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For the 200th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, THE STORY “PORTRAIT” Prepared by the teacher of the Municipal Educational Institution Lyceum No. 17, Vladimir Kakshina Irina Evgenievna 2008

Petersburg through the eyes of N.V. Gogol And during the day... And at night...

Petersburg stories... I will do it! Life is boiling inside me. My works will be inspired. A Divinity inaccessible to the earth will blow over them! I will commit... N.V. Gogol

The Russian novel and Russian story began with Gogol... V.G. Belinsky Let's think about the symbolic title of the story. What is a portrait?

How to use a gift and not lose yourself?.. ART ART TEMPTATION Give cognates to the word art

Is there any point in devoting yourself to art? Doesn't a person ruin his very life by indulging in this activity, subordinating himself to the idol of earthly beauty? Gogol thought... What questions will you ask and how will you answer them?

What are the reasons for the death of the artist Chartkov, the hero of Gogol's story? What significance does the fantastic image of the portrait of an old moneylender play in the story? Let's follow along with the writer how the talent of Andrei Petrovich Chartkov fades away step by step. In the meantime, let's answer questions about the story

How Andrei Petrovich Chartkov’s talent is fading away step by step. “Look, brother, you have talent; It will be a sin if you destroy it... Be careful that you don’t turn out to be a fashionable painter.”

“But did I really have talent?” Questions for the episode: 1. Why was Andrei Chartkov so struck by the painting painted by his former classmate? 2.Whose assessment is reflected in the statement: “Pure and immaculate, like a bride, stood before him the artist’s work”? Provide evidence from the text. 3. What changes took place in Chartkov’s soul? Why did the idea of ​​portraying a “fallen angel” suit his condition? 4. Was there harmony in the world where Andrei Petrovich Chartkov lived? 5. How did Chartkov pay for his deal with the devil?

Class assignment 1. Match the beginning of each part of the story. What are their similarities? What do they add to Chartkov’s characterization? 2. Why do you think N.V. Does Gogol use the technique of reverse composition? 3. What is the significance of the episode about life in Kolomna in the story? 4. To which of the heroes of the work can the spiritual advice of St. Theophan the Recluse, given as an epigraph, be attributed, and why? 5. Why does Gogol put his judgments about art, about the role of the artist in it, into the mouth of a monk-icon painter? 6. What feelings and thoughts does the incident associated with the disappearance of the portrait of the “terrible money lender” evoke in the heroes of the story and its readers?

“You have a path ahead of you along which your life will flow from now on. Don't be fooled by him. You have talent; talent is the most precious gift of God - do not destroy it. Explore, study everything you see, conquer all brushes, but be able to find the inner thought in everything and most of all try to comprehend the high secret of creation. Blessed is the chosen one who owns it.” N.V. Gogol Blessed is the chosen one...

Gogol was an artist of the highest level, but he also had a heightened religious talent. In the end, it prevailed in him over a purely artistic thirst for creativity. Gogol realized: art, no matter how high it rises, will remain among the treasures on earth. For Gogol, the treasures in heaven became more necessary. MM. Dunaev

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

The Tale of a Real Man (classroom - reading conference based on the story by B. Polevoy)

During class, we meet the writer Boris Polev and discuss his book “The Tale of a Real Man.” Goal: fostering a sense of empathy, pride, patriotism, develop...

Analysis of Oleg Zhdan's story "Genius". Lesson summary on Oleg Zhdan's story "Genius".

Type of lesson: lesson in artistic perception. Form of lesson: lesson-conversation. Methods of teaching: verbal (heuristic conversation), problem-based. Equipment: Printout of O. Zhdan's story "Genius". Explanatory...

The purpose of this lesson is: to determine the place of the story in the work of A.S. Pushkin; to analyze the images of the heroes; promote a humane attitude towards people; promote the development of skills...

Class: 8

Presentations for the lesson

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Lesson objectives:

• show what role N.V. Gogol assigned to art in the life of society - the writer’s contribution to the debate about the purpose of art;
• find out what the ideological and compositional role of the second part of the story “Portrait” is and how the author solves the problem of true art.

Lesson objectives:

• Educational: improving the skills of interpreting a literary work and analyzing artistic details, speaking and writing skills; disclosure of the social, moral, aesthetic meaning of the story.
• Developmental: development of cognitive interests and literary and creative abilities, imaginative thinking and a “sense of intelligence”.
• Educational: education through the means of fiction of a spiritual and moral personality capable of acting in the modern world according to the laws of goodness, conscience and honor.

Lesson type: combined.

Equipment: portrait of N.V. Gogol, projector, Presentation 1 , Presentation 2 (Testing based on N.V. Gogol’s story “Portrait”)

He who has talent within himself
must be the purest of all...

N.V.Gogol

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Teacher's opening speech (Slide No. 3)

– As you know, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol saw his writing duty in serving great art, in an effort to show the truth of life. He wanted the reader to be able to “comprehend the high mystery of creation” through his work. The fact that Gogol was concerned about issues of creativity and the place of the artist in society is evidenced by the fact that it was in 1835 that Gogol collected articles on art (“Painting, sculpture and music”, “A few words about Pushkin”, “On the architecture of the present time” ), lectures and articles on history and reflections on historical figures and published them along with the story “Portrait”.
(Communication of the purpose of the lesson) Today in class we continue the conversation about the problem of true art in Gogol’s story “Portrait”, trying to find out at the same time the ideological and compositional role of the second part of the work.

II. Working with an epigraph (Slide No. 4)

– How do you understand the words of N.V. Gogol?
– What, judging by the author’s statement, should a real artist be?

III. Critic's assessment of the story

Teacher. Thus, critic V.G. Belinsky, assessing the talent of the great prose writer, said: “Gogol is a poet, a poet of real life.” And this was most valued in Russian literature. After the release of the story “Portrait,” Gogol hopes for understanding
readers and critics, but what was the writer’s disappointment when V. G. Belinsky disapproved of the story: (Slide No. 5)“The portrait is an unsuccessful attempt by Mr.
Gogol in a fantastic way. Here his talent declines, but even in his decline he remains a talent. The first part of this story is impossible to read without fascination; in fact, there is something terrible, fatal, fantastic in this mysterious portrait, there is some kind of invincible charm that makes you forcibly look at it, although it is scary for you. Add to this many fantastic paintings and essays in the taste of Mr. Gogol; remember the quarterly overseer talking about painting; then this mother, who brought her daughter to Chertkov to have her portrait taken, and who scolds balls and admires nature - and you will not deny the dignity of this story. But the second part of it is absolutely worthless; Mr. Gogol is not visible in it. This is an obvious addition in which it was not the mind that worked, and the imagination did not take any part.”

– What meaning does the critic give to the word “attachment” in this context?

IV. Message from a trained student about Gogol’s stay in Italy and the further fate of the story “Portrait” (Slide No. 6)

Student. Having left Russia after the scandal associated with the premiere of “The Inspector General,” Gogol finds refuge in Italy. He lives in Rome. But nothing pleases the writer’s heart: neither warm weather, nor a comfortable life, nor local beauty... Gogol thinks about Russia. Here, in Rome, he meets artists, in particular, the artist Ivanov, who is working on the painting “The Appearance of Christ to the People.”
Gogol sees how selflessly the artist works, making many sketches from life, endlessly changing the poses of the characters in his painting, and the color that illuminates them and nature. He is haunted by the criticism of V. G. Belinsky. And he decides to remake the story “Portrait”.
By 1841 this work was completed. Significant changes have appeared: the surname of the main character has changed (previously it was Chertkov, which emphasized his connection with evil spirits; Gogol excluded certain mystical scenes, quite realistic characters appeared: Nikita, a professor, the owner of the house, a policeman, ladies-customers. In the first edition, the appearance the moneylender at the end of the story disappeared from the canvas, and in the second edition the portrait disappears, which went around the world to sow misfortune.

V. Reading by the teacher of paragraph 1 of the 2nd part of the story up to the words “The Long Hall...”

VII. Working with text (Slide No. 7)

– Why does Gogol compare auction with a funeral procession? (There is a hyperlink – a dictionary entry about the word “auction”)

VIII. A student (individual study) talks about the etymological relationship of two words: “art” and “temptation” (Slide No. 8)

Art akin to the words “tempt”, “temptation”. “Test” (old school) meant “to put to the test.” A “sophisticated person” is one who is highly experienced and has experienced a lot.

– Who do you think plays the role of “tempter” in the story and why?

IX. Work with the text continues

– Why are moneylenders necessary for the “sediment of humanity” that settled in Kolomna, and why is their main property moneylender turns out to be insensibility? (Slide No. 9)(There is a hyperlink – a dictionary entry about the word “auction”)
– What details in the description of the moneylender’s appearance alarm the reader? (Slide No. 10)

“He wore a wide Asian outfit; his dark complexion indicated his southern origin, but exactly what nation he was... no one could say about that.»
“..Looks, looks through human eyes!,
"..swarthy, skinny, a hot face and some incomprehensibly its terrible color big, extraordinary fire of the eye, overhanging thick eyebrows distinguished him from... the inhabitants of the capital"
".. Something demonic in the eyes..»
– What artistic detail is repeated in the description of appearance? (“Extraordinary fire eyes”, “demonic in the eyes” - these are the eyes of Satan, evil spirits, the bearer of EVIL)

– Why do people always turn to a moneylender for money? (Slide No. 11)
“This moneylender differed from other moneylenders in that he could provide any amount of money to everyone, from a poor old woman to a wasteful court nobleman.” “He gave money willingly...”
– Why did the moneylender willingly give money to both the rich and the poor? (For profit)
– What is personified by the moneylender himself and his portrait in the story ? (Slide No. 12)
– What changes occur in people who associate themselves with a moneylender?

X. Message from microgroups (homework on the topic “What temptations and tests did each of the artists go through when choosing their path to true art?”) (Slide No. 13)

• Artist Andrey Petrovich Chartkov (group 1) (Quotes to help those answering – hyperlink: slide number 19)

“..Too much has already been attributed to previous artists,” but “a genius creates boldly and quickly.” “He had already begun to tire of the same portraits and faces...”
“... his brush grew cold and dull, and he... was enclosed in monotonous, definite, long-worn forms...”
“He was overcome by terrible envy, envy to the point of rage... Having bought the painting,... he tore it up,... trampled it with his feet, accompanied by laughter of pleasure.”

• Comrade Chertkova (2nd group) (Quotes to help those answering – hyperlink: slide number 20)

From “an early age he carried within himself a passion for art, with the fiery soul of a worker, he plunged into it with all his soul, broke away from friends, from relatives, from sweet habits...”, “..like a hermit, he plunged into work,” “.. left only the divine Raphael as his teacher.”
“Pure, immaculate, beautiful as a bride stood before him the artist’s work. Modestly, divinely, innocently and simply, like a genius, it rose above everyone... One could see how the artist first contained everything extracted from the outside world into his soul and from there, from the spiritual spring, directed it with one consonant, solemn song..."

• The artist who painted the portrait of a moneylender (group 3) (Quotes to help those answering – hyperlink: slide number 21)

“With the blessing of the abbot, he retired to the desert... There for a long time, for several years, he exhausted his body, strengthening it at the same time with the life-giving power of prayer.”
“The holy higher power guided your brush and the blessing of heaven rested on your work,” this is what the abbot said to the artist, who managed to cleanse his soul of evil.

Teacher. So, Gogol is convinced that talent is God’s gift and a man of art should under no circumstances touch EVIL in his work, since it involuntarily begins to penetrate his soul, consciousness, and then creativity.

Message from microgroup 3 (homework on the topic “Advice and instructions from the father of artist B. to his son”) (Slide No. 14)

– Which advice from a father to his son do you consider the most important? Why?

Teacher. In his discussions about true art and the purity of the artist’s soul, telling the story of the struggle between good and evil, N.V. Gogol traditionally relies on biblical legends.

– What is the connection between the advice of the artist’s father B. and the Sermon on the Mount of Christ? Prove it with text. One example: (Slide No. 15)

In the text:

“A man who has left his house in light festive clothes has only to be sprinkled with one spot of dirt from under the wheels, and all the people have already surrounded him, pointing their fingers at him, and talking about his slovenliness, while the same people do not notice many spots on others passing by, dressed in everyday clothes. For stains are not noticeable on everyday clothes.”

In the Bible:

“And why do you look at the mote in your brother’s eye, but do not feel the beam in your own eye?... Do not give what is holy to dogs, and do not throw your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet and turn and tear you to pieces.” (Matthew Bible: 7:1-14)

Conclusion.

– What is the role in society of a person endowed with the “precious gift of God”? (Slide No. 16)
– How do you understand the statements of the classics about this?

XI. Homework:(the student chooses the task at will)

• Write an essay on the topic “Does the second part of the “Portrait” refutes or confirms the idea of ​​the omnipotence of evil?
• Or create syncwines telling about artists (Chartkov, his friend, father of the artist B.)

XII. Reflection.(testing – Presentation 2 , Annex 1 )

References:

1. Literature. 8th grade: Lesson plans (according to the program of A.G. Kutuzov) / Comp. L.M. Seregina - Volgograd: Teacher, 2003.
2. B. Arapovich and V. Mattelmäki. Children's Bible. Bible stories in pictures. Publisher: Russian Bible Society, Moscow, 1994
3. http://www.eelmaa.narod.ru/urlit/materials/g1.html – Marantsman V.G. Material for studying N.V. Gogol's story Portrait

Slides and text of this presentation

“The material and the eternal in the story
N.V. Gogol “Portrait”. What won, what destroyed and why?

The material and the eternal in the story
N.V. Gogol’s “Portrait”. What won, what destroyed and why? *What made Gogol reconsider his attitude towards the story “Portrait” and remake it?
*The image of St. Petersburg in the story. The theme of the city in the works of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol.
*Plot plan and composition of part 1 of the story.
*Plot plan and composition of part 2 of the story.
*What connects Pushkin’s story “The Queen of Spades” and Gogol’s “Portrait”?

*Painting and iconography in the story.

Training topic:

Training topic:
N.V. Gogol “Portrait”.
Academic subject:
Literature
Participants:
Pupils of 8 "B" class

Creative tasks

What made Gogol reconsider his attitude to the story “Portrait” and remake it? (booklet);




What is the difference between the attitudes of Pushkin and Gogol towards people?
(presentation pages);

Research assignments
for studentsWhat made Gogol reconsider his attitude to the story “Portrait” and remake it? (booklet);
The image of St. Petersburg in the story. The theme of the city in the works of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol. (presentation page);
Plot plan and composition of part 1 of the story (presentation pages);
Plot plan and composition of part 2 of the story (presentation pages);
What connects Pushkin’s story “The Queen of Spades” and Gogol’s “Portrait”?
What is the difference between the attitudes of Pushkin and Gogol towards people?
(presentation pages);
Painting and iconography in the story. (publication).

Results of student research work

1 group
worked on the topic
“What made Gogol reconsider his attitude towards the story “Portrait” and remake it?” (booklet) and concluded:
Having left Russia after the scandal associated with the premiere of The Government Inspector, Gogol finds refuge in Italy. He lives in Rome, surrounded by great works of art from different times and contemporary Russian artists who, having graduated from the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts with a medal, received a pension to improve their art in Italy. Among Russian artists, Gogol was especially attracted to Alexander Ivanov, who painted the painting “The Appearance of Christ to the People,” making many sketches from life, endlessly changing the poses of the characters in his painting and the color illuminating them and nature. The criticism of V.G. Belinsky and the tireless work of A. Ivanov prompted Gogol to reconsider his attitude towards the story “Portrait” and remake it. By 1841, Gogol completed this work. The surname of the main character has changed: previously his name was Chertkov, which emphasized the connection with evil spirits. Gogol excluded from the story scenes of mystical, inexplicable appearances of the portrait and customers. The style of the story became clearer, and the realistic characteristics of the minor characters were developed: Nikita, the professor, the owner of the house, the policeman, and the lady customers.

N.V. Gogol is only a continuer of the traditions of A.S. Pushkin. There is a whole series of stories where the CITY itself provokes people to actions and misdeeds - “Petersburg Stories”.

3 group
worked on the topic
“Plot plan and composition of parts 1 and 2 of the story. Comparison."
The story has a two-part structure, which is extremely important for understanding the work. Having drawn up the plot plan and composition of parts 1 and 2 of the story, we traced the path of the heroes “from talent to death”, “through trials to flourishing”. What makes the heroes go this route? Portrait! And he carries evil within himself.
The juxtaposition of the first and second parts in Gogol’s “Portrait” is intended to convince the reader that evil can take possession of any person, regardless of his moral nature.

2nd group
worked on the topic
“The theme of St. Petersburg in the story. The theme of the city in the works of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol" (presentation)

4 group
worked on the topic “What connects the story “The Queen of Spades” by A. S. Pushkin and the story “Portrait” by N. V. Gogol?”
Pushkin, in Hermann’s vision, shows how conscience mysteriously appears in the hero’s soul, interrupted by the desire to win. But a person can resist evil, he is his own master. Gogol writes a scene that reveals to the reader how the artist is possessed by evil, and a person cannot fight it.

6 group
worked on the topic
“Painting and iconography in the story” The artist, whose fate is traced in the second part, is similar in height of spirit and manner of work to Alexander Ivanov, with whom Gogol became so close friends in Rome and who painted the picture “The Appearance of Christ to the People,” hoping for the awakening of goodness in the light of true truth. Constantly painting Gogol, Ivanov made him first one, then another, then the third character in the picture, but in the end he assigned him a place in the figure closest to Christ. However, location does not determine the spiritual height of a figure. On the contrary, the manifestation of genuine good turns the “nearest” into a shadow, which is embarrassedly covered in a cloak with a hood. This was the verdict pronounced by Alexander Ivanov on Gogol.
All the paintings mentioned in the story turned out to be real: the great canvas that changed the fate of Chartkov - “The Appearance of Christ to the People” by Ivanov, “The Last Day of Pompeii” by Karl Bryullov; icon created by artist B. - icon of the “Nativity of Christ”.

Slide No. 10

Final assignment for all students

What is material and what is eternal?
The thing is evil.
Eternal is good.

Essay “Good and evil in N.V. Gogol’s story “Portrait”.

“...The juxtaposition of the first and second parts in Gogol’s “Portrait” is intended to convince the reader that evil is capable of mastering any person, regardless of his moral nature. And it will always be like this. After all, the portrait disappears. Evil is walking around the world, finding new victims...
Why does the author need this? It seems to me that the author once again calls on the artist to be careful, attentive, responsible, calls, first of all, to maintain purity of heart, to “keep awake” in soul.”

N.V.Gogol

"Portrait"

The work was carried out by the teacher of Russian language and literature of the Shlyapnikovskaya Secondary School Perevozchikova L.Yu.

good and evil

outside a person or inside him?

Problem

What caused Chartkov’s terrible fate?

The story of the moral fall of the artist Chartkov reflected the writer’s thoughts about:

• good and evil

• in true sense

human life

• moral choice

• conscience

• spiritual fall and resurrection

Vital path Chartkova

Buying a portrait of a moneylender

Became a fashionable painter

Creation of a portrait of Psyche

Visit the exhibition

Creation paintings

Envy

"An artist with talent"

Death

The artist's journey from Italy

Created a pure, immaculate work of art

Chose Raphael as a teacher

Attended exhibitions

I gave everything to art

Immersed in work

becoming a hermit

Went to Italy

Had a passion for art

good

Talent

Love of creativity

The ability to create

Understanding: work is the path

to perfection

Impatience

The pursuit of fashion, fame

Comfortable life

Wealth

Narcissism

Conceit

Pride

Contempt for people

Envy

Desire for revenge

Conclusion

The moneylender in the story is the embodiment of evil, he is the devil. The devilish element in him is strong. Everything that comes from him is destructive. A person who sells his soul to the devil is doomed.

The path of an icon painter

Creates a picture

where it is stated

goodness and light

Created a portrait

moneylender

The path of repentance and

cleansing the soul

Envy

Painted paintings for the church

Conclusion

• Evil can take possession of any person, regardless of his moral nature - this is what happened to the icon painter

• The moneylender is the embodiment of evil that walks around the world

• One must have enormous strength of spirit and purity of heart, otherwise evil will subjugate a person

Good and evil are eternal.

Evil is as indestructible as good.

The words of the moneylender are symbolic:

“I don’t want to die at all, I want to live.” Therefore, it is no coincidence that his portrait, stolen by someone at an auction, forever remains in the world to tempt with the glitter of gold and easy fame.

LET'S THINK

"Evil is indestructible"

"Evil can be destroyed

finally"

conclusions according to the lesson

Good and evil both outside and inside a person .

Human life is an active

choice between good and evil.

The talent of an artist in the world can

“Portrait” is a story by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol from the cycle “Petersburg Tales”. The story was created over the years and was first published in the book “Arabesques. Various Works of N. Gogol" in the Second Edition (the text was significantly revised at the end of 1841 - beginning of 1842) was published in 1842 in the third book of Sovremennik.

Plot A young artist Chartkov living in poverty, despite the fact that he has nothing to pay for the rent of an apartment, in a shop on the Shchukinsky yard buys for two kopecks a portrait of an unknown person, an old man in Asian clothes, who attracted his attention because the eyes of the person depicted look exactly like alive. Arriving home, he cannot get rid of the impression that the old man is looking at him; at night Chartkov has nightmares associated with the portrait. In one of the dreams, an old man comes out of a frame with a bag full of money, and the artist manages to grab one package with the inscription “1000 chervonets.” In the morning, when the policeman appears, demanding payment for the apartment from Chartkov, in the frame of the portrait is found exactly the same package that the artist saw in his nightmare.

Chartkov moves to a luxurious apartment on Nevsky Prospekt, advertises in the newspaper, and soon he has many customers. Chartkov becomes a fashionable artist, paints many portraits. He satisfies the needs of clients, but many of his former acquaintances notice that his talent, which was clearly evident before, has disappeared. Chartkov becomes a miser and a misanthrope. Having seen a painting by one of his former acquaintances at the exhibition, he realizes that his own works are actually far from perfect. Chartkov locks himself in his workshop and tries to create something similar, but he fails; then he begins to buy paintings and destroy them. Soon Chartkov goes crazy and suddenly dies.

After some time, at a certain auction, among other objects of art, a portrait of an Asian man, once bought by Chartkov, is exhibited. When the price increases significantly during the auction, artist B appears and declares that he has special rights to this painting. To support his words, he tells a story. He describes a moneylender who once lived in St. Petersburg Kolomna, who was known for the fact that he could lend any amount on seemingly favorable terms, but as a result it always turned out that in fact he accrued huge interest. A deal with a moneylender invariably brought misfortune to his clients.

B.'s father, also an artist who lived nearby, received an order for a portrait from an Asian man. Since he had long been thinking about portraying the spirit of darkness in the guise of his neighbor, he accepted the order. However, while working on the portrait (in which the eyes are especially scary), the artist begins to experience an incomprehensible horror and eventually quits work and runs away from the customer’s house. The next day the moneylender dies, and the maid brings the unfinished portrait to the artist. Over time, the artist begins to feel strange changes in himself. He wants to burn the portrait, but his friend dissuades him and takes it for himself; then he sells it to his nephew. Each owner of the portrait is haunted by misfortunes, and its creator’s wife, daughter and son soon die.

Then the artist, realizing that part of the old man’s soul had entered the portrait, sends his surviving eldest son to the Academy of Arts, and he himself goes to a monastery, where after some time of leading a strict life and self-sacrifice, he paints the Nativity of Christ, and his work turns out to be filled with holiness. The son visits him in the monastery, and the father tells him some instructions and thoughts about art, and also bequeaths him to find the portrait and destroy it. Artist B. introduces himself as the son of the author of the portrait and says that after many years of searching he finally found the painting. But when he, and with him the auction visitors, turns to the wall where the canvas hung, it turns out that the portrait has disappeared.