Negotiations with a potential employer rarely go smoothly.

Here are three typical situations.

You're in your third round of interviews with a company you like, and you've just received an invitation to an interview from a company you'd like to work for even more. And here - completely inappropriately - the manager of the first company puts the question bluntly: “As you know, we have many applicants for this position. We like you and we hope the feeling is mutual. If we offer you good conditions, will you come to work with us?”

You have received an invitation to a job that interests you, but the salary is lower than what you think you deserve. You ask your potential boss if the company is willing to discuss this issue. “We don't usually hire people with the kind of training you have, and we have a completely different culture here,” she replies. - In this work you should be interested not only in money. Are you saying that you won’t come to us if we don’t raise your salary?”

You have been working for three years and are quite happy with everything, but the hiring agent calls you and insists that you will earn more in other places. You don't want to leave, but you want fair pay, and it would be nice to ask for a raise. Unfortunately, the company has a tight budget, and your boss doesn’t like it when someone tries to play on the fact that they are lured away to another company. What should I do?

Each of these scenarios is challenging in its own way—and indicative of how challenging job negotiations can be. More and more companies compensate employees with shares, options and bonuses, tying this form of compensation to individual and collective achievements. More and more employers are using methods such as burst offers (with a negligible decision period) or sliding incentive bonuses based on how quickly the candidate agrees to hire MBAs. This limits your options and leaves no time to compare conditions. Today's executives are extremely mobile, so people applying for the same position usually have different strengths, different salary expectations and different work experience. This makes it difficult for employers to set standards and develop standard compensation packages.

In some industries, where there are few vacancies, applicants have little to choose from and it is difficult to raise the bar in negotiations - the terms are dictated by the employer. There, for those who are or may be left without work, the interview position becomes even less advantageous.

But for people skilled in the art of negotiation, a challenging job market presents unique opportunities. Negotiations can achieve a lot, especially when the situation involves different outcome options.

I study and teach negotiation skills and often advise current and former students. I have been giving lectures on this topic for several years (their recording can be viewed on the website www.NegotiateYourOffer.com). Each case is unique, but there are strategies, tactics and rules that can help you overcome a number of issues that arise during negotiations with employers. I will give 15 of them.

Remember the meaning of attractiveness

This seems like an obvious, but extremely important rule. People will only fight for you if they like you. When you do or say something that makes you look less attractive, your chances of getting a better offer will decrease. We are talking not only about politeness, but also about the ability to smooth out contradictions that inevitably arise during negotiations: about the art of demanding what is deserved and not giving the impression of being greedy, pointing out shortcomings in working conditions and not seeming petty; be persistent and not be boring. To cope with this task, negotiators usually look at how people react to the way they speak (this can be done by rehearsing interviews with friends).

Explain why you deserve what you demand.

Getting your employer to like you is not even half the battle. He must make sure that you deserve the conditions you are applying for. Don't count on the documents you provide to do all the work for you - be sure to supplement them with a detailed story. Don't just list your demands (say, a 15 percent salary increase or being allowed to work from home once a week) - it's better to clearly explain why you qualify (there are reasons why you deserve more money than other candidates; but on Fridays your children return from school earlier). If you cannot justify your desires, perhaps it is better not to express them at all. Again, do not forget that the situation when, on the one hand, you are trying to please, on the other, explaining why you deserve more, is quite delicate. You can come across as arrogant when talking about your exceptional value if you don't carefully consider how to present the information correctly.

Show that it is quite possible to get you

Who would want to waste effort and seek more attractive conditions for you if there is a suspicion that in the end you will refuse anyway?! Who wants to increase your chances of success in someone else's company?! If you decide to negotiate a generous compensation package for yourself, make it clear that you mean business. Sometimes you can whet the excitement of a potential employer by letting him know that you are in high demand. But don't overdo it: people might think you're unattainable, so why should they go out of their way? If you're going to press the issue by listing your employment options, be sure to add why - or under what conditions - you'd be happy to give up everything and choose this particular company.

Try to understand your interlocutor

Negotiations are conducted not by companies, but by people. You will be able to influence the person sitting opposite you only if you understand him. What interests or excites him most? Negotiations with a prospective boss and with a representative of the personnel service are two very different things. You can most likely bombard the personnel officer with questions, finding out all the details and conditions. But there is no point in annoying the seemingly petty claims of someone who could become your boss. On the other hand, the HR representative may have to hire a dozen people and therefore will not want to make exceptions for you, but the boss, who will benefit from your joining the company, may, if anything, put in a good word for you.

Take into account the circumstances of the interlocutor

Let's say a potential employer likes you. Let's say he thinks you're worth the money you're asking for. But this does not mean that he will certainly fulfill your requirements. Why? Because he may be bound by strict restrictions such as a salary cap, which cannot be eliminated through negotiations. Your job is to understand what is being discussed and what is not. If, for example, you are dealing with a large company that simultaneously employs 20 specialists of the same profile, it is unlikely that you will be given a higher salary than others. But discussing the release date, vacation time and incentive bonus when hiring is quite possible. If you are negotiating with a small company that has not hired people for this position before, you can negotiate the initial salary amount and the title of the position - and nothing more. The better you understand the circumstances, the more likely you are to be able to offer mutually beneficial terms.

Be prepared for difficult questions

Awkward questions confuse job seekers. “Are you getting other job offers? If we offer you this position tomorrow, will you agree? Are we exactly what you need? - few people expect to hear such questions at an interview. If you are not prepared for them, you will most likely awkwardly avoid answering or, even worse, lie. My advice: never lie during negotiations. Even if lying does not backfire on you in the future, lying is simply unethical. Another danger: trying to politely answer an awkward question, you can overdo it and lose your trump cards. Be sure to prepare for questions and topics that may make you defensive, embarrass you, or expose your shortcomings. Your job is to answer honestly without coming across as an unattractive candidate or giving away too much of your position. If you think through the answers to such questions in advance, your trump cards will most likely remain with you.

Try to understand what is behind each question

If, despite everything, you could not predict all the questions, remember: the main thing is not the wording, but the intention of the questioner. A tricky question may well turn out to be harmless. An employer who wonders if you will accept his offer tomorrow may not want to push you into a corner, but is simply trying to understand how sincere your interest is. And the question about other offers may be asked simply to clarify what type of work you are looking for and to understand whether the company has a chance of getting you. If you don't like the question, that's no reason to suspect the worst. Answer it according to how you understand it, or ask the interviewer to explain why he is asking it. If you show genuine interest and are willing to explain everything, everyone will be better off.

Consider all factors

For many, “job negotiations” is synonymous with “salary negotiations.” It's a pity, because job satisfaction is largely determined by other factors that can also be discussed - and it is perhaps easier to discuss them than salary. Don't focus on money. Consider everything as a whole: responsibilities, location, travel, work schedule flexibility, opportunities for growth and advancement, raises, prospects for continued professional development, etc. Think not only about how much you should be paid, but also about how much you should pay. When. You may prefer to earn less now in order to advance your career in the future.

Discuss issues not sequentially, but simultaneously

If you receive a job offer and you don’t like something about it, it’s better to make all your changes at once. Imagine this scenario. You say: “The salary is low. Is it possible to somehow solve this issue? -Potential employers resolve the problem, and you respond: “Thank you. Here are two more points that I would like to clarify...” You shouldn’t do this. If you first ask for one thing, it will seem that this is your condition: they will meet you halfway, and you will accept the offer (or at least the decision). If you don’t stop there, but keep saying: “Here’s one more question...”, then you won’t have to count on generosity or understanding. Additionally, if you have more than one requirement, you should not only list them, but also indicate the relative importance of each. Otherwise, the employer will choose a couple of requirements that are least important for you, because they are easier to fulfill, and will assume that you have agreed. Your conditions will hardly improve, and your negotiating partner will consider his task completed.

Don't bargain for the sake of bargaining

Resist the temptation to prove to everyone that you are a great negotiator. This is a disease of MBA students who have just taken a course on negotiation. At the first opportunity - at the first interview - they rush off the bat. My advice: if something is important to you, be sure to insist on it. But don't haggle over every little thing. By trying to get a little more, you are only teasing the geese - and limiting your ability to negotiate with the company in the future when it is really needed.

Sync job offers

When you start looking for a job, you want to get at least one offer to feel more confident. This is especially true for young graduates who see everyone around them going to interviews, and some are already celebrating their first victories. Oddly enough, this can be problematic: after making an offer, the company expects you to respond quickly enough. If you want to compare options, offers should come one after another. Therefore, do not be afraid to slow down negotiations with one potential employer and speed up with another, so that all options are considered at the same time. It is important to observe moderation here: if you drag too long - or push too much - the company may lose interest in you and hire another candidate. But there is one trick. If you want to delay the offer, ask for a second or third round of interviews to take place a little later.

Avoid, ignore, or smooth over ultimatums

Nobody likes being told what to do. Therefore, try not to make strict demands. Sometimes it comes out involuntarily - when we are trying to demonstrate our strength or when we are upset and everything is going wrong. The same goes for your interlocutor. I personally simply ignore such demands, because at some point the person who put forward them may realize that he is about to ruin everything and decide to take his words back. It will be easier for him to do this without losing face if the matter has not come to a discussion. If someone tells you, “We will never do this,” don’t cling to the words and don’t force people to repeat them. It’s better to say: “Yes, this is apparently a difficult question, since the conversation has taken such a turn. Maybe we can discuss other problems for now?” Pretend that the other person didn’t say anything like that and try to distract him. If the demand was made deliberately, they will let you know.

Remember: no one is against you

Tough salary negotiations or long delays in getting an official offer approved can make you feel like potential employers have something against you. But, if the process has already gone far enough, it means that these people like you and they want it to continue this way. A delay in resolving a particular issue may be due to circumstances that you do not fully understand. And a late job offer letter means you're not the recruiter's only concern. Stay in touch, but be patient. And if you don't have enough patience, don't call the company representatives in irritation or anger - rather ask about the deadlines and whether you personally can do anything to speed up the process.

Don't stop negotiating

Remember: what cannot be agreed upon today may be the subject of discussion tomorrow. -Interests and circumstances change over time. When someone says “no,” they mean “it’s not possible today.” In a month, the same person will most likely be able to do something that he could not do before: for example, extend the waiting period for your response or increase your salary. Let's say you want to work from home on Fridays, but your potential boss is against it. Maybe he doesn't have the authority to decide this issue. But it is also possible that he does not yet trust you enough to agree to such a schedule. In six months, your authority may be strengthened, and you will be able to convince your manager that you are able to work conscientiously at home. Be willing to continue the conversation you started and encourage others to do the same.

Look at things soberly

This is the last and most important rule. You can negotiate professionally and still fail if it's not your game, so to speak. Ultimately, job satisfaction depends less on negotiations and more on the work itself. Experience and research have shown that industry and job responsibilities, career path, and day-to-day contacts (eg, with supervisors and co-workers) are far more important than individual work conditions. The rules I've listed will help you negotiate effectively and get the offer you deserve. But they should be used only after a thoughtful and conscious job search, the purpose of which is to make sure that the path you choose will lead you where you need to go.

I once told my friend, a top manager at an advertising company, that I was thinking of writing about how to discuss salary in an interview. A friend who is already in his sixties (we’ll call him Don) was inspired and compiled a ten-point memo for me. He likes to play by strict rules.

Don's advice included, for example: "If they like you, then they are already under your thumb." Or this: “Tell me more about your previous salary.” Go to your boss, Don advises, and tell him you've been offered a job. “Lie about how much they offer you in the new place. Maybe we can get more out of him. Negotiate here and there, taking into account where you like best and how many bridges you are willing to burn behind you.”

Don was so good at manipulating employers that in one year he managed to demand two severance packages from two different companies - each within six months. “I received a year’s salary, but only worked for five months,” he writes. But at the end he makes a reservation: “Of course, it was like this while I remained young. Now I ask, humiliate myself, take as much as they give. I suck up in such a way that it shocks others. I thank you endlessly, reduce my age and talk about my nine sick children so that they don’t fire me.”

After listening to him, I interviewed employment experts and discovered that Don's ancient tricks are not so outdated. None of my sources liked the idea of ​​lying to an employer, but they all agreed that some of the tips listed above have their merits. For example, demonstrate to your boss that other employers value you and agree in advance on the amount of severance pay.

Rusty Ruff, author of The Power of Talent: A New Manifesto for the Human Side of Business and former HR chief at PepsiCo and Electronic Arts, says job seekers need to be clear about why they want the salary they want. “It's like applying for a mortgage or a student loan,” he says. “The manager who hires you wants a reasonable explanation for your requests.” For example, if a company needs you to move from city to city and you have two children in private school, feel free to say that you will need this amount to cover the cost of their education.

However, Ruff adds, negotiating salary is definitely a negotiation, and it's helpful to position yourself as a valuable employee that others covet. Roy Cohen, author of the upcoming book "The Professional's Guide to Surviving Wall Street," also says it's good to have competing offers, or at least interview with prospective employers and let everyone know about it.

At the same time, Ruff advises not to go too far. "You need confidence, but not brashness," says Ruff. He advises going into interviews prepared. First, think about what is most important to you - salary, or growth, or a great goal? What are you willing to give up? For some job seekers, the size of the salary is not as important as the timing of the vacation. Severance pay upon dismissal is also a good subject to discuss.

In addition, make sure that you have collected information about your employer, that you know what privileges the position gives you, what the company's policy is towards employees, what salaries they are paid. This can be done by researching the blogs of future colleagues or former employees of the company.

Finally, whenever possible, try to negotiate in person. If you're sitting in a person's office, Cohen says, "they start to feel a little more obligated to you than if you were talking on the phone." It is much easier to get rid of a person by hanging up than to drive a promising employee out of the office.

So, let's list the main techniques for negotiating salary.

Negotiate in person

It's easier to make an impression face to face than over the phone. People feel more compelled when you are physically present in their office.

Be clear about what you are willing to give up

What is critical to you? Salary? Severance pay? Non-compete clause? Is it a good office? Before starting negotiations, think about what you will bargain about and what you are willing to sacrifice.

Use offers from other employers

Tell the employer about interviews with other companies and any other offers you have. If presented sensitively, this information will only strengthen your negotiating position.

Find out everything about possible salary

Sites like Glassdoor. com and Linkedin. com will help you find out about salary levels and bonuses available from your potential employer. Try to find out as much as you can about what salary you can expect. Perhaps company employees talked about it in blogs or at least hinted at its size.

Offer to complete a piecework project before accepting the position.

If your HR manager won't give you the salary you're asking for, offer to do the project on a negotiated basis. Once you are inside the company and show your best side, the employer will most likely accommodate your requirements.

Prove your usefulness

Relentlessly market yourself. Offer your own ideas and strategies to solve problems in your new position. The more an employer values ​​you, the more you will be paid.

A worthy conclusion to the first stage of a long and difficult job search process will be an invitation to an interview. And so, when the long-awaited moment arrives, you fall into a slight jitters, and often into the most natural panic. It is clear that in this state a meeting with an employer is unlikely to be successful. It is simply necessary to bring yourself back to normal.

First, let's look at the reasons for this condition. Most often it's the following:

1. This is your first interview in your life, or your experience of communicating with an employer is minimal;
2. You desperately need a job, and a possible refusal means almost the end of the world for you;
3. You have somewhat embellished your merits in your resume and are afraid of exposure.

In the first case, neither hysteria, nor valerian, nor refusal to go to a meeting will help eliminate the source of anxiety. It can only be eliminated by gaining experience in the art of communicating with the employer. In such a situation, it is definitely worth agreeing to any invitation to an interview, even if this particular offer does not attract you much. Remember your state of near fainting on the eve of the very first exam in your life, and the Olympic calm with which you went to the last session. An interview with an employer is also a kind of exam, the only difference being that there are no right or wrong answers, there is only your personal experience and individual view of a particular problem. Success depends on what you can offer the company and how well your offer meets its needs.

If the source of anxiety is fear of possible refusal, then the problem should be approached philosophically. When your relationship with an employer does not work out from the very beginning, it only means that this is “not your type,” so is it worth worrying about? It is better not to start working at the company at all than to leave after a month due to the inability to establish contact with the new management. It's like getting married - you are unlikely to drag a person to the registry office who does not share your rosy views on a future together. Of course, you can try, but success is unlikely. Perhaps it’s worth waiting a little until a hundred (or at least ninety) percent “your” employer appears on the horizon.

In the third case, it is difficult to give advice. Here, as they say, “the fool himself.” If you are too carried away by the desire to impress the employer with your originality, get out of it yourself and learn from the situation. When your image on paper has little in common with the original, it is better to refuse the meeting altogether. The likelihood that the employer will not focus on the most “bright” points of your resume is negligible, or rather completely absent. There is a known case when one gentleman, trying to achieve the desired audience, indicated in his resume that he was a graduate of the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Berlin, in fact having one of the Moscow technical schools behind him. Naturally, with such a biographical fact, he was immediately invited for an interview. After the director of the company began asking him in German about the concepts of German philosophers, the poor fellow had no choice but to silently get up and leave. In this case, the main mistake is that we are accustomed to consider others stupider than ourselves by definition, but, as we know, it is better to overestimate than to underestimate the enemy. The word “enemy” in this case should not be taken literally; you should definitely treat the employer as a possible partner with whom you are going to build long-term and mutually beneficial relationships.

Based on this, an interview with an employer should be considered as a negotiation about potential cooperation. This is a dialogue of equals (well, maybe the employer is a little “more equal”). By building a partnership with a manager during an interview, you, firstly, present yourself as a mature and formed personality, aware of your value and individuality (which increases your chances of success), and secondly, it is easier for you to accept refusal, because in this case it will be the result of a difference of views, which cannot in any way diminish your dignity.

From a position of calm self-confidence, it will be quite easy for you to achieve success. But there are key interview points that should be thought through in advance:

1. A person is still greeted by his clothes, so appearance plays an important role. No one will demand that you wear Armani suits, but you should look neat and businesslike. This does not mean at all that you should change your style - first of all, you should feel comfortable, but try to choose clothes that best suit the occasion. Hair and hands should have a well-groomed appearance; makeup is very important for ladies. The property of the human psyche is such that the first impression has a decisive influence on subsequent attitudes.
2. You must arrive at the meeting exactly at the appointed time. Lateness is unacceptable. If you are delayed for objective reasons, call and try to reschedule the appointment. If circumstances are such that you can arrive earlier than the appointed time, call again and find out if the employer can accommodate you.
3. During the interview process, the employer sets the direction of the conversation, so give clear answers to the questions posed. Mean “yes”, “no”, “didn’t have”, “wasn’t a member” are unlikely to serve you well, but you shouldn’t go into lengthy explanations either. Your comments should be brief but meaningful.
4. Resist the temptation to exaggerate your merits or exaggerate your professional experience. Provide only information that is factual. Otherwise, you can only harm yourself. Firstly, the veracity of your answers can be easily verified during the interview, not to mention the fact that the employer can directly contact your previous management; secondly, they may take your word for it, but give you a small practical test.
5. Give a constructive analysis of your previous activities. Don't be afraid to talk about your weaknesses. Naturally, you shouldn’t focus on them, but you shouldn’t avoid this topic either. By admitting and analyzing your mistakes, you only earn yourself extra points - only those who do nothing make mistakes.
6. Any employer tries to find out the reasons for leaving previous jobs. It's safer to tell the truth again. Refrain from reproaches against the former leadership - the bosses have their own solidarity. If you were completely sick of your previous job, and you want to curse this whole sharashka office unbearably, resort to the same constructive criticism. So, at least, you will declare yourself as a thinking and analyzing person.
7. When the employer has received all the information he is interested in about you, it is your turn to ask questions. In almost all Western recommendations on job search technology, you will find advice to obtain as much information as possible about the company before the interview. In our country, unfortunately, this is not always possible, but the Internet makes the task much easier - the number of corporate websites is growing by leaps and bounds. However, at the interview there is no shame, but it is simply necessary to ask to talk about the organization in which you may have to work, about the place that you can occupy in it, and the prospects for your professional growth. It is quite correct to be interested in your level of income, without, however, bringing this topic to the fore.
8. At the end of the interview, the Employer will most likely inform you that they will consider your candidacy and will contact you. In the West, where the culture of relations in the labor market has long been formed, the candidate is notified of the decision made, regardless of whether it is positive or negative. In our still largely uncivilized country, you are unlikely to be disturbed if your candidacy turns out to be unsuitable, so ask the employer to clarify whether he will contact you in any case, or only if the decision is positive. Agree on how long you can expect a response, ask if you can call yourself and find out the result.
9. Time to think belongs not only to the employer, but also to you. You also make your choice. Among other things, it is useful to decide for yourself what this company will be for you in the light of your future career - a career ladder, or just a step in it, i.e. Are you going to develop and grow professionally within the organization or are you considering it simply as an opportunity to reach a higher professional level. How you will build relationships with the new management and team largely depends on the decision you make.

Instructions

If a conversation with an employer is planned as part of an interview, then it should begin with a greeting and introduction (who you are, what position you are applying for and how you heard about the vacancy). After that, go to questions about the vacancy you are interested in, clarify the responsibilities, place of work, schedule and other nuances. You should not be interested in the amount of wages right away, since behavior indicates that the person is not able to give and is looking for benefits for himself everywhere. Your authority will drop significantly in the eyes of the employer, and this is fraught with refusal.

Do not ask to clarify the meaning of the vacancy (exception: new positions that have appeared on the labor market and have not received due publicity).
Don't mention personal troubles. People with problems are not needed in any organization.
Don't try to be liked on purpose. Such a candidate can be instantly identified by his behavior.

Prepare your speech. It should be brief and at the same time convincing so that the outcome of the upcoming meeting is expected.

Build a dialogue in accordance with the points:

Provide a brief summary of the proposal;
Focus on your contribution to the development of the company;
Justify the benefits that the company will receive;
Summarize, thoughts should be coherent and complete.

Make an appointment, make an appointment. If the conversation takes more than 5 minutes, it is better to pre-arrange the visit. In this case, the likelihood increases that everything will go according to plan and the dialogue will not be crumpled due to lack of free time.

Helpful advice

There is a good exercise that allows you to overcome anxiety and fear before an important conversation. Its essence boils down to the following: you need to stand in front of the mirror and for 5-10 minutes “experience” all the symptoms characteristic of this condition (trembling, rapid breathing, heartbeat, etc.). You need to imitate them yourself, and then relax.

Sources:

• How to start a conversation with an employer

Communication with the employer is an inevitable component of labor relations, to which most people devote the lion's share of their lives. Each job has its own rules, but we can highlight some general recommendations on the basis of which it is optimal to build interaction with both the owner of the business or other top person of the company, and representatives of the employer of a lower rank.

You will need

• - knowledge of ethical standards

Instructions

The first rule of competent communication with an employer (and not only) is politeness, politeness and once again politeness. A person who treats others with disrespect, first of all, cannot claim the respect of others and himself, even less so. Plus, no matter what the situation is, the one who was rude first will always be wrong in it. You can express your dissatisfaction, if necessary, in a calm tone. And, by the way, this inflicts a much more noticeable “blow” on the opposite side. But this does not negate the right to point out the inadmissibility of the rudeness emanating from that person, while remaining within the bounds of decency. If it doesn’t help, isn’t there a reason to look for another?

No matter how democratic the corporate culture of a particular company is, it was, is and will be everywhere. Listening carefully to your boss and keeping your speeches strictly to the point will be useful everywhere. And in relation to colleagues who are in an equal position, and in many situations even lower in rank, this will not hurt.

But excessive helpfulness will not do any good. For a normal manager, overt fawning causes nothing but irritation and a desire to quickly get rid of the employee who is prone to it. In addition, behind this quality there is most often a lack of competence: a professional, as a rule, is confident in himself, knows his worth and claims to be treated accordingly. Even those who are inclined to surround themselves with sycophants have nothing but contempt for this “especially close” one. the public is not tested. Well, if the boss is seen in such a “personnel policy,” this is a signal that sooner or later you will have to part with him. The sooner the better. Until this happens, we should not forget that the reluctance to “serve” does not cancel discipline.

Another important nuance that should never be forgotten: at work people are expected to work there, excuse the tautology. Informal communication in the smoking room often serves as a good motivating factor (which can be understood and used by management), and yet it is secondary. So when communicating with the boss, it would not be superfluous to unobtrusively make it clear that at least that time a day. which according to your work schedule you are supposed to think, first of all, about work, you are busy with this. If these simple rules are followed, the likelihood of problems in relations with the employer is most often minimal.

Exercising in the gym is the best way to correct your figure, normalize your vitality and improve your health. Plus, regular, intense workouts will increase your strength and you'll be able to do things you never dreamed of doing before. But training is different from training. And if at first any sports activities can bring results, then with the wrong approach, progress will very soon stop. So how to train correctly and achieve increased results?

You will need

• Gym membership, vitamins, amino acids, protein and carbohydrate foods

Instructions

Proper nutrition is the key to success in training. Without it, your muscles will not be able to grow. Proper nutrition consists of distributing the entire diet into 5-6 servings per day. Before (an hour to half an hour) it is best to eat carbohydrate foods: bread, porridge, bars. It is advisable to consume protein foods (and meat) as often as possible.

Advances in medicine are also a great way to accelerate the increase in your results, expressed in the addition of both strength and muscle mass. The use of amino acids (which you should not overdo; it is advisable to check your daily “dose” with a doctor or trainer) will allow your body to absorb protein much faster, and muscle mass will quickly increase. Taking a complex of vitamins will allow you to be less tired and sick, and your mood will improve.

Working out in the gym is the most important and powerful means of increasing results. Alternate strength training (bench press, barbell squat, deadlift) with endurance (running) and flexibility training (pull-ups).

Video on the topic

note

Don't try to achieve everything at once. Remember, muscle growth does not happen during training, but during the recovery process. Make yourself this rule: “After training, rest.”

Helpful advice

Regular training is extremely important. If you missed a class on Monday, reschedule it for another day. Three-a-day workouts are a great way to become strong, healthy and beautiful.

Sources:

• Vladimir Turchinsky "Explosive philosophy"

To be promoted, you must be guided by Article No. 72.1. Labor Code of the Russian Federation. To complete this procedure, you need to draw up a number of documents and obtain the written consent of the employee himself. An increase, as well as a decrease, should be notified 2 months before the actual re-registration.

You will need

• - written warning to the employee two months before the change of position
• -additional agreement to the employment contract
• -order form No. T-5
• -entering information into a personal card and work book under the following serial number
• - change in staffing
• -document on new job responsibilities
• -notification to the accounting department about a salary increase
• -all documents are signed by the employer and employee

Instructions

Draw up an additional agreement to the main labor agreement. In this document, indicate the position, responsibilities and date of transition to the new position. If the transfer is carried out to another structural unit or to a newly created subsidiary, indicate the number of the unit or company. The document should be drawn up in two copies and sealed with double-sided signatures. One copy remains in the HR department, the other is given to the employee.

After signing the additional agreement, the enterprise issues an increase order. Draw up the order on unified No. T-5 and fill it out in accordance with the instructions of the resolution of the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation dated January 5, 2004. for No. 1. In the order, indicate the date of transfer, new position, number of the structural unit, salary amount, reason for the increase. In the reasons, indicate advanced training, graduation from an educational institution, etc. Please review the order for signature.

Submit all documents to the HR department to enter information about the transfer with promotion into your personal card.

Draw up a document about your new job responsibilities and seal it with double-sided signatures. Give one copy to the employee.

If a new staffing table has been introduced at the enterprise and positions have been renamed, but the functions and salaries of employees remain at the same level, then the employer has the right to formalize the transfer unilaterally and familiarize employees with the order, the new staffing table and the name of the new position. This design does not contradict labor legislation, since the functions of employees do not change and the salary remains at the same level.

A dialogue in which two people participate, or a group discussion with three or more participants, is based on the ability to ask questions and the ability to answer them competently. If you can answer a variety of questions correctly, quickly and confidently, you are not only a good conversationalist, but can also apply for a number of socially oriented positions.

Instructions

There are two types of questions - closed and open. Open-ended questions are used in oral communication and in written questionnaires and questionnaires. An example of a question: “What are your hobbies?” Open questions are answered in any form.

A closed question involves selecting one or more answer options from those offered. They are practically not used in oral speech, but they are often encountered when filling out official papers. Example: “What are you interested in? – a) music; b) active; c) cinema and animation; d) literature. There may also be a mixed type of question, when you are offered ready-made answers and, in addition, you have the opportunity to supplement them with your own option.

When answering a question, try to understand what exactly the interlocutor wants to hear from you. Therefore, pay attention to the interrogative pronouns with which questions often begin. If you are asked where you spent the evening, then the logical answer would be about your location, and not about who kept you company and so on.

When answering a question, you shouldn’t always get ahead of yourself and talk about things that haven’t yet been asked. This mistake is often made by students when they start talking about additional events and facts. Such information allows the interlocutor to take the conversation in a direction for which you may not be ready. However, this feature can be used deliberately. In the event that you are competent in the topic under discussion, direct it with your answers in a direction that is convenient for you.

You have the right to either laugh it off or laugh it off or directly tell your interlocutor that you do not intend to answer it. True, workers in public professions (politicians, actors, television journalists, and so on) will one way or another be forced to give answers (or create the appearance of answers) to such questions. The main thing is to be able to distinguish the boundary between the professional and personal spheres of life.

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Helpful advice

If you are asked a question at a research paper defense or conference, thank your opponent for the question before you begin to answer.

Sources:

• How to answer the 5 most difficult women's questions?

You have a great job, great relationships within your team, and your boss is a wonderful guy. And only one thing prevents you from calling your job ideal - you have been working in the same position for several years, and there has been no promotion. Analyze what you are doing wrong, maybe you should make adjustments to your behavior in order to move up the career ladder?

Instructions

Learn to express your thoughts clearly. The way you talk can greatly hinder your career. Remember Comrade Novoseltsev from the brilliant movie. After all, if it weren’t for his tongue-tiedness, he would have long ago received the desired position of head of the “light” industry, and there would have been nothing to film about. Watch how and what you say, study poetry at home, speak your thoughts out loud, sign up for public speaking courses. Improve your speech by any means possible.

Come to any meeting on time. Punctuality is the politeness of kings and careerists. Don't delay the deadline for submitting your work. If the report is due on the table on Thursday, then he doesn't care that you had a headache on Tuesday and Wednesday.
there was no inspiration. Try to do everything a little ahead. In the morning, get up 10 minutes earlier than necessary. If a trip report is needed on Friday, prepare it on Thursday. Nothing spoils the image of a good employee more than lack of commitment and constant tardiness.

Watch your appearance. This free man can afford to appear in public shaggy, in a wrinkled suit and with a slight smell of fumes. He will be forgiven. But you don’t. Your shoes should sparkle like a Christmas tree, your suit should be ironed, and your hair should look like you have a pet. Don't forget about your desk - no artistic clutter or colorful travel magazines. Unless you are a .

Get rid of bad habits. Smoking and frequent drinking can ruin not only your health, but also your carefully built image of an ideal employee who has long deserved a promotion. By the way, it’s better to leave chewing gum at home too.

Improve your work skills. The right image is important. But if you don't do your job responsibilities really well, you could end up stuck in one position for a long time. Despite having a good haircut, always having a clean car, and completely abstaining from alcohol, even at a New Year’s corporate party.

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Related article

Tip 7: What questions should you ask an employer during an interview?

An employer bases its opinion about a job applicant not only on his resume, but also on the questions he asks during the interview. To make a favorable impression on the interviewer and show your interest in cooperation, find out during the communication all the conditions and features of the proposed job.

First of all, clarify the functional responsibilities of the position you plan to occupy in the company. They may be slightly different from what you had to do in your previous job. It is also advisable to read the job description in detail.

As a potential employee, first collect information about the company, study its history and activities, and ask clarifying questions during the interview. This will be additional evidence of your interest in the job and will increase your chances of accepting the proposed position.

Find out if the position you are applying for is new or open due to the departure of a previous employee. In the latter case, find out the reasons for the departure of the person who previously occupied this position.

The next important point that should be clarified during the interview is the possibility of career growth, training, professional development and other prospects. Such a question indicates the candidate’s determination, which characterizes him positively in the eyes of the employer.

Clarify what tasks need to be solved in the proposed position and what results will be expected from you. Find out about possible difficulties and pitfalls that you may encounter during your work.

Be sure to find out whether the position requires travel, overtime, and additional projects. Ask questions about the daily routine: is the working day regulated in the department, what time do employees come and leave, how often are they delayed, so that there are no unpleasant surprises later.

Remuneration for work is a very important point, but asking about it at the very beginning of the conversation is undesirable. After the employer assesses your awareness and interest in cooperation with the company, clarify what the salary will consist of, how and when payments are made, and whether the necessary contributions are made to the budget and extra-budgetary funds.

Ask if there is a possibility of receiving bonuses, bonuses, a system of motivation and fines. Find out whether the company provides a “social package”: a paid voluntary health insurance policy, free meals, interest-free loans, vouchers to sanatoriums and health camps, payment for kindergarten, a gym or swimming pool subscription, etc.

Ask the potential employer also about relationships in the team, the adopted dress code, communication style, and corporate culture. Don't forget to inspect your future workplace. At the end of the interview, check with the employer when you will be able to learn about the decision made regarding you.

At the same time, there are a number of questions that can harm the applicant, so you shouldn’t ask them: everyday questions (where is the smoking room, where to heat food, how they feed you in the canteen), when can you go on vacation, is it possible to set an individual work schedule, etc. ., as well as personal questions to the interlocutor. All these nuances can be clarified after an employment contract is concluded with you.

Remember: the worst thing is if the applicant does not ask questions at all, which is perceived as a lack of interest in the job as such, in this company in general and the vacancy in particular. With a high degree of probability, such a candidate for a vacant position will not be considered, therefore, when going to the application, arm yourself with a list of points of interest and ask the potential employer about them.

Sources:

• what are the employer's questions?

Work occupies a large part of our conscious life, and therefore we want it not only to bring pleasure, but also to contribute to the realization of your ambitions in material and professional terms. Simply put, you want recognition and promotion.

Instructions

First of all, you need to determine which company performance indicators your work affects. Let's say, if you are a salesperson, then it is absolutely obvious that an increase in sales on your part will help increase the organization's profits. This means that, indeed, with more fruitful work you can ensure yourself a quick promotion.

However, if you are not involved in sales and your work is not directly reflected in the increase in the financial result of the company, then you need to go in other ways. One of these ways may be a more advantageous position among employees. You need to create this situation yourself. You just need to stand out, become noticeable. This can be done by taking on part of the work of other employees who do not have time to complete it.

The next favorable point could be that you have a creative mind that is capable of generating ideas. A great idea dropped by chance is the key to your advancement and recognition. You can learn to think innovatively by constantly reading special sources on the specifics of your company’s activities. However, here you need to be extremely careful with plagiarism. Just recycle the ideas you hear or read about, try them on for your organization, and then, if necessary, voice them to your employer.

And finally, the most difficult but effective method: try to be closer to your boss. Help him in every possible way, try to imitate him, but don’t forcefully. Don’t be afraid to take bold steps, because your boss is a person just like you. And, as they say, nothing human is alien to him!

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Tip 9: Does a director need to be able to do what his subordinates do?

The efficiency of any production unit depends not only on the level of competence and professionalism of employees, it is largely determined by how effective the orders given to them by the manager are. Moreover, this applies to managers at any level - from the director of the enterprise to the heads of departments. The effectiveness of a manager’s orders, in turn, is determined by his competence, but what level of competence can be considered necessary and sufficient?

What is a good leader

The ability to lead lies in the ability to select a team of professionals and provide everyone with the opportunity to realize their professional skills to the maximum.

Experience in this field, a career path that began at the lower levels, subsequently greatly facilitate mutual understanding between the director. In this case, the professionalism of the manager is beyond doubt, his authority is high and orders are carried out as accurately as possible, which can hardly be achieved only by demonstrating his authority. Such a leader knows how to clearly formulate problems, set specific tasks for everyone, determine realistic deadlines for their completion, warn about possible mistakes and, of course, properly motivate. All this together makes the orders effective, as well as the entire work of the enterprise or department as a whole. This applies to any enterprise, regardless of what it is engaged in: production, technical inspection or trading activities.

In the best way, a specialist does what he considers necessary. A smart approach is to trust professionals, reserving the right to control and guide.

What an effective leader should be able to do

Tip 10: What questions to ask an employer during an interview?

Before attending an interview, every potential candidate should think ahead about what questions to ask the employer to increase their chances of getting the position.

You don’t want to find yourself in an awkward situation after successfully passing an interview and getting a “pig in a poke” instead of a prestigious position, then decide in advance what questions to ask the employer.

Many job seekers view the first meeting with a future employer as an interrogation. However, an interview is just a meeting of potential colleagues, and questions asked of the employer are a manifestation of initiative and interest in the company.

Initially, it is worth clarifying the candidate’s future responsibilities. Within the same position, different companies may have different functions. Therefore, asking about job responsibilities will help the applicant learn about the company's requirements, evaluate his abilities and decide whether he likes the job.

Be sure to ask if the position is new or if you are being considered to replace a laid-off employee. If this position is just being introduced, then it is worth clarifying what the company expects from the future employee. Otherwise, don't hesitate to ask about the reason for the previous employee's dismissal or departure.

Sometimes employers may withhold information about the specifics of payment, work schedule and daily routine in the company, so as not to scare off applicants for the position. However, it is worth asking in advance about overtime, holidays and weekends, not forgetting about breaks and lunch. No team and high pay can brighten up work if the company's management does not provide proper working conditions for its employees.

During an interview with an employer, you should ask about the availability and period of a probationary period in order to know in advance the minimum requirements for the position and find out about corporate training for employees.

If the interview takes place right in the company’s office, then it would be a good idea to immediately meet the boss. The first impression can be decisive, especially if the candidate is worried about his psychological comfort in the company.

To the questions asked of the employer, you can add the possibility of business trips and their payment. You can also ask about career growth and other bonuses that the future position has.

An important aspect is the availability of a social package and various benefits for company employees. Therefore, the initially small salary offered by the employer can be justified by a full benefits package.

At the end of the interview, do not hesitate to ask a question about the waiting time for a decision on the applicant’s candidacy.

Tip 11: How to get a promotion at work: some tips

Sooner or later, almost every employee asks himself the question: how to get a promotion at work? If you are thinking that it is time to climb the career ladder, you must decide what is more important to you: a stable income with minimal career growth, or do you want to quickly become a top manager and are you willing to risk money?

Instructions

When making this decision, consider all factors:
- what are your current monthly expenses;
- what are your future costs for the next 2 - 3 years, are there any expensive ones among them (for example, mandatory repairs or an expensive operation);
- Do you plan to add to your family in the near future?
- what will you live on if you choose the second option and you won’t be able to earn money;
- how your family will react to this;
- are you ready for extracurricular work, including holidays and weekends;
- Are you ready not to go on vacation for a couple of years?

If you work for a very large network company, for example, a bank or telecom operator, you have white employment, a social package and a stable salary. In addition, you are paid for sick leave and vacations. This is a certain stability that large companies provide.

But getting a top manager position while working in such a company is almost impossible. For this, you may not even have enough additional specialized education. So the maximum you can count on is a department head by the age of thirty or forty.

However, there is one small loophole. The decision to promote in such companies is always made by people. Directors. You most likely will not be able to get to them on work issues - “head-on”. Middle-level managers will not let you do this. Firstly, they are needed in order to solve non-standard work issues, and secondly, they also want a promotion and will not give themselves away. In some large companies, you may not even know the name of your manager's boss.

First, find out which manager you need. Who is the person who can promote you, bypassing your immediate superior? Next, act confidently and be smart. Many companies have corporate sports activities. If the manager you need likes to play volleyball, start playing volleyball with him and make a personal acquaintance! Just don't flatter or pretend to be someone you're not. Be yourself.

If this is not possible, find out the schedule of the manager you need. What car does he drive, when does he arrive and leave, where and what time does he have lunch. Find a loophole, a way to meet him, and do it! Impress him with your work results. Show completed projects that brought profit to the company. Present to him your ideas on how else you can improve the company's performance and increase its profits. If you can do this, then there is a high probability that he will call the HR department right in front of you and say “Hey, transfer this guy from a sales consultant to the project department today!”

But also be mentally prepared for the fact that if you fail to impress such a manager, one day your immediate supervisor may call you “on the carpet.” And this conversation will not be good for you.

You can make a career much faster in a small business. Consider companies that employ between ten and fifty people. Keep in mind that this is a certain financial risk. Not every small company will be able to offer you a completely white salary, paid sick leave and vacations. There is also a possibility that this business may close in a short time, and you will have to start all over again.

If you are willing to take this risk, you can become a director in just a couple of years. In many small businesses, the founder is the director himself and dreams of removing this burden from himself. So that employees work, and he receives his dividends. This company is what you need!

Of course, in order to quickly make a career, you will need to show good results, but in any case there will be less competition. And what may be considered an average result in a large company may turn out to be almost a record in a small business. Show the result, and then go up to the director and say that you are ready to do even more and better if he promotes you.

Will not always be accompanied by a financial increase. That's how you agree. But believe me, making a note in your employment record that you have been promoted to commercial or technical director will not cost the company anything. And in a year or two, if you are no longer satisfied with your level of income, you can consider moving to a larger company for a more interesting salary, but immediately to a high management position.

Finally, I would like to note that a leader is not a beautiful business card, an expensive suit, a car and showing off in front of friends. A leader is first and foremost a profession. And a huge responsibility.

The results and profits of the entire company and each employee will depend on your actions. And being an effective leader requires learning. Most university teachers teaching this profession were either not top managers, or were them back in the days of the USSR, which did not have commercial structures. Therefore, do not count too much on this theoretical knowledge, even if you have a diploma with honors. Educate yourself. Read business literature, attend seminars and trainings. Remember that the most valuable investment is an investment in yourself.

Tip 12: How to get a promotion at work: secrets of career growth

You have been holding the same position at work for several years now. Do you feel like you've been sitting too long? It's time to move further up the career ladder. Get expert tips on how to improve your productivity at work and get promoted.

Set a clear goal. Before you set off, you need to choose a direction. This fact is directly related to productivity at work. If you want advancement, then decide on the desired position. You shouldn’t immediately aim for the CEO’s chair. Remember, small steps towards a big goal. Let everything happen gradually.

Be punctual. And even a little more! If you clearly plan to grow at work, then regular tardiness will make this process much more difficult. Try to arrive at your workplace a little earlier. Additional time will help you tune in to the next day, distribute responsibilities, review the schedule of business meetings, and free up time for relaxation. You can start practicing this from one day a week, for example, Tuesday or Thursday. You will not notice how this will become a useful habit.

Don't be distracted from your work. To make your workday as productive as possible, close all social networks and immerse yourself in work. This way your thoughts will be directed in a useful direction, towards solving specific problems. And nothing can lead you astray.

Think about your image. Since childhood, our parents taught us to prepare school uniforms a week in advance. This advice can also be used in adult life. Think through your image in advance down to the smallest detail. When you look harmonious and stylish, you feel more confident and collected.

Improve yourself. Don’t stop increasing your knowledge, skills, and exchanging experiences with senior employees. It is very important to attend specialized courses, trainings, and seminars. This will form a new view of the work, a new approach to its implementation. A great career option can be choosing a mentor. If you are on good terms with a wise and competent boss, hurry to become his successor. This will definitely come in handy in the future.

Be proactive. Remember that bosses love proactive employees. Those who offer new ideas, new solutions, see opportunities, can optimize the work process. If you have useful thoughts in your head, don't be afraid to voice them. Your boss will definitely appreciate this and reward you, perhaps even with a promotion. And in order to learn how to generate successful ideas, you need to regularly train your brain, arranging intellectual storms for yourself, for example.

Stay ahead of the competition. If you have one or more other employees competing for a promotion at work, don't compete with them. This will protect you from rash actions, haste, and mistakes. Keep yourself to yourself and keep your promotion aspirations private. Do your work conscientiously, be active and original. And soon you will achieve success.

Tip 13: What do you need to know about the proposed position so as not to make a mistake?

Many people mistakenly believe that an interview is necessary solely for the employer to evaluate the candidate. In fact, such a visit to the company gives the applicant the right to determine how attractive employment is for him in a certain company and for a specific position. In order not to make a mistake, you should pay attention to the following parameters of the proposed work.

Features of work

The start and end time of the working day, normal or irregular work schedule, the duration of vacation and lunch break are perhaps the most important aspects of the company’s internal routine that you need to know before agreeing. Also, inquire about the dress code and career prospects. And try on all these characteristics for yourself.

Management style

The way control is structured at an enterprise or in an office often determines the attitude of employees to work and their ability to express themselves. Excessive centralization of power and a rigid hierarchy of division of powers are unlikely to be the ultimate dream for a creative and bright personality, accustomed to taking responsibility and acting at their own peril and risk. At the same time, a good assistant, a performer who is inclined to work according to instructions, is unlikely to take root in a team of enthusiasts, where creativity and a special mindset are required.

Employee Relations

The psychological climate in the team is also an important component. Tension and nervousness among staff may be a sign that not everything is so simple in the company. Constant pressure can drive anyone into a corner and force them to quit. Therefore, if you feel depressed right out of the gate, is it worth settling down?

The interview does not oblige you to anything. Ask questions, analyze the answers. Your suitability for the position is decided not only by the employer, but also by you. So be prudent and carefully weigh the pros and cons.

Recently, more and more often there are professionals who have long outgrown their position, but are afraid to ask for a promotion from their superiors. And there are several reasons: fear of seeming annoying, overestimating your professional capabilities, or simply receiving a harsh refusal. Therefore, experts have developed a strategy that will definitely allow you to get a promotion at work.

In short, everything you do at work should attract the attention of management and be assessed positively.

Meeting with the boss

After you have shown yourself as a leader, you can meet with your superiors. Please notify us in advance of your wishes. Choose a time when the manager will not be busy with important matters. It is best to immediately identify the topic of conversation without diving into details. This will help your boss prepare and navigate the timing and appropriateness of the dialogue.

Preparing for negotiations

This stage includes performing 5 actions:

• Update your resume and print it.
• Make a list of professional achievements and highlight key points.
• Research the market value of the position you want to fill. Experts recommend noting a salary range rather than giving a specific number. Otherwise, you can provoke the boss’s refusal.
• Consider options for your future work. If management can't pay what you want, for example, offer flexible hours or a remote process.
• Prepare a presentation. Slides, graphs, tables, printed documents - it can be anything that is convenient. The main thing is that the presentation shows the results of your work and emphasizes its value.

Correct reaction

Be prepared that during negotiations with your boss, you may receive negative feedback. This may not be a point of view, but a provocation. That is, testing your ability to adequately respond to constructive criticism. Be that as it may, do not argue or prove that you are right. Stay calm and reasonable. Listen carefully to the comments and ask the right questions. For example, what you need to do to qualify for the desired position. And clarify your next steps. You may need to undergo an interview with senior management, prepare certain documents, etc.

Silacheva Irina

In professional life, there is often a need to enter into negotiations with the employer about working conditions - it does not matter whether you are a job seeker or have worked for several years and are expecting a promotion. What to do when a company is not ready to make concessions? Or is your boss not going to give you more than the initial conditions?

Here are 15 tips to help you avoid common negotiator mistakes.

1. Don't underestimate the importance of sympathy

People won't fight for you if they don't like you. Anything you do during negotiations can hurt your chances of getting a better offer. It's not about politeness. There's a subtle art to negotiating the inevitable rough edges of negotiation: telling what you're asking for without appearing greedy; indicate why the offer does not suit you, and not look petty; remain persistent without being a boor. You can avoid such mistakes by, for example, rehearsing conversations with friends to gauge how other people perceive your manners.

2. Help you understand that you deserve what you are applying for.

To do this, it is not enough to just like it. The employer wants to be sure that you are worth the offer you are expecting. Don't assume your claims speak for themselves. Give arguments. Explain clearly why your salary should be 15% more than the rest of the employees the company hires. Or if your goal is to have shorter workdays on Fridays, justify it by getting your kids home from school earlier. If you don't think through how to phrase this wish, you may come across as overconfident.

3. When asking for better conditions, make it clear that you are truly willing to work for this employer.

Sometimes it can be helpful to say that you are considering other offers. But there is another side to this game: the employer may decide that you will refuse anyway. Why should he make extra effort? An effective tactic is to say that you have other offers, but you explain why and when you are willing to refuse them.

4. The line of negotiation you choose depends on who you are communicating with.

First of all, it is important who is in front of you - the future boss or the personnel officer. You might consider it risky to bother your potential boss with petty demands—and rightly so!

5. Try to understand the other party's limitations.

The employer may be 100% okay with you having the right to get whatever you want. But the wage fund may have limits that no negotiations can move. Your job is to figure out where the company can be flexible. Perhaps this is the start time of the working day, the duration of vacation, bonuses. If you're hiring at a small company that's new to your position, this is a great opportunity to discuss starting salary and responsibilities, but not other things. The better you understand the limitations, the more likely you are to come up with options that satisfy both parties.

6. Be prepared for tough questions

Do you have any other suggestions? If we propose to you tomorrow, will you say yes? Are we your best choice? Typically, such questions lead to confusion. They make you feel uncomfortable and expose your weaknesses. Without a preliminary response strategy, you may unwittingly begin to ingratiate yourself with the recruiter, lose face or, even worse, leverage over the course of negotiations. Your goal is to prepare in advance so that you can answer honestly without looking like an unattractive candidate.

7. Don't dwell on unpleasant issues

Maybe the recruiter isn't going to back you into a corner. By asking if you're ready to start work tomorrow, he may be trying to get a sense of whether you're excited about the job. Don't assume the worst. If you are determined to help the recruiter solve their problems, you will both benefit.

8. Keep the whole deal in mind.

Unfortunately, for many people, job negotiations are limited to discussing salary. Don't overlook other considerations: job responsibilities, location, commute time, flexible schedules, opportunities for growth and advancement, benefits, continuing education opportunities, and so on. Think not only about how you will be rewarded, but also when. You may receive less in monetary terms now, but this concession will pay off in the future.

10. Discuss everything that doesn’t suit you comprehensively and immediately, rather than gradually

Don't come back a week or a month after you got a raise asking to change another position, then another, and so on. The weakness of this approach is that the recruiter will assume that he has already done everything for you and is unlikely to be generous with subsequent requests. On the other hand, if you offer several points for discussion at once, you make it clear that all are equally important to you. If the other party receives your requests in parts, there remains a temptation to make small concessions and close off opportunities to discuss the rest.

11. You shouldn’t start negotiations for their own sake, just to prove to yourself that you are a tough negotiator.

By carefully discussing every detail during the hiring phase, you may narrow down the bargaining chips in the future as your career progresses. But that is when such an opportunity will be of great value.

12. Don’t rush to get as many job offers as possible at once.

When starting a job search, job seekers strive to secure at least one offer as quickly as possible. It gives confidence. This desire is especially relevant for graduates. They go through a lot of interviews and rush to celebrate their victory. The irony is that offering a job too quickly may mean you have to respond immediately. Therefore, if you want to compare different options and make the best choice, do not hesitate to slow down the negotiation process with one potential employer and speed up with another. To gain time, for example, negotiate the possibility of a second or third round of interviews later.

13. Avoid, ignore, soften ultimatums of any kind.

Nobody likes ultimatums. Often people use this tool unintentionally, for example, when they are trying to demonstrate strength, or, conversely, to disguise weakness or fear. Choose the tactic of ignoring it and don’t notice the ultimatum. This is the best way to make it clear to the other party that they are close to breaking the deal, and your partner himself is interested in pretending that there was no ultimatum. The tactic of ignoring allows the parties to save face and avoid unnecessary discussions. If someone tells you “we will never do this,” don’t dwell on it and don’t force the HR person to repeat this thesis. Instead, say, “I understand this is difficult at the moment,” and suggest other points to discuss. Perhaps in the future his position will not be so categorical.

14. Remember that the company may not have plans to hire you.

Difficult salary negotiations and the lack of a formal offer mean that you are not well suited for the position or the company is considering other candidates. Stay in touch, be patient, and don't call HR in a state of irritation or panic. Ask for clarification over time, find out what you can do to move the negotiations forward.

15. Leave questions open-ended

Remember: what cannot be agreed upon today can be decided tomorrow. Perhaps your potential boss is refusing to give you a raise or let you work from home on Fridays because trust has not yet been built between you. After six months of work or once your achievements become obvious, you will be in a better position. Be willing to continue the conversation and encourage others to consider issues that have been left unaddressed.

Keep perspective in mind. You can win the negotiations, but end up losing. Your satisfaction depends less on whether you make concessions than on what kind of job you end up getting. Research and simple everyday experience show that the current environment - managers and co-workers, your industry and job responsibilities - create a sense of satisfaction, not the specifics of the offer.