also be interesting for adults - the allegories and symbols make you think about the important moral and spiritual issues that Maeterlinck raises in his work. This seemingly fantastic story tells about important problems in the life of every person, Maeterlinck tries to reveal the true in a significant way and false in human life. And he tries to show this through children, whose souls are still pure, and whose thoughts are kind and open-minded. This important point to analyze the play - after all, children are considered innocent and naive, they are most drawn to something good and bright. And it is children who are able to immediately comprehend and feel the true meaning of life and its riddle.

Two main characters - Teltil and Metil - go in search of happiness, the Blue Bird. She lives in the Palace of the Night, but it is remarkable that she can only exist in the sun. This suggests that it is impossible to meet her ... But the essence of the play is not in this, but in what the children had to endure and discover when they went in search of a bird. They learn about true life values, their long and adventurous path teaches them to distinguish between true and false in life. The symbolism created by Maeterlinck, in the subtlest way, reveals the vices of a person, and what leads him to virtue. Teltil and Metil learn that there are different types Pleasures - to do nothing, to be rich or the pleasure of loving parents, to see the stars, to be kind and fair ... They will recognize the very difference between selfish pleasures and happiness.

And it becomes clear that main goal the search for children was not an illusory happiness, but life values which lead a person to true happiness and help to realize it. On their way, they meet the Soul of Light, which helps to overcome many obstacles, but not only saves them, but teaches children important moral lessons.

And the most important lesson for both children and adults is the understanding of the essence of evil, which is personified in the play by the Palace of Night. In this case, the Night is not only evil, it is, first of all, the inability of many people to distinguish evil from good.

On the way to happiness, children acquire the knowledge that helps a person to form the meaning of life for himself. And only then can one feel true happiness, which is completely individual for each person.

1.V. G. Rasputin "Live and remember"

2. Paulo Coelho was born in Rio de Janeiro on August 24, 1947 in the family of an engineer. Since childhood, he dreamed of becoming a writer. But in the 60s in Brazil, art was banned by the military dictatorship. At that time, the word "artist" was a synonym for the words "homosexual", "communist", "drug addict"; and "loafer". Worried about the future of their son and trying to protect him from persecution by the authorities, the parents send 17-year-old Paulo to a psychiatric hospital. After leaving the hospital, Coelho becomes a hippie. He reads everything indiscriminately, from Marx and Lenin to the Bhagavad Gita. Then, he founded the underground magazine "2001", which discusses the problems of spirituality, Apocalypse. In addition, Paulo writes lyrics for anarchist songs. Rock star Raul Seixas, Brazilian Jim Morrison, made them so popular that Coelho became rich and famous overnight. He continues to look for himself: he works as a journalist in a newspaper, trying to realize himself in theater directing and dramaturgy. But soon the themes of his poems attracted the attention of the authorities. Coelho is accused of subversive anti-government activities, for which he is arrested and tortured three times. After getting out of prison, Coelho decides it's time to settle down and become a normal person. He stops writing and pursues a career with CBS Records. But one day he is fired without any explanation. And then he decides to travel. A chance meeting in Amsterdam leads him to the Catholic order of RAM, created in 1492. Here Paulo learned to understand the language of signs and omens that we meet on our way. According to the ritual of the path, the order sends him on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostella. Having covered 80 kilometers along the legendary pilgrimage trail, Coelho described this journey in his first book, Pilgrimage, published in 1987. It was soon followed by the second - "The Alchemist", which brought the author world fame: a stormy interest in the novel has been maintained for several years now. The story of the young shepherd Santiago, who abandoned the priesthood chosen by his parents for him in favor of wandering and searching for treasures, told by Coelho in The Alchemist, is in fact only the tip of the iceberg. In The Alchemist, the author touches on the topic of goal setting. Telling us about how a simple shepherd acted against his parents because his goals and desires turned out to be strong enough, Coelho hints that every person can come to success, but only on condition that he clearly determines for himself how he, this success, must be. The Alchemist was very warmly received by critics - this fashionable bestseller can undoubtedly be called literature in terms of both content and form. The light, melodious rhythm of the narration, as well as a pleasant, slightly ornate style of presentation, create a special mood for the reader, help to accept and understand the novel. Of course, there were those who argued that from an artistic point of view, "The Alchemist" is not as good as we would like - they say, the text is not able to captivate, it looks boring and monotonous.

It is difficult to agree with this - Coelho leads a conversation with the reader, the topic of which does not tolerate haste. Leisurely talking about Santiago and his adventures, the author leaves the reader the opportunity to feel the atmosphere of the novel, to immerse himself in reading completely. That is why the plot is not oversaturated with events - this narrative has a different goal. In The Alchemist, Coelho does not seek to tell an interesting and fascinating story, he wants to convey to the reader the thought hidden in it, its morality, and this requires thoughtfulness and slowness. In 1999, in Italy, returning to the hotel from a speech at a conference, Coelho found a manuscript in his room: the Brazilian prostitute Sonia told about her life in Europe. Coelho became interested in this story and three years later finally met Sonia in Zurich. She took him to the local quarter of brothels, where an unusual meeting with readers took place: Coelho signed several books for Sonya and her friends. This episode received press coverage, after which, at the next meeting with readers in Geneva, several more prostitutes from different countries handed Coelho their manuscripts. Here he met Maria, Amy, Vanessa and many other girls. The impressions of these meetings formed the basis of the novel Eleven Minutes. and the image of its main character. The main character of the novel, Maria, was born in the northeast of Brazil. She is young and beautiful and can easily get married. But before getting married, she wants to fulfill her childhood dream - to see Rio de Janeiro. For two years she saves money for a trip and finally ends up in the city of her dreams. Here, on the beach of Copacabana, she meets a Swiss businessman. He calls her to go with him to Europe and promises to make her a theater star. Maria is not averse to taking risks and, having secured her parental blessing, signs a contract and goes to Geneva. If she had read the contract more closely, she would have realized that she was dooming herself to the beggarly life of a dancer in a nightclub. And very soon Maria becomes a prostitute. On this path of disappointment - a path that falls to the lot of many naive girls - Maria quickly grows up and forgets her childhood dreams of happiness. In just a year, "trading her time without the right to buy it back," Maria becomes pragmatic, sober and realistic. Hopes, ideals and dreams are replaced by a concrete and practical goal: to earn money and buy a farm in Brazil. From now on, her body is only a means to achieve this goal. Parallel to the story, on behalf of the author, a story unfolds in a diary, to which Maria confides her thoughts about this bitter time of her life. The novel "Eleven minutes" - this is not just a story of a prostitute. What is important here is not so much what fate befell Mary, but what she learned from her difficult experience of living in a foreign land. Here is what she writes in her diary: “Both the gospels and all the sacred writings of all religions were written in exile, in search of God: it is from such doubts that all books and pictures are born, because we do not want - and we cannot! forget who we are.

Paulo Coelho claims that he did not intend either to provoke discussions on the subject of his book, or to say in this area some decisive word that excludes all disagreements. He sought to express what really interests him, and not what people want to hear. “Some books awaken our dreams,” he explains, “others bring us back to reality, but for every author, one thing remains the most important: to be true to yourself.” The novel "Zaire" is the best of the novels of the famous Brazilian writer. This is not just another bestseller. This is a book of personal revelation, something like a confession, presented in the form of a plot narrative. The protagonist- a popular writer, once a native of a backward country where "there is not even a literary tradition of his own", a former hippie and drug addict, and now a respectable resident of France, rich and famous - so much resembles Coelho himself that it will be difficult for the reader to distract himself from the thought that the story It's about a fictional character, not about the author himself. The novel begins like a real detective story. Under mysterious circumstances, the wife of the protagonist Esther disappears - a war correspondent who has just returned from Iraq, where hostilities are taking place. Her husband, the police and the entire public are at a loss as to what happened. A young woman was kidnapped? Taken hostage? Or she just ran away with her lover - rumor has it recent times she was often seen with some unknown young man of Asian appearance? Subsequently, it turns out that neither bandits, nor Islamic extremists, nor adultery have anything to do with Esther's disappearance. But in order to find out, to understand the reasons that prompted a young woman, after ten years, if not a happy, then quite a prosperous marriage, to secretly leave her passionately beloved man, and Europe, which has become her own, and the whole habitual way of life, and go in search of truth almost to the edge. light - to the wild steppes of Kazakhstan, the hero has to go through a long and painful path of suffering, reflection and reassessment of values. Only after meeting with the one whom he considered his happy rival, imbued with the philosophy of inner freedom and creating a brilliant book, he realizes that Esther left him only because she loved too much. The word Zaire, given by the author in the title of the novel, was borrowed by him from Borges, and by that, in turn, from the Muslim tradition. It denotes something real, visible, which, however, has an almost mystical property to crash into memory and absorb all thoughts and thoughts. Everyone has their own Zaire, but, having seen it once, it is no longer possible to forget and think about something else. Zaire is the raison d'etre, an obsession, "holiness or madness". It is Zaire that becomes Esther for the hero. And he goes after her in order to regain in her face not just love and happiness, but life and the meaning of existence. "So what is this book about?" - those who have not yet read "Zaire" will ask. And the interlocutors will answer them differently. “About a Man and a Woman, about Love, which, having passed through the centuries, has remained the same as in the time of Odysseus and Penelope,” one will say. About life and death, the search for meaning, hard way finding harmony with oneself, ”says another.

We were only interested in the main tradition of popular festive laughter, which prepared Rabelais (and the Renaissance in general), and its gradual fading in the next two centuries. *** Our work is mainly of a historical-literary nature, although it is rather closely connected with the problems of historical poetics. But we do not pose broader general aesthetic questions and, in particular, questions of the aesthetics of laughter. We reveal here only one historically defined form of laughter in the folk culture of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and not in its full scope, but within the boundaries of the analysis of Rabelais' work. In this sense, our work can only provide some material for the philosophy and aesthetics of laughter, nothing more. The historically determined form of laughter of popular culture that we are studying was opposed to not seriousness in general, but also to the historically determined form of the one-sided dogmatic seriousness of the Middle Ages. But the history of culture and literature knows other forms of seriousness. Thus, ancient culture knew a form of tragic seriousness, which received the deepest expression in the genre of ancient Greek tragedy.

Oct 02 2010

The play "The Blue Bird" was written at a time when G. Maeterlinck from a symbolist to a "theater of death" came to a different vision of the world - a romantic one. And the meaning of the play is to show mankind the philosophical meaning of being, the beauty of today's life and its greatness. The heroes of Maeterlinck, the little children of the forester Tiltil and, set off on a journey in search of the Blue Bird, which should give them health and. What makes them go in search, although they do not know exactly where to go? The fairy will be able to awaken in them both kindness and the desire to know the world. After all, they must definitely learn to see what is "not in sight."

And then it turns out that the whole world around, all objects have their own soul, their attitude towards people. Then the children go in search not by themselves, but in a circle of friends and enemies. Just as everyone always walks with life. Their journey lies the Land of Remembrance and the Palace of Night, the gardens of Bliss and the Realm of the Future. Children learn that they should pray for the dead, because "praying means remembering." The sacrament of death is as great as the sacrament of birth. And above all this is the old Time, which is impossible to let someone into the Earth sooner or later. And each carries with it some kind of action - good or bad. This is precisely the meaning of his birth - bringing something to the world. Wherever the children were, everywhere they saw birds that seemed blue, but none were that blue bird. And only when the children returned home again, the most similar turtledove, which belonged to Tyltil, turned out to be the most similar. And it is no coincidence that the journey itself ends in the very forester's hut from where they set off. Only now she seems different, better, because the children returned differently.

So the main thing is the readiness to go on a campaign for the truth, the desire for change, the desire for the ideal. This, according to Maeterlinck, is the meaning of life to understand why you came into the world, which is the meaning of the fact that you live, because it is eternal.

Maurice Maeterlinck was the man who created the symbolist "theater".

Now we can talk about the search for the Blue Bird by the heroes. It is clear that this extravaganza was preceded by a complex creative and spiritual path, if it is replaced by the Unknown, i.e. invisible and unknown fatal forces whose intentions are secret, unknown. After all, it was Death, to which all the faces that only waited listened.

And so the reader and the theater are offered, in which there is no sense of predictability, the heroes of which do not wait, but act and change, first of all, their spiritual world. Because of this, most of the characters are symbols of the spiritual activity of man, as such, the creative principle.

Thus, the Soul of Light goes in search of the Blue Bird of happiness of a family that no one would call prosperous, accompanied by the Souls of Fire, Water, Sugar and two creatures that have been accompanying a person on his path for a long time. The souls of children are not primitive and have learned a lot. The magic diamond helps children on their way. And that path is the most dangerous that a person goes through. This is the way of self-education. One by one the pictures change. From the impoverished woodcutter's hut we find ourselves in the luxurious chambers of the fairy, just to meet with the assets of the original people - fire, water, bread, sugar, the first native animals. First, as one should have expected, on the path of self-knowledge, we turn to our memories ... A terrible demonstration of the maternal fate of the poor for me completely removes the idyllic mood of the picture: seven dead children, one after another, go to the end.

Deepening further leads little people to horrors and dark impulses of the human psyche. The Bluebirds caught here cannot stand the light. The "forest" of personality did not go far from the "forest" of nature, which tried to condemn a person whom, nevertheless, he was unable to defeat. The opening of the cemetery's Diamond assures the boy and girl that there is no death.

Nevertheless, the light can also be eclipsed - there are different blessings behind the essence, and if the masks are torn off, they look like monsters. And only the joys of Understanding, Seeing, Not being afraid, just like Mother's Love, are true. The most tragic symbols are probably in the blue palace, where they are waiting for life, everything is in it in advance, unborn children ...

And so we return to the woodcutter's hut, without finding the Blue bird. And something similar was already only at the beginning of his wanderings. He will give it to a neighbor girl, but he will not keep the Bird of Happiness.

Maybe because happiness cannot be chosen or received as a gift. You have to follow him. In vain, Tiltil addresses the audience: We ask you very much: if one of you finds him, then let him bring it to us, we need it in order to become happy in the future ...

LITERARY EVENING IN 7TH CLASS

"THE ROAD TO HAPPINESS" (based on the play by M. Maeterlinck "The Blue Bird")

Board layout:

* Epigraph: “Blue Bird” is a rhythm whose name is Life.

Alexander Blok.

*Portrait of M. Maeterlinck

* Aphorisms about happiness:

1. * If someday, while chasing happiness, you find it, you, like an old woman looking for her glasses, will find that happiness was all the time on your nose.

Bernard Show

1. Life gives a person, at best, a single unique moment, and the secret of happiness is to repeat this moment as often as possible.

Oscar Wilde

1. to be completely happy, it is not enough to have happiness, one must also deserve it.

Hugo Victor

1. A bird - happiness is not easy to catch, but even more difficult to tame.

Ilya Shevelev

1. Most happy man the one who brings happiness to the greatest number of people.

Denis Diderot

* illustrations for the work

The course of the evening

The music of E. Grieg “Morning” sounds. Lights out, candles burning

teacher's word

Good evening guys. Today we have unusual evening. We are going to meet with an unusual, amazing work and talk about what worried, excites and will excite people for many years.Most often, we wish each other happiness. We dream of happiness. And what is happiness? How does it happen? How to achieve it? How to stay happy? These questions are being pondered more 100 years of readers and spectators of M. Maeterlinck's extravaganza "The Blue Bird".

And what is a fairy tale? What genre is this. Lena Ivashchenko will help us figure this out.

Student message.

FEERIA (French féerie, from fée - sorceress, fairy), a genre of performing arts (theatrical, variety, circus, cinematic). In the extravaganza, as a rule, a fabulous, magical plot is used; luxurious costumes and scenery; numerous complex staged effects. Extravaganza is traditionally considered a "light", entertaining genre of performing arts.

The court theater of the era of absolutism provided fertile ground for the formation and development of the extravaganza genre (Western Europe - 17-18 centuries, Russia - 18-19 centuries), when financial resources performances were practically unlimited. Opera and ballet performances very often carry the character of extravaganza.

In extravaganza, audience reactions are based on surprise and admiration; strong psychological reactions are possible only within these boundaries of the emotional field. That is why the extravaganza genre is extremely common in circus performances. The initially programmed reaction of admiration for the unusual skills and abilities of artists that exceed the abilities of the average person and go beyond the ordinary can be multiplied many times over by complex technical equipment- for example, an arena completely filled with water. As a rule, in the extravaganza genre, numbers of circus and variety illusion are built, which by their nature are close to a miracle.

Speaking of theatrical extravaganza, one cannot help but recall the Russian entrepreneur, actor, director M.V. Lentovsky, who opened the Fantastic Theater in Moscow in 1882 (later renamed Antey). The theater enjoyed great popularity, striking the audience with the grandeur of the productions, the unusual effects, and the picturesque crowd scenes. In collaboration with the brilliant theater engineer and decorator K.F. Waltz, Lentovsky created extravaganzas filled with bright entertainment and ingenuity. The Lentovsky Theater made a great impression on K.S. Stanislavsky.

Question

?** What extravaganza did you already get acquainted with in literature lessons?

(“Scarlet Sails” by A. Green)

?** Name the main characters in this story.

?** Why do we call it extravaganza?

(a fabulous, magical plot is used; luxurious costumes and scenery;

numerous complex staged effects.)

teacher's word

The name of Maurice Maeterlinck reminds us, first of all, of his The Blue Bird, a play staged by K. S. Stanislavsky in Russia earlier than in the homeland of the playwright, in Belgium. The performance still does not leave the stage of the Moscow Art Theater, there was also a film, a musical and a ballet "The Blue Bird". This incomprehensibly attractive philosophical tale promises to show the way to the Happiness to Come. The generally optimistic vision of the playwright's life suggested to him the idea of ​​"talking to the unfortunate about happiness so that they learn to understand it."

What kind of person was Maurice Maeterlinck? Sasha Bunina and Vika Fedorkina will acquaint us with his fate, his work.

Student message.

1 . The Belgian playwright and essayist Maurice Polydor Marie Bernard Maeterlinck was born on August 29, 1862 in Ghent, into a wealthy Flemish family. His father was a notary, and his mother was the daughter of a wealthy lawyer. From 1874 to 1881, Mr.. M. attended the Jesuit College. The boy was interested in poetry and literature, but his parents insisted that he study law at Ghent University. Having received a diploma in 1885, M. went to Paris to improve his law, but those 6 months that he spent in Paris were entirely devoted to literature.

Upon returning to Ghent M. works as a lawyer, continues to engage in literature. In the Parisian monthly Pleiades, M.'s short story "The Murder of the Innocents" is published, and in 1889 he publishes the poetry collection "Greenhouses" and the play-tale "Princess Malene", a laudatory review of which is placed in "Figaro" by the influential French critic Octave Mirbeau : Mirbeau called "Princess Malene" a masterpiece, and compared its author with Shakespeare. Encouraged by the praise of the famous critic, M. leaves the practice of law and devotes himself entirely to literature.

In subsequent years, M. writes symbolic plays. All these plays are characterized by the mysterious atmosphere of a fairy tale; the characters speak little, in short, meaningful phrases, much remains in the subtext.

In 1894, Mr.. M. writes three plays for puppets: "Aladdin and Palomides", "There, inside" and "Death of Tentagil". The playwright turns to the puppet theater because, unlike live actors, puppets can play a symbol.

In 1895, Mr.. M. met Georgette Leblanc, an actress and singer, who became his companion for 23 years. Leblanc, a strong-willed, educated woman, combined the duties of secretary and impresario M., protected him from outsiders. In addition, Georgette played the main roles, mostly women of power, in the plays of the playwright.

In 1896, Mr.. M. and Leblanc moved from Ghent, where his plays have become the subject of ridicule, in Paris.

The Blue Bird, perhaps M.'s most popular play, was first staged in 1908 by Stanislavsky at the Moscow Art Theatre; they played "The Blue Bird" in London, New York, Paris. In this play, M. returns to the symbolic fairy-tale style of his works of the 1890s. The "Blue Bird" gained popularity not only for its fabulous fantasy, but also for its allegoricalness. The story about one of the heroes of this play, Tiltila, M. continues in the play-extravaganza "Betrothal".

2 . In 1911, Mr.. M. was awarded the Nobel Prize "for many-sided literary activity, especially for dramatic works, marked by a wealth of imagination and poetic fantasy." In his speech, a member of the Swedish Academy S.D. Virsen singled out the play "Aglavena and Selisette" in particular, which is not consistent with the rather low assessment of this play today. Due to illness, M. could not attend the ceremony, and the award was presented to the Belgian Ambassador to Sweden, Charles Wouters. Soon M. was offered to become a member of the French Academy, but the playwright rejected this proposal, because for this he had to give up his Belgian citizenship.

During the First World War, M. tried to enroll in the Belgian Civil Guard, but did not get into it because of his age. The playwright's patriotic activity thus consisted in giving propaganda lectures in Europe and the United States. During this time, his relationship with Leblanc soured, and they separated after the war. In 1919, M. marries Rene Daon, an actress who played in The Blue Bird. In the last years of his life, M. wrote more articles than plays; from 1927 to 1942, 12 volumes of his works were published.

In 1939, when Nazi Germany threatened Europe, M. moved to Portugal. When it became obvious that Portugal could also be under the heel of Hitler, M. and his wife left for the United States, where he lived throughout the war and returned to Nice in his mansion "Pchelnik" in 1947. M. died on May 6, 1949 .from a heart attack. Since the writer was a convinced atheist during his lifetime, he was not buried according to church rites.

In addition to the Nobel Prize, M. received an honorary doctorate from the University of Glasgow, the Belgian Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold (1920) and the Portuguese Order of the Sword of St.. Jacob (1939). In 1932, the King of Belgium granted the playwright the title of count.

M. owes his still high reputation mainly to the plays that are still being staged.

The music of J. Last “The Lonely Shepherd” sounds

teacher's word

?** When does the play take place?

(on Christmas Eve)

?** -What does it mean?

(Any miracle can happen.)

?** Maeterlinck's play is based on the search for happiness - the Blue Bird.Why exactly blue?

?** What else can the Blue Bird symbolize?

(luck, dream, hope, love).

Now I suggest you split into two teams. They will be called "Dream" and "Hope". And together we will go in search of happiness with Maurice Maeterlinck and the heroes of his extravaganza.

Students take cards with team names on them and sit on tables with name plates.

1 task "CREATE A NAME YOURSELF"

*You have read Maeterlinck's play The Blue Bird. What do you think is the meaning of the title of this work?

(The blue bird is a symbol of happiness, for which the heroes of the fairy tale set off on a journey.)

*** What other names would you come up with for this fairy tale?

(for each successfully invented name and its rationale - 1 point)

2 task "AUCTION OF HEROES"

You read a fairy tale, met its characters. Now on the pieces of paper for two minutes you will write down their names, and then you will call them in turn. The one who names the character last will receive 3 points)

Task 3 "LITERARY LOTTO"

Choose a hero in one box, and in another - find his characteristics.

(Tiltil: a boy of about ten, in a short jacket, pale blue, the son of a woodcutter.

Mityl: the woodcutter's daughter, dressed as a little red riding hood.

Fire: A hero in a red suit who is feared by all animals.

Tiletta: Mityl's favorite animal, cunning and treacherous.

Tilo: Tiltyl's favorite animal, loyal and devoted friend.

Water - the heroine in a dress bluish greenish color, with a transparent tint, from a kind of flowing gas; and a headdress from flowers and waterdonkey or from panicles of reeds.

Soul of Light - one of the main characters; in gasa moon-colored dress, that is, pale gold with silver sequins; rays seem to emanate from this dress.)

Task 4 "LESSONS OF HAPPINESS OF DIFFERENT ROADS"

?** The heroes go after the Blue Bird. Who needs this bird?

(Sick girl.)

?** What's wrong with her?

(She dreams of a blue bird that will bring her happiness and health.)

?** Fairy Berilune puts a green cap on Tiltila's head, and he turns the diamond once, then twice.What happens to all the surrounding objects?

?** Why?

?** What is the meaning of the word friend?

?** How did the cat behave?

?** What is the lexical meaning of the word deceit?

?** Why is the cat against going after the Blue Bird?

?** Why is the cat assigned such a role?

?** What lesson does Maeterlinck teach us?

(Friendship and deceit always go together. You need to be able to distinguish one from the other.)

?** So, the children go on a journey to find happiness for the sick girl. The journey takes them to the land of memories.Briefly retell this episode. What is the idea of ​​happiness among the dead?

(They are happy and come alive when they are remembered.)

?** Therefore, happiness in real life is impossible without ... We begin to build a road to happiness in our lesson. On the table are laid out the lessons of happiness in different ways.Choose the wisdom of the first journey.

1 team chooses a sign:

“Study and respect the past.”- 5 points

?** Journey of Heroes Kingdom of Night. Who do the characters meet in this part?

(With diseases, horrors, wars.)

?** Why is the Night Palace chosen for all sorts of riddles, mysteries, horrors, illnesses? What is night symbolized by?

?** Why can't anything stop Tyltil?

?** What is the symbolic meaning of Tyltil's courage here?

(Fear recedes before Knowledge, in Knowledge there is strength.)

But the bluebirds caught in the Night Palace turned out to be dead. Why?

(And this truth is not the last, and it does not exhaust knowledge about the world.

Need to know something else. And this is something about the children in the Garden of Beatitudes.)

(There are many good and bad things in life, but only those who are not afraid of difficulties win.)

?** Open the second track lesson.

Team 2 chooses:

“Boldly overcome obstacles.”- 5 points

?** An episode in the forest. Let's read an excerpt from this part by roles.

What opposite heroes are the trees in the forest divided into?

(On those who hate people and those who protect them.)

?** Why do trees not like people?

(The forest remembers that the heroes are the children of the woodcutter who destroyed the forest.)

?** What is the point of this episode?

(Children understood that it is necessary to live in friendship with all the inhabitants of the earth.)

?** Find the path of happiness of this episode.

1 team chooses a sign:

“Man must live in harmony with the world around him.”- 5 points

?** E pizod Gardens of Bliss. What such bliss?

(complete, imperturbable happiness).

?** Why is the Soul of Light in a hurry to lead the children away from fat bliss?

?** Fat blessings are replaced by other blessings that are connected with the spirit. What true blessings did you learn from the play?

(The bliss of sunny days.

It is bliss to see the shining stars.

Bliss to be fair.

Bliss to be kind.

Bliss to behold beauty

Bliss of Motherly Love.)

Expressive reading by the teacher by heart of an excerpt from R. Gamzatov's poem "Take care of mothers"

It's hard to live, having lost your mother forever.

No one is happier than you, whose mother is alive!

In the name of my sisters and brothers

Listen - please! - in my words!

No matter how the course of events beckons you.

No matter how the whirlpool attracts you,

Take care of your mother's eyes

From insults, from hardships and worries.

Pain for sons - like chalk -

Bleach her braids white.

Even if the heart is hardened

Give mom a little warmth!

If you have become a hard heart,

Be, children, more affectionate with her.

Protect your mother from evil words:

Know: children hurt everyone more painfully.

Mother will leave, and not to erase the scar,

The mother will die, and the pain will not be relieved.

I swear: take care of your mother!

Children of the world, take care of your mother!

So that the mold does not penetrate the soul,

So that our life does not become dark,

In order not to forget the beautiful songs,

Those, in childhood she sang to us.

Explanation of the play's directions

?** Explain the remark in act 4, picture 9, p. 436: "Other joys coming from everywhere greet the Joy of Mother's Love." Why is this Joy so honored?

?** Explain Mother's Love's line: “All mothers are rich. If they love their children…” (p. 437)

?** Explain the remark of Mother's Love: “There, with us, I am very busy, I always have no time. But the unsaid can be heard…” /p. 437/. What is the unsaid about?

?** Why didn't the children stay in the Garden of Beatitudes?

(They had to hurry for the Bluebird)

?** Select the track of this part.

Team 2 chooses:

“We must sacrifice pleasure for the main thing.”- 5 points

?** Kingdom of the future.Retell this episode.

What is the meaning of this episode?

(You need to have a goal in life, think about the future.)

?** Why are babies so eager to be born?

?** What other lesson does the author teach?

(Hope for happiness is always needed by a Man, because without it it is impossible to live.)

?** Do you think Maeterlinck accidentally made the kingdom of the future bright blue, fabulous blue. magical blue?

?** And now the blue bird is in the hands of the heroes, but it again changed color.Why did this happen? What does it mean?

completed, knowledge is an endless process. Stop on the path of knowledge

is the death of knowledge.The blue bird in a cage is a symbol of just such a stop.

Happiness is given to a person precisely in the process of infinite approximation

To absolute truth not.)

?** Select a track for this episode.

“ Think about the future.”

?** The last episode is The Return. The children return home without the Blue Bird. But the woodcutter's hut magically transforms - everything seems new, joyful. What did the author mean by this? What did the children understand about what happiness is?

(Happiness is living with the people you love.)

?** What happened to the sick girl?

(Children give her Gorlinka, which seems blue to them, the bird flies away, but the children are happy, because

That they are together, that a holiday is coming, that happiness is a dream to strive for.)

?** A year has passed since the children set out on their journey.Why a year, after all, only one night has passed?

?** Maybe the guys dreamed all this?

(This is not the main thing. After all, sometimes we dream of something that is impossible in life,

and life presents what you never dreamed of.)

?** What is the symbolic meaning of this th fairy tales?

(Necessary be able to discern happiness in simple domestic bliss,

The great joy of motherly love.)

?** The blue bird given to the sick girl returns the joy of life,but then it flies away. What does it make you think about?

(Happiness cannot be kept in a cage. It's free like a bird.

Happiness is always with us, just don't be afraid to look for it.)

The songs "Conversation with Happiness" and "Bird of Happiness" sound

Task 5 "APHORISMS ABOUT HAPPINESS"

At students take cards with aphorisms about happiness and explain them.

6 task "BLUE BIRD"

With the help of paints, felt-tip pens, colored pencils, draw your Blue Bird.

Teacher's word: Each of you thought today about what happiness is and what road leads to it. I believe that the fairy tale "The Blue Bird" by Maurice Maeterlinck teaches us to cherish what we have, to see and find happiness next to us and appreciate it.

The students read the verses:

Tanya . Treasure happiness, cherish!

Notice, rejoice, take

Rainbows, sunrises, eye stars -

It's all for you, for you, for you.

Denis. Heard a trembling word -

Rejoice. Don't ask for a second.

Don't chase time. To nothing.

Rejoice in this, him!

Vika Sh. How long is the song destined to last?

Can everything in the world repeat itself?

A leaf in a stream, a bullfinch, over a steep elm ...

Will it be a thousand times?

Lena K. Evening is illuminated on the boulevard

Poplars burning candles.

Rejoice, do not spoil anything

No hope, no love, no meeting!

Larisa. If this miracle is missed,

How can you live in the world then?

Everything that flew past the heart,

Don't miss out on anything!

Katia. Ailments and quarrels temporarily set aside,

Leave them all for old age.

Try to even now

This "charm" has passed you.

Tanya . And for very, very kind eyes

There is no strife, no envy, no torment.

Joy will stretch out its hands to you,

If you have a good heart.

Lena K . Seeing beauty in the ugly

See the rivers flowing in the streams!

Who knows how to be happy on weekdays,

He really is a happy man!

Vika Sh. And roads and bridges sing

The colors of the forest and the wind of events,

Stars, birds, rivers and flowers:

Treasure happiness, cherish!

teacher's word

A few days ago you wrote a mini-essay "Happiness is..." Listen to the general definition of happiness for our class. (reading excerpts from student essays)

And in conclusion, let's sum up the results of our competition. Whatever these results are, one thing is clear: dreams, hopes and, of course, happiness won.

Sviridov's waltz for the film "Snowstorm" and the waltz for the film "My gentle and gentle beast" are played.