Organization of the work of the operator of the centralization post. Topic: “Railway stations” MDK “Performance of work in the working profession operator of a centralization post Labor protection requirements before starting work
Name of the organization I APPROVED WORK INSTRUCTIONS Name of the position of the head of the organization _________ N ___________ Signature Explanation of the signature Place of compilation Date TO THE OPERATOR OF THE CENTRALIZATION POST
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. The operator of the centralization post is hired and dismissed from work by order of the head of the organization on the recommendation of ___________________________________________________________________________.
2. The operator of the centralization post reports to __________________________.
3. In its activities, the operator of the centralization post is guided by:
Charter of the organization;
Labor regulations;
Orders and instructions of the head of the organization (direct manager);
These operating instructions.
4. The operator of the centralization post must know:
The principle of operation of alarm, centralization, interlocking (SSB) and communication devices, the rules of their operation;
Instructions for ensuring the safety of train traffic during maintenance and repair of signaling devices;
Rules for the carriage of goods;
Technical administrative act and technological process of operation of a railway station to the appropriate extent.
2. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
5. The operator of the centralization post is tasked with:
5.1. Translation of centralized arrows and control of signals from the centralization station console and local control console.
5.2. Monitoring the correct preparation of routes according to the indications of control devices.
5.3. Providing sound and visible signals when receiving, departing, passing trains and performing shunting work.
5.4. Checking the clearness of the path, moving centralized arrows with a courbel and checking the correct preparation of routes in conditions of disruption of the normal operation of signaling, centralization and blocking devices.
5.5. Ensuring traffic safety in the serviced shunting area in accordance with the technical and administrative act and the technological process of operation of the railway station.
3. RIGHTS
6. The operator of the centralization post has the right:
6.1. Require periodic training on labor protection.
6.2. Have the necessary instructions, tools, personal protective equipment for work and require the administration to provide them.
6.3. Familiarize yourself with the internal labor regulations and the collective agreement.
6.4. Make proposals for improving work technology.
6.5. _______________________________________________________________. (other rights taking into account the specifics of the organization)
4. RESPONSIBILITY
7. The operator of the centralization post is responsible for:
7.1. For failure to perform (improper performance) of one’s work, within the limits determined by the current labor legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
7.2. For offenses committed in the course of carrying out their activities - within the limits determined by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
7.3. For causing material damage - within the limits determined by the current labor, criminal and civil legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
Name of the position of the head of the structural unit _________ _______________________ Signature Explanation of signature Visas I have read the work instructions _________ _______________________ Signature Explanation of signature _______________________ Date
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1 REGIONAL STATE AUTONOMOUS PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION “GUBKINSK MINING POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE” METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CLASSES MDK “Performance of work in the working profession operator of a centralization post” specialty Organization of transportation and management of transport (by type) Topic: “Zheleznodoro” important stations" Developed by a teacher of special disciplines Chernikova Tatyana Nikolaevna 2015
2 Agreed: Chairman of the PCC N.A. Gusareva 2015 I approve: Deputy Director for MMR L.A. Morozova 2015
3 Lesson topic: “Railway stations.” Interdisciplinary course MDK “Performing work in the profession of operator of a centralization post” Group OP-3t (3rd year) Lesson type: Lesson-tournament Lesson type: consolidation and improvement of knowledge Type of activity: active inclusion of students in the educational process Purpose of the lesson: organize students’ activities to consolidate and generalization of the studied material: - use rational forms of teamwork in the classroom; - check your knowledge of basic terms and definitions; - test students’ ability to think logically and compare various facts and knowledge acquired at different times. Educational component: identifying the quality of students’ mastery of program material on the topic studied: the level of mastery of the conceptual apparatus, the degree of mastery of basic competencies in the field of organizing traffic at the station, consolidating the ability to determine the goal and tasks of the upcoming activity. Developmental component: development in students of the foundations of a culture of self-management of educational activities: the ability to exercise self-control, self-assessment and self-correction of their actions and skills in the field of reflective activity. Educational component: formation of a competence culture of the future leader in the process of interaction in a group lesson, manifestations of empathy, creative self-expression, self-regulation, reflection. Control methods: expert assessment of the results of students’ independent activities, reflection. Forms of work: group. Interdisciplinary connections: - MDK “Organization of train traffic”; - MDK 01.01 “Transportation Process Technology”. Resource support: Equipment: computer, multimedia projector Methodological support: multimedia presentation on the topic “Technological process of the station”, use of electronic resources, methodological development of the lesson, didactic and handouts for it,
4 traffic light layout with removable disks: - green color 20pcs; - yellow color 20pcs; - white color 20pcs; - red color 20pcs, puzzles, crosswords. Predicted result: at the end of the lesson, students should master the following professional and general competencies: PC 4.2 Fulfill transportation safety requirements and choose optimal solutions when organizing work in non-standard and emergency situations OK 2 Organize their own activities, determine methods and methods for performing professional tasks, evaluate their efficiency and quality. OK 3 Solve problems, assess risks and make decisions in non-standard situations. OK 4 Search, analyze and evaluate information necessary for setting and solving professional problems, professional and personal development. OK 6 Work in a team and team, ensure its cohesion, communicate effectively with colleagues, management, and consumers. Course of the lesson 1st stage: organizational moment Welcoming guests and students, checking readiness for the lesson, those who are absent, psychological attitude towards the upcoming work. Stage 2: motivational Teacher: “Our lesson today is the final stage of a lot of work on studying the topic “Railway stations”, according to the MDK “Performing work in the profession of operator of a centralization post”, before moving on to studying the next part of the discipline, it is necessary to do consolidation and generalization of the studied material and, if necessary, adjusting knowledge. Today we will try to show our theoretical training and practical skills that we have already mastered.” 3rd stage: Goal setting The purpose of the tournament is to organize students’ activities to consolidate and generalize the studied material, use rational forms of collective work in a training session, test knowledge of basic terms and definitions, knowledge of the principle of operation of the station, test students’ ability to think logically and compare various facts and knowledge acquired at different times. Stage 4: Conducting a tournament Divide (randomly) into groups: 4 teams of 4 people, station heads are appointed by the teacher. Students sit at tables, on each table there is a card with the name of the station.
5 Introduce students to the form of the lesson. Introduce students to the traffic light indicator of their knowledge. - during the game, teams will be given traffic light discs of different colors. With a complete answer, green 5 points, with a short answer, yellow 4 points, with a weak answer, red 3 points, with additions, white 2 points. The “Erudite” competition has an individual scoring system. - the results of each answer are assessed by a disc of the corresponding color, the final score will be given taking into account all the points received for the game. Warm up. Students solve puzzles on the topic “Railway” (Appendix 1). 10 minutes are given to complete this task, each team receives 5 tasks. After the time has elapsed, the “station” that answered all the puzzles receives a green disk, the one with the 4th puzzle receives a yellow disk, and the one with the 3rd puzzle gets a red one. Mentoring. A student from group OP-2T shows slides and comments on the station where she is currently doing her internship. In his story, he especially notes the track development of the station, technical equipment, and also sets out in detail the job responsibilities of the workers of this station. Dictation. At each “station” a task is given where you need to insert the missing letters (Appendix 2). The results of the competition are also evaluated by discs of the corresponding colors. Competition “Erudite” A game board is displayed on the projector screen, on which the questions are divided into categories: 1) Technology of the station; 2) Construction and equipment of the station; 3) Definitions; 4) Shunting work. The questions are differentiated by level of difficulty and have a different score from 2-4 (Appendix 3). Students choose a category and question. Time for discussion and choice of respondent is 20 seconds. The student must answer correctly and completely. Additions and uses
6 boards are not allowed. Answers are scored according to the difficulty of the question. Brainstorming competition Students solve a crossword puzzle (Appendix 4). For each “station” there is a crossword puzzle, which takes 15 minutes to solve. Stage 5: evaluation of results The experts are given the floor to sum up the results of the lesson. Stage 6: Homework is to create a crossword puzzle on the topic covered. Stage 7: reflection: Students are asked to continue the following statements: “Today we remembered” It was not clear to me, but now I understand that Now we can It was difficult We wanted to We acquired Thank you all for your work in class!
7 Appendix 1 PLATFORM DUMPKAR AGLOVOS DISPATCHER COMPILator SHOE HITCH
8 CARGO RADIETY SIGNAL CAR LOCOMOTIVE MANEUVER Crawler RAILS
9 COMPOSITION STATION STRELKA TANK ELECTRIC TRAIN
10 Appendix 2 1. Railway crossing 2. Cross core 3. Dispatcher centralization 4. Automatic blocking 5. Snow plow 6. Distance 7. Car mileage 8. Route dispatches 9. Cross 1. Refrigerator 2. Dump car 3. Refrigerated car 4. Overpass 5. Glacier car 6. Viaduct 7. Passenger car 8. Switch 9. Cross 1. Intermediate station 2. Rail fastenings 3. Road sheet 4. Isothermal car 5. Tank 6. Symmetrical switch 7. Frame rail 8. Separate point 9. Sorting station 1. Cargo receiver 2. Freight turnover 3. Centralized payment 4. Information 5. Counter rail 6. Chute 7. Shipper 8. Oversized cargo 9. Low-tonnage shipment Appendix 3
11 Category “Station operation technology” 5 points A railway station is a point that has a track development that allows operations to receive, depart and overtake trains, service passengers and receive and issue cargo, luggage and cargo luggage. 4 points What documents regulate the operation of the station? TPA, technological process, regulations on the railway station, PTE, ISI, IDP, and the Railway Charter. 3 points What operations are carried out at the railway station? Technical, cargo, commercial and passenger. 2 points What journals are filled out by the chipboard when accepting a shift? “Dispatcher orders”, “Train movement log”, “Warning book”, “Inspection log of railway tracks, turnouts, signaling devices, communications and contact networks”
12 Category “Station structures and devices” 5 points How are station tracks divided? Main, receiving and dispatching, sorting, exhaust, loading, unloading, depot, connecting. 4 points What does useful path length mean? Part of a railway station track within which rolling stock can be installed. 3 points What types of arrows are there based on the translation method? Centralized and non-centralized. 2 points What structures should be illuminated at the station? Facilities for serving passengers, tracks and parks for the reception and departure of trains, loading and unloading and shunting operations, territories of cargo areas, container yards, sorting platforms, carriage scales, observation towers, clearance gates, places where workers meet trains, switch necks, warehouses, railway crossings.
13 Category “Definitions” 5 points A block section is a part of an interstation section with AB or ALS, limited by traffic lights. 4 points Loading clearance is the maximum transverse (perpendicular to the axis of the railway track) outline in which, without going outside, the cargo must be placed on an open railway. composition when it is on a straight horizontal railway. ways. 3 points Train signals are signals used to identify trains, locomotives and other moving units. 2 points Service braking is braking in steps to smoothly reduce speed or stop the train in a predetermined place.
14 Category “Shunting work” 5 points What signals are given by shunting traffic lights? The lunar white light is used as a permitting light during maneuvers. blue light prohibiting maneuvers. 4 points What is called shunting half-trip? Movement of cars with a locomotive or one locomotive along station tracks without changing the direction of movement. 3 points Speed when maneuvering 60 km/h - on free tracks of single locomotives, 40 km/h on free tracks of a locomotive with wagons, 25 km/h on free tracks when moving wagons forward, 15 km/h with oversized cargo. 2 points How is the hand signal “Stop” given during maneuvers? during the day, moving in a circle an unfurled red or yellow flag; at night, a hand-held flashlight with any fire.
15 Appendix 4 1. Containers (rolling stock) for the transportation of goods. Car 2. A locomotive that sets in motion when interacting with the contact network. Electric locomotive 3. Document issued for cargo accepted for transportation. Consignment note 4. Products produced by enterprises accepted for transportation. Cargo 5. The room in which cargo is stored before loading. Warehouse 6. The fees and charges levied for transportation, as well as the rules for calculating them, are called Tariff 7. One of the parts of the turnout cross. Trench 8. A device placed under the wheel pairs to secure the rolling stock. Shoe 9. A structure installed instead of a high embankment at the intersection of rivers and ravines. Bridge 10. One of the main parts of the turnout. Cross 11. A carriage in which frozen fish, berries, etc. are transported. Glacier 12. Its indication serves unquestioning execution for railway transport workers. Signal 13. Fill in when a commercial fault is detected (commercial). Act 14. One of the parts of the turnout crosspieces. Core 15. Metal beam laid on sleepers along which trains move. Rail 16. Part of the car in contact with the rail. Wheel 17. It is assigned to employees for qualification. Discharge
16 1 VA 8 G B O A N SH 2 M E A L K E 9 K M T O 15 R E L S O V 10 O K Z R 3 E N S A T 16 WHEEL O L V A I D N N A A Y 11 4 L G E 17 R A Z R Y D U N Z I 5 K S 12 K S L I A G D N 6 A T L A 13 R A I K F T 7 14 J S E E L R O D B E C H N
17 IK
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1. General labor protection requirements
1.1. This Instruction has been developed in accordance with the rules on labor protection in transportation and establishes the basic labor protection requirements when performing work by the operator of the centralization post of JSC Russian Railways (hereinafter referred to as the operator of the centralization post).
Based on this Instruction, in accordance with the Rules for the development, construction, execution and designation of regulatory documents on labor protection, approved by the order of JSC Russian Railways dated December 29, 2011 N 2849r, and other regulatory documents of JSC Russian Railways, the head of a structural unit organizes the development and labor safety instructions are approved for the operator of the centralization post, taking into account local conditions for a specific workplace and job responsibilities.
1.2. The following are allowed to work independently as a centralization post operator:
persons who have reached the age of eighteen;
having at least secondary vocational (technical) education;
past:
mandatory preliminary (upon employment) medical examination;
introductory and initial briefings on labor protection and fire safety;
internship in labor protection;
initial testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements.
If there is a break in work for more than 1 year, the operator of the centralization post must undergo an internship in labor protection and a test of knowledge of labor protection requirements.
1.3. During the course of his work, the operator of the centralization post undergoes the following in accordance with the established procedure:
periodic medical examinations (examinations);
repeated instructions on labor protection (at least once every three months);
unscheduled briefing on labor protection;
training in labor protection during technical studies and advanced training in the profession;
another test of knowledge of labor protection requirements.
1.4. The operator of the centralization post is obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations established in the structural unit, know his rights, responsibilities, and bear responsibility in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for failure to perform or improper performance of his duties.
The operator of the centralization post is not allowed to perform his job duties while under the influence of alcohol, drugs or toxic substances. If an operator of a centralization post is identified at the workplace in a state of alcohol, drug or toxic intoxication, he is suspended from work and removed from the territory of the unit in accordance with the procedure determined by the structural unit.
When working outdoors in the cold season at low temperatures, breaks for heating are provided to prevent cooling and frostbite. The duration and procedure for providing such breaks are established by internal labor regulations or a local document of the structural unit.
1.5. The operator of the centralization post must know, within the scope of his job responsibilities:
Labor Code of the Russian Federation;
internal labor regulations;
regulatory documents of JSC Russian Railways, the railway, the Central Traffic Control Directorate on organizing train traffic and shunting work;
technical administrative act and technological process (technological map) of the operation of a railway station;
rules and instructions on labor protection, sanitary standards and regulations, including the requirements of these Instructions;
the effect on a person of dangerous and harmful production factors that arise during work, and measures to protect against their influence;
safe work practices;
visible and sound signals ensuring the safety of train movement, as well as the procedure for fencing obstacles to train movement that have arisen on the railway track;
requirements for electrical safety, fire safety, fire regulations, industrial sanitation;
actions in response to emergencies involving dangerous goods;
civil defense issues and emergency response;
methods and measures to provide first aid to victims;
location of primary fire extinguishing equipment, storage of first aid kits;
instructions and other regulatory documents establishing the job responsibilities of the slide operator.
1.6. The operator of the centralization post is obliged to:
perform work included in his job responsibilities and assigned by the managers of the railway station and shift;
apply safe practices when performing work and technological operations;
comply with the requirements of prohibiting, warning, indicating and prescriptive signs, inscriptions, visible and sound signals;
be extremely careful in areas where railway rolling stock and vehicles move;
walk through the territory of the railway station along established routes of service (technological) passage, pedestrian tunnels, bridges and crossings;
comply with fire safety requirements, have the skills to use fire-fighting equipment and inventory;
know and comply with the safety measures and procedures established by the technological documentation and these Instructions;
fulfill the duties of an employee in the field of labor protection established by Article 214 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, including:
compliance with labor protection requirements;
correct use of personal and collective protective equipment;
completion of training in safe methods of performing work and providing first aid to victims, instruction on labor protection, internship and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements;
immediately notifying your immediate or superior manager about any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about every accident that occurs at work, or about a deterioration in your health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute occupational disease (poisoning);
undergoing mandatory preliminary (upon employment) and periodic medical examinations.
1.7. During the work process, the operator of the centralization post may be affected by the following dangerous and harmful production factors:
moving railway rolling stock, vehicles;
increased noise level;
increased or decreased air temperature;
increased humidity and air mobility.
In the event of an emergency, the operator of the centralization post may be exposed to hazardous factors of explosion, fire, and chemicals.
1.8. To prevent or reduce the impact of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, as well as to protect against pollution, the head of the structural unit ensures the acquisition at the expense of the unit and issuance to the operator of the centralization post of certified personal protective equipment (special clothing, special shoes) in accordance with the established " Model standards for the free issuance of certified special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment to railway transport workers of the Russian Federation engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, as well as work performed in special temperature conditions or associated with pollution" from October 22, 2008 N 582/n:
Set "Dvizhenets-L" or
Suit "Flaw detector-L"
Waterproof raincoat
1 for 3 years
Yuft boots with polyurethane soles
Boots made of polyvinyl chloride plastic or
Rubber boots
Combined gloves or
Polymer coated gloves
Signal headdress
1 for 2 years
Signal vest 2nd class of protection
In winter additionally:
Low temperature protection kit "Dvizhenets" or
by the waist
Suit for protection against low temperatures "Flaw detector"
by the waist
Short fur coat or
by the waist
Short coat with fur lining, or
by the waist
Fur lined jacket
by the waist
Ushanka hat with sound-conducting inserts
by the waist
Insulated mittens or
by the waist
Insulated gloves
by the waist
Insulated yuft boots with oil-freeze-resistant soles or
by the waist
Felt boots (felt boots) with rubber bottom
by the waist
1.9. The personal protective equipment (PPE) issued to the centralization station operator must be appropriate to the size, gender of the worker, and the nature and conditions of the work performed.
In order to ensure timely washing and dry cleaning of special clothing, it is allowed to issue to the operator of the centralization post two sets of special clothing for twice the period of wear (the issuance procedure is regulated by the administrative document of the head of the structural unit).
1.10. Personal and work special clothing and shoes should be stored separately in wardrobes. During the operation of personal protective equipment, the operator of the centralization post must monitor their serviceability, keep them clean and in order.
1.11. The operator of the centralization post is not allowed to perform work without personal protective equipment, as well as in faulty, unrepaired or contaminated personal protective equipment.
He must notify the head of the railway station about the failure (malfunction) of personal protective equipment.
While performing work on railway tracks (on the territory of a railway station), the operator of the centralization post is required to wear an orange signal vest with stripes of reflective material with stencils “DS” on the back, indicating belonging to the unit, and “D” on the left side of the chest, indicating belonging to the directorate (hereinafter referred to as the signal vest).
(paragraph introduced by order of JSC Russian Railways dated December 9, 2014 N 2902r)
1.12. Special clothing and footwear issued to the operator of the centralization post are the property of JSC Russian Railways and are subject to mandatory return at the end of the wearing period, as well as upon dismissal or transfer to another job for which the issued personal protective equipment is not provided for by standard standards.
1.13. The operator of the centralization post must comply with the following fire safety requirements:
smoke in places specially designated for this purpose, marked “Smoking area”, provided with fire extinguishing equipment and equipped with trash cans or boxes with sand (defined by the local document for the department);
operate household electrical equipment authorized by the head of the structural unit in accordance with the instructions (passport) for its operation;
Do not leave electrical heating devices plugged in unattended.
1.14. The operator of the centralization post is prohibited from:
use faulty, homemade, loose or exposed wires, electrical wiring insulation that is damaged or has lost its protective properties, household electrical appliances, switches, circuit breakers, plug sockets and other electrical equipment;
use electric stoves, electric kettles and other electrical appliances that do not have protection devices, without stands made of non-combustible materials;
store explosive substances, flammable and combustible liquids in office premises;
approach rolling stock, track machines, flammable materials and containers with flammable and combustible liquids with an open flame.
1.15. During the work process, the operator of the centralization post must comply with the rules of personal hygiene, sanitary requirements for storing and eating food. Meals should be eaten in canteens, buffets, or in specially designated rooms (places) with appropriate equipment. Before eating, you should wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.
The operator of the centralization post should drink boiled water stored in special closed tanks (containers) protected from dust and other harmful substances. It is allowed to use bottled water or unboiled water from a household water supply if there is permission for this consumption from the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
1.16. When located on railway tracks, the operator of the centralization post is obliged to:
while passing through the territory of a railway station, be vigilant, listen to announcements over the public address system and warning signals, distribute your attention between the movement of rolling stock and the performance of official duties;
walk along specially established routes of service and technological passages;
comply with the requirements of safety signs, visible and sound signals and warning painting applied to structures and devices, pay attention to devices and objects located along the route: limit posts, turnouts, drainage trays and wells, signaling devices, centralization and blocking, contact networks, oversized places and other obstacles (the list of oversized and dangerous places at a railway station is indicated in the labor protection instructions for the operator of a centralization post, developed at the railway station);
when passing along railway tracks, walk in the middle of the intertrack, along the side of the roadbed or to the side of the railway track no closer than 2.5 m from the outer rail, while you must carefully monitor the movements of rolling stock on adjacent tracks, for objects protruding beyond the outline of the dimensions rolling stock (open doors, sides of cars, wire and other objects);
when approaching rolling stock or during shunting movements, it is necessary to move in advance to the side of the track or to another inter-track at a safe distance, so as not to find yourself between mobile units simultaneously moving along adjacent tracks, and not to be in the area of an oversized (dangerous) place, wait for the passage or stop rolling stock and then continue moving;
When detecting (visually or audibly) approaching rolling stock, workers who find themselves on the train's route within the scope of the rolling stock must move away from the railway tracks to the side of the roadbed, including the adjacent railway track, remove tools, devices, materials, products at a distance not less than 2.5 m from the outer rail at established train speeds of up to 120 km/h, at least 4 m from the outer rail at established speeds of 121 - 140 km/h and at least 5 m from the outer rail at established speeds of more than 140 km/h;
when you are on a track adjacent to the passage route of a train with a speed of over 140 km/h, after reporting the passage of a train no later than 10 minutes in advance, work must be stopped and you must step aside at a distance of at least 5 m from the outermost rail the path along which the train must travel;
when workers are on the tracks of railway stations, they are allowed to move to the middle of a wide inter-track (in the case of a train moving along an adjacent railway track);
if you are forced to be in the gap between trains, locomotives and other moving units moving along adjacent tracks, you must immediately squat down (squat) or lie down on the ground in the gap parallel to the railway tracks;
you should cross railway tracks in designated places (on pedestrian bridges, tunnels, decks), and in their absence - at right angles to the axis of the track, after making sure that there is no approaching rolling stock, stepping over the rails, without stepping on the rails and the ends of the sleepers;
one should cross a railway track occupied by stationary rolling stock in the absence of an approaching rolling stock (shunting) on the adjacent track along serviceable transition platforms of cars, having first made sure that the handrails, steps and floor of the platform are in good condition and that they are not icy or snow-covered;
one should rise and disembark from the transition platform of a stationary carriage, turning to face the carriage, holding the handrails with both hands, while the hands should be free of any objects, having previously inspected the exit area and made sure that there is no approaching rolling stock along the adjacent railway track or obstacles between tracks or on the side of the track (at night, this place should be illuminated with a hand-held flashlight);
before starting to climb onto the carriage's transition platform, you should make sure that there is no permissive indication of the traffic light and sound signals given by the locomotive before departure;
you should walk around groups of cars or locomotives standing on the railway track at a distance of at least 5 m from the automatic coupler of the outermost car or locomotive;
you should pass between uncoupled units of rolling stock with a distance between their automatic couplers of at least 10 m, in the middle of the gap;
monitor the readings of traffic lights, sound signals, signs, the position of arrows and warnings transmitted via park two-way communication about the passage of trains and shunting movements of rolling stock;
be attentive and careful when on the tracks, especially in poor visibility, heavy snowfalls, fog, strong noise created by operating equipment or passing rolling stock, in winter, when hats impair the audibility of signals.
When workers are in the area of high-speed and high-speed trains, it is required to comply with the Labor Safety Rules when servicing high-speed and high-speed lines of the Russian Railways JSC and additional safety measures established by local documents.
(clause 1.16 as amended by the order of JSC Russian Railways dated December 9, 2014 N 2902r)
1.17. While on the railway tracks, the operator of the centralization post is prohibited from:
cross (cross) railway tracks in front of a moving railway rolling stock or immediately behind a passing train, without making sure that no railway rolling stock is moving along the adjacent railway track;
climb on and off the steps of carriages while moving;
climb onto locomotives;
crawl under standing carriages, climb onto or under automatic couplers, cross railway tracks along carriage frames;
stand or sit on rails and ends of sleepers, electric drives, track boxes, car retarders and other floor and ground devices;
to be in between tracks when trains are traveling along adjacent railway tracks;
cross railway tracks within the turnouts, place your foot between the point and the frame rail, the movable core and guardrail, or in the grooves on the turnout;
when passing rolling stock, be in oversized areas marked with signal paint and/or a sign indicating an oversized area in the clearance area of the rolling stock;
enter the space between cars;
use cellular and radiotelephone communications, audio and video players and other devices not provided for by the technological process of the railway station.
(clause 1.17 as amended by the order of JSC Russian Railways dated December 9, 2014 N 2902r)
1.18. When entering the railway track from premises, due to rolling stock, buildings, structures and structures, and in winter, when hats impair the audibility of sound signals, as well as during heavy fog, rain, snowfall, blizzards, which impede visibility and audibility of warning signals and approaching rolling stock, before crossing the railway track, the operator of the centralization post is required to:
first make sure that there is no rolling stock moving along it (on both sides) to the crossing point;
in the dark, in addition, wait until your eyes get used to the darkness, wait until the visibility of surrounding objects is established and then continue moving; in places with limited illumination, use a hand-held flashlight;
when rolling stock approaches, stop in a safe place, let it pass and then continue moving.
(clause 1.18 as amended by the order of JSC Russian Railways dated December 9, 2014 N 2902r)
1.19. When located on electrified railway tracks, the operator of the centralization post must comply with the following safety requirements:
do not climb onto contact line supports, the roof of a car, container or locomotive located under the contact wire;
do not approach yourself or with the help of the tools and devices used to live and unfenced wires or parts of the contact network at a distance closer than 2 m, and to broken wires touching the ground - closer than 8 m;
do not touch broken wires of the contact network and foreign objects located on them, regardless of whether they touch the ground and grounded structures or not;
Do not step on electrical wires and cables.
1.20. The operator of the centralization post is prohibited from:
be in a state of alcoholic, toxic or narcotic intoxication while performing duties;
touch broken or exposed wires, contacts and other live parts of electrical equipment;
start one-time work (on the instructions of the manager) that is not related to direct responsibilities, without receiving instructions from the manager on safety measures and implementation techniques;
allow unauthorized persons and foreign objects to be in the office premises;
use faulty tools and equipment in work.
1.21. The operator of the centralization post must store the tools (inventory) and equipment used in the work in specially designated areas.
1.22. In case of every industrial accident, the operator of the centralization post must immediately:
inform the shift manager or the railway station (if present at the station);
provide first aid to the victim (in accordance with the requirements of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of May 4, 2012 N 477n “On approval of the list of conditions for which first aid is provided and the list of measures for providing first aid”) in case of: lack of consciousness, respiratory arrest, external bleeding, entry of a foreign body into the upper respiratory tract, injuries to various areas of the body, burns, effects of exposure to high temperatures, thermal radiation, frostbite and other effects of exposure to low temperatures and poisoning;
take measures to organize the delivery of the victim to a medical facility;
until the arrival of the head of the railway station, preserve the situation at the workplace and the condition of the equipment as they were at the time of the incident (if this does not threaten the life and health of surrounding workers and does not lead to an accident), if it is impossible to preserve the situation, record it (draw up diagrams, make photographs, take other measures), take urgent measures to prevent the development of an emergency situation and the impact of traumatic factors on other persons.
1.23. If violations of these Instructions are detected, as well as situations that create a danger to human life or are a prerequisite for an accident, the operator of the centralization post must immediately notify the shift manager or the railway station (if present at the station).
1.24. Knowledge and compliance with the requirements of rules and instructions on labor protection are the official responsibility of the operator of the centralization post. If the requirements of this Instruction are not met, he is liable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. Labor protection requirements before starting work
2.1. The work area of the operator of the centralization post is the territory of the railway station (service passage routes, inter-tracks and roadsides of the railway station), sanitary and service premises (according to the technology of the work performed and job responsibilities). The working area in relation to local conditions is determined in the unit’s labor protection instructions.
2.2. The location of the targeted occupational safety briefing for the operator of the centralization post before starting work is determined in the unit’s occupational safety instructions.
2.3. The operator of the centralization post proceeds to the workplace for receiving duty and to the utility room along established service passage routes (the order is indicated in the unit’s labor protection instructions).
2.4. Before starting work, the centralization station operator must:
check the serviceability of special clothing and shoes, a signal vest with reflective pads and the logo of the structural unit and put it on;
fasten the overalls with all the buttons, tuck in the loose ends of the clothing so that they do not hang down and do not restrict movement;
put the signal vest over your clothes, fasten it completely;
empty pockets of foreign objects with sharp edges, leave mobile phones and other electronic devices that reduce attention in the living room;
check, in accordance with the technological process and inventory, in the presence of the employee on duty, the serviceability of equipment, inventory, radio station, flashlight, signal accessories, the condition of the workplace, lighting and, in addition, check the presence and serviceability of seals on the devices;
During an external inspection, make sure that the lamp body and light-transmitting glass are intact, and also check the operation of its switch;
obtain information about the location of the rolling stock on the station tracks at the time of taking over the shift, the necessary instructions on the specifics of work taking into account weather conditions, report to the shift manager about the acceptance of duty and coordinate their further actions.
2.5. When standing on railway tracks during working hours, the headgear of the centralization station operator should not impair the audibility of sound signals; overalls and special footwear must be worn in full.
2.6. When working, the operator of the centralization post must have an official identification card and a labor safety warning card.
2.7. In the cold season of the year, with severe frosts, the operator of the centralization post must, before leaving the room, lubricate exposed areas of the body with a special ointment or cream against frostbite, and also cover his face with a jacket collar (scarf) and use insulated mittens. In severe frosts, to avoid frostbite, do not touch metal objects and parts (rails, fasteners, tools, equipment) with bare hands.
2.8. At stations that have automated workstations equipped with personal computers (PCs) and video display terminals (VDTs), centralization station operators who have undergone initial training on labor safety instructions when working with PCs and VDTs are allowed to work.
2.9. The operator of the centralization post must report all identified violations in the maintenance of the workplace and shortcomings in labor safety (when taking over a shift and during work) to the shift manager or the railway station employee specified in the local document of the structural unit, in order to take measures to eliminate them. If there is a danger to life or health, do not start work until the violation is eliminated.
(as amended by the order of JSC Russian Railways dated December 9, 2014 N 2902r)
3. Labor protection requirements during work
3.1. The operator of the centralization post must perform the work that is determined by his job responsibilities and assigned by the shift manager. When performing work, he must comply with the requirements of the technological process of the railway station and these Instructions.
3.2. Before the start of a technological break in work, the operator of the centralization post must report to his immediate supervisor about his location, and after its end - about his readiness to start work.
3.3. When located on the railway tracks of a station, the operator of the centralization post is obliged to:
follow the established service and technological passage routes;
comply with established safety requirements when on railway tracks;
at the time of shunting work or the movement of trains on the tracks of a railway station - carefully monitor the movements of the train (locomotive), signals given by the locomotive driver, the head of the shunting work (train compiler, freight train conductor), use information transmitted via public address and radio communications, go to a safe place in a timely manner;
observe safety precautions when in the area of oversized (dangerous) places on station tracks (indicated by warning signs “Caution! Oversized Place” and standard coloring in the form of alternating yellow and black stripes of equal width at an angle of 45 degrees);
Use a hand-held flashlight at night or in poor visibility conditions.
(clause 3.3 as amended by the order of JSC Russian Railways dated December 9, 2014 N 2902r)
3.4. If work is located (carried out) near guarded military trains located on railway tracks, it is necessary to:
carry out all commands of the guard, state the name and position,
present your ID and, in the dark, give the guard the opportunity to illuminate your face to verify your identity with the photo on the ID;
after permission from the guard, continue working next to the train in the presence of the guard.
3.5. The operator of the centralization post (when cleaning centralized turnouts, checking that the turnout is clear of rolling stock, switching the turnout with a curbel, etc.) must:
carry out work after coordinating their actions with the duty officer at the railway station or other employee specified in the railway station TPA;
Report the completion of work to the duty officer at the railway station (another employee) in person.
3.6. If it is necessary to be on a centralized switch (translation by courbel, checking the correct preparation of the route, inspection if it is impossible to transfer it from the remote control panel - in conditions of malfunction of signaling devices), the operator of the centralization post must:
follow the arrow along the established routes of the service (technological) passage,
when moving the arrow, be positioned facing the electric drive between tracks or on the side of the track, without moving inside the track;
when switching the switch, monitor the movement of trains and shunting units;
listen to messages via speakerphone and radio,
At night and in poor visibility conditions, use a hand-held flashlight.
3.7. During the passage of trains and shunting movements of rolling stock along turnouts and railway tracks, the operator of the centralization post must move in advance to a safe place on the side of the track or the middle of the track.
3.8. Security measures when cleaning centralized turnouts (when these responsibilities are assigned to the operator of the centralization post by a local document for the department).
Cleaning of turnouts is allowed to be carried out during breaks between the movement of trains, shunting movements and the dismantling of cars from the hump, as a rule, during daylight hours, at night - only in cases of emergency caused by adverse meteorological conditions (snowfall, blizzard, hurricane) . In this case, as well as during the day when visibility is poor (fog, snowstorm), the operator of the centralization post must install a lit hand-held lantern with red glass inside the track and, during daylight hours, fence off the work area with a red signal. The work is carried out in a team together with a signalman who ensures safety measures during work.
When cleaning centralized turnouts, the operator of the centralization post must:
notify the duty officer at the railway station about the start of work,
carry out the work after fencing the work area, wearing gloves and using serviceable equipment,
be located between tracks or on the side of the track, without moving inside the track, facing towards the expected departure of the rolling stock,
carry out work with extreme caution and within the frame rails between the retracted tip and the frame rail against the electric drive rods - lay a wooden insert,
Report the completion of work to the duty officer at the railway station in person.
3.9. In the event of a disruption in radio communication (no response from the station duty officer), the operator of the centralization post must take measures to stop work, contact the railway station duty officer through another employee free from technological operations, and report the lack of communication. Agree on the procedure for further operation and replacement of the radio station (if possible).
3.10. The operator of the centralization post must carry out work to secure cars on the railway tracks after they have completely stopped, coordinated actions with the workers involved in the technological operation, using serviceable brake shoes (brake stops).
When securing standing cars, the brake shoe must be grasped by the handle and the work must be done wearing combined gloves (mittens).
When securing cars to the tracks, it is prohibited to install brake shoes:
directly in front of the rail joint and at the rail joint;
in front of the turnout cross;
on the outer rail of the curve.
The operator of the centralization post is prohibited from:
install a brake shoe under moving cars,
when laying the brake shoe, go into the track rut,
place foreign objects under the wheel pairs instead of brake shoes to secure the cars.
Removal of brake shoes should be done with a special hook or with a hand wearing combined gloves (mittens), holding the handle of the brake shoe.
It is prohibited to use brake shoes:
with a burst head;
with a warped and bent sole;
with a burst, broken, flattened or bent toe of the sole;
with a loose connection between the head and the sole;
with or without a bent and broken handle;
with damaged or significantly worn sides of the sole.
The operator of the centralization station must store brake shoes used in work on special racks (in office premises) in accordance with the requirements of the technical and regulatory act of the railway station.
3.11. During the winter period, the operator of the centralization post must clear the assigned territory and the route of the service passage from snow and ice, as well as sprinkle sand during breaks between work and in the absence of shunting work, having previously agreed on this work with the shift manager.
4. Occupational safety requirements in emergency situations
4.1. Actions in the event of an accident or emergency.
4.1.1. The operator of the centralization post, having received information about the emergency situation, must act in accordance with the approved emergency response plan.
If there are victims, immediately take part in providing first aid to the victims, removing them from the danger zone, while observing personal safety measures.
4.1.2. If an incident (emergency situation) occurs in freight cars loaded with dangerous goods, the operator of the centralization post who detects signs of an emergency: steaming, a pungent odor, the hissing of compressed gas, a leak of dangerous cargo, must immediately report this, using any means of communication, to the shift manager or train station.
In case of fire, leakage, spillage of a hazardous substance, damage to containers or railway rolling stock with dangerous cargo and other incidents that may lead to an emergency (explosion, fire, poisoning, radiation, illness, burns, frostbite, death of people and animals, dangerous consequences for the natural environment), as well as in cases where wagons, containers or cargo units with dangerous goods are in the area of a railway accident, the operator of the centralization post must act promptly, in compliance with the safety measures established by the requirements of regulatory documents on the transportation of dangerous goods, transportation of radioactive substances and the procedure for eliminating emergency situations with dangerous goods.
In an emergency situation with dangerous goods, the operator of the centralization post must take into account the main forms of manifestation of the transport danger of goods, specific safety measures and precautions that must be observed when eliminating emergency situations with dangerous goods, given in group or individual emergency cards.
If the operator of the centralization post detects a spill or scattering of dangerous or harmful substances from the rolling stock on the territory of the station, in order to avoid evaporation and particles of these substances getting on the skin, it is necessary to bypass the dangerous place on the opposite side from the direction of the wind, immediately report the incident to the shift manager or the railway stations.
4.1.3. If a violation of the loading or unloading gauge is detected on the railway tracks, the operator of the centralization post must report to the duty officer at the railway station (shift manager), and, if necessary, to the train preparer (freight train conductor).
4.1.4. If suspicious objects are detected, it is necessary to isolate access to them and immediately notify the shift manager or the railway station. It is prohibited to carry out any actions with a detected suspicious item.
4.1.5. In the event of unauthorized movement of cars along the tracks, the operator of the centralization post must immediately, if possible, use the control panel to direct the cars to a dead end, report the departure to the duty officer at the railway station, indicating the track number and direction of movement of the cars.
4.1.6. If a situation arises that threatens the lives of people or the safety of trains, the operator of the centralization post is obliged to give a stop signal to the train or shunting train, immediately take measures to fence off the dangerous place and report to the shift manager or railway station.
4.1.7. The operator of the centralization post, who discovers a break in wires or other elements of the contact network, as well as foreign objects hanging from them, is obliged to immediately take measures to fence off the obstacle and report this to the duty officer at the railway station (shift manager). Before the repair team arrives, he fences off the dangerous place using any available means and makes sure that no one approaches the broken wires at a dangerous distance closer than 8 m.
If you get into the “stepping voltage” zone, you must leave it, observing the following safety measures: connect your feet together, slowly, move in small steps not exceeding the length of your foot, and, without lifting your feet from the ground, leave the danger zone.
4.1.8. During a thunderstorm, in order to avoid being struck by lightning, it is not allowed to hide under trees, lean against them, or approach lightning rods or high single objects (pillars) at a distance of less than 10 m, be in elevated places and open plains, hold or carry tools, etc. metal objects. It is necessary to take shelter in enclosed spaces, and if remote from them, in small depressions on the slopes of hills or slopes (slopes) of embankments or excavations.
4.1.9. To prevent emergency situations, the operator of the centralization station must comply with the technological process (map) of the station operation and the requirements of this Instruction.
4.2. List of first aid measures
1) Carry out measures to assess the situation and ensure safe conditions for providing first aid:
identify threatening factors for your own life and health;
identify threatening factors for the life and health of the victim;
eliminate (if possible) threats to life and health;
stop (if possible) the effects of damaging factors on the victim;
estimate the number of victims;
remove the victim from the vehicle or other hard-to-reach places (if possible);
move the victim (if necessary).
2) Call emergency medical care (if necessary, other special services whose employees are required to provide first aid in accordance with federal law).
3) Determine whether the victim has consciousness.
4) Carry out measures to restore airway patency and determine signs of life in the victim:
throw back your head with your chin up;
extend the lower jaw;
determine the presence of breathing using hearing, vision and touch;
determine the presence of blood circulation, check for the presence of a pulse in the main arteries.
5) Take measures to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation until signs of life appear:
hand pressure on the victim’s sternum;
mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration;
mouth-to-nose artificial respiration;
artificial respiration using an artificial respiration device.
6) Take measures to maintain airway patency:
giving a stable lateral position;
throwing back the head with lifting the chin;
protrusion of the lower jaw.
7) Carry out measures to visually examine the victim and temporarily stop external bleeding:
general examination of the victim for bleeding;
finger pressure of the artery;
application of a tourniquet;
maximum flexion of the limb at the joint;
direct pressure on the wound;
applying a pressure bandage.
8) Carry out measures for a detailed examination of the victim in order to identify signs of injuries, poisoning and other conditions that threaten his life and health, and to provide first aid if these conditions are identified:
conducting a head examination;
performing a neck examination;
performing a breast examination;
performing a back examination;
performing an examination of the abdomen and pelvis;
performing an examination of the extremities;
applying bandages for injuries to various areas of the body, including sealing the chest when injured;
carrying out immobilization (using improvised means, using medical products);
fixation of the cervical spine (manually, with improvised means, using medical devices;
stopping the victim's exposure to hazardous chemicals (gastric lavage by drinking water and inducing vomiting, removing from the damaged surface and rinsing the damaged surface with running water);
local cooling for injuries, thermal burns and other effects of high temperatures or thermal radiation;
thermal insulation against frostbite and other effects of low temperatures.
9) Give the victim an optimal body position.
10) Monitor the victim’s condition (consciousness, breathing, blood circulation) and provide psychological support.
11) Transfer the victim to an emergency medical team (if necessary, to other special services whose employees are required to provide first aid in accordance with federal law).
4.3. Actions to provide first aid to victims
4.3.1. Providing assistance in case of cardiac and respiratory arrest (resuscitation).
If the heart and breathing stop, vital functions (heartbeat, breathing) must be restored within 4 to 5 minutes.
To carry out resuscitation measures, it is necessary to lay the victim on a flat, hard surface, free the chest from clothing and perform indirect cardiac massage and artificial respiration.
Indirect cardiac massage is required to be carried out with palms placed one on top of the other, with straight arms and sharp pushes pressing on the area of the lower third of the sternum (pressure frequency 60 - 70 per minute).
When performing artificial respiration, it is necessary to free the victim’s mouth (with gauze or a handkerchief) from foreign bodies (blood clots, mucus, vomit, etc.), pinch the nose, grab the chin, throw back the victim’s head and make a quick, full exhalation into the mouth (preferably through gauze or scarf). After two or three deep blows into the victim’s mouth, it is necessary to apply 4 to 6 pressures in the chest area.
Resuscitation measures must be carried out until the arrival of medical personnel or until the victim has a pulse and spontaneous breathing.
4.3.2. If the victim receives a mechanical injury accompanied by bleeding, it is necessary to stop the bleeding.
a) In case of arterial bleeding (scarlet blood flows out of the wound in a pulsating stream), it is necessary to press the artery (carotid, brachial, femoral, etc.) with your fingers or fist and apply a tourniquet. The artery is pressed through clothing for a short period of time, followed by application of a tourniquet. The pressure points of the arteries are located on the extremities - above the site of bleeding, and on the neck and head - below the wound or in the wound.
b) It is forbidden to apply a tourniquet to a naked body. Before applying a tourniquet, you need to straighten the clothes on the limbs or place fabric without seams, take the tourniquet, wrap it around the limb and stretch it with force, make a loop around the limb above the wound, as close to it as possible. After pressing the first turn of the tourniquet, you need to make sure that there is no bleeding and apply the next turn of the tourniquet with less force and secure it - do not overtighten the limb. Under the top loop of the tourniquet, you need to insert a note about the time it was applied (date, hour, minutes). A tourniquet may be applied to a limb for no more than 1 hour. During long-term transportation (after 40 minutes in a warm place, after 30 minutes in a cold place), it is necessary to gradually loosen the tourniquet for several minutes, until drops of blood appear on the wound, and tighten it again slightly higher or lower than the previous place. Re-attach a note indicating the time for reapplication of the tourniquet.
If there is no tourniquet, you can use a belt (scarf, thick rope), twisting it with a stick with force to stop the bleeding. If the tourniquet is applied incorrectly (blue skin and swelling of the extremities), the tourniquet must be reapplied immediately.
When applying a tourniquet on the neck, you need to place a tampon (a package of bandage, a folded handkerchief) on the wound, raise the victim’s hand up on the opposite side of the wound and apply the tourniquet so that the turn of the tourniquet simultaneously covers the arm and neck, pressing the tampon on it.
When applying a tourniquet to the thigh, it is necessary to press the wound with a package of bandage (folded napkin), over which the tourniquet is applied to the limb.
c) In case of venous bleeding (blood is darker than in arterial bleeding, flows out of the wound slowly, in a continuous stream), it is necessary to raise the limb, apply a sterile napkin and a pressure bandage to the wound.
d) In case of nosebleeds, you need to squeeze the wings of the nose, apply a large cotton swab moistened with water or gauze (cloth) folded in several layers to the nose, and apply cold to the bridge of the nose.
e) In case of bleeding from internal organs (pallor of the skin, general weakness, rapid pulse, shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting), it is necessary to lay the victim down, create rest for him and put cold on his stomach.
4.3.3. Providing assistance with traumatic amputation of a limb.
In case of traumatic amputation of a limb (its individual segments), it is necessary to apply a tourniquet, a pressure gauze bandage, fix the limb using a splint or improvised means (if the arm is injured, it is necessary to raise the hand above the level of the heart), give an anesthetic, lay the victim down, ensure him peace and take measures to preserve the amputated segment. The amputated segment of the limb must be washed, wrapped in a wet cloth (sterile if possible), packaged in a plastic bag and covered with ice (snow). Ensure delivery of the amputated limb segment along with the victim to a specialized medical facility.
4.3.4. Assisting with injuries.
Protection of the wound from infection and contamination is achieved by applying a bandage. When applying a bandage, it is prohibited to remove foreign bodies from the wound if they do not lie freely on its surface, rinse the wound with water, or pour alcohol or any other solutions (including brilliant green and iodine) into the wound. It is necessary to do the dressing with clean hands (treated with alcohol or cologne). After wiping the skin around the wound with alcohol (cologne), moving in the direction away from the wound, lubricate the edges of the wound with iodine tincture, apply gauze pads (sterile if possible), bandage the wound tightly, taking into account that the bandage should not cut into the body and impede blood circulation.
a) In case of a penetrating wound to the abdomen, it is necessary to cover the wound with a gauze cloth (sterile if possible) and bandage the abdomen, but not too tightly so as not to compress the insides.
b) If the chest is wounded, it is necessary to cover the wound with a napkin (sterile if possible) with a thick layer of gauze and secure a material on top that does not allow air to pass through.
c) In case of eye injuries from sharp or piercing objects, as well as eye injuries due to severe bruises, the victim should be sent to a medical facility. The victim must be placed in a horizontal position, cover the eyes with a clean napkin (handkerchief), secure the napkin with a bandage, be sure to cover the other eye with the same bandage (to stop the movement of the eyeballs), and give an anesthetic. Do not wash puncture and cut wounds of the eyes and eyelids.
4.3.5. If a foreign body gets into the eye, you need to remove it with the tip of a handkerchief or rinse the eye with a stream of water directed from the outer corner of the eye to the nose, drip 3-4 drops of eye drops into the eye. If it is impossible to remove the foreign body, it is necessary to apply a bandage to both eyes. You should not try to remove scale or metal shavings from your eye yourself.
4.3.6. Assisting with fractures.
In case of fractures, it is necessary to free the victim from the effects of traumatic factors, give an anesthetic (for open fractures, stop the bleeding and apply a bandage), fix the limb with splints or improvised means (board, plywood, etc.). Apply splints to the injured limb with fixation of the joints below and above the fracture.
In case of hip fractures, the victim must be given a horizontal position, splints applied on both sides of the limb (from the outside, the splint is applied from the foot to the armpit), fixed tightly, evenly, but not tightly. If there is no splint, the injured leg is bandaged to the healthy limb, with soft material placed between them (folded clothing, cotton wool, foam rubber, etc.).
For fractures of the bones of the upper extremities, it is necessary to fix the arm in a bent position, bandaging it to the body (under clothing).
4.3.7. Assisting with head trauma.
In case of a head injury, it is necessary to lay the victim on his stomach and turn his head to the side from which more fluid is released. If there are wounds, apply a bandage to the head, apply cold, provide rest, apply heat to the feet, and limit the victim’s intake of fluids. It is necessary to monitor the pulse and breathing until the doctor arrives; if the pulse and breathing disappear, begin resuscitation.
4.3.8. Assisting with pressure on a limb.
When pressing on a limb, before releasing it (if the limb has been pressed for more than 15 minutes), cover it with ice packs (snow, cold water), give an anesthetic, plenty of warm drink, apply a tourniquet to the compressed limb above the place of pressure. Do not release a compressed limb until a tourniquet is applied and the victim receives a large amount of fluid and warm the compressed limb. If it is impossible to apply a tourniquet before releasing the compressed limb, it is necessary to immediately apply a tourniquet after releasing the compression, tightly bandage the injured limb, apply cold, and give plenty of warm fluids.
4.3.9. Assisting with bone injuries.
If the pelvic bones and hip joints are damaged, it is necessary to provide the victim with complete rest, place a cushion of clothing under the knees, cover from the cold, remove blood and mucus from the mouth and nose.
In case of spinal fractures, it is necessary to ensure complete rest in a supine position, on a rigid board.
In case of fractures of the pelvic bones, hips, spine, do not remove the victim’s clothes and do not allow him to move.
In case of dislocation, it is necessary to fix the limb in a motionless state; in case of sprain, it is necessary to apply a tight bandage to the sprain site and apply cold.
For small wounds and abrasions, treat the skin around them with an alcohol solution of iodine, apply a bactericidal adhesive plaster or bandage.
4.3.10. Assisting with burns.
a) Thermal burns.
For first-degree burns without compromising the integrity of the burn blisters, it is necessary to place the burned part of the body under a stream of cold water for 10 - 15 minutes or apply cold water for 20 - 30 minutes. Do not lubricate the burned surface.
For second-degree burns (blisters filled with liquid form), it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage to the burned area of the victim and apply cold. You cannot rip off the remnants of clothing from the burned skin, wash the burn surface, sprinkle it, lubricate it with anything, bandage it, apply a plaster, open the burn blisters, or peel off the skin.
In case of severe burns, apply a sterile bandage to the burned area, apply ice and immediately send the victim to a medical facility.
In case of eye burns from flame, steam, water, oils, or flammable mixtures, it is necessary to rinse the eye under running cold water and give the victim an anesthetic.
b) In case of a chemical burn (exposure to acid, alkali, solvent, etc.), you must immediately remove clothing soaked in the chemical, rinse the burn surface generously under running cold water, give the victim plenty of drink in small portions (cold water, baking soda solutions or salt - 1 teaspoon per 1 liter of water). Do not use solutions of acids and alkalis to neutralize the chemical agent on the victim’s skin.
In case of burns with phosphorus (phosphorus flares up on the skin and causes a double burn: chemical and thermal), it is necessary to immediately rinse the burned area under running cold water for 10 - 15 minutes, remove pieces of phosphorus using an object, and apply a bandage.
For burns caused by quicklime, remove the lime with a piece of dry cloth and treat the burn surface with vegetable or animal oil. Lime should not be allowed to come into contact with moisture (a violent chemical reaction will occur, which will intensify the injury).
In case of eye burns with acids, alkalis, household chemicals, aerosols, it is necessary to carefully part the eyelids and place the eye under a stream of cold water so that the water flows from the nose to the outer corner of the eye, drip 3 - 4 drops of eye drops into the eye and give to the victim for oral administration pain reliever. Neutralizing liquid must not be used.
For eye burns from lime, calcium carbide, or potassium permanganate crystals, it is necessary to quickly and thoroughly remove particles of the substance from the eye with a cotton swab. Do not wet the eye or rinse it with water.
4.3.11. Providing assistance in case of poisoning.
In case of poisoning with gasoline, kerosene, solvents, cleaners (characteristic bad breath, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, unsteadiness of gait, in severe cases, loss of consciousness, convulsions), in the absence of consciousness, it is necessary to put the victim on his stomach, apply cold to the head, in the presence of consciousness - give up to 3 liters of cold water to drink, induce vomiting to cleanse the stomach, offer the victim to rinse his mouth, give 20 - 30 tablets of activated carbon (for poisoning with gasoline, kerosene, etc.), drink plenty of fluids (2 - 3 liters of sweet tea) . You should not consume milk, kefir, vegetable and animal fats, which enhance the absorption of poison.
In case of food poisoning, it is necessary to induce artificial vomiting in the victim and rinse the stomach, giving him to drink a large amount (6 glasses) of warm water tinted with potassium permanganate, or a weak solution of baking soda, and give him 5 tablets of activated carbon to drink.
In case of acid poisoning, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the stomach with water and give the victim an enveloping agent: milk, raw eggs.
In case of gas poisoning, the victim must be taken out of the room into fresh air or a draft must be created in the room by opening windows and doors.
In all cases of poisoning, the victim must be sent to a medical facility.
4.3.12. First aid for electric shock.
You cannot begin providing first aid without freeing the victim from the effects of electric current and ensuring your own safety.
In case of electric shock, it is necessary, observing safety precautions, to stop the impact of electric current on the victim (for voltages up to 1000 V - turn off the voltage, use an insulating rod (dry non-conducting object) to remove the wire from the victim; above 1000 V - wear dielectric gloves, rubber boots or galoshes, take an insulating rod or insulating pliers, short-circuit the wires of 6 - 20 kV overhead lines using the throw method according to special instructions), without touching the victim with bare hands, drag him by dry clothes at least 8 meters from the place where the wire touches the ground or from the equipment located under voltage.
If the victim is at a height, then releasing him from the action of the current can cause a fall from a height, so it is necessary to take measures to prevent additional injuries - provide lighting from another source (taking into account the explosion hazard of the room), without delaying the shutdown of the installation and the provision of assistance.
When located and moving in the “stepping voltage” zone (within a radius of 8 meters from the point of contact of the electric wire with the ground), it is required to move in dielectric boots or galoshes, or in a “goose step” (the heel of the walking leg, without leaving the ground, is placed against the toe of the other legs). You cannot lift your feet off the ground and take steps that exceed the length of your feet.
After releasing the victim from the action of the electric current, depending on his condition, it is necessary to provide him with first aid. The victim should unbutton his clothes and provide fresh air. If breathing stops and the heart stops, the victim must undergo artificial respiration and chest compressions until natural breathing is restored or until a doctor arrives. After the victim regains consciousness, it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage to the site of the electrical burn and take measures to eliminate possible mechanical damage (bruises, fractures). A victim of electrical injury, regardless of his health and lack of complaints, should be sent to a medical facility.
4.3.13. First aid for health related conditions.
a) In case of fainting (the causes are lack of oxygen in the air, a drop in blood pressure, blood loss, including internal bleeding, pain and mental trauma), it is necessary to place the victim in a lying position, unfasten clothes and belt, provide access to fresh air and an elevated position of the lower legs. limbs, give ammonia for inhalation, press on the painful point under the nose or massage it. If the victim does not regain consciousness within 3 - 4 minutes, it is necessary to turn him over on his stomach and apply cold to the head. If you have abdominal pain or repeated fainting (possible internal bleeding), you need to put cold on your stomach (a bottle or bag of cold water or snow). If you faint from hunger, give sweet tea and provide rest (do not feed).
b) In case of heat stroke, sunstroke (weakness, drowsiness, headache, thirst, nausea, possible increased breathing, increased temperature, loss of consciousness), the victim must be moved (transferred) to a cool place, apply cold to the head, neck, chest (you can pour a bucket of cold water on your chest). In case of convulsions, turn the victim on his stomach and press the shoulder girdle and head to the floor. If there is a loss of consciousness for more than 3-4 minutes, it is necessary to turn the victim onto his stomach.
c) In case of an epileptic seizure (sudden loss of consciousness with a characteristic cry before a fall; often dilated pupils, convulsions, involuntary body movements, foamy discharge from the mouth, involuntary urination, after an attack - short-term memory loss), it is necessary to move the patient away from dangerous objects and turn him on his side, place a soft object under your head.
d) In case of hypothermia, it is necessary to cover the victim, offer a warm sweet drink or food with a high sugar content, quickly deliver him to a warm room, take off clothes in the room, rub the body, if possible, place the victim in a bath with water at 35 - 40 ° C or cover him a large number of warm heating pads (plastic bottles), cover the victim with a warm blanket, put warm, dry clothes on him and continue to give warm sweet drinks.
e) In case of frostbite of the extremities (the skin is pale and cold, there is no pulse at the wrists and ankles, loss of sensitivity), it is necessary to take the victim to a room with a low temperature, do not remove clothes and shoes from frostbitten extremities, cover the damaged extremities from external heat with a cooled heat-insulating bandage with a large a quantity of cotton wool or blankets, clothes and give plenty of warm drinks, force them to move, give an anesthetic. Do not rub or lubricate frostbitten skin with anything, place frostbitten limbs in warm water or cover them with heating pads.
4.3.14. For insect and snake bites, you need to wash the bite site (for a bee sting, remove the sting safely). When bitten by a snake, it is necessary to lay the victim down, provide him with rest, apply a bandage (not too tight) to the bite site; if bitten by a limb, be sure to apply a splint and give the limb an elevated position, give plenty of drink (sweet or salted water). If you lose consciousness, you need to put the victim on his stomach and turn his head to the side. If there is no breathing or heartbeat, begin resuscitation and avoid cooling or warming the bite site.
4.3.15. In all cases of electric shock, mechanical injuries, severe thermal and chemical burns, poisoning with toxic liquids, gases and eye injuries, the victim must be urgently taken to the nearest medical facility.
4.4. Actions in case of fire.
4.4.1. When a fire is detected, the operator of the centralization post must:
immediately report this to the fire department by telephone to transmit a message in the established manner (in this case, you must indicate the location of the fire, as well as your last name), the shift manager in accordance with the requirements of the instructions on fire safety measures (local),
take measures to extinguish the fire (except for cases of fire of dangerous goods) using the available primary fire extinguishing means, as well as evacuate people and material assets, service documentation.
4.4.2. When using air-foam (powder, carbon dioxide) fire extinguishers, direct the stream of foam (powder, carbon dioxide) away from people. If foam (powder, carbon dioxide) gets on unprotected areas of the body, you must wipe it off with a handkerchief (cloth) and rinse thoroughly with clean water.
In rooms with internal fire hydrants, it is necessary to involve two workers to extinguish a fire: one rolls out the hose from the tap to the place of the fire, the second, at the command of the one who rolls out the hose, opens the tap.
When extinguishing a fire with sand: the scoop or shovel should not be raised to eye level to avoid sand getting into them.
When a person’s clothing catches fire, it is necessary to extinguish the fire as quickly as possible, but you should not put out the flame with unprotected hands. Clothes that ignite must be quickly discarded, torn off, or extinguished by pouring water. A thick cloth, blanket, or tarpaulin can be thrown over a person wearing burning clothes, which must be removed after the flame has been extinguished.
4.4.3. If a fire occurs near the contact network, you must immediately notify the duty officer at the railway station (shift manager) or the head of the railway station.
4.4.4. Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of more than 8 m from the contact network and overhead power lines that are energized is allowed with any fire extinguishers without removing the voltage. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the stream of water or foam does not approach the contact network and other live parts at a distance of less than 2 m.
Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of less than 2 meters from the contact network is permitted only with carbon dioxide and powder fire extinguishers. Extinguishing burning objects with water, chemical, foam or air-foam fire extinguishers is possible only when the voltage is removed from the contact network, after it is grounded in the prescribed manner. When using carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, it is prohibited to grasp the fire extinguisher mouth and bring the mouth closer than 1 m to the contact network.
When unenergized electrical equipment with voltages up to 1000 V catches fire, powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be used.
When extinguishing live electrical installations, it is necessary to maintain a safe distance from the spray nozzle to live parts in accordance with the recommendations of the fire extinguisher manufacturer. Do not touch the fire extinguisher horn.
5. Labor protection requirements upon completion of work
5.1. Upon completion of work, the centralization station operator must:
put signaling accessories, equipment and devices in places specially designated for them or hand them over to a replacement employee,
hand over duty in accordance with the established procedure to the employee taking over the shift,
wash your hands, face with soap and water or take a shower,
take off your overalls and put them in the closet,
follow the service passage route from work.
5.2. The operator of the centralization post must submit contaminated and faulty special clothing and shoes for washing, dry cleaning or repair according to the procedure established in the department.
5.3. To maintain skin in good condition after work, the operator of the centralization post must use various protective ointments and creams (established according to the results of workplace certification for working conditions).
5.4. The operator of the centralization post must report to the shift manager about all violations of the production process, internal labor regulations and labor protection requirements discovered during work, and the measures taken to eliminate them.
1. What is the name of your profession (position)?
My profession is called Centralization Post Operator.
2. What is your job and what are your responsibilities?
My job is to prepare a route for a shunting diesel locomotive. Previously, this was done by switchmen who manually moved the arrows... Each one was assigned several switches, and each time to prepare the route they had to run ahead of the diesel locomotive and “throw the counterweights.”
Now, thanks to technological progress, I alone do all the work of preparing routes for the odd park.
Under my control there are five switches and five tracks for securing the cars with “shoes”. For “consolidation,” there used to be a separate position, “Shoemakers,” whose responsibilities were now distributed between us and the train compilers. Therefore, it turns out that now I am fulfilling the duties of five or six people at the same time.
3. What education is required to obtain your position?
To work as an operator, you must receive a railway education, at least at the technical school level. And undergo an internship directly at the workplace.
4. Describe your work day.
My working day (like all railway workers) begins with a safety briefing and taking over the shift from the previous operator. The “fixing log” and the “brake shoe log” are accepted and taken very carefully, because for the loss of such a shoe, at best, there will be a severe reprimand, and at worst, criminal liability. The rest of the shift proceeds rather routinely, maneuvers and fastenings, fastenings and maneuvers. I’m sitting at the control panel and switching the toggle switch for changing the arrows, nothing complicated, everywhere there is a blocking against “incorrect preparation of the route” and “turning the arrow under the train”…. But there are treacherous situations in which automation is not an assistant, so you must always carefully monitor what you are doing. The hardest time is at night, when everyone wants to sleep, and it becomes more difficult to control each other, and the monotonous switching of toggle switches and “mumbling” into the walkie-talkie simply puts you to sleep...
5. How comfortable are your working conditions (all day on the street, or in the office with a cup of coffee)?
Of course, my “post” is not an office, but it’s warm and clean inside, there’s a kettle and the opportunity to drink some tea and treat the compilers if they have a “window” in their work. For a hot cup of tea after a frosty street, a lot is forgiven, and in case of problems, I can always count on them.
6. What do you like most about your business?
I like a good, friendly team, necessary and responsible work, and a schedule, “Day, night, two days at home.” In general, I like my work.
7. What do you dislike most about your business?
Yes, probably, like everyone else on night shifts.... It's very difficult mentally. Especially in the morning, it is at this time that, according to statistics, there are the most breakdowns and accidents.
8. If it’s not a secret, what is your salary level (is it enough to write whether you’re satisfied or not)?
My salary is small, and to be honest, it’s always not enough. But over time, there will be an additional payment for length of service, and they have also promised our station (for many years now) to improve its class..... So I’m working, one might say, for the future.
9. Describe your team, what people work with you?
As I wrote above, our team is friendly. The work is difficult, and you can’t do it without team spirit and a sense of community. Therefore, some come and go, but the best of the best remain, capable of not only doing their job, but also helping others.
10. What human qualities, in your opinion, are most important in your business?
What is important for my work is, first of all, attentiveness and tolerance of monotonous work without losing vigilance, and of course the ability to get along with people...
11. Work gives me additional opportunities (here is everything that work gives you besides money, from self-expression and communication with interesting people to the opportunity to visit different countries).
My job does not provide any special opportunities. Only a discounted fare once a year, but that’s also a lot. Every year I go somewhere on vacation, and a free road comes in handy for this...
12. You have the opportunity to rate your work on a five-point scale, what rating would you give?
I think four would be quite fair. This kind of work is certainly not the ultimate dream, but I like it, and as a first step on the career ladder, it is quite suitable.
13. Why did you choose this job?
Probably because we have a family of hereditary railway workers, on the maternal side. Since childhood, I have heard conversations about diesel locomotive trains, switches and hauls... Somehow everything was put aside, and when the time came to choose a profession, no questions arose.
I would probably attach my job description, but, firstly, a non-railroad worker would not understand it, and secondly, this is a lot, a lot of writing. 🙂
So, perhaps, there is nothing more to add.
No. 2630r dated December 20, 2012 - On approval of the Labor Safety Instructions for the operator of the centralization post of JSC Russian Railways
INSTRUCTIONS on labor protection for the operator of the centralization post of JSC Russian Railways
(IOT Russian Railways - 4100612 - TsD - 018 - 2012)
1. General labor protection requirements
1.1. This Instruction has been developed in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, labor protection rules in transportation and establishes the basic labor protection requirements when performing work by the operator of the centralization post of JSC Russian Railways (hereinafter referred to as the operator of the centralization post).
Based on this Instruction, in accordance with the Rules for the development, construction, execution and designation of regulatory documents on labor protection, approved by the order of JSC Russian Railways dated December 29, 2011 No. 2849r, and other regulatory documents of JSC Russian Railways, the head of a structural unit organizes the development and labor safety instructions are approved for the operator of the centralization post, taking into account local conditions for a specific workplace and job responsibilities.
1.2. The following are allowed to work independently as a centralization post operator:
persons who have reached the age of eighteen;
having at least secondary vocational (technical) education;
past:
mandatory preliminary (upon employment) medical examination;
introductory and initial briefings on labor protection and fire safety;
internship in labor protection;
initial testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements.
If there is a break in work for more than 1 year, the operator of the centralization post must undergo an internship in labor protection and a test of knowledge of labor protection requirements.
1.3. During the course of his work, the operator of the centralization post undergoes the following in accordance with the established procedure:
periodic medical examinations (examinations); repeated instructions on labor protection (at least once every three months);
unscheduled briefing on labor protection;
training in labor protection during technical studies and advanced training in the profession;
another test of knowledge of labor protection requirements.
1.4. The operator of the centralization post is obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations established in the structural unit, know his rights, responsibilities, and bear responsibility in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for failure to perform or improper performance of his duties.
The operator of the centralization post is not allowed to perform his job duties while under the influence of alcohol, drugs or toxic substances. If an operator of a centralization post is identified at the workplace in a state of alcohol, drug or toxic intoxication, he is suspended from work and removed from the territory of the unit in accordance with the procedure determined by the structural unit.
When working outdoors in the cold season at low temperatures, breaks for heating are provided to prevent cooling and frostbite. The duration and procedure for providing such breaks are established by internal labor regulations or a local document of the structural unit.
1.5. The operator of the centralization post must know, within the scope of his job responsibilities:
Labor Code of the Russian Federation; internal labor regulations;
regulatory documents of JSC Russian Railways, the railway, the Central Traffic Control Directorate on the organization of train traffic and shunting work;
technical administrative act and technological process (technological map) of the operation of a railway station;
rules and instructions on labor protection, sanitary standards and regulations, including the requirements of these Instructions;
the effect on humans of dangerous and harmful production factors that arise during work and measures to protect against their influence; safe work practices;
visible and sound signals ensuring the safety of train movement, as well as the procedure for fencing obstacles to train movement that have arisen on the railway track;
requirements for electrical safety, fire safety, fire regulations, industrial sanitation;
actions in response to emergencies involving dangerous goods; civil defense issues and emergency response; methods and measures to provide first aid to victims;
location of primary fire extinguishing equipment, storage of first aid kits;
instructions and other regulatory documents establishing the job responsibilities of the slide operator.
1.6. The operator of the centralization post is obliged to:
perform work included in his job responsibilities and assigned by the managers of the railway station and shift;
apply safe practices when performing work and technological operations;
keep equipment, radio station, tools, workwear, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment in good condition and cleanliness;
comply with the requirements of prohibiting, warning, indicating and prescriptive signs, inscriptions, visible and sound signals;
be extremely careful in areas where railway rolling stock and vehicles move;
walk through the territory of the railway station along established routes of service (technological) passage, pedestrian tunnels, bridges and crossings;
comply with fire safety requirements, have the skills to use fire-fighting equipment and inventory;
know and comply with the safety measures and procedures established by the technological documentation and these Instructions;
fulfill the duties of an employee in the field of labor protection established by Article 214 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, including:
compliance with labor protection requirements;
correct use of personal and collective protective equipment;
completion of training in safe methods of performing work and providing first aid to victims, instruction on labor protection, internship and testing of knowledge of labor protection requirements;
immediately notifying your immediate or superior manager about any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about every accident that occurs at work, or about a deterioration in your health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute occupational disease (poisoning);
undergoing mandatory preliminary (upon employment) and periodic medical examinations.
1.7. During the work process, the operator of the centralization post may be affected by the following dangerous and harmful production factors:
moving railway rolling stock, vehicles;
increased noise level;
increased or decreased air temperature; increased humidity and air mobility.
In the event of an emergency, the operator of the centralization post may be exposed to hazardous factors of explosion, fire, and chemicals.
1.8. To prevent or reduce exposure to harmful and/or
hazardous production factors, as well as for protection against pollution, the head of the structural unit ensures the purchase at the expense of the unit and issuance to the operator of the centralization post of certified personal protective equipment (special clothing, special shoes) in accordance with the established “Standard standards for the free issuance of certified special clothing, special shoes and other personal protective equipment for workers
railway transport of the Russian Federation, engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, as well as work performed in special temperature conditions or related to
pollution" dated October 22, 2008 No. 582/n:
Set “Dvizhenets-J1” or 1
Suit “Flaw detector-Jl” 1
Water protection raincoat 1 for 3 years
Yuft boots with polyurethane soles 1 pair
PVC boots or 1 pair
Rubber boots 1 pair
Combined gloves or 12 pairs
Polymer coated gloves 12 pairs
Signal headdress 1 for 2 years
Signal vest 2 protection class 2
In winter additionally:
Set for protection against low temperatures on belts
"Mover" or
Suit for protection against low temperatures with belts
"Flaw detectorist"
Short fur coat or belted
Short coat with fur lining, or belted
Jacket with fur lining at the waist
Ushanka hat with sound-conducting inserts on the belts
Insulated mittens or belted
Gloves with insulated belts
Yuft boots insulated with oil-freeze resistant belts
sole or
Felt boots (felt boots) with rubber bottom at the waist
1.9. The personal protective equipment (PPE) issued to the centralization station operator must be appropriate to the size, gender of the worker, and the nature and conditions of the work performed.
In order to ensure timely washing and dry cleaning of special clothing, it is allowed to issue to the operator of the centralization post two sets of special clothing for twice the period of wear (the issuance procedure is regulated by the administrative document of the head of the structural unit).
1.10. Personal and work special clothing and shoes should be stored separately in wardrobes. During the operation of personal protective equipment, the operator of the centralization post must monitor their serviceability, keep them clean and in order.
1.11. The operator of the centralization post is not allowed to perform work without personal protective equipment, as well as in faulty, unrepaired or contaminated personal protective equipment.
He must notify the head of the railway station about the failure (malfunction) of personal protective equipment.
1.12. Special clothing and footwear issued to the operator of the centralization post are the property of JSC Russian Railways and are subject to mandatory return upon expiration of the wearing period, as well as upon dismissal or transfer to another job for which the issued personal protective equipment is not provided for by standard standards.
1.13. The operator of the centralization post must comply with the following fire safety requirements:
smoke in places specially designated for this purpose, marked “Smoking area”, provided with fire extinguishing equipment and equipped with trash cans or boxes with sand (defined by the local document for the department);
operate household electrical equipment authorized by the head of the structural unit in accordance with the instructions (passport) for its operation;
Do not leave electrical heating devices plugged in unattended.
1.14. The operator of the centralization post is prohibited from:
use faulty, homemade, loose or exposed wires, electrical wiring insulation that is damaged or has lost its protective properties, household electrical appliances, switches, circuit breakers, plug sockets and other electrical equipment;
use electric stoves, electric kettles and other electrical appliances that do not have protection devices, without stands made of non-combustible materials;
store explosive substances, flammable and combustible liquids in office premises;
approach rolling stock, track machines, flammable materials and containers with flammable and combustible liquids with an open flame.
1.15. During the work process, the operator of the centralization post must comply with the rules of personal hygiene, sanitary requirements for storing and eating food. Meals should be eaten in canteens, buffets, or in specially designated rooms (places) with appropriate equipment. Before eating, you should wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.
The operator of the centralization post should drink boiled water stored in special closed tanks (containers) protected from dust and other harmful substances. It is allowed to use bottled water or unboiled water from a household water supply if there is permission for this consumption from the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
1.16. When located on railway tracks, the operator of the centralization post is obliged to:
be vigilant while walking along the paths; walk along specially established service or technological passage routes;
comply with the requirements of safety signs and warning painting applied to structures and devices, pay attention to devices and objects located along the route: limit posts, turnouts, drainage trays and wells, signaling devices, centralization and blocking, overhead contact networks, oversized places and other obstacles (the list of oversized places is indicated in the unit’s labor safety instructions);
walk along the railway tracks on the side of the track or in the middle of the track, while keeping an eye on the approaching rolling stock, objects protruding beyond the outline of the dimensions of the rolling stock (open doors, sides of cars, tie-down wire and other objects),
when approaching rolling stock or during shunting movements:
move to the side of the track or to another inter-track in advance so as not to find yourself between mobile units simultaneously moving along adjacent tracks and not to be in the area of an oversized (dangerous) place,
timely move to a safe distance, wait for the rolling stock to pass or stop, and then continue moving;
finding yourself on the route of a train with a speed of up to 140 km/h, a shunting train or a locomotive, before they approach (at a distance of at least 400 m), move to a safe place (to the side of the track, the middle of the track), stay at a distance of at least 2, 5 meters from the outermost rail of the track along which the rolling stock moves;
when you are on a track adjacent to the route of a high-speed train (more than 140 km/h), when informed by the station duty officer, stop working and step aside at a distance of at least 5 meters from the outermost rail of the track;
if you are in a gap between trains, locomotives and other moving units moving along adjacent tracks, immediately sit down (lie down) on the ground in the gap;
cross the railway tracks perpendicular to the track axis (at a right angle), having first made sure that there is no rolling stock moving at a dangerous distance (less than 400 meters) in this place, stepping over the rails without stepping on the ends of the reinforced concrete sleepers;
when crossing a track occupied by stationary rolling stock, use serviceable transition platforms of cars, having first made sure that the handrails, steps and floor of the platform are in good condition, that they are not icy or snow-covered;
rise and descend from the transition platform of a stationary car, holding the handrails, turning to face the car, having previously inspected the derailment site and made sure that there are no approaching rolling stock along the adjacent railway track and obstacles in the intertrack or on the side of the track, in the dark, illuminate the derailment site manually a lantern;
walk around groups of cars or locomotives standing on the railway track at a distance of at least 5 m from the automatic coupler;
pass between uncoupled cars in the middle of the gap, if there is a distance between the automatic couplers of these cars of at least 10 m;
monitor traffic lights, sound signals, position of turnouts, signs;
comply with the requirements of safety signs, visible and sound signals;
be attentive and careful when on the tracks in poor visibility, heavy snowfalls, fog and strong noise created by operating equipment, passing rolling stock, in winter, when hats impair the audibility of signals.
1.17. While on the railway tracks, the operator of the centralization post is prohibited from:
cross or run across railway tracks directly in front of moving rolling stock (locomotive, motor locomotive, trolley, etc.) or immediately behind a passing train, without making sure that no rolling stock is moving along the adjacent railway track;
sit on and get off the steps of carriages or locomotives while moving;
crawl (crawl) under carriages, climb onto or under automatic couplers, cross tracks along carriage frames;
stand or sit on rails and ends of sleepers, ballast prism, floor devices;
to be in between tracks when trains are moving non-stop along adjacent railway tracks;
be within the size of the rolling stock;
cross railway tracks within turnouts;
stand between the point and the frame rail, the movable core and the guardrail, or in the grooves on the switch; step on electrical wires and cables;
be on the territory of the railway station (non-public tracks) in places marked with the sign “Caution! Oversized place”, as well as near dangerous places when passing rolling stock;
use cellular and radiotelephone communications, audio and video players and other devices not provided for by technological processes.
1.18. When exiting onto the railway tracks of a station from a service building (premises), due to rolling stock, buildings and structures, as well as during heavy fog, rain, snowfall, blizzards that make it difficult to see and hear warning signals, approaching rolling stock, before crossing the railway path required:
first make sure that there is no moving (on both sides) rolling stock,
When a rolling stock approaches, stop and let it pass.
In the dark, when leaving the premises, before approaching the railway track to cross, you must stop and wait until the visibility of surrounding objects is established; in places with limited illumination, use a hand-held flashlight.
1.19. When located on electrified railway tracks, the operator of the centralization post must comply with the following safety requirements:
do not climb onto contact line supports, the roof of a car, container or locomotive located under the contact wire;
do not approach yourself or with the help of the tools and devices used to live and unprotected wires or parts of the contact network at a distance closer than 2 m, and to broken wires touching the ground - closer than 8 m;
do not touch broken wires of the contact network and foreign objects located on them, regardless of whether they touch the ground and grounded structures or not;
Do not step on electrical wires and cables.
1.20. The operator of the centralization post is prohibited from:
be in a state of alcoholic, toxic or narcotic intoxication while performing duties;
touch broken or exposed wires, contacts and other live parts of electrical equipment;
start one-time work (on the instructions of the manager) that is not related to direct responsibilities, without receiving instructions from the manager on safety measures and implementation techniques;
allow unauthorized persons and foreign objects to be in the office premises;
use faulty tools and equipment in work.
1.21. The operator of the centralization post must store the tools (inventory) and equipment used in the work in specially designated areas.
1.22. In case of every industrial accident, the operator of the centralization post must immediately:
inform the shift manager or the railway station (if present at the station);
provide first aid to the victim (in accordance with the requirements of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development dated May 4, 2012 No. 477n “On approval of the list of conditions for which first aid is provided and the list of measures for providing first aid”) in case of: lack of consciousness, respiratory arrest, external bleeding, entry of a foreign body into the upper respiratory tract, injuries to various areas of the body, burns, effects of exposure to high temperatures, thermal radiation, frostbite and other effects of exposure to low temperatures and poisoning;
take measures to organize the delivery of the victim to a medical facility;
until the arrival of the head of the railway station, preserve the situation at the workplace and the condition of the equipment as they were at the time of the incident (if this does not threaten the life and health of surrounding workers and does not lead to an accident), if it is impossible to preserve the situation, record it (draw up diagrams, make photographs, take other measures), take urgent measures to prevent the development of an emergency situation and the impact of traumatic factors on other persons.
1.23. If violations of these Instructions are detected, as well as situations that create a danger to human life or are a prerequisite for an accident, the operator of the centralization post must immediately notify the shift manager or the railway station (if present at the station).
1.24. Knowledge and compliance with the requirements of rules and instructions on labor protection are the official responsibility of the operator of the centralization post.
If the requirements of this Instruction are not met, he bears responsibility in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. Labor protection requirements before starting work
2.1. The work area of the operator of the centralization post is the territory of the railway station (service passage routes, inter-tracks and roadsides of the railway station), sanitary and service premises (according to the technology of the work performed and job responsibilities). The working area in relation to local conditions is determined in the unit’s labor protection instructions.
2.2. The location of the targeted occupational safety briefing for the operator of the centralization post before starting work is determined in the unit’s occupational safety instructions.
2.3. The operator of the centralization post proceeds to the workplace for receiving duty and to the service premises along established service passage routes (the order is indicated in the unit’s labor protection instructions).
2.4. Before starting work, the operator of the centralization post must: check the serviceability of special clothing and shoes, signal
a vest with reflective pads and the logo of the structural unit and put it on;
fasten the overalls with all the buttons, tuck in the loose ends of the clothing so that they do not hang down and do not restrict movement;
put the signal vest over your clothes, fasten it completely; empty pockets of foreign objects with sharp edges, leave mobile phones and other electronic devices that reduce attention in the living room;
check, in accordance with the technological process and inventory, in the presence of the employee on duty, the serviceability of equipment, inventory, radio station, flashlight, signal accessories, the condition of the workplace, lighting and, in addition, check the presence and serviceability of seals on the devices;
During an external inspection, make sure that the lamp body and light-transmitting glass are intact, and also check the operation of its switch;
obtain information about the location of the rolling stock on the station tracks at the time of taking over the shift, the necessary instructions on the specifics of work taking into account weather conditions, report to the shift manager about the acceptance of duty and coordinate their further actions.
2.5. When standing on railway tracks during working hours, the headgear of the centralization station operator should not impair the audibility of sound signals; overalls and special footwear must be worn in full.
2.6. When working, the operator of the centralization post must have an official identification card and a labor safety warning card.
2.7. In the cold season of the year, with severe frosts, the operator of the centralization post must, before leaving the room, lubricate exposed areas of the body with a special ointment or cream against frostbite, and also cover his face with a jacket collar (scarf) and use insulated mittens.
2.8. At stations that have automated workstations equipped with personal computers (PCs) and video display terminals (VDTs), centralization station operators who have undergone initial training on labor safety instructions when working with PCs and VDTs are allowed to work.
2.9. The operator of the centralization post must report all identified violations regarding the maintenance of the workplace and shortcomings in labor protection (when accepting a shift and during work) to the person responsible for carrying out the 1st stage of three-stage labor protection control in the area of the railway station, according to the local document, for taking measures to eliminate them. If there is a danger to life or health, do not start work until the violation is eliminated.
3. Labor protection requirements during work
3.1. The operator of the centralization post must perform the work that is determined by his job responsibilities and assigned by the shift manager. When performing work, he must comply with the requirements of the technological process of the railway station and these Instructions.
3.2. Before the start of a technological break in work, the operator of the centralization post must report to his immediate supervisor about his location, and after its end - about his readiness to start work.
3.3. When located on the railway tracks of a station, the operator of the centralization post must:
observe safety measures when on railway tracks specified in paragraphs 1.16-1.17 of these Instructions;
during shunting work - closely monitor the movements of the shunting train, use the information transmitted via loudspeaker communication, the duty officer at the railway station, the head of the shunting work (train compiler, conductor (chief) of freight trains), and leave in a timely manner to a safe place.
During the arrival and departure of a train, the operator of the centralization post is obliged to move in advance from the edge of the platform to a distance of at least 1.5 m and the railway track - 2.5 m, turn to face the moving train and observe its movement.
3.4. If work is located (carried out) near guarded military trains located on railway tracks, it is necessary to:
carry out all the commands of the guard, give your name and position, present your ID, in the dark, give the guard the opportunity to illuminate your face to verify your identity with the photo on the ID;
after permission from the guard, continue working next to the train in the presence of the guard.
3.5. The operator of the centralization post (when cleaning centralized turnouts, checking that the turnout is clear of rolling stock, switching the turnout with a curbel, etc.) must:
carry out work after coordinating your actions with the duty officer at the railway station or other employee specified in the railway station TPA;
Report the completion of work to the duty officer at the railway station (another employee) in person.
3.6. If it is necessary to be on a centralized switch (translation by courbel, checking the correct preparation of the route, inspection if it is impossible to transfer it from the remote control panel - in conditions of malfunction of signaling devices), the operator of the centralization post must:
follow the arrow along the established routes of the service (technological) passage,
when moving the arrow, be positioned facing the electric drive between tracks or on the side of the track, without moving inside the track;
when switching the switch, monitor the movement of trains and shunting units;
listen to messages via loudspeaker and radio communications, use a hand-held flashlight in the dark and in poor visibility conditions.
3.7. During the passage of trains and shunting movements of rolling stock along turnouts and railway tracks, the operator of the centralization post must move in advance to a safe place on the side of the track or in the middle of the track.
3.8. Security measures when cleaning centralized turnouts (when these responsibilities are assigned to the operator of the centralization post by a local document for the department).
Cleaning of turnouts is allowed to be carried out during breaks between the movement of trains, shunting movements and the dismantling of cars from the hump, as a rule, during daylight hours, at night - only in cases of emergency caused by adverse meteorological conditions (snowfall, blizzard, hurricane) . In this case, as well as during the day when visibility is poor (fog, snowstorm), the operator of the centralization post must install a lit hand-held lantern with red glass inside the track and, during daylight hours, fence off the work area with a red signal. The work is carried out in a team together with a signalman who ensures safety measures during work.
When cleaning centralized turnouts, the operator of the centralization post must:
notify the duty officer at the railway station about the start of work,
carry out the work after fencing the work area, wearing gloves and using serviceable equipment,
be located between tracks or on the side of the track, without moving inside the track, facing towards the expected departure of the rolling stock,
carry out work with extreme caution and within the frame rails between the retracted tip and the frame rail against the electric drive rods - lay a wooden insert,
Report the completion of work to the duty officer at the railway station in person.
3.9. In the event of a disruption in radio communication (no response from the station duty officer), the operator of the centralization post must take measures to stop work, contact the railway station duty officer through another employee free from technological operations, and report the lack of communication. Agree on the procedure for further operation and replacement of the radio station (if possible).
3.10. The operator of the centralization post must carry out work to secure cars on the railway tracks after they have completely stopped, coordinated actions with the workers involved in the technological operation, using serviceable brake shoes (brake stops).
When securing standing cars, the brake shoe must be grasped by the handle and the work must be done wearing combined gloves (mittens).
When securing cars to the tracks, it is prohibited to install brake shoes:
directly in front of the rail joint and at the rail joint; in front of the turnout cross; on the outer rail of the curve.
The operator of the centralization station is prohibited from: installing the brake shoe under moving cars, entering the track when laying the brake shoe, placing foreign objects under the wheel pairs instead of the brake shoes to secure the cars.
Removal of brake shoes should be done with a special hook or with a hand wearing combined gloves (mittens), holding the handle of the brake shoe.
It is prohibited to operate brake shoes: with a broken head; with a warped and bent sole;
with a burst, broken, flattened or bent toe of the sole;
with a loose connection between the head and the sole; with or without a bent and broken handle; with damaged or significantly worn sides of the sole. The operator of the centralization station must store brake shoes used in work on special racks (in office premises) in accordance with the requirements of the technical and regulatory act of the railway station.
3.11. During the winter period, the operator of the centralization post must clear the assigned territory and the route of the service passage from snow and ice, as well as sprinkle sand during breaks between work and in the absence of shunting work, having previously agreed on this work with the shift manager.
4. Occupational safety requirements in emergency situations
4.1. Actions in the event of an accident or emergency.
4.1.1. The operator of the centralization post, having received information about the emergency situation, must act in accordance with the approved emergency response plan.
If there are victims, immediately take part in providing first aid to the victims, removing them from the danger zone, while observing personal safety measures.
4.1.2. If an incident (emergency situation) occurs in freight cars loaded with dangerous goods, the operator of the centralization post who detects signs of an emergency: steaming, a pungent odor, the hissing of compressed gas, a leak of dangerous cargo, must immediately report this, using any means of communication, to the shift manager or train station.
In case of fire, leakage, spillage of a hazardous substance, damage to containers or railway rolling stock with dangerous cargo and other incidents that may lead to an emergency (explosion, fire, poisoning, radiation, illness, burns, frostbite, death of people and animals, dangerous consequences for the natural environment), as well as in cases where wagons, containers or cargo units with dangerous goods are in the area of a railway accident, the operator of the centralization post must act promptly, in compliance with the safety measures established by the requirements of regulatory documents on the transportation of dangerous goods, transportation of radioactive substances and the procedure for eliminating emergency situations with dangerous goods.
In an emergency situation with dangerous goods, the operator of the centralization post must take into account the main forms of manifestation of the transport danger of goods, specific safety measures and precautions that must be observed when eliminating emergency situations with dangerous goods, given in group or individual emergency cards.
If the operator of the centralization post detects a spill or scattering of dangerous or harmful substances from the rolling stock on the territory of the station, in order to avoid evaporation and particles of these substances getting on the skin, it is necessary to bypass the dangerous place on the opposite side from the direction of the wind, immediately report the incident to the shift manager or the railway stations.
4.1.3. If a violation of the loading or unloading gauge is detected on the railway tracks, the operator of the centralization post must report to the duty officer at the railway station (shift manager), and, if necessary, to the train preparer (freight train conductor).
4.1.4. If suspicious objects are detected, it is necessary to isolate access to them and immediately notify the shift manager or the railway station. It is prohibited to carry out any actions with a detected suspicious item.
4.1.5. In the event of unauthorized movement of cars along the tracks, the operator of the centralization post must immediately, if possible, use the control panel to direct the cars to a dead end, report the departure to the duty officer at the railway station, indicating the track number and direction of movement of the cars.
4.1.6. If a situation arises that threatens the lives of people or the safety of trains, the operator of the centralization post is obliged to give a stop signal to the train or shunting train, immediately take measures to fence off the dangerous place and report to the shift manager or railway station.
4.1.7. The operator of the centralization post, who discovers a break in wires or other elements of the contact network, as well as foreign objects hanging from them, is obliged to immediately take measures to fence off the obstacle and report this to the duty officer at the railway station (shift manager). Before the repair team arrives, he fences off the dangerous place using any available means and makes sure that no one approaches the broken wires at a dangerous distance closer than 8 m.
If you find yourself in a “step voltage” zone, you must leave it, observing the following safety measures: put your feet together, slowly, move in small steps not exceeding the length of your foot, and, without lifting your feet from the ground, leave the danger zone.
4.1.8. During a thunderstorm, in order to avoid being struck by lightning, it is not allowed to hide under trees, lean against them, or approach lightning rods or high single objects (pillars) at a distance of less than 10 m, be in elevated places and open plains, hold or carry tools, etc. metal objects. It is necessary to take shelter in enclosed spaces, and if remote from them, in small depressions on the slopes of hills or slopes (slopes) of embankments or excavations.
4.1.9. To prevent emergency situations, the operator of the centralization station must comply with the technological process (map) of the station operation and the requirements of this Instruction.
4.2. List of first aid measures
1) Carry out measures to assess the situation and ensure safe conditions for providing first aid:
identify threatening factors for your own life and health;
identify threatening factors for the life and health of the victim;
eliminate (if possible) threats to life and health;
stop (if possible) the effects of damaging factors on the victim;
estimate the number of victims;
remove the victim from the vehicle or other hard-to-reach places (if possible);
move the victim (if necessary).
2) Call emergency medical care (if necessary, other special services whose employees are required to provide first aid in accordance with federal law).
3) Determine whether the victim has consciousness.
4) Carry out measures to restore airway patency and determine signs of life in the victim:
throw back your head with your chin up; extend the lower jaw;
determine the presence of breathing using hearing, vision and touch; determine the presence of blood circulation, check for the presence of a pulse in the main arteries.
5) Take measures to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation until signs of life appear:
hand pressure on the victim’s sternum; mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration; mouth-to-nose artificial respiration;
artificial respiration using a breathing device
6) Take measures to maintain airway patency:
giving a stable lateral position; throwing back the head with lifting the chin; protrusion of the lower jaw.
7) Carry out measures to visually examine the victim and temporarily stop external bleeding:
general examination of the victim for bleeding; finger pressure of the artery; application of a tourniquet;
maximum flexion of the limb at the joint; direct pressure on the wound; applying a pressure bandage.
8) Carry out measures for a detailed examination of the victim in order to identify signs of injuries, poisoning and other conditions that threaten his life and health, and to provide first aid in the event of
identifying these conditions: conducting a head examination; performing a neck examination; performing a breast examination; performing a back examination; performing an examination of the abdomen and pelvis; performing an examination of the extremities;
applying bandages for injuries to various areas of the body, including sealing the chest when injured;
carrying out immobilization (using improvised means, using medical products);
fixation of the cervical spine (manually, with improvised means, using medical devices;
stopping the victim's exposure to hazardous chemicals (gastric lavage by drinking water and inducing vomiting, removing from the damaged surface and rinsing the damaged surface with running water);
local cooling for injuries, thermal burns and other effects of high temperatures or thermal radiation;
thermal insulation against frostbite and other effects of low temperatures.
9) Give the victim an optimal body position.
10) Monitor the victim’s condition (consciousness, breathing, blood circulation) and provide psychological support.
11) Transfer the victim to an emergency medical team (if necessary, to other special services whose employees are required to provide first aid in accordance with federal law).
4.3. Actions to provide first aid to victims
4.3.1. Providing assistance in case of cardiac and respiratory arrest (resuscitation). If the heart and breathing stop, vital functions (heartbeat, breathing) must be restored within 4-5 minutes.
To carry out resuscitation measures, it is necessary to lay the victim on a flat, hard surface, free the chest from clothing and perform indirect cardiac massage and artificial respiration.
Indirect cardiac massage is required to be carried out with palms placed one on top of the other, with straight arms and sharp pushes pressing on the area of the lower third of the sternum (pressure frequency 60 - 70 per minute).
When performing artificial respiration, it is necessary to free the victim’s mouth (with gauze or a handkerchief) from foreign bodies (blood clots, mucus, vomit, etc.), pinch the nose, grab the chin, throw back the victim’s head and make a quick, full exhalation into the mouth (preferably through gauze or scarf). After two to three deep blows into the victim’s mouth, it is necessary to apply 4-6 pressures to the chest area.
Resuscitation measures must be carried out until the arrival of medical personnel or until the victim has a pulse and spontaneous breathing.
4.3.2. If the victim receives a mechanical injury accompanied by bleeding, it is necessary to stop the bleeding.
a) In case of arterial bleeding (scarlet blood flows out of the wound in a pulsating stream), it is necessary to press the artery (carotid, brachial, femoral, etc.) with your fingers or fist and apply a tourniquet. The artery is pressed through clothing for a short period of time, followed by application of a tourniquet. The pressure points of the arteries are located on the extremities - above the site of bleeding, and on the neck and head - below the wound or in the wound.
b) It is forbidden to apply a tourniquet to a naked body. Before applying a tourniquet, you need to straighten the clothes on the limbs or place fabric without seams, take the tourniquet, wrap it around the limb and stretch it with force, make a loop around the limb above the wound, as close to it as possible. After pressing the first turn of the tourniquet, you need to make sure that there is no bleeding and apply the next turn of the tourniquet with less force and secure it - do not overtighten the limb. Under the top loop of the tourniquet, you need to insert a note about the time it was applied (date, hour, minutes). A tourniquet may be applied to a limb for no more than 1 hour. During long-term transportation (after 40 minutes in a warm place, after 30 minutes in a cold place), it is necessary to gradually loosen the tourniquet for several minutes, until drops of blood appear on the wound, and tighten it again slightly higher or lower than the previous place. Re-attach a note indicating the time for reapplication of the tourniquet.
If there is no tourniquet, you can use a belt (scarf, thick rope), twisting it with a stick with force to stop the bleeding. If the tourniquet is applied incorrectly (blue skin and swelling of the extremities), the tourniquet must be reapplied immediately.
When applying a tourniquet on the neck, you need to place a tampon (a package of bandage, a folded handkerchief) on the wound, raise the victim’s hand up on the opposite side of the wound and apply the tourniquet so that the turn of the tourniquet simultaneously covers the arm and neck, pressing the tampon on it.
When applying a tourniquet to the thigh, it is necessary to press the wound with a package of bandage (folded napkin), over which the tourniquet is applied to the limb.
c) In case of venous bleeding (blood is darker than in arterial bleeding, flows out of the wound slowly, in a continuous stream), it is necessary to raise the limb, apply a sterile napkin and a pressure bandage to the wound.
d) In case of nosebleeds, you need to squeeze the wings of the nose, apply a large cotton swab moistened with water or gauze (cloth) folded in several layers to the nose, and apply cold to the bridge of the nose.
e) In case of bleeding from internal organs (pallor of the skin, general weakness, rapid pulse, shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting), it is necessary to lay the victim down, create rest for him and put cold on his stomach.
4.3.3. Providing assistance with traumatic amputation of a limb.
In case of traumatic amputation of a limb (its individual segments)
it is necessary to apply a tourniquet, a compressive gauze bandage, fix the limb with a splint or improvised means (if the arm is injured, it is necessary to raise the hand above the level of the heart), give an anesthetic, lay the victim down, ensure him rest and take measures to preserve the amputated segment. The amputated segment of the limb must be washed, wrapped in a wet cloth (sterile if possible), packaged in a plastic bag and covered with ice (snow). Ensure delivery of the amputated limb segment along with the victim to a specialized medical facility.
4.3.4. Assisting with injuries.
Protection of the wound from infection and contamination is achieved by applying a bandage. When applying a bandage, it is prohibited to remove foreign bodies from the wound if they do not lie freely on its surface, rinse the wound with water, or pour alcohol or any other solutions (including brilliant green and iodine) into the wound. It is necessary to do the dressing with clean hands (treated with alcohol or cologne). After wiping the skin around the wound with alcohol (cologne), moving in the direction away from the wound, lubricate the edges of the wound with iodine tincture, apply gauze pads (sterile if possible), bandage the wound tightly, taking into account that the bandage should not cut into the body and impede blood circulation.
a) In case of a penetrating wound to the abdomen, it is necessary to cover the wound with a gauze cloth (sterile if possible) and bandage the abdomen, but not too tightly so as not to compress the insides.
b) If the chest is wounded, it is necessary to cover the wound with a napkin (sterile if possible) with a thick layer of gauze and secure a material on top that does not allow air to pass through.
c) In case of eye injuries from sharp or piercing objects, as well as eye injuries due to severe bruises, the victim should be sent to a medical facility. The victim must be placed in a horizontal position, cover the eyes with a clean napkin (handkerchief), secure the napkin with a bandage, be sure to cover the other eye with the same bandage (to stop the movement of the eyeballs), and give an anesthetic. Do not wash puncture and cut wounds of the eyes and eyelids.
4.3.5. If a foreign body gets into the eye, you need to remove it with the tip of a handkerchief or rinse the eye with a stream of water directed from the outer corner of the eye to the nose, drip 3-4 drops of eye drops into the eye. If it is impossible to remove the foreign body, it is necessary to apply a bandage to both eyes. You should not try to remove scale or metal shavings from your eye yourself.
4.3.6. Assisting with fractures.
In case of fractures, it is necessary to free the victim from the effects of traumatic factors, give an anesthetic (for open fractures, stop the bleeding and apply a bandage), fix the limb using splints or improvised means (board, plywood, etc.). Apply splints to the injured limb with fixation of the joints below and above the fracture.
In case of hip fractures, the victim must be given a horizontal position, splints applied on both sides of the limb (from the outside, the splint is applied from the foot to the armpit), fixed tightly, evenly, but not tightly. If there is no splint, the injured leg is bandaged to the healthy limb, with soft material placed between them (folded clothing, cotton wool, foam rubber, etc.).
For fractures of the bones of the upper extremities, it is necessary to fix the arm in a bent position, bandaging it to the body (under clothing).
4.3.7. Assisting with head trauma.
In case of a head injury, it is necessary to lay the victim on his stomach and turn his head to the side from which more fluid is released. If there are wounds, apply a bandage to the head, apply cold, provide rest, apply heat to the feet, and limit the victim’s intake of fluids. It is necessary to monitor the pulse and breathing until the doctor arrives; if the pulse and breathing disappear, begin resuscitation.
4.3.8. Assisting with pressure on a limb.
When pinching a limb, before releasing it (if the limb has been pinned for more than 15 minutes), cover it with ice packs (snow, cold water), give an anesthetic, plenty of warm drink, apply a tourniquet to the pinched limb above the place of pinching. Do not release a compressed limb until a tourniquet is applied and the victim receives a large amount of fluid and warm the compressed limb. If it is impossible to apply a tourniquet before releasing the compressed limb, it is necessary to immediately apply a tourniquet after releasing the compression, tightly bandage the injured limb, apply cold, and give plenty of warm fluids.
4.3.9. Assisting with bone injuries.
If the pelvic bones and hip joints are damaged, it is necessary to provide the victim with complete rest, place a cushion of clothing under the knees, cover from the cold, remove blood and mucus from the mouth and nose.
In case of spinal fractures, it is necessary to ensure complete rest in a supine position, on a rigid board.
In case of fractures of the pelvic bones, hips, spine, do not remove the victim’s clothes and do not allow him to move.
In case of dislocation, it is necessary to fix the limb in a motionless state; in case of sprain, it is necessary to apply a tight bandage to the sprain site and apply cold.
For small wounds and abrasions, treat the skin around them with an alcohol solution of iodine, apply a bactericidal adhesive plaster or bandage.
4.3.10. Assisting with burns.
a) Thermal burns.
For first-degree burns without compromising the integrity of the burn blisters, it is necessary to place the burned part of the body under a stream of cold water for 10 - 15 minutes or apply cold water for 20 - 30 minutes. Do not lubricate the burned surface.
For second-degree burns (blisters filled with liquid form), it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage to the burned area of the victim and apply cold. You cannot rip off the remnants of clothing from the burned skin, wash the burn surface, sprinkle it, lubricate it with anything, bandage it, apply a plaster, open the burn blisters, or peel off the skin.
In case of severe burns, apply a sterile bandage to the burned area, apply ice and immediately send the victim to a medical facility.
In case of eye burns from flame, steam, water, oils, or flammable mixtures, it is necessary to rinse the eye under running cold water and give the victim an anesthetic.
b) In case of a chemical burn (exposure to acid, alkali, solvent, etc.), you must immediately remove clothing soaked in the chemical, rinse the burn surface generously under running cold water, give the victim plenty of drink in small portions (cold water, baking soda solutions or salt - 1 teaspoon per 1 liter of water). Do not use solutions of acids and alkalis to neutralize the chemical agent on the victim’s skin.
In case of burns with phosphorus (phosphorus flares up on the skin and causes a double burn: chemical and thermal), it is necessary to immediately rinse the burned area under running cold water for 10 - 15 minutes, remove pieces of phosphorus using an object, and apply a bandage.
For burns caused by quicklime, remove the lime with a piece of dry cloth and treat the burn surface with vegetable or animal oil. Lime should not be allowed to come into contact with moisture (a violent chemical reaction will occur, which will intensify the injury).
In case of eye burns with acids, alkalis, household chemicals, aerosols, it is necessary to carefully part the eyelids and place the eye under a stream of cold water so that the water flows from the nose to the outer corner of the eye, drip 3-4 drops of eye drops into the eye and give to the victim for oral administration pain reliever. Neutralizing liquid must not be used.
For eye burns from lime, calcium carbide, or potassium permanganate crystals, it is necessary to quickly and thoroughly remove particles of the substance from the eye with a cotton swab. Do not wet the eye or rinse it with water.
4.3.11. Providing assistance in case of poisoning.
In case of poisoning with gasoline, kerosene, solvents, cleaners (characteristic bad breath, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, unsteadiness of gait, in severe cases, loss of consciousness, convulsions), in the absence of consciousness, it is necessary to put the victim on his stomach, apply cold to the head, in the presence of consciousness - give up to 3 liters of cold water to drink, induce vomiting to cleanse the stomach, offer the victim to rinse his mouth, give 20 - 30 tablets of activated carbon (for poisoning with gasoline, kerosene, etc.), drink plenty of fluids (2-3 liters of sweet tea) . You should not consume milk, kefir, vegetable and animal fats, which enhance the absorption of poison.
In case of food poisoning, it is necessary to induce artificial vomiting in the victim and rinse the stomach, giving him to drink a large amount (6 glasses) of warm water tinted with potassium permanganate, or a weak solution of baking soda, and give him 5 tablets of activated carbon to drink.
In case of acid poisoning, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the stomach with water and give the victim an enveloping agent: milk, raw eggs.
In case of gas poisoning, the victim must be taken out of the room into fresh air or a draft must be created in the room by opening windows and doors.
In all cases of poisoning, the victim must be sent to a medical facility.
4.3.12. First aid for electric shock.
You cannot begin providing first aid without freeing the victim from the effects of electric current and ensuring your own safety.
In case of electric shock, it is necessary, observing safety precautions, to stop the impact of electric current on the victim (for voltages up to 1000 V - turn off the voltage, use an insulating rod (dry non-conducting object) to remove the wire from the victim; above 1000 V - wear dielectric gloves, rubber boots or galoshes, take an insulating rod or insulating pliers, short-circuit the BJI 6 - 20 kV wires using the throw method according to special instructions), without touching the victim with bare hands, drag him by dry clothes at least 8 meters from the place where the wire touches the ground or from the equipment located under voltage.
If the victim is at a height, then releasing him from the action of the current can cause a fall from a height, so it is necessary to take measures to prevent additional injuries - provide lighting from another source (taking into account the explosion and fire hazard of the room), without delaying the shutdown of the installation and the provision of assistance.
When located and moving in the “stepping voltage” zone (within a radius of 8 meters from the point of contact of the electric wire with the ground), it is required to move in dielectric boots or galoshes, or in a “goose step” (the heel of the walking leg, without leaving the ground, is placed against the toe of the other legs). You cannot lift your feet off the ground and take steps that exceed the length of your feet.
After releasing the victim from the action of the electric current, depending on his condition, it is necessary to provide him with first aid. The victim should unbutton his clothes and provide fresh air. If breathing stops and the heart stops, the victim must undergo artificial respiration and chest compressions until natural breathing is restored or until a doctor arrives. After the victim regains consciousness, it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage to the site of the electrical burn and take measures to eliminate possible mechanical damage (bruises, fractures). A victim of electrical injury, regardless of his health and lack of complaints, should be sent to a medical facility.
4.3.13. First aid for health related conditions.
a) In case of fainting (the causes are lack of oxygen in the air, a drop in blood pressure, blood loss, including internal bleeding, pain and mental trauma), it is necessary to place the victim in a lying position, unfasten clothes and belt, provide access to fresh air and an elevated position of the lower legs. limbs, give ammonia for inhalation, press on the painful point under the nose or massage it. If the victim does not regain consciousness within 3-4 minutes, it is necessary to turn him over on his stomach and apply cold to the head. If you have abdominal pain or repeated fainting (possible internal bleeding), you need to put cold on your stomach (a bottle or bag of cold water or snow). If you faint from hunger, give sweet tea and provide rest (do not feed).
b) In case of heat stroke, sunstroke (weakness, drowsiness, headache, thirst, nausea, possible increased breathing, increased temperature, loss of consciousness), the victim must be moved (transferred) to a cool place, apply cold to the head, neck, chest (you can pour a bucket of cold water on your chest). In case of convulsions, turn the victim on his stomach and press the shoulder girdle and head to the floor. If there is a loss of consciousness for more than 3-4 minutes, it is necessary to turn the victim onto his stomach.
c) In case of an epileptic seizure (sudden loss of consciousness with a characteristic cry before a fall; often dilated pupils, convulsions, involuntary body movements, foamy discharge from the mouth, involuntary urination, after an attack - short-term memory loss), it is necessary to move the patient away from dangerous objects and turn him on his side, place a soft object under your head.
d) In case of hypothermia, it is necessary to cover the victim, offer a warm sweet drink or food with a high sugar content, quickly deliver it to a warm room, in the room - remove clothes, rub the body, if possible, place the victim in a bath with water 35 - 40C or cover him with a large amount warm heating pads (plastic bottles), cover the victim with a warm blanket, put warm, dry clothes on him and continue to give warm sweet drinks.
e) In case of frostbite of the extremities (the skin is pale and cold, there is no pulse at the wrists and ankles, loss of sensitivity), it is necessary to take the victim to a room with a low temperature, do not remove clothes and shoes from frostbitten extremities, cover the damaged extremities from external heat with a cooled heat-insulating bandage with a large a quantity of cotton wool or blankets, clothes and give plenty of warm drinks, force them to move, give an anesthetic. Do not rub or lubricate frostbitten skin with anything, place frostbitten limbs in warm water or cover them with heating pads.
4.3.14. For insect and snake bites, you need to wash the bite site (for a bee sting, remove the sting safely). When bitten by a snake, it is necessary to lay the victim down, provide him with rest, apply a bandage (not too tight) to the bite site; if bitten by a limb, be sure to apply a splint and give the limb an elevated position, give plenty of drink (sweet or salted water). If you lose consciousness, you need to put the victim on his stomach and turn his head to the side. If there is no breathing or heartbeat, begin resuscitation and avoid cooling or warming the bite site.
4.3.15. In all cases of electric shock, mechanical injuries, severe thermal and chemical burns, poisoning with toxic liquids, gases and eye injuries, the victim must be urgently taken to the nearest medical facility.
4.4. Actions in case of fire.
4.4.1. When a fire is detected, the operator of the centralization post must:
immediately report this to the fire department by phone
to transmit a message in the prescribed manner (in this case, you must name the location of the fire, and also provide your last name), to the shift manager in accordance with the requirements of the instructions on fire safety measures (local),
take measures to extinguish the fire (except for cases of fire of dangerous goods) using the available primary fire extinguishing means, as well as evacuate people and material assets, service documentation.
4.4.2. When using air-foam (powder, carbon dioxide) fire extinguishers, direct the stream of foam (powder, carbon dioxide) away from people. If foam (powder, carbon dioxide) gets on unprotected areas of the body, you must wipe it off with a handkerchief (cloth) and rinse thoroughly with clean water.
In rooms with internal fire hydrants, it is necessary to involve two workers to extinguish a fire: one rolls out the hose from the tap to the place of the fire, the second, at the command of the one who rolls out the hose, opens the tap.
When extinguishing a fire with sand: the scoop or shovel should not be raised to eye level to avoid sand getting into them.
When a person’s clothing catches fire, it is necessary to extinguish the fire as quickly as possible, but you should not put out the flame with unprotected hands. Clothes that ignite must be quickly discarded, torn off, or extinguished by pouring water. A thick cloth, blanket, or tarpaulin can be thrown over a person wearing burning clothes, which must be removed after the flame has been extinguished.
4.4.3. If a fire occurs near the contact network, you must immediately notify the duty officer at the railway station (shift manager) or the head of the railway station.
4.4.4. Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of more than 8 m from the contact network and overhead power lines that are energized is allowed with any fire extinguishers without removing the voltage. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the stream of water or foam does not approach the contact network and other live parts at a distance of less than 2 m.
Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of less than 2 meters from the contact network is permitted only with carbon dioxide and powder fire extinguishers. Extinguishing burning objects with water, chemical, foam or air-foam fire extinguishers is possible only when the voltage is removed from the contact network, after it is grounded in the prescribed manner. When using carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, it is prohibited to grasp the fire extinguisher mouth and bring the mouth closer than 1 m to the contact network.
When unenergized electrical equipment with voltages up to 1000 V catches fire, powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be used.
When extinguishing live electrical installations, it is necessary to maintain a safe distance from the spray nozzle to live parts in accordance with the recommendations of the fire extinguisher manufacturer. Do not touch the fire extinguisher horn.
5. Labor protection requirements upon completion of work
5.1. Upon completion of work, the centralization station operator must:
put signaling accessories, equipment and devices in places specially designated for them or hand them over to a replacement employee,
hand over duty in accordance with the established procedure to the employee taking over the shift,
wash your hands, face with soap and water or take a shower,
take off your overalls and put them in the closet,
follow the service passage route from work.
5.2. The operator of the centralization post must submit contaminated and faulty special clothing and shoes for washing, dry cleaning or repair according to the procedure established in the department.
5.3. To maintain skin in good condition after work, the operator of the centralization post must use various protective ointments and creams (established according to the results of workplace certification for working conditions).
5.4. The operator of the centralization post must inform the shift manager about all violations of the production process, internal labor regulations and labor protection requirements discovered during work and the measures taken to eliminate them.