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In 1825, Louis Daguerre placed a light-sensitive plate in a camera obscura and illuminated it for quite a long time. The image was recorded with mercury vapor. Since the development method was not safe for health, British astronomer and scientist John Herschel suggested washing the plate in a solution of sodium hyposulfite. Daguerre called his photographs daguerreotypes.

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1878-88 American G. Goodwin patents celluloid reel film. KODAK sells the first film camera. The beginning of the era of mass photography. 1891 KODAK produces film for charging in daylight. 1900 A prototype of a modern point-and-shoot camera appears on the US market - a camera from KODAK that costs one dollar. 1903 The Lumière brothers from France develop the Autochrome process, the first color photographic material to go on mass sale. 1924-25 The LEIKA-1 camera became the first mass-produced technically advanced camera using standard 35 mm interchangeable film on reels. 1925 The flash lamp was invented. 1928 The first mass-produced two-lens reflex camera ROLLEYFLEX. From this moment on, photographers had the opportunity to produce accurate frames even during operational shooting. 1935-36 Pulsed illuminators were invented. KODAK produces mass-produced color photographic film "Kodachrome" (for cinema and photo equipment). This is the first color film to be processed by the end user. 1937 The first mass-produced single-lens reflex camera EXAKTA. 1938 The first mass-produced camera with automatic aperture control, KODAK SUPER 620. 1942. Kodacolor film makes it possible to produce color prints for the first time. A new step in the era of mass photography. 1948 A revolutionary invention is the Polaroid camera, which allows you to take ready-made black and white photographs in 60 seconds. 1954 The first 35 mm SLR camera with a fully automatic mirror lifting mechanism - the ancestor of modern SLR cameras. This ASAHIFLEX II model was produced by the Japanese company PENTAX - thus, Japanese manufacturers are confidently taking the lead in the design of photographic equipment.

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1. The appearance of a prism-type viewfinder (pentaprism). 2. The birth of electronically controlled shutters. 3. Partial automatic exposure (shutter speed or aperture priority). 4. Devices for automatic (including high-speed) film transportation. 5. Full automatic exposure. 6. The appearance of flashes. 7. Microprocessor multifunctional control of all camera devices using information displays. 8.The flash is built into the camera body. 9. Autofocus appears. 10. Drastic exponential improvement and modernization of all the above camera devices.

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The cost of film photography. Cost of a film camera (soap camera): about 1000 rubles. The cost of film for 36 frames: about 100 rubles. The cost of printing one photo 10*15: 6 rubles. Cost of digital photography. Cost of a digital camera: 4000-10000 rubles. The cost of a memory card for 100-600 frames: about 200-1000 rubles. The cost of printing one photo 10*15: 3.5 rubles.

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In addition to consumers, we interviewed salespeople in departments of Photo Products stores. In stores, along with a large selection of digital cameras, there is also a small selection of film cameras. They continue to buy film for film cameras and print photographs from it. According to sellers, 2/3 of amateur photographers print photographs from digital media, and 1/3 of amateur photographers print from film. So: the survey results showed that the number of digital camera users is several times greater than the number of film camera users.

Photography is the production and preservation of a static image on a light-sensitive material using a camera. Also, a photograph or photograph, or simply a snapshot, is the final image obtained as a result of the photographic process and viewed directly by a person. In a broader sense, photography is the art of taking photographs, where the main creative process lies in the search and selection of composition, lighting and moment (or moments) of the photograph. This choice is determined by the skill and skill of the photographer, as well as his personal preferences and taste, which is typical for any type of art.

In 1725, A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin (), an amateur chemist, later a politician, and Johann Heinrich Schulze (), a physicist, professor at the University of Halle in Germany, discovered that under the influence of light, solutions of iron salts change color. In 1725, while trying to prepare a luminous substance, he accidentally mixed chalk with nitric acid, which contained some dissolved silver.

Black and white photography is historically the first type of photography. After the advent of color and then digital photography, black and white photographs retained their popularity. Often color photographs are converted to black and white for an artistic effect.

Color photography appeared in the mid-19th century. The first permanent color photograph was taken in 1861 by James Maxwell using three-color photography (color separation method). To obtain a color photograph, three cameras with color filters installed on them (red, green and blue) were used. The resulting photographs made it possible to recreate a color image during projection (and later in printing).

Digital photography is a relatively young but popular technology that originated in 1981, when Sony launched the Sony Mavica camera with a CCD matrix that recorded images on disk. This device was not digital in the modern sense (an analog signal was recorded on disk), but it made it possible to abandon photographic film. The first full-fledged digital camera, the DCS 100, was released in 1990 by Kodak.

Collage is a technical technique in the fine arts that consists of creating paintings or graphic works by gluing objects and materials that differ from the base in color and texture onto any base. A collage is also a name for a work made entirely in this technique. Collage is used mainly to obtain the effect of surprise from the combination of dissimilar materials, as well as for the sake of the emotional richness and poignancy of the work. The collage can be completed with any other means of ink, watercolor, etc.

The history of photography. The first fixed image was made in 1822 by the Frenchman Joseph Nicéphore Niepce, but it has not survived to this day. Therefore, the first photograph in history is considered to be the “view from the window” photograph taken by Niepce in 1826 using a camera obscura on a tin plate covered with a thin layer of asphalt. The exposure lasted eight hours in bright sunlight. The advantage of Niépce's method was that the image turned out to be in relief (after etching the asphalt), and it could easily be reproduced in any number of copies. The world's first photograph, "View from a Window", 1826 Early color photography (1915)1915

A photographer is a person who practices photography. There are amateur photographers and professional photographers. An amateur photographer is a person who takes photographs for his own pleasure or entertainment, taking pictures for family, friends, for his blog posted on the Internet, etc. A professional photographer is a person whose main income comes from photography.

The work of a photographer in the narrow sense is direct photography. In a broad sense, a photographer is a person whose tasks include preparing for filming (choosing a topic, negotiations, obtaining permits and approvals, selecting models, props, equipment, choosing a location, etc.), direct photography and subsequent processing and printing work photographs, sale of material.

Professional skills and characteristics of the profession Dominant professional orientation: creativity, artistic images in combination with production and technology. It is important to find your own unique style, which can be created not only by artistic images, but also by an original technical solution in image processing.

What requirements does this profession place on an employee (personal abilities and qualities): * pronounced artistic abilities; * developed communication skills (more often it is necessary to work with the client); * creativity and high performance, physical endurance; * flexibility of thinking, developed imaginative thinking; * good memory (especially visual).

Family photographer - photographer taking family portraits in the interior, making a family album Household photographer - photographer making photos for documents, taking portraits to order in the studio, tourists against the backdrop of attractions, group photos in schools and kindergartens, corporate events

A forensic photographer is a photographer who takes photographs of incident scenes, corpses and material evidence for the needs of forensic medicine, investigative bodies, etc. A laboratory photographer is a researcher who provides photographic support for laboratory research

Place of work * newspaper or magazine (photojournalist); * photo studio (photos for documents, artistic photography); * holiday agencies and companies (photography of weddings, celebrations, anniversaries, presentations, etc.); * modeling business (shooting shows, developing a portfolio for models); * artist-photographer – independent creativity in various genres. * workshop

Today photography has entered a stage of dramatic changes associated with the introduction of digital methods and means. A modern photographer, using digital technologies, works “at the interface”, in adjacent, border areas between technology, technology and art.

The profession of a photographer can be obtained in: * state educational institutions; * commercial photo studios and photo schools; * educational projects in the field of photography. A professional photographer can be a creative person who does not have a special education, but has artistic abilities and strives for professional self-improvement.

“Siberian School of Photography” was created on the basis of the “Sakura” photo studio. Location: st. Kropotkina 126/1. Activities: Professional photography training. Fundamentals of photographic skills (basic course). Studio photography (basic and original courses) Reporting: art and profession (from the best reportage photographers) Color correction and retouching in Photoshop. Educational establishments

Serious education related to the promising direction - digital technologies can be obtained at the St. Petersburg State University of Cinema and Television with specialties in the field of digital methods and means of television, cinema and photography: * Faculty of Audiovisual Technology: specialty Audiovisual Technology. Specialization: digital methods and means of television, cinema and photography; * Faculty of Photography and Technology of Recording Materials, specialization "Materials and Methods of Registration of Digital Images"

Salary If you really want to become a professional photographer, earn a lot of money and not only participate in photo competitions, but also win, then you can take photography courses in which you will gain additional shooting skills. The average salary of a professional photographer in the city is rubles/month.

Invention photo

Invention of photography

Optics. Appearance of an inverted image

Pinhole camera

Pinhole camera. Operating principle

Artists and photographic vision

Artists and photographic vision

Artists and photographic vision

Optics. Scientific discoveries

Optics. Scientific discoveries

Optics. Scientific discoveries

Optics. Scientific discoveries

Prerequisites for the emergence of the photo industry

Daguerreotype

Daguerreotype

Daguerreotype

Dageroscope

Daguerreotype

Daguerreotype

Daguerreotype. Process steps

Daguerreotype. Process steps

Daguerreotype. Tabolt. Negative and Positive

Daguerreotype. Photo industry boom

Development of the photo industry

Development of the photo industry

Development of the photo industry

Development of the photo industry

Photo industry in Russia

The Art of Photography

Francis Frith 1822-1898

Francis Frith 1822-1898

Auguste Bisson 1814-1876 and Auguste Rosalie 1826-1900

Roger Fenton

Alexander Hesler (1823–1895)

Nadar (Gaspard Felix Tournachon)

Nadar (Gaspard Felix Tournachon)

Nadar (Gaspard Felix Tournachon)

Etienne Carja (1828-1906)

Brady Matthew 18 May 1822 – 15 January 1896

Brady Matthew 18 May 1822 – 15 January 1896

Timothy H Osullivan

Timothy H Osullivan

Oscar G. Reilander (1813-1875)

Henry Peach Robinson (1830-1901)

Edward Mewbridge (1830-1904)

Edward Mewbridge (1830-1904)

Edward Mewbridge (1830-1904)

Thomas Eakins(1844-1916)

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Presentation - History of the emergence and development of photography

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History of the emergence and development of photography
From its origins to the present day.

A Brief History of Photography
1822 Joseph Niepce took the world's first photograph, but it did not survive, but already in 1826 he managed to take a “view from the window” photograph using a camera obscura on a tin plate.

The first photograph of J.Niepce

Daguerreotype
L.M. Daguerre, who worked until 1883 together with J.N. Niépce, received the image on a silver plate treated with mercury vapor and fixed with a solution of table salt. He called his method daguerreotype.

Photo by L. Dagger

Photography in Russia
Photography, which originated in France and England, quickly spread to other countries. In Russia, the first photographic images were obtained by the Russian chemist and botanist Julius Fedorovich Fritzsche

19th century photography

20th century photographs

19th-20th century portrait

Soviet photographs.

History of Soviet photography of the 20-30s.
The 20s of the last century coincided with a change in the social system in Russia, caused by the October Revolution. After the establishment of Soviet power in the country, great importance was attached to promoting the ideas of social equality and justice. Masters of culture - cinematographers, artists, theater directors, writers and photographers - were now required to create a new image of man, a new way of life and culture. The photographers were not tasked with capturing the reality around them as it looked in reality. After all, the country was in complete chaos after the civil war. Photographers and other cultural figures were supposed to become the mouthpiece of the Soviet government, calling on young people to build a completely new world.

Trends in Soviet photography
To do this, the photographers' lenses had to completely transform the real world. With their photographs they were supposed to show people the beginnings of a bright future and convince them of the greatness of Soviet power. The 20s and 30s turned out to be extremely productive for the development of photography in Russia. One by one, specialized photographic publications began to appear in the country, clubs opened where discussions were held about the form and style of the photographic language. Creative youth began to actively get involved in these turbulent processes, trying to bring photographic art to the masses.

Soviet era cameras
Zenith

Soviet era cameras
FED

Soviet era cameras
Orion

Soviet era cameras
Gull

Soviet era cameras
Change

Soviet lenses
Helios Jupiter Kaleinar Tair

21st century photography
Modern photography is increasingly used in science, technology and everyday life. At the initial stages it was impossible to predict how wide the possibilities of using the photographic method would be. Thanks to photography, humanity receives images of the elementary particles that make up the atom, and images of the globe, the Moon and other planets; images of a living cell and crystal lattice of minerals; studies processes that occur in one millionth of a second and processes that last for decades.

Contemporary photography.
Along with the widespread use of photography in science and technology, it has received the longest and most widespread use as an art form. Thanks to significant improvements and automation of equipment, improvement of materials and simplification of their processing technology, photography has become accessible to the widest range of amateur photographers. Evidence of this is the constantly growing production of equipment, materials and equipment for mass photographic use, and the popularity of literature on these issues.

Work in the field of photography.
A photographer is a person who practices photography. An amateur photographer is a person who takes photographs for his own pleasure or entertainment, taking pictures for family, friends, himself. A professional photographer is a person whose main income comes from photography.

Professional photography skills.
It is IMPORTANT to find your unique style, be original, surprise people not only with an artistic approach to photography, but also with a technical solution in image processing!

Requirements for a photographer
Pronounced artistic abilities Developed communication skills Creativity and high performance, physical endurance Flexibility of thinking, developed imaginative thinking Good memory (especially visual)

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