Before you learn how to make 76 gasoline out of 92, you need to understand that it is better to find a gas station that sells 76 or 80 gasoline. If it is not possible to purchase 76 fuel, it is possible to modify the internal combustion engine for a lower octane number of gasoline. This is usually done by increasing the internal volume of the combustion chamber, for example, by using spacers for the cylinder head (if we are talking about a car) or by installing a plug under a candle if we are talking about a gasoline tool.

The use of gasoline with a higher octane number in the engine is highly discouraged, because. can lead to valve burnout and incorrect temperature conditions (the engine heats up more). But the use of “diluted” gasoline to a lower octane number is also unsafe, but more on that below.

How to lower the octane number of gasoline

So, to lower the octane number of gasoline, you can use kerosene, the octane number of which is 45, this number means faster combustion of the fuel mixture and delayed ignition delay. If we add kerosene to gasoline, we will slow down the combustion of fuel, which actually means lowering the octane number.

But diluting gasoline to lower the octane number will lead to dirtier combustion, which in turn will inevitably lead to increased pollution of the spark plug and piston system (soot), as well as an increase in temperature regime ICE.

Kerosene should not be taken for kerosene stoves, it is too dirty, there will be a lot of soot. Ideally, you need to take fuel for light aircraft.

How to make 76 gasoline from 92

So, we decided that we would dilute 92 gasoline with kerosene. The calculator below will help you calculate exactly how much gasoline and kerosene you need to mix to get the required amount of 76 gasoline.

Gasoline - it is difficult to remember something more familiar to a motorist. Every day, cars burn hundreds of thousands of liters of this fuel, but few car owners seriously thought about how it is produced, about the features of the fuel composition and other aspects.

Some terminology

1. Aromatic;
2. Olefinic;
3. Paraffin and others.

These hydrocarbons are combustible. The boiling point of the mixture varies from 33 to 250 °C, depending on the additives used.

What is gasoline made from?

Scheme of gasoline production

Fuel is produced at the facilities of oil refineries. Myself manufacturing process very complex and divided into several cycles.

First, crude oil enters the enterprise through pipelines, is pumped into huge tanks, and then settles. Next, oil washing begins - water is added to it, and then electricity. As a result, salts settle to the bottom and walls of the tanks.

During the subsequent atmospheric-vacuum distillation, the oil is heated and divided into several types. There are 2 stages of processing:

1. vacuum;
2. Thermal.

Upon completion of the primary processing process, catalytic reforming begins, during which the next purification of gasoline and the extraction of fractions of the 92nd, 95th and 98th gasoline take place.

Photo: aif.ru

This process, which is also called recycling, includes 2 main stages:

1. Cracking - purification of oil from sulfur impurities;
2. Reforming - endowing the substance with an octane number.

Video: How gasoline is made from oil. Just about complex

At the end of these stages, the quality of the fuel passes, which takes several hours.

It is noteworthy that domestic plants (in the majority) from 1 ton of oil receive 240 liters of gasoline. The rest is gas, fuel oil and aviation fuel.

What is octane number

This phrase is known to very many, but not everyone knows what exactly this term means and why it is so important.

The octane number is the ability of a fuel (including gasoline) to resist spontaneous combustion under pressure. In other words, its detonation resistance.

During engine operation, the piston compresses the air-fuel mixture (compression stroke). At this point, when the finished mixture is under pressure, it can spontaneously ignite even before the spark plug has sparked. In the people, this phenomenon is called in one word -. A characteristic sign of detonation is the noise in the engine - metallic ringing.

Therefore, the higher the octane number, the higher the ability of the fuel to resist detonation.

Gasoline labeling

At gas stations you can find a variety of names, not excluding the most familiar to most motorists. Usually gasoline is marked with the letters "A" and "AI". Their decryption:

1. "A" - this designation indicates that;
2. "AI" - the letter "I" means the method by which the octane number was determined.

There are 2 ways to determine the octane number - research (AI) and motor (AM).

Research method - It is determined by testing the fuel on a single cylinder power plant, under variable compression ratio, crankshaft speed of 600 rpm, ignition timing of 13 ° and air (intake) temperature of 52 ° C. These conditions are similar to light and medium loads.

Motor method - its determination is carried out on a similar installation, but other conditions are different. The air (intake) temperature is 149°C, the crankshaft speed is 900 rpm, and the ignition timing is variable. This mode is similar to high loads - driving uphill, running the engine under load, etc.

Consequently, the number of AM is always lower than AI, and the difference in readings indicates the sensitivity of the fuel to the operation of the power unit in different modes. It is noteworthy that in some states in the West, the octane number is defined as the average between the values ​​\u200b\u200bof "AM" and "AI". In the Russian Federation, only a higher value of "AI" is indicated, which can be seen at all gas stations.

Brands of gasoline

Most often, the following designations are found at domestic gas stations:

• Gasoline AI-98. Differs Unlike AI-95, which is produced in accordance with GOST, the 98th is produced in accordance with TU 38.401-58-122-95, as well as TU 38.401-58-127-95. In the production of this brand of gasoline, the use of alkyl lead antiknock agents is prohibited. The production of this high-octane gasoline is carried out using a number of components - toluene, isopentane, isooctane and alkyl gasoline.
• Extra AI-95 is a high-quality gasoline, which is achieved through the use of anti-knock type additives. Produced from distillate raw materials, catalytic cracking gasoline, with the addition of isoparaffin elements (aromatic) and gas gasoline. It does not contain lead, which ensures high quality gasoline.
• AI-95 - the main difference from Extra AI-95 in the concentration of lead, which is 30% higher;
• AI-93 - is divided into 2 categories: leaded and unleaded. Leaded fuel is produced on the basis of catalytic reforming gasoline (soft mode) with the addition of toluene and alkyl gasoline, as well as butane-butylene fraction. Unleaded is produced from the same catalytic reforming gasoline (hard mode), with the addition of butane-butylene fraction, alkyl gasoline and isopentane;
• AI-92 is the most common medium-quality gasoline on the market, containing anti-knock type additives. The maximum density is 0.77g/cmA-923. Can be either leaded or unleaded;
• AI-91 - differs in the content of anti-knock type additives. This is unleaded gasoline with an irregular density and a certain percentage of lead in the composition;
• A-80 - the composition of this gasoline is similar to that of AI-92. Maximum density - 0.755g / cmA-803;
• A-76 - usually used in agriculture. Leaded and unleaded A-76 with non-standardized density is produced. It contains additives of various types (antioxidant and antiknock), straight-run gasoline, as well as final, pyrolysis and cracking (thermal and catalytic).

Video: AI-92 or AI-95? Acceleration to 100 km and fuel consumption on the Mazda Demio (Ford Festiva Mini Wagon)

What gasoline to fill?

Many are looking for the answer to this question, so as not to inadvertently harm the engine. In this case, everything is simple - the fuel requirements are specified in the operating instructions for a particular vehicle, and are also duplicated on reverse side fuel tank hatch. If the manufacturer indicated AI-95 as the recommended fuel, then you can refuel with the 92nd only at your own peril and risk. However, it is worth remembering that both the octane number and the brand of fuel can be indicated in the manual and on the label.

Also, different types of gasoline can be recorded in the manual. For example:

1. AI-92 - valid;
2. AI-95 - recommended;
3. AI-98 - to improve performance.

As you can see, only the fuel recommended by the auto manufacturer should be filled into the tank. However, the use of gasoline with a higher octane number will not cause any harm to the engine. After all, the higher the octane number, the slower speed combustion and more fuel efficiency, which has a beneficial effect on engine output, economy and other points. As a rule, the increase in power and efficiency reaches 7%. In addition, modern cars are equipped with ECUs that take into account the quality of the fuel and its octane number, adjusting the settings.

This means that it is necessary to pour AI-95 into the tank of a modern car with an atmospheric engine at a high-quality gas station. As a last resort, AI-92 is allowed. You can also focus on the degree of compression - if it is below 10 units, you can fill in AI-92. If higher - only the 95th.

As for turbocharged engines, the recommended fuel for them is AI-98 or Extra AI-95, but not AI-92.

Can gasoline be mixed?

Many people ask this question. In general, nothing catastrophic will happen from mixing fuel with different octane numbers, but only if you mix the recommended gasoline with a higher one (by octane number). For example, the 92nd recommended for the car should be mixed with the 95th. However, you don't need to downgrade. It is also worth remembering that the density of gasoline with different octane ratings is different, so that it may not mix at all - fuel with a higher octane rating will simply end up at the top of the tank, and with a lower one at the bottom.

Theory. Scientific approach

Gasolines are intended for use in piston internal combustion engines with forced ignition (from a spark).
Depending on the purpose, they are divided into automobile and aviation.

Despite the differences in the conditions of use, automotive and aviation gasolines are characterized mainly by general indicators qualities that determine their physicochemical and operational properties.

Modern automotive and aviation gasolines must meet a number of requirements that ensure economical and reliable operation of the engine, and operating requirements: have good volatility, which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous air-fuel mixture of optimal composition at any temperature; have a group hydrocarbon composition that ensures a stable, knock-free combustion process in all modes engine operation; not change its composition and properties during long-term storage and not have a harmful effect on fuel system parts, tanks, rubber products, etc. In recent years, the environmental properties of fuel have come to the fore.

Range, quality and composition of motor gasolines

The bulk of motor gasoline in Russia is produced in accordance with GOST 2084-77 and GOST R51105-97 and TU 38.001165-97. Depending on the octane number, GOST 2084-77 provides for five grades of gasoline: A-72, A-76, AI-91, AI-93 and AI-95. For the first two brands, the numbers indicate octane numbers determined by the motor method, for the latter - by the research method. Due to the increase in the share of passenger vehicles in the total vehicle fleet, there is a noticeable trend towards a decrease in the demand for low-octane gasolines and an increase in the consumption of high-octane gasolines. Gasoline A-72 is practically not produced due to the lack of equipment operated on it.

The greatest need exists for A-92 gasoline, which is produced according to TU 38.001165-97, although the share of A-76 gasoline in the total production volume remains very high. These specifications also provide for A-80 and A-96 gasoline grades with research octane numbers of 80 and 96, respectively. These gasolines are mainly intended for export. Gasoline AI-98 with an octane rating of 98 according to the research method is produced according to TU 38.401-58-122-95 and TU 38.401-58-127-95. Gasoline A-76, A-80, AI-91, A-92 and A-96 can be produced using ethyl liquid. Low-lead gasoline AI-91 with a lead content of 0.15 g/dm3 is produced according to separate specifications (TU 38.401-58-86-94). In the production of AI-95 and AI-98 gasolines, the use of alkyl lead antiknock agents is not allowed.

The requirements of GOST 2084-77 for the quality of motor gasolines are given in the table. All gasolines produced in accordance with GOST 2084-77, depending on the volatility indicators, are divided into summer and winter. Winter gasolines are intended for use in the northern and northeastern regions during all seasons and in other regions from October 1 to April 1. Summer - for use in all areas except for the northern and northeastern regions from April 1 to October 1; in the southern regions it is allowed to use summer gasoline during all seasons.

The parameters of motor gasoline produced in accordance with GOST 2084-77 differ significantly from accepted international standards, especially in terms of environmental requirements. In order to increase the competitiveness of Russian gasolines and bring their quality to the level of European standards, GOST R 51105-97 "Fuels for internal combustion engines. Unleaded gasoline. Specifications", which comes into force on 01.01.99. This standard does not replace GOST 2084-77, which provides for the production of both leaded and unleaded gasoline. In accordance with GOST R 51105-97, only unleaded gasoline will be produced (the maximum lead content is not more than 0.01 g/dm3).

Depending on the octane number, according to the research method, four grades of gasoline were established: "Normal-80", "Regular-91", "Premium-95", "Super-98". Gasoline "Normal-80" is intended for use on trucks along with A-76 gasoline. Unleaded gasoline "Regular-91" is intended for the operation of cars instead of leaded A-93. "Premium-95" and "Super-98" automobile gasolines fully meet European requirements, are competitive on the oil market and are intended mainly for foreign cars imported into Russia.
In order to accelerate the transition to the production of unleaded gasoline, instead of ethyl liquid, it is allowed to use a manganese antiknock agent at a concentration of not more than 5 mg Mn/dm3 for the Normal-80 brand and not more than 18 mg Mn/dm3 for the Regular-91 brand. In accordance with European requirements for limiting the content of benzene, the indicator "volume fraction of benzene" was introduced - no more than 5%. A standard has been established for the indicator "density at 15 ° C". The norm for the mass fraction of sulfur has been tightened - up to 0.05%. To ensure the normal operation of vehicles and rational use five volatility classes have been introduced for use in various climatic regions according to GOST 16350 - 80. Along with determining the temperature of gasoline distillation at a given volume, it is also possible to determine the volume of evaporated gasoline at a given temperature of 70, 100 and 180 °C. The indicator "evaporability index" has been introduced. GOST R 51105-97, along with domestic ones, includes international standards for test methods (ISO, EN, ASTM).

The norms and requirements for the quality of motor gasoline and the characteristics of volatility in accordance with GOST R 51105-97 are given in the table.

In terms of composition, motor gasolines are a mixture of components obtained as a result of various technological processes: direct distillation of oil, catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil, isomerization of straight-run fractions, alkylation, aromatization of thermal cracking, visbreaking, delayed coking. The component composition of gasoline depends mainly on its brand and is determined by a set of process units at the refinery.

The basic component for the production of motor gasolines are usually catalytic reforming or catalytic cracking gasolines. Catalytic reforming gasolines are characterized by low sulfur content, they contain practically no olefins, so they are highly stable during storage. However, the increased content of aromatic hydrocarbons in them is a limiting factor from an ecological point of view. Their disadvantages also include the uneven distribution of detonation resistance by fractions. The share of the catalytic reforming component in the gasoline fund of Russia exceeds 50%.

Catalytic cracking gasolines are characterized by low mass fraction sulfur, octane numbers according to the research method 90-93 units. The content of aromatic hydrocarbons in them is 30-40%, olefins - 25-35%. There are practically no diene hydrocarbons in their composition, so they have a relatively high chemical stability (induction period 800-900 min.). Compared to catalytic reforming gasolines, catalytic cracking gasolines are characterized by a more uniform distribution of knock resistance over fractions. Therefore, it is advisable to use a mixture of catalytic reforming and catalytic cracking components as a base for the production of motor gasoline.
Gasolines from thermal processes such as cracking, delayed coking have low knock resistance and chemical stability, high sulfur content and are used only to produce low-octane gasolines in limited quantities.

In the production of high-octane gasolines, alkyl gasoline, isooctane, isopentane and toluene are used. AI-95 and AI-98 gasolines are usually obtained with the addition of oxygen-containing components: methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) or its mixture with tert-butanol, called feterol. The introduction of MTBE into gasoline makes it possible to increase the completeness of its combustion and the uniformity of the distribution of detonation resistance by fractions. The maximum allowable concentration of MTBE in gasolines is 15% due to its relatively low calorific value and high aggressiveness towards rubbers.

To achieve the required level of detonation properties of leaded gasolines, ethyl liquid is added to them (up to 0.15 g of lead/dm3 of gasoline). It is allowed to add Agidol-1 or Agidol-12 antioxidants to secondary process gasolines containing unsaturated hydrocarbons to stabilize them and meet the requirements for the induction period. To ensure safe handling and labeling, leaded gasolines must be colored. Gasoline A-76 is dyed yellow with fat-soluble yellow dye K, gasoline AI-91 is dyed orange-red with fat-soluble dark red dye Zh. Leaded gasolines intended for export are not dyed.

Approximate component compositions of motor gasolines of various grades are given in the table.

At the same time, tetraethyl lead is replaced by various non-traditional additives and additives, previously produced by the chemical and microbiological industries for other purposes.

Such substances include various ethers, alcohols, organometallic compounds, etc. The need for the production of such gasoline according to specifications is dictated by the fact that all additives and additives can be introduced in strictly defined concentrations. To control the content of these components in the technical specifications, special indicators are provided and additional control methods are introduced.

All gasolines produced according to specifications must comply with the requirements of GOST R 51313-99 "Automotive gasolines. General technical requirements", which is introduced from July 01, 2000.

Compliance of gasolines produced according to technical specifications with the requirements of GOST R 51313-99 is checked during their certification, which is mandatory.

Operational approach

Previously, when approaching a gas station, the driver stopped in bewilderment: there is a gas station, but there is no gasoline. Today, he is overcome by bewilderment of a different nature: there are so many brands of gasoline that you don’t know which one to prefer. Almost every gas station has its own brands and varieties. If you put them together, you get a rather motley and incomprehensible picture. At one gas station they offer A-76 and A-92. On the other AI-76 and AI-92. On the third and completely unfamiliar A-80, A-92 and A-95. What's behind it? Where did all these "monsters" come from and can they be trusted?

Who is, for example, the A-80 and how does it differ from the AI-80? Why is A-92 sold at one gas station, and AI-92 at the next, across the road? What standards are currently in effect (and are they in effect at all) and what can be poured into the tank of your car so as not to ruin the engine? We think that our reader has already been puzzled by all these questions more than once.

As has been known since ancient times, the letter "A" in the marking of gasoline means that it is automobile, and the numbers following it are the octane number, showing the detonation resistance of the fuel. It is also known that the octane number is determined by two methods - motor and research. In the latter case, "And" is added to "A". (Exactly capital, large.) The most common gasolines we have are A-76 (with an octane number according to the motor method) and AI-93 (according to the research method). At the same time, the number 93 according to the research corresponds to the number 85 according to the motor and, therefore, the difference between the "ninety-third" and "seventy-sixth" gasolines will be 9, and not 17 units, as it may seem to an ignorant person. At the same time, there is no strict mathematical dependence or any conversion factors between the two methods, since each brand of gasoline has its own fractional composition, and each fraction behaves differently under different test methods. The following was explained to us at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Oil Refining (VNII NP). In Russia, GOST 2084-77 is still in force, which regulates the main indicators of gasoline, according to which grades A-72 and A-76 have knock resistance (octane number) according to the motor method, respectively, 72 and 76, and AI-93 and AI-95 - 85, and that, according to the research method, the first two are not standardized, and the second have the numbers "93" and "95". It also follows from the document that all unleaded brands of gasoline must contain lead in one cubic decimeter no more than 0.13 grams, and all leaded brands - no more than 0.17. Change N 5, introduced in the specified GOST, excluded the production and sale of leaded "ninety-third" (having a lead content of 0.37 g per cubic dm) and introduced unleaded AI-91 (according to the motor method - 82.5) with a lead content of not more than 0.013 g per cu. dm. Here, in fact, are all the rules. Laws. Rules.

Now let's turn to recent history, which helps to understand the reasons for the confusion that has arisen today. At one time, the USSR produced gasoline not only for the domestic market, but also exported them to other countries. The octane numbers in them were indicated by the research method. And in the marking, in order to bring it into line with generally accepted ones, only one letter "A" was left. Thus, the same "ninety-third" gasoline went for domestic use under the brand name AI-93, and for export as A93. This marking procedure was determined by Technical Conditions (TU) 38.001165-87. They also regulated three export brands of gasoline - A-80, A-92 and A-96. Today, gasolines under their export designations have also entered the domestic market. Hence the "ninety-second" that appeared at our gas stations (and not because, as we were explained at one gas station, "ninety-fifth" was mixed with "seventy-sixth" or that it was a rejected "ninety-third"). Only its correct designation will not be AI-92, but A-92.

Currently, a new Federal Standard is being developed, which is scheduled to be put into effect in the second quarter of next year. It provides for the production and use of unleaded gasolines AI-80, AI-91, AI-95 and AI-98 (as you can see, the octane numbers in them are indicated only by the research method). All factories should be guided by them when developing technologies. The standard will also set lower limits for numbers. Let's say AI-91 will be able to have an octane rating of both 92 and 93, but not below 91. By the way, this brand will replace the "ninety-third" familiar to us, like AI-80 - A-76, the octane number according to the motor method will remain the same (i.e., 76th), but it will already need to be correctly named AI-80 , and not the A-80, as in the old specifications.

About gasoline imported from abroad. They are marked mainly according to the same research method, then there is no difference in the designation of the brands. But sometimes another indicator is used - the "octane index", calculated according to the formula "motor" plus "research", divided by two. According to this parameter, American gasoline A-90, for example, corresponds to our AI-95 (85 + 95 and divided by two.

In many cities and on the highways of the European part, the so-called Finnish gasoline has also appeared, for which Moscow “gourmet” drivers are especially chasing. In fact, this fuel does not have any super-special properties (just good quality gasoline) and is a product of the well-known company "Neste". Its octane number is 95 according to the research method (i.e., according to our AI-95), it does not contain lead-containing additives and fully complies with the international EN specification.

Demand, as you know, creates supply. And our factories also strive to keep up with the market, despite the fact that the A-76 remains the most revered, and at gas stations you can also meet the former leader - A-72. Until quite recently, we did not have our own high-octane gasolines, and today refineries offer both AI-98 and unleaded Eurosuper with an octane rating of 95 and Superplus with a number of 98, also known as "Perm", produced according to special specifications. Their production does not yet exceed 0.5 percent of the total amount of gasoline produced in the country, but many note their high quality.

And according to the workers of VNII NP, all Russian gasolines are in no way inferior to imported ones, the only trouble is that the technology of their transportation and storage is often violated, containers unsuitable for these purposes are used. It is here that the deterioration in the quality of gasoline most often occurs, which then with equal probability end up both at gas stations and at a roadside gas station.

Lately, there has been a lot of talk about the fact that Russia has lagged behind the civilized world and consumes a large amount of leaded gasoline, which is very harmful to humans and nature, although the car park in Moscow alone has tripled over the past 15 years. The Moscow government has decided to use motor fuels with improved environmental properties in the city and to equip all cars with exhaust gas cleaners in the near future. The capital, apparently, will be followed by others. For refineries, this will mean a complete rejection of the use of ethyl fluids and antiknock agents containing lead, which will require time to re-equip production and significant investments in the industry.

Nevertheless, in Russia, according to a ministerial report, in 199b the share of unleaded gasoline in total production amounted to 52.8 percent, and since the beginning of 1997 - 60 percent. However, as experts explain, it's not so much about getting rid of harmful additives. Leaded gasoline is also used in Europe. Moreover, in France, for example, leaded 95 costs 6.8 francs per liter, and unleaded 98 costs 6.6 (a franc is approximately equal to a thousand Russian rubles). It would seem that expensive leaded gasoline should not be able to compete with cheaper and better. However, many drivers in France are literally forced to buy the 95th, since their cars are designed specifically for leaded gasoline. The valve system of such cars structurally uses lead deposits as a kind of solid lubricant and, when switching to unleaded gasoline, it will literally fail in a matter of days.

The norm for the concentration of lead in leaded gasoline in Europe is 0.15 g per cubic meter. dm, we have a little more than 0.17, and in Italy - 0.4! If we recall that we no longer produce leaded "ninety-third", then we can say that we are ahead of Italy.

And yet today they are not just declaring the abandonment of the lead-containing antiknock, but are looking for a worthy replacement for it. As such, oxygen-containing compounds are used - alcohols and ethers, nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds are used - amines, xylidines, as well as anti-knock additives based on manganese. The transition to more environmentally friendly unleaded gasolines is further hampered by a lack of economic incentives and a lack of legislation. Today we have the same excises on both types of gasoline. For merchants, this means that it is more commercially profitable to import leaded gasoline than unleaded gasoline. There are no economic means to stimulate the use of non-toxic additives and additives to improve the octane number and performance properties of gasolines. And when issuing licenses for gas stations, it would be nice to oblige to always have unleaded gasoline ...

A year before the change of millennia, all major cities in the country will be required to switch to using only unleaded gasoline, which will entail considerable expenses on the part of motorists (today, only a neutralizer costs at least 8 million rubles). It is reassuring, however, that in the United States a similar program began to be implemented in 1970, but a widespread ban on the use of lead additives was only introduced in January 1996, that is, twenty-six years later!

Gasoline is the most common fuel for most modes of transport

Detailed information about the composition, production, storage and use of gasoline

Gasoline is, definition

Gasoline is the main type of fuel for internal combustion engines, obtained as a result of the distillation of black gold and its further chemical purification. The chemical composition consists of hydrocarbons with a high boiling point. Currently, it is widely used not only as a fuel, but also as a solvent for varnishes and paints used in construction work.

In the 1990s oilmen paid little attention to the domestic market, so a huge number of small firms with several filling stations appeared in the country. However, since 2000, the interest of oilmen in the domestic fuel market began to grow seriously. This was caused both by an increase in oil production and an increased (25-35%) profitability retail fuel. Large oil organizations control oil refining almost 100%, and this one has long been divided between them. Now the oilmen are engaged in systematic displacement of smaller competitors.

Gasoline is practically the most sold in USA goods, it accounts for half of the total consumption of all petroleum products in the country. It is a very branched market with many distributors and even more retailers, which contributes to strong price competition. To try on price New York exchanges to Russian realities, you need to remember that 1 \u003d 3.785 liters. Add 65 cents to the stock quote (they are attributable to ) and divide by 3.8 to get an approximate price liters of gasoline at gas stations in New York.

Conventionally, all low-quality gasoline can be divided into three main types:

1. Obtained by mixing high-octane gasoline with low-octane or even surrogates - this is the most common and, if you like, even the traditional way of falsification. So, under the guise of AI-95 gasoline, you can easily buy gasoline with an octane rating of 92 or less.

2. Issued with violations of production technology. Basically, such gasoline has violations of the fractional and chemical composition.

So, in particular, it may have an increased content of aromatic compounds, for example, benzene.

3. Produced with various standard and non-standard anti-knock additives or high-octane additives, sometimes quite exotic and doing more harm than good. Such gasolines are produced according to various specifications, but acquirer never informed about the presence of such components in gasoline. The need for their use is highly questionable and looks more like legalized falsification. Detection of falsification of the 1st type is a standard task and is reduced to the measurement of the octane number (OC).

Gasoline (Petrol) is

Such falsification is immediately detected during standard tests of gasoline and, we must pay tribute to the State Standard, it fights such lovers of diluting gasoline quite hard and successfully. In any case, in large cities this type of falsification is now quite rare.

The identification of falsification of the 2nd type is much more difficult and is possible only when analyzing the fractional and chemical composition of gasoline. And if the fractional composition is periodically controlled by the State Standard, then the chemical composition in our country is practically absent. The reason is simple - there are no devices. But the most difficult problems arise when detecting falsification of the 3rd type. This type has recently become more widespread and, which is especially unpleasant, such falsification can cause the greatest harm to both the vehicles themselves and the environment.

The fact is that recently a lot of various additives and additives to gasoline have appeared that significantly change its characteristics. Russian GOST does not provide for a serious chemical analysis of gasoline and, of course, all these numerous additives and additives cannot be detected during full standard tests. To detect all these substances, special instruments are needed, which are not available in the Russian Federation, and the detection of these substances through conventional chemical analysis is quite laborious and difficult. But in practice, we get the following - if, for example, ethyl alcohol is added to gasoline, even in an amount exceeding the permissible norm by several times, then this will not be detected during standard tests and gasoline will be recognized as complying with the standard. In the Russian Federation, as a rule, a rather limited number of various additives and additives to gasoline are currently used to increase its octane number.

Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

PETROL- transparent, often colorless, lighter than water, flammable liquid, oil refinery product. The main grades of gasoline: aviation and automobile. The first is lighter and contains much less impurities (resins, etc.). AT… … The Concise Encyclopedia of the Household

PETROL- GASOLINE, Benzinum, the original name of benzene, given by Mitcherlich (Mit scherlich) in 1833. In the present time, B. is called a mixture of hydrocarbons, the boiling point of which lies between 70 and 120 °. Distinguish coal and oil, or petroleum B ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

Petrol- product of oil distillation; a mixture of light hydrocarbons with a boiling point of 30 to 205 degrees C. Gasoline is used as a fuel for carburetor engines and as a solvent. English: Petrol See also: Fuels Paints and varnishes… … Financial Dictionary Big Encyclopedic Dictionary Read more

We are using cookies for the best presentation of our site. Continuing to use this site, you agree with this. OK

We suggest you buy 76 gasoline (AI 76 gasoline) of high quality! Only low prices! Delivery from leading manufacturers!

In our age of high technology, everyone knows that today one cannot live a day without fuel. At present, there are more than forty million cars in Russia, and each of them needs “nutrition”. It's no secret that different types of cars need a certain fuel. As a rule, several main types of fuel are distinguished: gasoline, diesel fuel (or diesel fuel) and gas.

Cars with positive ignition (spark) engines use gasoline. This is the most common type of fuel and the product of a more thorough distillation of oil. According to the octane number, gasoline comes in several grades. Experienced people know not to confuse low quality and low grade fuel. This does not mean at all that such varieties are of lower quality and are less environmentally friendly. They just have a different level of work. But many motorists are now choosing 76 gasoline. The quality of this variety is almost the same as 95, but its price is much lower.

Our company offers the best quality gasoline at low prices! Delivery throughout Russia!