Presentation "in memory of prisoners of concentration camps" class hour on the topic. Presentation on the topic "prisoners of fascist concentration camps" Day of the liberation of prisoners of fascist concentration camps presentation
- One of the tragic pages in the history of the Belarusian people is the ordeal that befell the prisoners of the Ozarich camp.
- In March 1944 In accordance with the orders and orders of the commander of the 9th Army, General Josef Harze, the commander of the 56th Panzer Corps, General Friedrich Gossbach and the commander of the 35th Infantry Division, General Georg Richert, three camps were created at the front line of the German defense.
- On March 18-19, 1944, the troops of the 65th Army of the 1st Belorussian Front liberated 33,480 people from the Ozarich camps, including 15,960 children under the age of 13.
- A similar camp was created in June 1944 on the eastern bank of the Dnieper, in it there were over 3,000 civilians driven from Mogilev and nearby settlements. This type of death camp was created southeast of Vitebsk, from which about 8 thousand civilians were liberated by the soldiers of the 3rd Belorussian Front.
- By creating concentration camps at the front line of defense, the Nazis pursued several goals. They chose places where they did not hope to hold their positions, using the camps as a barrier during the offensive of the Red Army, infecting the prisoners of the camps with typhus, they pursued the goal of spreading the epidemic in the advanced units of the Red Army and disrupting its further offensive.
- The largest death camp on the territory of Belarus was Maly Trostenets, created by the SD in the vicinity of Minsk. In Trostenets, the Nazis killed civilians, prisoners of war, Jewish citizens from Poland, Austria, Germany, and Czechoslovakia.
- The concentration camp was established in the autumn of 1941. The name "Trostenets" combines several places of mass extermination of people: the Blagovshchina tract - the place of mass executions; the actual camp - near the village of Maly Trostenets, 10 km from Minsk along the Mogilev highway; the Shashkovka tract is a place of mass burning of people.
- At the end of June 1944, a few days before the liberation of Minsk by the Red Army, on the territory of the Trostenets camp in a former collective farm barn, 6,500 prisoners were shot and then burned, brought from the prison along Volodarsky Street and the camp along Shirokaya Street in Minsk.
- In total, over 206,500 citizens were tortured, shot, and burned by the Nazis in Trostenets.
- from the report of Dr. Hans S., 2.1.1942 Russian prisoners tried to escape from the frosty winter and deep snow in dugouts. It seemed reasonable to someone to tightly plug the exit from the dugout so that the Russians would suffocate by morning, because then the soldiers would not have to beat them to death! The fact that the Russians were poked with pointed sticks in the eyes and were glad to finally receive a mortal blow does not surprise anyone. They were forced to fight like gladiators for a plate of food, until one fell dead, then the winner got the food. In the morning, the prisoners hung from the barbed wire that surrounded the camp - shot dead by the guards or exhausted and bloody. And the corpse truck... The Russians took turns throwing the dead and half-dead into mass graves... If someone from the living tried to raise his head, they hit it with a shovel... Some German soldiers asked to be transferred to another unit, unable to cope with reproaches of conscience, but others turned out to be sadists and killed with pleasure.
- from the diary of Lieutenant K., 986 rifle battalion 01/16/42 ... Today I was present at the burial of Russians. 500 people in a row. There are already more than 12,000 people in the common grave. I will never forget this picture: the dead are thrown off the cart, the corpses, frozen through and through, fall down with a thud, looking with open eyes at their own dishonor, unable to defend themselves. What a terrible end for a man! The same as me, for a man in whose veins blood flowed, who had a soul! Oh yes, they are Untermensch, they have no soul... Who will pay for this when the time comes? Our children?
- The Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz in Poland was turned by the Nazis into an ideally functioning "death factory".
Concentration camp "Majdanek". Skulls dug out of holes 1945
- People were hung directly in front of the stove so as not to be burned alive. The clothes of the suicide bombers were soaked with disinfectant gas and given to the "newbies".
- The entrance to the "shower room" of Brausebad is a well-known deception of the Jews, specially invented by "humane" fascists, in order to avoid fear and panic before death. They were invited to wash in a special chamber, and you yourself know what happened next.
- This is a model of a gas chamber, or "shower room". It was built towards the end of the war, again due to lack of space. Above, as promised in the name "brausebad", shower heads - from which water never leaked ... It is very difficult to describe in words the feelings when you enter this room. This room is 99% of the museum. Only in it you understand what happened in the distant 40s.
It's not for the dead - it's for the living!
Memory, memory
You are sometimes anxious
You hit on the nerves, sliding furiously,
It's impossible to forget this
Because you can't forget.
11 April The International Day of the Liberation of Prisoners of Nazi Concentration Camps is celebrated annually. On April 11, 1945, the prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp - one of the most terrible death camps - raised an international uprising against the Nazis and were released. In total, more than 14,000 concentration camps operated on the territory of Germany and the countries occupied by it. During the years of the Second World War, 18 million people passed through the death camps, of which more 5 million - citizens of the Soviet Union.
Purpose of concentration camps
Initially, all concentration camps were created as labor camps, but many people were killed in each of them. A huge number of civilians destroyed the "death camps". In them, the Nazis killed thousands of people. The camps had special devices for massacres.
Exploitation of the labor of prisoners on construction sites. - Remelting gold teeth. - Women's hair went to stuffing mattresses, weaving ropes for submarines.
Economics of concentration camps
death camps
……… ............
Auschwitz
Ravensbrück
Majdanek
Buchenwald
Treblinka
Silaspils
…………………
Auschwitz
Auschwitz is a complex of German concentration camps located in the south of Poland, near the city of Auschwitz. It was created in 1939 by order of Hitler. Combine death; with gas chambers, with crematoria, with 12 ovens, with 46 retorts, into each of which three to five corpses were dumped, burning in 20-30 minutes.
More than 70 scientific experiments were carried out by the Nazis. More than 7,000 people were forced to participate in experiments that violate all the principles and norms of the ethics of medicine. Approximately 200 German doctors and nurses were involved in a cold-blooded and inhumane work.
equalsbrück
A large women's camp built in Germany. 92,700 women and girls from almost all European countries found their grave here.
maydanek
This extermination camp was originally called the Lublin SS Concentration Camp. Only on February 16, 1943, it began to be officially called the extermination camp.
Dachau - the first concentration camp in Nazi Germany, created in 1933 in the city of Dachau near Munich, which became the prototype of all other camps. 200 thousand people passed through it: 30,000 were officially tortured or killed, although initially Dachau was not considered an extermination camp and a death factory, but rather a transit point.
In Dachau, a system of punishments and other forms of physical and psychological abuse of prisoners was worked out, including medical experiments under the direction of the head physician Sigmund Rascher.
dachau
Buchenwald
During the period from July 16, 1937 to March 31, 1945, 238,980 people passed through this camp. Of these, 56,545 were killed, about 21,000 were released on April 11, 1945, and about 161,000 were sent to work in military factories or ended up in other camps.
Buchenwald is one of the creepiest places on earth. This is a place where people were exterminated by the thousands. For medical experiments, special barracks were erected in the camp, in which the medical staff worked with “human material.” Experiments were carried out on infecting people with jaundice, smallpox, and diphtheria.
Eyewitnesses about concentration camps...
“They open the doors of the wagons and drive people out with whips; Orders are given through a loudspeaker: everyone must hand over things and clothes, even crutches and glasses ... Hand over valuables and money to the window with the inscription: “Jewelry”. Women and girls are sent to the barber, who, with two strokes of scissors, cuts off their hair, stuffed into potato sacks ... Then the march begins ... But most already begin to guess what fate is in store for them. Terrible, all-pervading, the stench reveals the truth. They climb a few steps - and already see the inevitable. Naked mothers, numb, press their babies to their breasts. With them, a mass of children of all ages - all naked.
They all slowly continue to move silently towards the death chamber. “Fill to capacity!” Commandant of the camp commands. Naked people step on each other's feet. Seven hundred, eight hundred people... The doors close. The rest of the transport waiting for their turn. They wait naked in the winter. They turn on the gas supply... But the diesel does not work. 50 minutes pass... 70 minutes... And people are standing in the cell. You can hear them crying... Finally, after 2 hours and 49 minutes, the diesel starts to work. 25 minutes pass. Many are already dead - it can be seen through the peephole ... After 28 minutes, some are still alive ... Children are the last to die. After 32 minutes, everyone is dead... On the other side, the workers unlock the doors. The dead stand like basalt pillars - they have nowhere to fall. And after death, families can still be recognized - they are standing, clinging to each other and holding hands tightly. With difficulty, it is only possible to separate the bodies in order to make room for the next batch ... "
Eyewitnesses about concentration camps...
“Together with a group of prisoners, I tried to escape, but failed - they caught me, put me in a punishment cell. Why didn't they shoot? And the punishment cell was, in fact, the same death sentence. No one entered the cell for nine days. On the tenth day they put a tank of water. Everyone who could, rushed to drink. I still cannot forget how greedily they drank, and then screamed loudly and died in agony. You should have seen their eyes... open door the warders watched and laughed, pointing fingers at the prisoners, twisted in death agony. I realized that it was impossible to pounce on the water - it was poisoned, so I tore off scraps of a sweat-soaked shirt, soaked them and sucked out the moisture.
“In order to accommodate a larger number of victims in the cells, people were driven with their hands up, and small children were thrown on their heads. The SS man Sepp Gaytrader was a specialist in killing babies, whom he himself grabbed by the legs and killed by hitting his head against a stone fence. According to the testimonies of witnesses, the killing in the cells lasted 15 minutes...”
Eyewitnesses about concentration camps...
Special hospitals, surgical blocks, histological laboratories and other institutions were organized in the camp, but they existed not for treatment, but for the extermination of people. German professors and doctors carried out mass experiments on perfectly healthy men, women and children in them.
“I personally saw through the peephole of the camera how one prisoner was in a rarefied space until his lungs burst. Some experiments have caused people to experience such pressure in their heads that they go crazy and tear their hair out trying to get rid of the pressure. In their madness, they tore their faces and heads with their nails in an attempt to cripple themselves. Almost always, these experiments with extremely low pressure ended in the death of the experimenter.
“Finally, a fascist doctor arrived from Riga and brought some medicines that he ordered to give to all children. From them, the kids immediately died. We realized that no one here is worried about the fate of the unfortunate children. On the contrary, the Nazis want to get rid of them as quickly as possible. Extra ballast in the camp.
After 1941, the number of prisoners steadily increased. Places, clothes, food were constantly in short supply. Therefore, part of the people and a huge number of corpses had to be burned. They failed to shoot. Saved ammo.
BAKE
Methods of mass destruction of people
The gas chamber was called the "shower room", a deception invented by the "humane" fascists, in order to avoid fear and panic before death. They were invited to wash in a special chamber, and then the doors were closed and lethal gas was let into the chamber.
GAS CHAMBER
Methods of mass destruction of people
MASS SHOOTINGS
DEATH CAMPS
- CONCENTRATION CAMPS ARE A CRIME AGAINST ALL HUMANITY.
- ALL THE CAMPS FUNCTIONED AS PLACES OF DETENTION AND DESTRUCTION OF GROUPS OF PEOPLE WHO THE FASCISTA CONSIDERED THEIR OPPOSITORS.
- THE PRISONERS WERE A CHEAP LABOR POWER THAT PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE GERMAN ECONOMY.
- PRISONERS OF CONCENTRATION LAMPS ACTED AS EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL FOR GERMAN PSEUDOSCIENTS.
Blow after blow in the temples is given,
The blood in the veins pulsates to the beat;
Only he manages to live another day,
Who was able to crawl into his barracks.
You endured the hunger and survived the cold
Through the mud, humiliation passed.
So God bless you!
And let me head
Bow down to the ground.
S. Maltsev, V. Shalobaeva
slide 2
Story
- On the eve of the Nazis, covering up the traces of their terrible crimes, they decided on the physical extermination of all prisoners. Two days later, nearby American troops arrived. Later, the testimonies of the prisoners about the atrocities of the Nazis reached the international Nuremberg Tribunal.
- 65 years ago, on April 11, 1945, a red banner flew over Buchenwald. On that day, the prisoners of the concentration camp disarmed and captured more than 800 SS and guard soldiers. The uprising saved them from certain death.
slide 3
concentration camps
- In total, more than 14 thousand concentration camps operated on the territory of Germany and the countries occupied by it.
- According to the SS men themselves, the life expectancy of a prisoner in the camp was less than a year. During this period, each prisoner brought the Nazis one and a half thousand Reichsmarks of net profit.
- They committed heinous crimes. The Nazis burned people in crematorium ovens, poisoned them in gas chambers, tortured, starved and at the same time forced them to work to the point of exhaustion.
slide 4
death camps
During the years of World War II, more than 20 million people from 30 countries of the world passed through the death camps. 12 million did not live to see liberation.
slide 5
Tears are magnifying glasses
- There in the sea of gardens and happy years
- Mom gave birth to me
- For me to cry.
slide 6
Friedl Dicker-Brandeisova was an artist
In the Terezin concentration camp, she became an art teacher. The catalog "Drawings of the children of the Terezin concentration camp" says that Friedl "created a pedagogical system for the mental rehabilitation of children through drawing."
Slide 7
The slides used drawings of children from the Terezin concentration camp
In 1944, Friedl was deported to Auschwitz with the children who survived in Terezina. What she invested in the children died with them in the gas chamber.
Slide 8
When the rose blooms, the boy will be gone.
little garden,
Roses are fragrant.
narrow path,
The boy walks on it
The little boy looks like
On an unbloomed rose
When the rose blooms
The boy is no more.
Slide 9
Hanush Gachenburg
To become a teacher in a world doomed to perish is a terrible fate. Friedl was with the children, did not leave them until the last moment.
I was a child
Three years have passed since then.
That child dreamed of fairy-tale worlds.
Now I'm not a child
I saw death in my eyes...
These are the poems of Hanush Hachenburg. He died in Auschwitz at the age of fifteen.
Slide 10
There is a line that cannot be crossed by the imagination. We can't recreate the real picture: a small, short-haired Friedl with her students, now also shorn, goes to the gas chamber. At the gas chamber we freeze. There are no witnesses.
slide 11
We have been given a terrible lesson. We cannot, we have no right to live the way we lived before him. The question "For what?" - rhetorical. There is no answer to it. But if such an experience is inherited, it must be comprehended.
This is transcendent, although it has happened within historical time to millions.
slide 12
Friedl Dicker-Brandeisova
Why did Friedl, in hunger, cold, and fear, teach children the techniques of composition, invent performances for them from scarce barrack utensils, introduce them to the laws of color preference, and after each lesson put the works signed by the children into folders? Why, one wonders, did she need this when the transports of death, one after another, took the children "to the East" - to Auschwitz?
slide 13
Friedl Dicker-Brandeisova
On the yellow forms of the concentration camp, where the schedule of the Terezin bath is adjacent to the decrees on the regime, flowers grow, butterflies flutter, mother smiles, but the dead lie, hungry eyes look into empty bowls - the fate of thousands of children. Thanks to Friedl, they have also become our destinies.
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Slides captions:
To the 70th anniversary of the Victory
"Behind the barbed wire" Dedicated to the memory of concentration camp prisoners
April 11, 1945 - International Day for the Liberation of the Prisoners of the Dachau Concentration Camps - 250 thousand people from 24 countries About 70 thousand were brutally tortured or killed 30 thousand survived until liberation "Medical experiments" were carried out on people here
Salaspils – more than 100 thousand people were killed Majdanek – about 1,500 thousand people were killed Auschwitz – over 4 million people were killed KZ Dachau - the first concentration camp in Nazi Germany, established in 1933. in the city of Dachau near Munich, which became the prototype of all other camps. 200 thousand people passed through it; 30 thousand people were tortured or killed officially (many more unofficially), although initially Dachau was not considered an extermination camp and a death factory, such as Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz), but rather a transit point. In Dachau, a system of punishments and other forms of physical and psychological abuse of prisoners was worked out, including medical experiments on prisoners under the leadership of the head physician Sigmund Rascher. Before the start of World War II, there were political opponents of the Nazi regime in Dachau - communists, socialists, clergymen, etc., later - Russian prisoners of war and Polish, Hungarian Jews.
List of concentration camps: Amersfoort Arbeitsdorf Banica Bardufoss Belzec Bergen-Belsen Berlin-Marzan Bogdanovka Bolzano Breitenau Bretvet Buchenwald (list of subdivisions) Vaivara Wernet Westerbork Herzogenbusch Grini Gross-Rosen Dachau Dzialdowo Dora-Mittelbau Drancy Sachsenhausen Kaufering Klooga Kovno Majdanek Malchow Maly Trostenets Mauthausen Natzweiler-Struthof Niederhagen Neuengamme Alderney Oranienburg Ohrdruf Auschwitz Plaszow Ravensbrück Riga-Kaiserwald Riciera di San Savva Saimishte Salaspils Sobibor Theresienstadt Treblinka Usedom Felstad Flossenbürg Fort Breendonk Fort de Romainville Chelmno Hinzert Crveni Krst Stutthof Esterwegen Janowska
The inscription on the gate "To each his own"
For the entertainment of the guards, people were harnessed to a cart, forced to run around the camp and at the same time sing loudly. People stood on the parade ground for 18-20 hours
CHILDREN OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS... More than 20 million people from 30 countries of the world were kept in fascist concentration camps. Among them, about 2 million children ...
Children in Nazi concentration camps
18 million people from 23 countries of the world with the heading "not subject to return" entered the gates of concentration camps. And only 7 million waited for freedom.
M. Jalil "Barbarity". They drove their mothers with their children And forced them to dig a hole, while They themselves stood, a bunch of savages, And laughed in hoarse voices. At the edge of the abyss they lined up Powerless women, thin guys. The intoxicated major came and cast his copper eyes over the doomed ... muddy rain Buzzed in the foliage of neighboring groves And in the fields, dressed in mist, And the clouds descended over the earth, chasing each other with fury ... No, I will not forget this day, I will never forget, forever! I saw rivers weeping like children, And mother earth weeping in rage. With my own eyes I saw how the mournful sun, washed with tears, Through a cloud came out onto the fields, last time kissed the children, for the last time ... Noisy autumn forest. He seemed to be mad now. Its foliage raged angrily. Darkness thickened around. I heard: a powerful oak fell suddenly, He fell, uttering a heavy sigh. The children were suddenly seized with fear, - They clung to their mothers, clinging to the skirts. And there was a sharp sound of a shot, Breaking the curse, What escaped from a woman alone. A child, a sick boy, Hid his head in the folds of a dress Not yet an old woman. She looked, full of horror. How not to lose her mind! I understood everything, I understood everything, baby. - Hide, mommy, me! Do not die! - He cries and, like a leaf, cannot hold back the trembling. The child, which is dearest to her, Bending down, raised her mother with both hands, Pressed her to her heart, against the barrel straight ... - I, mother, want to live. Don't, mom! Let me go, let me go! What are you waiting for? - And the child wants to escape from the hands, And the crying is terrible, and the voice is thin, And it pierces the heart like a knife. - Do not be afraid, my boy. Now you can take a breath. Close your eyes, but do not hide your head, so that the executioner does not bury you alive. Be patient, son, be patient. Now it won't hurt. And he closed his eyes. And the blood turned red, Curling along the neck like a red ribbon. Two lives fall to the ground, merging, Two lives and one love! Thunder boomed. The wind whistled through the clouds. The earth wept in deaf anguish. Oh, how many tears, hot and combustible! My land, tell me what's wrong with you? You often saw human grief, You bloomed for us for millions of years, But have you experienced at least once Such a shame and such barbarism? My country, enemies threaten you, But raise the banner of great truth above, Wash its lands with bloody tears, And let its rays pierce, Let them destroy mercilessly Those barbarians, those savages Who greedily swallow the blood of children, The blood of our mothers ...
"Buchenwald Alarm" Music by V. Muradeli Words by A. Sobolev. People of the world stand up for a moment! Listen, listen: buzzing from all sides - It is heard in Buchenwald Bell ringing, bell ringing. It was revived and strengthened In the copper rumble of righteous blood. It was the victims who came to life from the ashes And rose again, and rose again! And they rose, and they rose, and they rose again! Hundreds of thousands of those burned alive Are lined up, lined up in rows and rows. International columns They talk to us, they talk to us. Do you hear thunder rumbles? It's not a thunderstorm, it's not a hurricane. This, embraced by an atomic whirlwind, The ocean is groaning, the Pacific Ocean. It's groaning, It's the Pacific Ocean's groaning. People of the world, stand up for a moment! Listen, listen: buzzing from all sides - It is heard in Buchenwald Bell ringing, bell ringing. The ringing floats, floats over the whole earth, And the ether buzzes excitedly: People of the world, Be three times more vigilant, Take care of the world, take care of the world! Take care, take care, take care of the world!
The Dachau concentration camp was the first to be built by the Nazis for "re-education". It opened just 2 months after they came to power in 1933. And it was intended at first for people who, for various reasons, were considered "polluting" the Aryan race.
Crematorium Ashes
E. Yevtushenko “In the night the stoves roared, not subsiding…” In the night, the stoves roared, not subsiding, My ashes were stirred up by the poker, But, rising with smoke from the Dachau chimneys, I sank alive into the meadows. I wanted to get even with someone, I could not lie in dust and ashes, I could not remain dead in the ground, While murderers walk the earth! Even though hell has been packed for a long time, There are obviously not enough people there. And with a song I raise the dead, And with a song I call to look for the killers! Walk the globe angrily, Search both in the light and in the darkness... How can you calmly turn blue, the sky, While murderers walk the earth! Rise up, tortured children, Look for non-humans among people And put on judicial robes On behalf of all future children! And you don't sleep, you don't sleep, people. In Paris and in Warsaw, and in Orel, - Let your memory wake you up at night While the killers walk the earth.
Crematorium oven
N. Fomicheva "Aryan culture" I ended up in a camp from prison - In one where the commandant Became a good poet. He rhymes Palm with my cheek And boasts with sonorous rhyme at the same time. Dancers who have succeeded completely, Having reached a well-deserved rank, Are able to dance on me And the rumba, And the foxtrot, And even the tango. Artists From the waist to the shoulders They painted my back with a brush - with a whip So that I want to save it For an exhibition, like a new picture. And the Russian Ignorants are all in a row, They beat the Nazis, They drive foolishly to the West. Here are the barbarians! They probably want to destroy the entire "Aryan culture"!
Yakov Gordon, a prisoner of the Auschwitz concentration camp: “Soviet prisoners of war officers, political workers and communists, teachers, etc. were shot immediately in the 11th block, where the gallows were. The rest were destroyed gradually in various other ways. One day in the winter of 1941-1942, allegedly after the escape of 6 prisoners of war, all the rest were lined up and kept in line on the street for three days "in verification". After this "verification" 300 people remained dead."
Pavel Vechersky, a prisoner of the Auschwitz concentration camp: “In April 1944, a pit 40 meters in diameter and 2 meters deep was dug to help the crematoria, which burned without stopping its ominous fire, tens of thousands of human corpses were burned every day in it.”
Dunko Urbanskaya, a prisoner of the Auschwitz concentration camp: “There were cases when prisoners, not wanting to endure torment in the camp, threw themselves on a wire that was under high voltage to commit suicide. For their own pleasure, the SS ordered female prisoners to be naked, then they arranged a “bath” for them - they placed them under the showers, where they let in either very cold or very hot water. The prisoners were forced to flee, and the SS men shot at them. At the camp there was the 10th block, representing the experimental laboratory, where experiments were carried out on women. Women were artificially inoculated with cancer, and other experiments were performed that are usually done on animals.
Sources: Official website of the Dachau Museum www.kz-gedenkstaette-dachau.de www.school.ort.spb.ru/library 3. m ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
MBOU secondary school s / n Snezhny of the Komsomolsky municipal district Compiled by: Dolgova Larisa Stepanovna, history teacher 2015
Classroom hour for high school students. Abstract "Death Camp", dedicated to the memory of the prisoners of Auschwitz
Description: This class hour, dedicated to the liberation of the prisoners of the Auschwitz death camp, is designed for students in grades 10-11. The work can be used by class teachers for class hours, conversations dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.Target:
Introduce students to the history of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
Tasks:
- Expand students' understanding of the Great Patriotic War;
- To form students' interest in the history of the country;
- Raise a sense of compassion for the memory of the victims of the Nazis.
Equipment:
- A computer;
- Multimedia projector.
The music of Johann Sebastian Bach sounds, composition: Sarabande
Student 1:(slide 1;2)
No matter how many years and centuries have passed,
Will remember the people and the land
Camps, where a painful death,
People died, cursing the Nazis.
Women, children, soldiers died,
Leaving only mountains of bones
Yes, pajamas, striped pants,
What were lying around the chambers - stoves
Well, those who waited for victory
They still don't believe
That fears are gone forever - troubles,
They still curse the war.
Still dreaming at night
Hunger, cold, sickness and death,
The camp number remained forever,
Time won't erase it...
Nadezhda Gorlanova
Classroom teacher:(slide 3, 4)
Under the Polish city of Krakow is a place that will not leave anyone indifferent. Here is the largest camp founded by the Germans - the Auschwitz death camp. The camp complex consisted of three camps: Auschwitz I (served as the main center of the entire complex), Auschwitz II (also known as Birkenau, "death camp"), Auschwitz III (a group of several small camps created around a common complex). Every day for those living in the camp was in the struggle for survival.
It was impossible for the prisoners to escape from there, since the entire territory was surrounded by live barbed wire and watchtowers. An attempt to escape was punishable by death. This is one of the most terrible places on earth... Today, on the eve of the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Victory over fascism, let's take a short tour of the camp and remember what events took place there...
Student 2:(slide 5)
The attitude towards the prisoners was inhuman. It was impossible to maintain basic hygiene without soap and water. Only occasionally were given a limited amount of time to wash. The prisoners were allowed to go to the toilet twice a day for a few seconds. The prisoners were not fed for a long time, they ate bark and grass. It used to be that the Nazis had fun, arranged "races", when in different parts of the camp they threw rutabaga to the prisoners, people rushed to the vegetable, crushing each other. The prisoners slept on three-story bunk beds covered with straw. In such unsanitary conditions, people often fell ill with various diseases. infectious diseases.
Student 3:(slide 6)
Concentration camps were considered conveyors of death. Here, the work of crematoria and gas chambers did not stop for a minute. Every day new prisoners arrived in the camps. They were examined by doctors and divided into able-bodied and disabled. Weak and sick people, children, old people were sent to gas chambers so that there was no panic, they were told that they were taking them to the bathhouse. In the gas chambers they were poisoned with Cyclone gas, 15-20 minutes were enough to kill people. After that, all valuables, good things were removed from the bodies, teeth were pulled out, women's hair was cut off. The bodies were then sent to the ovens.
Pupil 4(slide 7)
Forced labor was carried out in the camps. On the gates of the camp is written "Arbeitmachtfrei", which means "work sets you free" in German. People worked day and night, in frost and sun, worked with shovels and crowbars. The prisoners were involved in the construction of roads, new barracks, warehouses. Many have worked for metallurgical plants. Tens of thousands of prisoners were involved in the construction of a military chemical plant and a military plant for fuses and fuses for bombs and shells near Auschwitz. In agricultural work, prisoners used to be harnessed to plows instead of horses. In the process of work, people were severely beaten. Those who could not cope with the work were waiting for the crematorium.
Student 5:(slide 8)
There were many children and pregnant women in Auschwitz. Many women in labor were taken away after the birth of the child and drowned in metal barrels, then the bodies were thrown out to be eaten by rats. Fair-haired and blue-eyed children were selected and sent to Germany. Children from 8 to 16 years old, those who were not sent to the gas chambers, were forced by the Nazis to do physical labor along with adults. Experiments were conducted on children, as well as on adults, they were tested with lethal doses of tranquilizers. German doctors selected twins for medical experiments.
Few of the children managed to survive in such brutal conditions.
Pupil 6: (slide 9)
In Auschwitz, medical experiments and experiments were widely practiced. The latest drugs were tested. Actions studied chemical substances on the human body. Prisoners were experimented on, infected with such dangerous diseases as malaria, hepatitis, typhoid and jaundice. Nazi doctors performed surgery on healthy people as a training exercise. One of the common operations was the castration of men and the sterilization of women. Few of the experimental prisoners survived.
Classroom teacher:(slide 10; 11)
On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army liberated the Auschwitz concentration camp from the Nazis, where thousands of prisoners were waiting for release. This day is considered the Day of Remembrance for the Victims of the Concentration Camps.
After the war, the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum was opened in the camps. On the commemorative plate it is written: “Let this place be a cry of despair and a warning for mankind for centuries ...” This place is a reminder of the most terrible crime against humanity. It is our duty to remember the history of our country so that those terrible events never happen again.
Our class hour, I want to end with lines from a poem by Evgeny Poniatovsky
Auschwitz.
Silence reigned over Auschwitz for half a century.
She is louder than any alarm.
Flowers bloom where once
Hundreds of dead human bodies lay in a heap...
Let's forget about them
Unknown, and not guilty of anything? ...
Presentation on the topic: Class hour "Death Camp", dedicated to the memory of the prisoners of Auschwitz