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Chersonese Presentation on the topic: Chersonese Student of class 6-A Municipal Educational Institution “School-Gymnasium No. 6” of the City of Dzhankoy Klyuchnik Elizaveta

Basilica

The basilica within the basilica is a medieval temple on the territory of Chersonesos, a city founded by the ancient Greeks on the southwestern coast of Crimea (currently on the territory of the national museum-reserve "Tavrichesky Chersonesos"). The temple received its name due to the fact that 2 temples were built in one place - the second was built on the ruins of the first of its fragments. The first temple ("great basilica") was built in the 6th century, around the time of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I.

Mint.

Next to the museum buildings there are premises of the mint of Chersonesos, dating back to the 4th-3rd centuries. BC. (excavated in 1904). The building was adjacent to the main street of the city, almost in its central part. All that remains of it is the basement floor, made of large limestone blocks without a binder mortar. During excavations in one of the rooms, the remains of a smelting furnace, foundry slag and 43 bronze circles were found - probably blanks for minting coins. These finds gave grounds to identify the open structure as a mint. All rooms of the building were grouped around a courtyard with a gallery, the roof of which was supported by 26 columns. After the excavations, the southern part of the building, at the request of the monastery, was filled up and laid out as a flower garden. Currently, four basement rooms are visible, connected by a long corridor. From there they went up along two stone stairs, one of which led out into the courtyard, the other into one of the rooms on the ground floor. On the site of the mint, which burned down during the fire, a large residential estate was subsequently built.

Coin. Maiden in a tower crown.

Ruins of Chersonesus.

Chersonesus (from the Greek cape, peninsula) is located on a cape surrounded by two bays - Karantinnaya and Pesochnaya and was founded in the 5th century BC. came from Heraclea Pontic (Delos Island, Aegean Sea), who were exiled democrats who were defeated in the political conflict between supporters of the aristocratic and democratic forms of government. According to legend, the founding of Chersonesus was predicted by the famous Delphic oracle, who prophesied the settlement of the Greeks in Tauris. The city was originally called Heraclea, but not for long - the name did not suit the city and it began to be called Chersonesos. The territory is more than 30 hectares, not counting the surrounding plain belonging to the city between Kerkenitida (present-day Evpatoria) and Kalos-Limen (Chernomorskoe village) (translated from Greek as a beautiful harbor) to the southern point on the coast - Feodosia, where Chersonesos bordered on the Bosporus. Greek colony of Chersonesos in the 1st century AD. submits to Rome, and in the 5th century to the Byzantine Empire. Chersonesus becomes the center of the spread of Christianity, with the name changed - Kherson.

X ram st. Vladimir

Founded in 1861 in Chersonesos, around the remains of a cross-shaped basilica in the center of the city's main square, St. Vladimir's Cathedral commemorates the adoption of Christianity by Prince Vladimir and the Baptism of Rus' in 988. The temple was built exactly on the spot where Prince Vladimir had his epiphany and where he received Holy Baptism. The idea of ​​​​building the temple was submitted in his note in 1825 to Emperor Alexander ll, Commander-in-Chief of the Black Sea Fleet and Ports, Vice Admiral A. Greig. On July 2, 1859, Emperor Alexander II personally approved the project of the Cathedral of St. Vladimir on the territory of the Kherson Monastery, which was to become a monument to Epiphany. Two years later, in the month of August, the imperial couple - Alexander II and Maria Alexandrovna, accompanied by a large retinue, after a solemn prayer service, laid gold ten-ruble coins on the first stone blocks of the future temple, thereby beginning the ceremonial foundation of the great cathedral. The emperor also donated funds for a copper 11-pound bell. The patron of the cathedral was Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, who personally laid the foundation of the main throne of St. Vladimir on August 14, 1867, and also erected a marble cross for the holy relics and placed a stone in the wall of the high place. For the construction of St. Vladimir's Cathedral, money was collected by subscription throughout Rus'. Due to a constant lack of funds, the construction of the temple dragged on for 30 long years.

Coast of Chersonesus.

Pithos is a large ancient Greek jug (could be the size of a person or more), a vessel for storing food - grain, wine, olive oil, salted fish. It became widespread throughout the Mediterranean, especially in the cultural area of ​​the Aegean Sea, including the island of Crete. The production of pithos required special skills from the potter. A pithos is a large ceramic or clay vessel in the shape of a ball or egg (with its sharp end facing down), reminiscent of an amphora. However, the pithos is more often not sharp-edged, but flat, allowing it to stand, and there are often devices for transportation in the upper part, through which cables were pulled to move the vessels. Pithos could have from four to six handles. The surface of the pithos can be smooth or decorated with a ribbon pattern. The color of pithos ranges from beige, sand to brown and reddish. The pithoi, made in the Kamares style in the Minoan era, depicted fish. Pithos were also used in funeral rites, but primarily for storing olive oil, water, honey, salt and grain. 47 pithoi for wine were found in a cellar in Tsikhagor. A mark was also placed on pithos. Similar vessels are called dolia (among the ancient Romans) and tinaja. According to legend, it was in pithos that Diogenes lived.

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The most ancient city is in ruins, in dust, But the memory of centuries is ineradicable... A piece of dry gravelly land On the narrow edge of the Crimean coast... The presentation was compiled by Irina Aleksandrovna Khozhaeva, a geography teacher at MBOU "Secondary School No. 24" UNESCO World Heritage in the Russian Federation. Republic of Crimea. Ancient city of Chersonesos

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The ancient city, which is located within Sevastopol, was awarded the status of a world heritage site on June 23, 2013 during the 37th session of the UNESCO Committee in Cambodia.

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On December 4, 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin, in his annual address to the Federal Assembly, stated that for Russia Korsun (Chersonese) “has enormous civilizational and sacred significance, like the Temple Mount in Jerusalem for those who profess Islam or Judaism.”

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Chersonese Ancient Chersonese, the ruins of which are located in Sevastopol on the coast between Karantinnaya and Pesochnaya bays, was founded, according to researchers, in the distant 6th century BC. ancient Greeks, immigrants from Heraclea Pontus - an ancient Greek colony that was located on the southern shore of the Black Sea, on the site of the current Turkish city of Ereglia.

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Chersonese The word “Chersonese” is traditionally translated from Greek as “peninsula”. Chersonesos was founded as a colony of Pontic Heraclea, a rich Greek city, and therefore for a long time it preserved Hellenic customs and culture, was famous for its wealth and traded with many other countries, fought with the Scythians and went to war with the neighboring Bosporan kingdom, at the turn of the eras it served as outpost of the Roman troops.

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Thanks to successful trade in the 4th-3rd centuries BC, Chersonesos reached its greatest prosperity. His influence extended to the entire western coast of Crimea. However, at the same time, Chersonese had a powerful rival - the Scythian kingdom. In the III-II centuries BC. The Scythians carried out a number of attacks on Chersonesos and its environs. As a result of the Greco-Scythian wars, Chersonesos lost most of its lands and found itself under siege. The Chersonesos were forced to turn for help to their powerful neighbor, the Pontic king Mithridates VI Eupator, under whose rule was the eastern part of Crimea. Mithridates sent an army to help Chersonese under the command of the skilled commander Diophantus. The Scythians suffered a crushing defeat, but Chersonesos also achieved victory at a high price. Chersonesus actually became the rear base of Mithridates in the war between the Pontic kingdom and the Roman Empire, which was completely unnecessary for the inhabitants of the polis. After the defeat of Mithridates, a Roman garrison and fleet were located in Chersonesos. The city became one of the outposts of the Roman Empire in Crimea. In the 2nd-4th centuries, Kherson experienced another economic boom. The population of the city increased, trade with other parts of the Roman Empire developed. Chersonesus supplied the Roman army with bread, wine and fish. The Roman army defended the city from the attacks of nomads.

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After the division of the Roman Empire into Western and Eastern (Byzantine) in 395, Chersonesus became the main administrative, commercial and cultural center of Byzantium in southwestern Crimea. In the 9th-10th centuries, new conquerors appeared at the walls of Chersonesos - the Slavs. The militant Kievan Rus arose on the banks of the Dnieper. In 987-988, the army of Prince Vladimir besieged the city. The reason for the siege was the refusal of the Byzantine emperor to marry his daughter Anna, promised to Vladimir for the military assistance provided, to the prince. To force the emperor to fulfill his promise, Vladimir captured the main outpost of Byzantium in Crimea, Chersonesus.

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The Byzantine emperor had to come to terms. He agreed to Vladimir's marriage to Anna on the condition that he convert to Christianity. In Chersonesus, the Russian prince was baptized himself and forced his squad to be baptized. So Chersonesus became the center of the spread of Christianity and Byzantine culture to Kievan Rus. The Byzantine emperor had to come to terms. He agreed to Vladimir's marriage to Anna on the condition that he convert to Christianity. In Chersonesus, the Russian prince was baptized himself and forced his squad to be baptized. So Chersonesus became the center of the spread of Christianity and Byzantine culture to Kievan Rus. (reproduction of the painting by V.M. Vasnetsov “The Baptism of Prince Vladimir”)

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In XIII, after the fourth crusade, as a result of which the crusaders defeated Constantinople, the Byzantine Empire broke up into three states. The Crimean possessions became part of the Trebizond Empire. From this moment the decline of Chersonesus began. The city lost its significance as an administrative and commercial center and was constantly subject to raids and robberies. Twice the city was captured by the Tatars, who settled in the Crimean steppes, where one of the beyliks of the Golden Horde was founded. In the last quarter of the 13th century, the city was taken by the horde of Emir Nogai, and in 1399. Chersonese was captured by the army of Murza Edigei. The once flourishing Kherson was deserted and gradually turned into a small settlement on the shore of the bay. In 1475, the Ottoman Empire captured the Genoese colonies in Crimea and brought the Crimean khans under its rule. For 300 years, the Crimean Khanate became a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. Inkerman and Balaklava turned into run-of-the-mill towns, and Chersonesus ceased to exist and was a ruin, which the local Tatars called Sary-Kermen (yellow fortress). The shores of the magnificent bay are deserted. At the end of the 18th century, travelers mentioned only the small Tatar village of Ak-Yar (white cliff) on the northern shore of Akhtiarskaya (Sevastopol) Bay.

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In 1827, half a century after the founding of Sevastopol, excavations began at this site. Day after day, houses and streets, squares and temples of the ancient city appeared from the ground. There were a lot of finds, and soon an archaeological museum called “Warehouse of Local Antiquities” arose from them. Nowadays, the museum has turned into a large scientific and cultural institution - the National Reserve “Tavrichesky Chersonesus”.

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The modern exhibition of the Chersonesos Museum includes: the Museum of the History of Ancient Chersonesos, the Museum of the History of the Medieval Period of Chersonesos and an open-air exhibition - excavated areas of the ancient settlement.

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The main attraction of the reserve is undoubtedly the Cathedral of St. Prince Vladimir. It was founded in 1861 in Chersonesos - in memory of the baptism of Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir in 988. During the Great Patriotic War, the cathedral was heavily damaged, but after the war it was restored.

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Bell In 1803, by decree of Emperor Alexander I, the bell was sent to Sevastopol and was intended for the church of St. Nicholas under construction. After the Crimean War of 1853-1856, the allied forces of England and France took the bell from Sevastopol among the trophies. The return of the bell took place on November 23, 1913, with a large crowd of people and was accompanied by a solemn religious procession. A plaque on one of the bell’s pylons today reads: “The bell was cast in Taganrog in 1778 from Turkish cannons taken as a trophy. It depicts the patron saint of sailors - St. Nicholas and St. Foka. After the Crimean War it was taken to Paris, where it remained until 1913. During bad weather it was used as a signal bell.”

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The National Reserve "Tauric Chersonesos" was created with the aim of preserving and effectively using the unique historical and cultural complex of monuments of the ancient city of Chersonesos of the 5th century. BC. - XV AD and its surroundings. The National Reserve "Tauric Chersonesos" was created with the aim of preserving and effectively using the unique historical and cultural complex of monuments of the ancient city of Chersonesos of the 5th century. BC. - XV AD and its surroundings. Burnt and destroyed by nomads at the end of the 14th century, Chersonesos lay in ruins for several centuries. After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, the monuments of the Northern Black Sea region became the main object of excavations and descriptions. In the spring of 1827, the chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and ports, Vice Admiral A.S. Greig, instructed the Maritime Department official K. Kruse to begin excavating the ruins of ancient Chersonesos. This event took place on May 17, 1827. Burnt and destroyed by nomads at the end of the 14th century, Chersonesos lay in ruins for several centuries. After the annexation of Crimea to Russia, the monuments of the Northern Black Sea region became the main object of excavations and descriptions. In the spring of 1827, the chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and ports, Vice Admiral A.S. Greig, instructed the Maritime Department official K. Kruse to begin excavating the ruins of ancient Chersonesos. This event took place on May 17, 1827. On May 15, 1888, the archaeological study of Chersonesos came under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Archaeological Commission (IAC). Professor Nikodim Pavlovich Kondakov was appointed head of the work; supervision of the excavations was entrusted to one of the largest researchers of the history and archeology of Crimea, retired Major General Alexander Lvovich Berthier-Delagarde. On May 15, 1888, the archaeological study of Chersonesos came under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Archaeological Commission (IAC). Professor Nikodim Pavlovich Kondakov was appointed head of the work; supervision of the excavations was entrusted to one of the largest researchers of the history and archeology of Crimea, retired Major General Alexander Lvovich Berthier-Delagarde.

History of the city Chersonesos was a Greek colony founded in 529/528. BC e. came from Heraclea Pontus, located on the Asia Minor coast of the Black Sea. It is located in the southwestern part of Crimea, near the bay, which is currently called Karantinnaya. In the earliest layers of Chersonesos, archaeologists found a significant number of shards (fragments) of archaic black-figure ceramics, which date back no later than the 6th century. BC BC Chersonesos was a Greek colony founded in 529/528. BC e. came from Heraclea Pontus, located on the Asia Minor coast of the Black Sea. It is located in the southwestern part of Crimea, near the bay, which is currently called Karantinnaya. In the earliest layers of Chersonesos, archaeologists found a significant number of shards (fragments) of archaic black-figure ceramics, which date back no later than the 6th century. BC e.) In the 3rd century. BC e. The historian Siriscus lived in Chersonesos, who described the history of the city and its relationship with the Bosporus and other cities of the Black Sea region. A memorial decree dating back to the second half of the 3rd century preserved a mention of this historian. BC e. In the first centuries A.D. e. An oligarchic republic was established in Chersonesos, power in which belonged to a small circle of influential, noble and obedient persons to Rome. In the 60s of the 1st century, the Romans organized a large military expedition to Taurica to repel the Scythians, who again threatened the city. After the defeat of the Scythians by the troops of the tribune Plautius Silvanus, Chersonesos became an outpost of Roman troops in the Northern Black Sea region.

Economy Trade of Chersonesus was mainly intermediary. From the Greek cities of Asia Minor, the islands of the Aegean Sea and mainland Greece (Heraclea, Sinope, Delos, Rhodes, Athens), traders brought here jewelry made of precious metals, weapons, painted black-lacquerware, olive oil, marble, etc. Some of these goods were resold to Scythian neighbors. A significant share of Chersonese exports were native goods: bread, livestock, leather, furs, honey, wax, and slaves. The Chersonesites turned the Heraclean peninsula into their agricultural district, where fortifications, estates were erected, plots were demarcated, vineyards and gardens were planted. Viticulture and winemaking formed the basis of local agriculture. Crafts developed in the city itself: pottery, blacksmithing, foundry, construction and bone carving. At all times, the inhabitants of Chersonesos were excellent sailors and fishermen. The trade of Chersonese was mainly intermediary. From the Greek cities of Asia Minor, the islands of the Aegean Sea and mainland Greece (Heraclea, Sinope, Delos, Rhodes, Athens), traders brought here jewelry made of precious metals, weapons, painted black-lacquerware, olive oil, marble, etc. Some of these goods were resold to Scythian neighbors. A significant share of Chersonese exports were native goods: bread, livestock, leather, furs, honey, wax, and slaves. The Chersonesites turned the Heraclean peninsula into their agricultural district, where fortifications, estates were erected, plots were demarcated, vineyards and gardens were planted. Viticulture and winemaking formed the basis of local agriculture. Crafts developed in the city itself: pottery, blacksmithing, foundry, construction and bone carving. At all times, the inhabitants of Chersonesos were excellent sailors and fishermen.

Excavations Only 400 years later, in 1827, by order of the chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and ports A.S. Greig, the first excavations for scientific purposes were carried out at the site of the lost Chersonese, during which three temples were discovered. The work was carried out, presumably, by the captain of the Sevastopol port, Moritz Borisovich Berkh. They were subsequently carried out by individuals and organizations. The most systematic excavations began in the late 80s of the last century. A great enthusiast and organizer of the future museum, K.K. Kostsyushko-Valyuzhinich, gave them twenty years of his life. During the years of Soviet power, the Chersonesos Historical and Archaeological Reserve turned into one of the largest research centers, became a base where scientific archaeologists from all over the world conduct research work and University students are doing internships. Systematic excavations have helped to reconstruct the history of the ancient city-state. Only 400 years later, in 1827, by order of the chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and ports A.S. Greig, the first excavations for scientific purposes were carried out at the site of the lost Chersonese, during which three temples were discovered. The work was carried out, presumably, by the captain of the Sevastopol port, Moritz Borisovich Berkh. They were subsequently carried out by individuals and organizations. The most systematic excavations began in the late 80s of the last century. A great enthusiast and organizer of the future museum, K.K. Kostsyushko-Valyuzhinich, gave them twenty years of his life. During the years of Soviet power, the Chersonesos Historical and Archaeological Reserve turned into one of the largest research centers, became a base where scientific archaeologists from all over the world conduct research work and University students are doing internships. Systematic excavations have helped to reconstruct the history of the ancient city-state.

Presentation on the topic: Chersonese Tauride Prepared by (Chersonese Tauric) Kolesnikova E.N.

Chersonese Tauric, or simply Chersonese (ancient Greek. Χερσόνησος - ἡχερσόνησος: “Peninsula”, in Byzantine times - Kherson, in the Genoese period - Sarson, in Russian chronicles - Korsun) - a policy based on the ancient Greeks Heracleian peninsula in the south -Western coast of Crimea. Now Chersonese is located on the territory of the Gagarin district of Sevastopol. For two thousand years, Hersonissos was a major political, economic and cultural center of the Northern Black Sea.

The central area of ​​Hersonissos. Located in the middle of the main street. Planted here in the initial planning of the city in V. BC. e. it has not changed his appointment to his death. In ancient times, there were temples, altars, statues of gods, ruling People's Council. After the adoption of Christianity in the IV. on the square, a new architectural ensemble, consisting of 7 churches. In the middle of the XIX century in honor of Prince Vladimir of Kiev on it to build a cathedral that bears his name.

Ruins of Chersonesus Cathedral of St. Vladimir in Chersonesos

Sevastopol (Ukr. Sevastopol, from 1797 to 1826 years - Ahtiar) –is a city in the south-west of the Crimean peninsula on the Black Sea coast. Ice-free sea trade and fishing port, industrial, scientific, technical, recreational, cultural and historical center. The historic center of Sevastopol is located on the south side of Sevastopol Bay. Sevastopol is the main naval base of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation.

The date of the founding of modern Sevastopol is considered on the 3 (14) June On this day, under the direction of Rear Admiral Thomas Fomicha Mackenzie laid the first four stone buildings Sevastopol: Sevastopol squadron commander house Mekkenzi Thomas (Thomas Fomicha), a chapel, a smithy in the Admiralty and the marina, later called Count. Founder of the city was Rear Admiral Thomas Scottish descent Fomich Mackenzie. But even five years earlier be Aleksandra Suvorov on the banks of the Sevastopol bay were built the first earthworks and posted Russian troops. Initially the settlemeny the decision it was called Ahtiar, on behalf of the former in place of the city of the Crimean-Turkish Great Yar, while 10 (21) February 1784 Catherine II issued a decree making G. A. Potemkin arrange in its place a large fortress and called Sevastopol. The city was built on the funds received from the Potemkin Novorossiysk land. Administrative Sevastopol became part of Taurian area, which has been part of the Ekaterinoslav governorship.

On March 6, 2014 at the extraordinary session of the Sevastopol City Council adopted decisions on entering the city of Sevastopol in the Russian Federation to support the decision of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea Crimean average to hold a referendum on the participation of the city and in its implementation

On March 16 referendum was held on the status of Crimea. ON March, 17 protocol Sevastopol city referendum commission was unanimously approved by the city council. According to the protocol, participated in the referendum 89.5% of the voters of Sevastopol and 95.6% of them were in favor of joining the Crimea to Russia

The daffodil is Welshmen`s national emblem. A. Vitko, A. Chaly, O. Belavenets, D. Kozak and Dmitry Medvedev at the memorial of the heroic defense of Sevastopol, March 31, 2014

Mint

Tourism Yacht tourism In Sevastopol, currently operate seven yacht clubs currently operate. In the waters of Sevastopol held sailing festivals, regattas and conferences, including the Ukrainian Black Sea Rally regatta "Sitronics Intellect Cup", Black Boat Rally "Kaira", organized by the Turkish sailing marina "attack", Sailing Festival in Sevastopol.

The rich historical heritage of the military led to the development of military tourism in the city. Big attraction different military-historical reconstructions (jousting tournaments held at the Genoese, the battle of the Crimean War in the reconstructed Death Valley at Balaklava and the historic boulevard of Sevastopol on Sapun hill traditionally held militarized-dramatized holiday "Banners of Glory")