Main institutes of art management. Art management and gallery business

I. Typical contracts, main responsibilities and their classification

II. Main points of the content of an obligation as a legal relationship

II. Basic principles and rules of official conduct of state (municipal) employees

II. The main goals and objectives of the Program, the period and stages of its implementation, target indicators and indicators

The structure of the art industry consists of the following organizations:

Concert companies - philharmonic societies, concert associations and agencies, directorates and concert centers, independent artistic groups, concert halls, as well as other enterprises and organizations whose subject of activity is the organization and holding of concert events;

Theatrical and entertainment enterprises - theaters, circuses, stage circuses, etc.;

Production and promotion companies;

Recording studios;

Entertainment and entertainment enterprises;

Creative associations and agencies.

Depending on the nature of the property, these organizations can be:

Owners of material and technical resources;

Users of material and technical resources;

Owners and managers of material and technical resources.

According to the composition of the founders, these organizations can act as:

State;

Municipal;

Private;

Corporate.

By the nature of administrative and legal certainty there can be:

Independent legal entities;

An administrative-legal unit within a legal entity;

A structural unit within a legal entity;

A structural unit within an administrative unit that is part of a legal entity.

In relation to other similar organizations they can act as:

Association of legal entities and (or) individuals;

An independent subject.

Depending on the nature of the financing, there may be:

Budgetary;

Self-supporting, but not commercial;

Entrepreneurial (commercial).

According to their organizational and legal form they are divided into:

- commercial, whose main goal is to make a profit as a result of their activities;

- non-profits that do not depend on financial results, and obtaining the maximum possible profit is not the goal of all their activities.

The fundamentals of the financial and economic activities of art industry organizations are determined by legislative and regulatory acts corresponding to the particular organizational form in which the organization was created and operates.

Management in the field of professional art in general is a combination of management of the artistic process, organizational and economic activities; its goal is to create favorable conditions for the creation, propaganda and dissemination of art, copyright protection, and achieve a certain optimal financial result. Solving these problems is inextricably linked with improving the culture of serving the population, with the creation of services for various categories of the population.

Management activities in art industry organizations are carried out at four levels, regulating:

The relationship between society and organization - through a system of legislative and regulatory acts regulating the processes of creation, operation and liquidation of a specific organization;

The relationship of these organizations with each other and other enterprises and institutions is through a system of contracts;

The relationship between the organization and the potential audience through the marketing and pricing system;

The relationship of an organization with its constituent artistic groups, structural divisions and individual employees is through a system of contracts and administrative acts of the organization’s administration.

Today's concert agencies are the successors to large government organizations and companies. Every year the number of created concert organizations is steadily growing and expanding geographically. This factor depends on the increasing interests and needs of the viewing audience every year, as well as the economic and financial capabilities of the regions and the level of purchasing power in them. This phenomenon cannot be called negative because: firstly, the market for cultural services is becoming saturated, secondly, the cultural industry is developing, thirdly, not only are the needs of the audience being met, but also a new system of relationships between show business subjects and government agencies is being formed.

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The educational program “Art Management and Gallery Business” was created to train future and current art managers, gallerists, art dealers, employees of museums and auction houses, and those who want to develop and actively participate in the formation of the art market.

The course will help you understand contemporary art, navigate the art market, create your own cultural project, develop a base of useful contacts and find like-minded people.

Business education: 9 months (Tuesday and Thursday: 19.00–22.15, Saturday: 14.00–17.15). Training includes lectures, master classes, field trips to museums and galleries, and work on your own projects.

After successfully passing tests and exams and defending their final certification work, students receive a diploma of professional retraining in the “Art Management and Gallery Business” program. .

Place: RMA training center, (Moscow, Kurskaya/Chkalovskaya metro station)

Who will be interested in the program

People who want to understand the art industry and start working in the field of art.

For those who want to open a gallery or launch a project in the cultural field.

Art historians, cultural experts, curators who want to understand the business processes of the modern art market.

Museum employees who want to improve their skills.

Artists who want to promote their work independently or find a competent manager.

Anyone who lacks professional connections and contacts of art managers, gallerists and other industry representatives.

Training program

The curriculum consists of lectures and master classes covering all the necessary knowledge and skills for managing an art project: “Management in the art industry”, “History and theory of contemporary art”, “Management of an organization in the field of culture”, “Economics and finance in the field of art", "Marketing. PR & media planning".

In addition to lectures at the RMA training center, classes are held at the A.S. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin, Museum of Moscow, Multimedia Art Museum, Moscow Museum of Modern Art, galleries, at the Cosmoscow fair. Students study in practice how the spaces of museums and galleries are arranged, how the exhibition process and logistics are organized, and learn about technical nuances and team work.

At the end of the training, students defend a thesis, which can become a ready-made business plan for a gallery or other project in the field of art, a museum development strategy, or an artist promotion program. Certified graduates receive the right to attend closed lectures on art management even after graduation.

Teachers

Classes are taught by current participants in the art business: museum directors, gallery owners, representatives of art fairs, art dealers and managers of cultural institutions. The faculty also regularly organizes master classes and creative meetings with artists and curators. In addition to knowledge, students receive professional contacts that will help them become part of the art industry.

Victoria Kondrashova

Director of the Russian office of the Viennacontemporary fair

Internships

During their studies, students can take part in specialized internships at art fairs, foundations and galleries. Assistance in organizing and conducting events, working with VIP guests and artists, internships in PR departments provide an opportunity to apply the knowledge gained and understand how everything works in practice.

Especially for its students and graduates, the RMA business school regularly organizes business trips around Russia and foreign internships, during which participants get acquainted with international experience and attend master classes of key experts in the field of culture.

Career in the art industry

After completing your studies, you will be able to organize cultural projects of any scale, open a gallery, work in a museum in any position, engage in fundraising and PR, promote artists and develop institutions. We regularly publish new vacancies in the art industry, available only to RMA students and graduates.

Graduates of the Faculty of Art Management and Gallery Business work in museums (Tretyakov Gallery, Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Museum of Moscow, MAMM, MMOMA, Art4), galleries (CW Gallery, Omelchenko Gallery, Art Fragment, Orekhov Gallery, Artis Project), Vladey auction house, at the Cosmoscow fair.

Graduates also open galleries and develop projects in the cultural sphere:

Tamuna Arshba (Erti Gallery, Georgia)

Elena Belonogova and Nadezhda Zinovskaya (Center for Contemporary Art CUBE Moscow)

Anastasia Bushueva (Gallery XVI)

Nadezhda Vinnichenko (VG Gallery)

Konstantin Volkov (Art-Penza Gallery)

Irina Marinova (MIZK Gallery)

Alexandra Moskovskaya (educational project Science.me)

Elena Parshina (PA Gallery)

Ekaterina Khrustaleva (S E L E C T I O N Art Show, USA)

Bonuses for students and graduates

Certified graduates can attend lectures at the Faculty of Art Management and Gallery Business after graduation.

Visiting specialized conferences, seminars, exhibitions with discounts or free of charge.

From partners of the RMA business school in museums, restaurants, sports clubs.

MAIN ART MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS

INTRODUCTION

Art management today is considered as one of the functional-role activities associated with the processes of selection, storage, production and distribution of cultural values. Based on the fact that art management is also the process of managing the production of a product of the cultural services market, which includes all the structural elements of management (planning, organization, motivation, control) of the organization of people engaged in this production, it can be argued that art management is a set of management techniques (planning, organization, motivation, control) characteristic of classical management, and a special type of management activity in the field of art, which includes the process of creating and distributing artistic products.
As for the activities of an art manager in the modern sociocultural sphere, it is an independent profession with its own professional-specific tools and skills, clearly different from other professions. The activities of an art manager should be considered based on the meaning of the term “function”: activity, duty, work, external manifestation of properties, role, task.
The most direct application of art management technologies is revealed in the activities of cultural entities that provide mass cultural activities: clubs, entertainment institutions, children's institutions, media, cinema, video, rental, museums, libraries, parks, educational institutions and art entities: concert halls, theaters , circus, galleries and exhibition halls, film studios, folk arts and crafts, artistic groups.
The artist’s creative activity in art is revealed through his direct interaction with the viewer, the listener - the consumer of such an extraordinary product, such as a play, a film, a classical music concert, a circus program, a variety show performance, a vernissage of works of fine art, etc. In order to make This interaction is more enjoyable for both the performer and the viewer; it is most appropriate that there is a special kind of professional.
The professional responsibilities of an art manager include searching for and the most difficult work of creating a “star” of pop, cinema, theater, and opera. He must be able to find a suitable director-producer of the upcoming spectacle, establish competent contact with him, hire a production designer, sound engineer, costume designer, stage workers, determine what theatrical equipment needs to be rented or purchased, and draw up a rehearsal schedule. This specialist must have knowledge of the regulatory framework for activities in the field of art, the intricacies of drawing up a business plan, simple estimates, and the ability to find sponsors who invest financial resources in the development of an individual performer or group.
As shown by the practice of development of the sociocultural sphere in our country and the analysis of a few theoretical sources (monographs, textbooks and teaching aids of domestic experts on art management and management in the field of culture and art (Tulchinsky G.L. “Management in the field of culture”; Mikheeva N .A., Galenskaya L.N. “Management in the sociocultural sphere”; T.G. Krasilnikov “Socio-cultural activities”; G.N. Novikova “Technologies of art management” and others), Western experience and transferring it to domestic soil turns out to be little productive without significant adjustments and taking into account historical and cultural traditions.
At the same time, the art manager, as a subject of sociocultural processes, is called upon to play a huge role in the activities of organizations and institutions of culture and art.

1. THE CONCEPT OF A CULTURAL INSTITUTE

Continuity in culture, preservation of created ones, creation and dissemination of new values, their functioning - all this is supported and regulated with the help of social cultural institutions.
Turning to the study of culture and cultural life of society, it is impossible to ignore such a phenomenon as social cultural institutions (or cultural institutions). The term “cultural institution” is increasingly entering scientific circulation today. It is widely used in various contexts by representatives of the social sciences and humanities. As a rule, it is used to refer to diverse and numerous cultural phenomena. However, domestic and foreign cultural researchers do not yet have a unified interpretation of it, just as there is currently no developed holistic concept covering the essence, structure and functions of the social institution of culture, or cultural institution.
The concepts of “institution”, “institutionalization” (from the Latin institutum - establishment, establishment) are traditionally used in social, political, and legal sciences. An institution in the context of social sciences appears as a component of the social life of society, existing in the form of organizations, institutions, associations (for example, the institution of a church); in another, broader sense, the concept of “institution” is interpreted as a set of stable norms, principles and rules in any area of social life (the institution of property, the institution of marriage, etc.). Thus, social sciences associate the concept of “institution” with highly organized and systemic social formations characterized by a stable structure.
The origins of the institutional understanding of culture go back to the works of the prominent American social anthropologist and culturologist B. Malinovsky.
In the article “Culture” (1931), B. Malinovsky notes: “The real components of culture, which have a significant degree of constancy, universality and independence, are organized systems of human activity called institutions. Each institution is built around one or another fundamental need, permanently unites a group of people on the basis of some common task, and has its own special doctrine and special technique.”
The institutional approach has found further development in modern domestic cultural studies. Currently, domestic cultural studies interprets the concept of “cultural institution” in two senses - direct and expansive.
A cultural institution in the literal sense most often correlates with various organizations and institutions that directly carry out the functions of preservation, transmission, development, study of culture and culturally significant phenomena. These, for example, include libraries, museums, theaters, philharmonic societies, creative unions, societies for the protection of cultural heritage, etc.
Along with the concept of a cultural institution, various publications often use the traditional concept of a cultural institution, and in theoretical cultural studies - a cultural form: a club as a cultural institution, a library, a museum as cultural forms.
We can also correlate educational institutions such as schools and universities with the concept of a cultural institution. These include educational institutions directly related to the cultural sphere: music and art schools, theater universities, conservatories, institutes of culture and the arts.
A social institution of culture in a broad sense is a historically established and functioning order, a norm (institution) for the implementation of any cultural function, as a rule, generated spontaneously and not specifically regulated by any institution or organization. To these we can include various rituals, cultural norms, philosophical schools and artistic styles, salons, circles and much more.
The concept of a cultural institution covers not only a group of people engaged in one or another type of cultural activity, but also the very process of creating cultural values and the procedure for implementing cultural norms (the institution of authorship in art, the institution of worship, the institution of initiation, the institution of funerals, etc.).
It is obvious that, regardless of the choice of aspect of interpretation - direct or expansive - a cultural institution is the most important instrument of collective activity for the creation, preservation and transmission of cultural products, cultural values and norms.
It is possible to find approaches to revealing the essence of the phenomenon of a cultural institution based on the systemic-functional and activity-based approach to culture proposed by M.S. Kagan.
Cultural institutions are stable (and at the same time historically changeable) formations, norms that arose as a result of human activity. As components of the morphological structure of human activity M.S. Kagan identified the following: transformation, communication, cognition and value consciousness. Based on this model, we can identify the main areas of activity of cultural institutions:

Creating a typology and classification of cultural institutions is a difficult task. This is due, firstly, to the enormous variety and number of cultural institutions themselves and, secondly, to the variety of their functions.
One and the same social cultural institution can perform several functions. For example, a museum performs the function of preserving and transmitting cultural heritage and is also a scientific and educational institution. At the same time, in a broader sense of understanding institutionalization, the museum in modern culture is one of the most significant, complex in its essence and multifunctional cultural institutions. If we consider the most important functions of a museum in culture, it can be represented by:

The range of proposed models is obvious - from a narrow institutional model to one that elevates the museum to the level of a factor determining the development of culture and the preservation of cultural diversity. Moreover, there is no consensus among researchers about which of the museum’s functions should be considered the main one. Some, for example J. Benes, put the social significance of the museum and its role in the development of society in the first place. In this regard, it is assumed that the main task of museums is to develop and educate visitors, and all other functions, for example, aesthetic, should be subordinated to it. Others, in particular I. Neustupny, consider the museum, first of all, as a research institution, especially noting the need for museum workers to conduct fundamental research. The functions of collecting, storing and popularizing collections are secondary and must be subordinated to the requirements of scientific research work, which must use the full potential of scientific knowledge accumulated in this area, and not be limited to existing collections. One way or another, a museum is one of the most significant, multifunctional cultural institutions.
A number of functions within the framework of the activities of a cultural institute are indirect, applied in nature, going beyond the scope of the main mission. Thus, many museums and museum-reserves carry out relaxation and hedonic functions as part of tourism programs.
Various cultural institutions can comprehensively solve a common problem, for example, the educational function is carried out by the vast majority of them: museums, libraries, philharmonic societies, universities and many others.
Some functions are provided simultaneously by different institutions: museums, libraries, societies for the protection of monuments, and international organizations (UNESCO) are engaged in the preservation of cultural heritage.
The main (leading) functions of cultural institutions ultimately determine their specificity in the overall system. Among these functions are the following:

Such functions are performed by museums, libraries, archives, museum-reserves, societies for the protection of monuments, etc.
There are a number of other functions of social cultural institutions:

Institutions dealing with the development of artistic activity include art schools and music colleges, creative unions and associations, competitions, festivals, exhibitions and galleries, architectural, art and restoration workshops, film studios and film distribution institutions, theaters (dramatic and musical), concert structures , circuses, as well as book publishing and bookselling institutions, secondary and higher educational institutions of artistic profile.
Cultural institutions embody the stability of cultural forms, but they exist in historical dynamics.
For example, the library as a cultural institution has existed for many centuries, changing and transforming externally and internally. Its main function was the preservation and dissemination of knowledge. To this were added various aspects of existential content and differences in understanding the essence of the library in one or another period of the history and culture of society.
Today there is an opinion that the traditional library is becoming obsolete, that it has partly lost its true purpose and no longer meets the requirements that modern society places on it, and therefore it will soon be replaced by a “virtual library”. Modern researchers talk about the need to understand and evaluate the changes taking place in modern libraries. Libraries, while maintaining their status as a repository of intellectual values, are becoming more democratic, equipped with electronic storage media, and connected to the World Wide Web. At the same time, dangerous consequences are already visible. Displaying information on monitors and accessing the Internet radically transforms not only the library, but also the writing and reading person. In modern information systems, the distinction between author and reader almost disappears. What remains is the one who sends and the one who receives the information.
Moreover, in the past, the library was primarily a state institution and carried out state policy in the spiritual life of society. The library as a cultural institution established certain cultural norms and rules, and in this sense it was a “disciplinary space”. But at the same time, it was a kind of space of freedom precisely because personal choice (as well as personal libraries) made it possible to overcome something forbidden, regulated from above.
Cultural institutions can be divided into public, public and private. The interaction between cultural institutions and the state is an important issue.
Some cultural institutions are directly related to the system of state management of cultural life and the cultural policy of the state. This includes the Ministry of Culture, various government agencies, academies, organizations that issue awards - state prizes, honorary titles in the field of culture and the arts.
The main bodies planning and making decisions on cultural policy issues are government bodies. In a democratic state, as a rule, experts and the general public are involved in decision-making. The bodies implementing the cultural policy of the state are cultural institutions. Patronized by the state and included in its cultural policy, they, in turn, are called upon to carry out the function of translating patterns of social adequacy of people into patterns of social prestige, i.e. propaganda of norms of social adequacy as the most prestigious forms of social existence, as paths to social status. For example, the awarding of state prizes, academic titles ("artist of the imperial theaters", "academician of painting", "people's artist", etc.) and state awards.
The most important cultural institutions, as a rule, are in the sphere of state cultural policy. For example, the state provides patronage to outstanding museums, theaters, symphony orchestras and protection of cultural monuments, etc. Thus, in Great Britain there is a powerful system of state support for culture. In the Soviet Union, the state fully financed culture and carried out its ideology through cultural institutions.
Research and educational institutes of culture and the arts play a certain role in the implementation of state policy in the field of culture.
Cultural institutions participate in the international activities of the state, for example, making mandatory contributions to the UNESCO fund.
Currently, many cultural institutions are moving from government departments to private enterprise and public organizations. Thus, the film distribution network in modern Russia has freed itself from the ideological and financial tutelage of the state. Private museums, theatrical enterprises, etc. appeared.
Public cultural institutions are various creative unions: the Union of Cultural Workers, the Union of Artists, the Union of Writers, the Society of Russian Estate Lovers, the Society for the Protection of Cultural Monuments, clubs, tourist organizations, etc.
Private cultural institutions are organized on the initiative of individuals. This may include, for example, literary circles and salons.
In the past, a characteristic feature of salons that distinguished them from other cultural institutions, such as, for example, men's literary circles and clubs, was the dominance of women. Receptions in salons (living rooms) gradually turned into a special kind of public gatherings, organized by the mistress of the house, who always led the intellectual discussions. At the same time, she created fashion for the guests (the public), their ideas, their works (usually literary and musical; in later salons - also scientific and political). The following key features of the salon as a cultural institution can be identified:

2. MAIN CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS

2.1. Museum as a socio-cultural institution

Museum is a research or scientific educational institution that stores, collects, studies and popularizes monuments of natural history, material and spiritual culture.
In many cases, the reasons for the emergence of museums are similar to those for which nation-states arose several centuries earlier. Museums were primarily called upon to implement the state ideology, as well as to be collectors, accumulators and distributors of information formed by this ideology. They were supposed to serve state policy and implement it on the ground. In response to this, the state directed part of its financial and other material resources to cultural institutions. In particular, museums were charged with collecting and preserving everything related to the culture, social and natural history of a given country or territory.
Museum fund is a collection of monuments of natural history, material and spiritual culture, managed by museums, permanent exhibitions, scientific institutions and educational institutions. The museum fund also includes collections and individual objects collected by various expeditions and having museum value.
Types of museums – scientific and educational, research, educational.
Museum profiles - historical, technical, agricultural, natural science, art history, literary, memorial, comprehensive, local history, etc.
Museums are historical (exhibitions are dedicated to historical events), local history (the story of the native land and the people inhabiting it - Zeya Museum of Local Lore), zoological (exhibitions include stuffed animals, etc.), enterprise museums (Museum of Zeya Hydroelectric Power Station), museums dedicated to certain types of activities (Museum of Gold Mining in Zee), currently even in many schools there are “Rooms of Glory” - small museums with an exhibition about the most outstanding graduates. The greatest fame has been gained by painting museums (Tretyakov Gallery, Hermitage, Museum of Fine Arts), as well as museums dedicated to historical figures (Pushkin Museum, Lenin Museum, Tolstoy Estate Museum, etc.) The so-called “Kunstkammers” are very popular in our time - museums of wax figures, the exhibitions of which try to most reliably reproduce famous personalities or other people (exhibition “The Court of Empress Catherine”, “Anomalies of the Human Body”, etc.) The museum can be dedicated to what -or one event (“Malaya Zemlya”, panorama museum in Novorossiysk). Museum expositions can be located in their historical place (“Kursk Bulge” is an open-air museum).
Museums turned out to be completely unprepared for the market, especially since the emerging market economy in Russia had no time for them either. The only way to survive was to extract money from the authorities, foreign philanthropists, or patronage.
But gradually culture turned out to be in demand, moreover, fashionable and prestigious; it turned out that people were willing to pay for “cultural leisure,” and pay a lot. And, of course, children: it turned out that parents are not happy with their children playing on the computer and watching action films; they should be introduced to the arts. The fundamental function of the museum business - cultural enlightenment - and the interests of the museum business, which require openness, fascination, and learning, that is, the same cultural enlightenment, coincided. This is how virtual museums appeared (website www.muzeum.ru).
The Internet allows access to museum exhibits to potentially the widest range of network users, allows the museum to express itself and provides opportunities that a real museum does not have, thereby expanding the circle of visitors.
Use of modern technologies for the convenience of museum visitors: guides on cassettes, electronic catalogs, etc. - greatly diversified the visit to museums.

2.2. Park as a socio-cultural institution

In 1928, the Central Park of Culture and Recreation (CPKiO) was founded in Moscow, thus marking the beginning of the creation of new cultural institutions - parks of Culture and Recreation. After the Great Patriotic War (WWII), PKiO, like other cultural institutions, significantly expanded the scope of their activities, increasingly becoming involved in holding mass holidays.
A park as a cultural institution is a piece of land with natural or planted vegetation, alleys, ponds, etc., intended for walks, entertainment, holding public holidays for the population, as well as the operation of various attractions. PKiO is a seasonal institution, operating only in the warm season - from late spring to early autumn.
The main activities of the park:

2.3. Libraries

A library is a cultural institution that organizes the collection, storage and public use of printed materials. The history of Russian libraries dates back to the 11th – 12th centuries from Kievan Rus. By the 14th – 15th centuries, the number of books copied in Moscow, Tver, Nizhny Novgorod and other cities increased. This process was accelerated by the advent of paper in the 14th century, replacing ancient parchments. In the second half of the 15th century, there was already a book trade in Moscow. The main stimulator of the development of books was printing, introduced in Rus' by decree of Ivan the Terrible and Metropolitan Macarius. In 1564, the first printed book, “The Apostle,” was published by a printing house built in Moscow with government money. The number of books written by Russian authors has increased. The tradition of “educational literature” arose (the first textbooks raised issues of education, morality, family relationships, etc.) The texts of all kinds of “Words” and “Teachings” were placed in collections called “Izmaragd”, “Golden Chain”, etc. and addressed clergy (as auxiliary material for sermons) and laity. In the middle of the 16th century, Domostroy was published - a set of rules and advice on housekeeping. In the 17th century, translations of Latin and German books were made in Moscow and the first libraries with collections of foreign works appeared.
The creation in Russia, in accordance with the imperial decree of 1783, of free printing houses contributed to an increase in the number of books and the development of periodicals, and an increase in the interest of educated nobles in reading. In the 18th century, the first secular libraries were opened at the Academy of Sciences and Moscow University. The first large public library was opened in St. Petersburg in 1814.
After the October Revolution, all libraries became open, their number increased sharply (this was due to the trend of enlightening the working class). The number of libraries in rural areas also increased. The pace of book publishing (including educational literature) increased. There were mobile libraries that traveled around remote settlements and peasant farms. In 1930, the Moscow Library Institute was opened, and library workers also received qualifications in library technical schools and library departments in pedagogical schools.
During the Second World War, libraries did not stop their work locally and on the move, taking on part of the propaganda and explanatory work with the population. The book collections of libraries suffered during the war. In the country's public libraries alone, 100 million books were stolen and destroyed (there are cases when books were simply used for kindling).
After the war, the network of libraries was actively restored. The emergence of public libraries and reading libraries dates back to the early 60s. In 1964, library institutes were renamed cultural institutes. By 1979, there were 350 thousand libraries in the USSR.
Modern libraries vary in focus. Mass libraries – with a book collection of various contents, designed for readers of any age and profession (city, district, regional libraries). Scientific libraries (universal, sectoral and scientific-technical) - collecting printed publications according to the direction (Library of the Academy of Sciences, Library of Foreign Literature, Medical Library, etc.).
Modern library science studies the history of librarianship, library collections and catalogues, and reader demand. There are specialized libraries for the disabled (Library for the Blind in Moscow).
A new milestone in the development of librarianship in Russia was the opening of virtual libraries on the Internet. On specialized sites (www.lib.ru, etc.), Internet users can find almost any book, including rare ones, and download it to their computer and read it.

2.4. Social and cultural complexes (SCC) and leisure centers

SCC and Leisure Centers are a state cultural institution, which includes clubs and circles of various directions, amateur art groups, and methodological departments. The main tasks of the SCC and CD are:

SCCs and Leisure Centers perform the following functions:

SCC and CD also create creative and technical workshops, rent equipment and costumes, and carry out social and creative orders.
Carrying out their creative tasks, the SCC and CD set themselves the main goal in their work: the creation of a unified concept that determines the qualitative side of the city’s cultural work, the introduction of new progressive forms of work, the preservation, improvement and development of amateur groups. The main activities of the Social and Cultural Center are: development of the cultural life of the city, creation of a favorable cultural environment, support of various forms of socio-cultural activities of the city population, satisfaction of public needs in cultural and leisure activities, development of folk art. The main task of leisure centers is to provide paid services to the population and create conditions for active recreation.
SCC and CD have their own charter, they are led by a director, but representatives of all associations of SCC and CD take part in the discussion of all projects. The Artistic Council supervises the work of the director.
The following circles, associations and amateur art groups can operate on the basis of the SCC and CD:

The methodological department of the SCC and CD is engaged in the development of scenarios and the preparation and organization of leisure, concert and other programs. The responsibilities of the logistics and administrative departments of the input
etc.................

Art

History of the development of art management in modern Russia.

Today in Russia there is a rethinking of the traditional understanding of cultural management as exclusively the activities of the heads of cultural organizations to promote them towards their goals in the most effective way. Today, “art management” does not mean the management of cultural institutions, but a conscious activity aimed at regulating processes in this area and influencing the economic, political, social and spiritual components of society. Art management is presented as a new space for

dissemination of the theory and practice of organization management in the sphere

culture. However, most creative workers deny any

administration, and this leads to the fact that management activities in

art is replaced by ethical and ideological motives, which

negatively affects the performance of organizations

culture in market conditions.

New management paradigm of the 21st century. determined the appearance

such areas in management as “Strategic Management”,

“Personnel Management”, “Innovation Management”, “Business Process Management”, “Cross-Cultural Management”, “Project Management”.

History of the formation and development of art management in St. Petersburg.

In St. Petersburg in the last third of the 19th century. Exhibitions organized by various artistic associations came to the fore as a market mechanism. An association (society, partnership, circle) as a form of self-organization of artists has become an integral part of the structure of the art market, an organizer and regulator of market relations. In the 1950s–1980s. in Leningrad, in parallel with the officially existing system of payment for artistic work, an unofficial market system, which had its own specific features, developed (mainly in the underground environment).

The concept of "art industry".

Art industry (from Latin art-, industria - activity) is a field of activity, a sector of the art market, which includes the production, sale of works of art and cultural services, related sectors and consumer audiences.

Transformation of the art industry over the past twenty years: from a closed club for the world's elite to a fast-growing segment of the consumer market. Hundreds of thousands of people buy art, information about collectibles is more accessible, and the most valuable pieces of art, in addition to their consumer properties, have the ability to protect capital during periods of financial instability, which attracts professional investors to the art market. The art industry serving the global art market is rapidly growing and professionalizing.

Art management - management in the field of art; a set of principles, methods, and means for realizing the opportunities of entrepreneurship in the field of art. The basis of professional art management is an organization (theater, philharmonic, production center, etc.), the effectiveness of which depends on the correctly found model, as well as the personality and professional training of the manager. Each area of the art business has its own management models and criteria for its effectiveness. Cultural entrepreneurship is no exception. This area has its own indicators of the effectiveness of organizational management processes.

The goals of art management are: promotion of professional art, creation of conditions for creativity and professional growth of performers, development of genres of professional art.

The structure of the art industry is made up of the following organizations: concert companies - philharmonic societies, concert associations and agencies, directorates and concert centers, independent artistic groups, concert halls, as well as other enterprises and organizations whose subject of activity is the organization and holding of concert events; theatrical and entertainment enterprises - theaters, circuses, stage circuses, etc.; production and promotion companies; recording studios; entertainment and entertainment enterprises; creative associations and agencies. Depending on the nature of the property, these organizations can be: owners of material and technical resources, users of material and technical resources, owners and managers of material and technical resources. Depending on the composition of the founders, these organizations can act as: state, municipal, private, corporate. By the nature of the administrative-legal certainty they can be: independent legal entities, an administrative-legal unit as part of a legal entity, a structural unit as part of a legal entity, a structural unit as part of an administrative unit that is part of a legal entity. In relation to other similar organizations, they can act as: an association of legal and (or) individuals, an independent entity. Depending on the nature of the financing, they can be: budgetary, self-supporting, but not commercial, entrepreneurial (commercial). According to the organizational and legal form, they are divided into: commercial, the main goal of which is to make a profit as a result of their activities; non-profits that do not depend on financial results, and obtaining the maximum possible profit is not the goal of all their activities. The fundamentals of the financial and economic activities of art industry organizations are determined by legislative and regulatory acts corresponding to the particular organizational form in which the organization was created and operates.

Genres and types of art.

Art really exists in the system of its types: literature. theater, graphics, painting, sculpture, choreography, music, architecture, circus, art photography, cinema, television, applied and decorative arts.

The artistic development of humanity is two opposing processes: from syncretism to the formation of individual types of art and from individual types of art to their synthesis.

Thus, from undivided, united artistic thinking in ancient times, dance, singing, music, theater, and literature sprang off. In the 19th century, artistic photography was formed and the process of demarcation between painting and graphics, which was completed by the impressionists, deepened. Then new types of art are formed through their synthesis: cinema is both a separate type of art and a synthesis of a number of types of art, the same applies to television.

A lot of classifications of art forms have been created, but all of them are unable to completely avoid formal aspects. In the 19th century, a tradition arose to divide all types of art into spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal, as well as into visual and expressive.

Among the diverse types of art, there are those that are closest to human labor activity and are directly related to production. This is architecture, decorative and applied arts, design. On the other hand, there are types of art that are closest to play. These are all acting, performing arts. Taken in the totality of its varieties, art seems to smoothly emerge from the sphere of work and just as smoothly passes into the sphere of play. But art is also a special type of ideology and knowledge of the world. This meaning appears most directly in the literature. Therefore, literature is, as it were, at the center of the art system, the phalanges of which are formed by the labor (applied) and gaming (entertainment) arts. The transitional spheres are fine arts and sound art (music). They reveal common properties, on the one hand, between labor arts and literature (the directly objective and at the same time narrative nature of the fine arts), on the other hand, between literature and play arts (sound, procedural and at the same time executive, playful nature music).

The system of art forms, resulting from the nature of artistic activity, is thus expressed in the following scheme: DPI, Fine Arts, Lit, Music, entertainment

If we take into account that labor, fine and gaming arts combine several types, then the classification will take the following form:

Each type of art can be divided into various groups, united according to the method, purpose or type of what is depicted or expressed. Thus, literature is divided into epic, lyricism, drama, artistic journalism, and painting - into monumental, easel, decorative, decorative, miniature, graphics - into easel or sheet (easel drawing, printmaking, popular print), book and magazine-newspaper , applied (certificates, diplomas, stamps, labels, posters, posters, etc.), music - for opera, ballet, symphonic, chamber, light music, cinematography - for feature, popular science, documentary and newsreel films, etc. d.

Each of the groups of individual types of art, in turn, is divided into genres (French “genus, variety”), which are characterized by a commonality of structural and compositional features specific to a particular genre. Thus, in painting there are different genres: portrait, battle, historical, everyday, landscape and still life.

At each stage of development of artistic culture, one or another leading art is identified, which best meets the spiritual needs and historical uniqueness of the era.

Legal address for the company

Renting premises for any young company, as well as purchasing them, is an expensive proposition. As an alternative method, you can refer to the current legislation. In accordance with it, it is possible to register a company at the home address of its specific participant, however, such a decision can lead to some problems. For example, when registering cash registers, the tax office may ask you for a lease agreement. Naturally, this will entail that you will have to not only conclude this agreement, but also make changes to the constituent documentation as quickly as possible. But this will not be cheap and will take up a lot of free time.

The next option is to buy legal ardes from an organization specializing in this. Despite the fact that this is absolutely legal, the tax authorities have a rather negative attitude towards this. Thus, if several dozen other companies were registered at your legal address, then you will probably have serious problems.

Only after you have decided on the name of the company, prepared the required documentation, legal address and other important details, you can go to the tax authorities at the location of the company. The inspection will take place over five days. If no violations are found, the enterprise will be registered, and its owner will receive a certificate of state registration.

The next step is the production of the seal of the new company, the issuance of an order on the assumption of the position of the general director, as well as an order on the appointment of someone responsible for tax and accounting. In addition, it is necessary to register the organization with the compulsory medical insurance fund, the pension fund, the State Statistics Committee and the social insurance fund. Then you can go to a bank branch and draw up an agreement to open current accounts.

1. The concept of art management, main directions and essence 2

2. Art management in the socio-cultural sphere 2

3. History of the formation and development of art management (the era of Antiquity, the Middle Ages). 3

4. History of the development of art management in the Age of Enlightenment 4

5. History of the development of art management in Europe XIX - early. XX centuries 4

6. History of the formation and development of art management in Russia (pre-revolutionary period) 5

7. History of the development of art management in Russia (post-revolutionary period) 6

8. History of the development of art management in Russia (Soviet period). 7

9. History of the development of art management in modern Russia. 8

10. History of the formation and development of art management in St. Petersburg. 8

11. Modern problems of art management in Russia and ways to solve them. 8

12. Characteristics of the activities of an art manager, main functions 8

13. Organizational and legal aspects of the activities of an art manager 9

14. Social and psychological functions of an art manager 10

15. Moral and ethical foundations of the activity of an art manager 10

16. Characteristics of the managerial roles of an art manager 11

17. Model of professional qualities of an art manager 11

18. Corporate culture of an art manager 12

19. The concept of “art industry”. 12

20. Production technology in the art industry. 13

21. The place of Russian art management in the global art industry. 13

22. Financing mechanism in the art industry 13

23. The concept of diversification of products in the art industry. 14

25. The concept of “contemporary art market”. 14

26. Structure of the world art market. 14

27. Structure of the Russian art market. 15

28. Genres and types of art. 15

29. Basic forms of art organization. 16

30. Basic elements of managing production processes in art (planning, organization, control). 17

31. Management in the field of art. 17

32. Main institutes of art management. General characteristics. 19

33. Museum in the art management system. 20

34. Gallery in the art management system. 20

35. Auction in the art management system. 20

36. Tour policy and tour management. 21

38. Organization of an art company (goals, objectives, operating conditions). 22

39. Marketing technologies in the field of art. 23

40. Project management. Main types and types of projects. 23

41. Technology and stages of creating an art project. 24

42. Types and types of art project documentation. 25

43. Business plan (stages of preparation and implementation). 26

44. Features of project promotion in the art industry. General characteristics. 27

45. Features of project promotion in musical art. 27

46. Features of project promotion in the fine arts. 28

47. Features of promoting a project in the field of show business. 29

48. The concept of “artistic and creative products” (types and types). 29

50. Technology of organizing exhibition activities. 31

The concept of art management, main directions and essence

Art-management - management in the field of art; a set of principles, methods, and means for realizing the opportunities of entrepreneurship in the field of art.

Art management is an activity aimed at regulating processes in the art industry and influencing the economic, political, social and spiritual components of society.

Art management in a broad sense is the desire of a person, through his activities, to achieve a higher level, rich and dynamic cultural life of society.

Art management in the narrow sense is the management of cultural enterprises.

An art manager must remember that artistic culture, like art, is part of the general culture of humanity, an important component of the spiritual culture of any local and world civilization.

Cultural entrepreneurship is no exception. This area has its own indicators of the effectiveness of organizational management processes.

The goals of art management are: promotion of professional art, creation of conditions for creativity and professional growth of performers, development of genres of professional art.

Art management specializations: administrator, entrepreneur, manager, agent, personal manager, business manager, promoter (impresario), production manager, director, producer of theaters, theater studios, concert halls, concert organizations. Film and photo studio specialists; audio and video recording studios; presenters of local, regional and central television channels.

Main directions of the art industry:

1) concert companies (philharmonic societies, concert associations, agencies, concert centers, amateur artistic groups);

2) theatrical and entertainment enterprises (theatres, circuses);

3) studios (recording studios);

4) entertainment and entertainment enterprises;

5) creative associations and agencies.