A coursework is a kind of research by a student on a specific topic issued by an educational institution. Coursework is written, as a rule, once a semester, when a course in a particular subject is taken. Most often, this work is given to a student in a specialized subject that makes sense to study in more depth.

It is quite difficult to write a term paper on your own if you do not initially delve into the manual and take advantage of all the tips and recommendations given by the teacher.

In order to write a high-quality paper on your own, you should not delay starting work until the last day. It will be much easier to master and structure the material if you distribute your time and energy adequately. In the same way, you will be able to maintain your nervous system and good spirits.

To begin with, you should study all the methodological recommendations for the course work very carefully, paying attention to every little detail. If something remains unclear to you, do not hesitate to contact your coursework supervisor. We do not recommend turning to classmates for advice, since no one has guaranteed the quality and relevance of their information.

Once you have delved into the guidelines and understand what the school requires of you, try to collect as much information as possible on your topic. Only relevant and concise information that does not contain unnecessary information is suitable.

When you have selected and processed the information, leaving only the information you need, you can begin solving the practical part of the course work, which includes your calculations of the tasks set by the teacher.

Next, you need to give your work an appropriate structure. This is very important because the coursework must be readable and easy for your instructor to understand. The text must be concise, understandable and formatted in accordance with all rules and standards.

The structure of the coursework involves writing work according to the following scheme:

• Title page;
• Content;
• Introduction;
• Main theoretical part;
• Main practical part;
• Conclusion and conclusions;
• Applications;
• Bibliography.

Each of these points must be performed correctly and in accordance with all the rules. This article will discuss perhaps the most important section, which summarizes all the results of the work. Teachers pay special attention to the conclusion when checking work. It's about the conclusion.

Conclusion in course work: what is it?

The conclusion in the course work plays the main role, since it should contain all the material described in the main part, only briefly and harmoniously presented, your own conclusions about the work done, answers to the introduction questions, recommendations and further wishes.

In addition, the conclusion in the course work should be a harmonious continuation of the main part. As a rule, this section has a volume of 2 to 3 sheets of A-4 format, but contains on these sheets the main idea of ​​your course work.

The conclusion in the course work intersects very closely with the introduction. The conclusion should contain information about the extent to which the goals and objectives of the course work have been achieved and whether they have been completed at all. This should definitely be emphasized.

The relevance of the chosen topic and its justification is mandatory information for the conclusion. You must come to these conclusions yourself and express your own thoughts on this matter, based on the research you have conducted.

In addition, the conclusion in the course work must contain a description of the activities you have carried out, the actions you have taken, which must be summarized. That is, you must briefly describe the content of the main part and talk about your actions when performing the practical part. All information must be supported by your conclusions and recommendations, which you yourself must draw up based on the work done.

The conclusion of the course work is not complete without an analysis of your activities, or rather, the failures and obstacles that you had to face while researching a given topic. You shouldn’t place a strong emphasis on the events that failed, but you also can’t do without describing them. Just focus more on your achievements.

All your recommendations and conclusions made on the basis of the practical part must be supported by evidence. Evidence may include your calculations, applications, or references to laws and regulations. You can give several proofs at once that you are right.

Take a very responsible approach to writing the conclusion, since when checking your coursework, they will pay attention first of all to it. The conclusion in the course work is the face of your activity. So that you can correctly write and structure your conclusion, we offer you some tips on writing it.

How to correctly write a conclusion in a term paper

So that you do not forget to include the necessary information in the conclusion, we recommend that you structure this section sequentially, following the following procedure:

1. Re-read the goals and objectives described in the introduction. The conclusion in the course work should reflect them and be closely related to the introduction. Describe in detail the extent to which you were able to complete the objectives and achieve your goals in your study.
2. At the end of each body section, try to write a short description of that section. This is kind of the conclusion to this part. Summarize, structure, combine all the conclusions obtained during the writing of the course work and harmoniously fit it into the conclusion, without violating the structure of the conclusion. Remember that each paragraph must be connected to the previous one.
3. When you have drawn conclusions about the theoretical part, proceed to summing up the practical part. Feel free to talk about your calculations, make suggestions and recommendations, describe your motives and methods. You must show that you can think and make decisions on your own.
4. Tell us your opinion about this topic, describe the problems you encountered in the study, and highlight the features of your study. Remember that your findings, and especially your description of them, should be interesting, educational and relevant. The teacher must realize that the topic of the course work is interesting to you, and you really tried to study it. Your narrative should be lively, and your information should be extremely clear.
5. Review the written conclusion and remove all the detailed descriptions from it, because they are already contained in the body. The conclusion in the course work is a very brief narrative about all the main things that you consider necessary to highlight.

How to start writing a conclusion in a term paper

You can start writing your conclusion when your course work is completely ready. You can understand this by re-reading the introduction. If you have already been able to complete all the tasks set in the introduction and achieve the goals that you planned to achieve, then your work can be said to be completed and you can begin writing the conclusion.

Your conclusion to your coursework may begin with the following words:

• So;
• Thus;
• Summarizing;
• Based on the research conducted, we can conclude;
• After writing my course work, I came to the following conclusion;
• The results of the studies showed that;
• Based on mastery of the received topic;
• The relevance of the course work lies in;
• In conclusion, it can be noted that;
• Summarizing the research conducted;
• We state the following features of the study;

Thus, writing a conclusion is an extremely important stage in the research of a term paper. Be careful and watch your every step. By listening to our advice and following all our recommendations, you will be able to write a high-quality and readable conclusion to your course work, which will only emphasize your professionalism.

- Deductive Reasoning- this is the ability to come to a conclusion from the general to the specific. In deductive reasoning, if you follow a logical sequence, the argument will be correct, as will the conclusion, if all the points were also true. For example, if “all men are mortal” is the main clause, then “Socrates is a man” is the additional premise, then the truthful conclusion would be: “Socrates is mortal,” which must be true if the previous clauses were true. The deductive method is compared with the inductive one.

- Inductive Reasoning- this is the ability to come to a conclusion from the particular to the general, and is most often used in deriving theories. In the inductive method, particular facts do not necessarily entail a general conclusion. For example, if you put your hand into a bag of stones of an unknown color and all the stones you pull out are white, you can assume that all the stones in the bag are white. This may or may not be true. Your theory will be disproved if the next stone is not white. The more facts you collect, the larger the size of the stones, the closer to the truth the conclusions will be, which can be called guess. Your conclusion that the stones in the bag are white will be truer if you take out a thousand stones rather than ten. Collecting such data is statistical inference or probability.

- Abductive Reasoning- this is the ability to come to a conclusion or give an argument, choosing the best explanation, for example in a medical diagnosis, which also applies to the inductive method, since conclusions in an abductive argument are not derived from unnoticed facts. Abduction differs from other forms of inference in attempting to select the advantage of one hypothesis over another, attempting to pick up an alternative false explanation and choosing the one with a higher probability. For example: “This patient exhibits (certain symptoms), they may be due to various causes, but (the presumptive diagnosis) is preferred over others because it is more likely...” The concept of abduction was introduced into modern logic by the philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce Peirce says “I imagine abduction, when I express in a sentence everything that I see... not a single step forward can be made by simple observation, unless abduction is used.” The abductive method is also used to explanation of the conclusion or consequences. “The grass is wet, which means it must have been raining.” Detectives, as well as diagnostics, are often associated with this ability to draw conclusions.

- Analogical reasoning- this is the ability to compare, directly or indirectly drawing an analogy. This is a form of logical inference that draws conclusions from similarities in one aspect based on their similarities between issues in other aspects. The concept of analogy is attributed to Samuel Johnson: “Dictionaries are like watches. Even the worst are better than none, and even the best cannot be expected to be absolutely accurate.”

The main stage is writing the work itself, observing the logic and sequence of presentation in accordance with the work plan; formulating conclusions based on the results of the work.

First The plan point in coursework is always "Introduction" .

The introduction should define:

The relevance of the chosen topic is no more than 1 page of printed text;

The purpose of the work is a briefly formulated result of the course work;

Objectives of the work. This is usually done in the form of an enumeration ( study..., describe..., establish..., identify..., determine etc.). The formulation of these problems must be done as carefully as possible, since the description of their solution should form the content of the chapters of the course work. This is also important because the headings of such chapters, as a rule, correspond in meaning to the essence of the task at hand.

In the introduction, you can briefly talk about the sources used in the work (especially when, when performing the work, the author actively turned to monographs and scientific articles on the topic of the work).

In the introduction, the student also indicates the method (method) or methods (methods) of studying the topic of work, which serve as a tool in obtaining factual material, being a necessary condition for achieving the goal set in such work.

Main part. The content of the chapters of the main part must correspond exactly to the topic of the course work and fully disclose it.

Each chapter should end with conclusions. It is not allowed to insert figures, tables, or diagrams at the end of the chapter.

Using material from selected literature and Internet sources in course work, Direct borrowing and (or) mechanical copying of the text should be avoided. This presentation of the material is possible only when quoting the author’s text and (or) citing published data (calculations) and without fail provided with a link to the source(see linking rules below) .

In other words, the student must not just state facts, figures from the literature used, but also learn to analyze them, compare them, and draw conclusions based on them. It is not easy to declare any own point of view (i.e., voice it unfounded), but to prove it (argument it) based on data from verified sources, so that it appears convincing to listeners.

All theoretical positions and conclusions must be based on specific materials from reality. Moreover, facts and examples should not be random, but typical.

1. The presentation of the content must be logically consistent in accordance with the work plan. Each subsequent paragraph should be a logical continuation of the previous one.

2. At the end of each paragraph, a short conclusion is made. When formulating conclusions, the following stylistic devices are used:

- “so, based on the above, we can draw the following conclusion.....”;

- “thus, (the content of the conclusion is presented) .....”;

- “the above factors allow us to conclude that...”;

- “therefore we can draw the following conclusion..”;

- “therefore it can be argued that...”

- “everything that has been said allows us to conclude ....”;

- "Means,... ." etc.

3. An important means of expressing logical connections in the process of presentation are, for example, such stylistic devices: to indicate the sequence of thoughts - “in the beginning, first of all, then, firstly, secondly, means and etc.; contradictory relationships - “however, meanwhile, while, nevertheless”; cause-and-effect relationships - “therefore, thanks to this, in addition, in addition”; transition from one thought to another - " must be considered before proceeding to..., let us consider, it is necessary to dwell on...” etc.

4. You should not literally use all of the stylistic devices listed above, since it will not always be appropriate. At the same time, it is necessary to develop the skills of linguistic and stylistic culture of writing research papers from the first year. Language, presentation style, the ability to construct short sentences, express opinions in a clear, accessible form that does not allow for discrepancies play a big role. In this kind of work the presentation of the text in everyday language or the use of slang is excluded.

5. Uniformity should be observed in the use of terms, symbols and abbreviations of words, measures of weight and length. Other abbreviations are not allowed.

6. To avoid stylistic and other errors, it is recommended to use modern editions of dictionaries by V. Dahl, S. Ozhegov, foreign dictionaries, dictionaries on economic theory, and philosophical dictionaries.

For example, “... we think that;

Based on the analyzed statistical material, we can draw the following conclusion or we have made the following conclusions;

8.Factual material statistical data used in the work must be reliable. It should be remembered that the use of factual material in coursework should not lead to flooding it with a large number of numbers. It is necessary to strive to ensure that the data is small, but recent, typical, expressive and convincing.

Therefore, when using such data, it is necessary to indicate in a sublinear line from which source this data was obtained. This especially applies to the use of information in coursework from the Internet. In this case, you must indicate the address of the site where this information was obtained.

It should be remembered that the official publication published on behalf of state or public organizations, institutions and departments contains materials whose accuracy should not be in doubt. Therefore, when using the Internet as a source of information, you should rely on official sites.

The course work ends with the final part, which is called "Conclusion". Like any conclusion, this part of the work serves as an ending in content, which takes the form of a synthesis of the information accumulated in the main part.

This synthesis is a consistent, logically coherent presentation of the results obtained and their relationship with the general goal and objectives set and formulated in the introduction.

The final results in the conclusion are often presented in the form of a number of paragraphs, the sequence of which is determined by the logic of the course work. The final part complements the characteristics of the general level of completed course work, and also shows the level of maturity and qualifications of the student as a whole at this stage of study, and indicates his independent work skills.

In some cases, it becomes necessary to indicate ways to continue the topic of the completed course work, forms and methods of its further study, as well as specific tasks that the author intends to solve in the future.

The conclusion may also include practical proposals, the results of sociological research and calculations, which increases the value of theoretical materials. But such proposals must necessarily come from the range of work carried out by the student personally.

When writing a conclusion, special stylistic devices.

You can, for example, use the following techniques:

“So, in the course of the course work we completed, we can draw the following conclusions (the text of the conclusion is being presented):

3...”

The numbering of the terminals is optional.

If difficulties arise in writing a conclusion, if the author does not have the skills to formulate conclusions and results of his work, the following advice can be given.

Refer to educational or monographic literature on economic problems: almost always in the literature on a similar topic, a conclusion or summary follows at the end of the presentation. Read them carefully, analyze them, and then it will become clearer what you should write about in the conclusion.

Make a draft conclusion and discuss it with the teacher, the supervisor of your course work.

An essay is a test of knowledge, so when creating it you have to try to do everything as correctly as possible. One of the required elements is write a conclusion in an essay. Essentially, this is a report, so pay special attention to compliance with standards and rules. The conclusion in the abstract is the final stage of work on the main section. If it is strong, then even a mediocre presentation of the topic can be saved. Competent conclusions will allow you to avoid questions from the teacher.

The conclusion in the abstract is a section that makes up 5-10% of the total volume. The purpose of writing a conclusion is to systematize knowledge, summarize, highlight statements, and outline what has been achieved. The examiner must understand what problems have been considered and whether their practical use is possible.

Conclusion of the abstract:

• analyzes and structures content;
• defines the main thing;
• answers the main question;
• summarizes the theoretical and practical part;
• creates a positive impression of the material.

The purpose of the conclusion of the abstract is to emphasize the significance of the work and draw attention to the most important things. This section briefly describes all the work, methods for achieving the goal, results, characteristics of the problem, and the author’s recommendations. The most important thing is to write harmonious conclusions to each paragraph of the essay in the conclusion.

How to draw conclusions in an essay

Although according to GOST conclusions at the end of chapters are not required, they improve the quality of the material as they systematize the content. This is the author’s attitude, opinion about the information presented, a new look at it. Conclusions are related to the tasks and goals set in the introduction of the abstract.

Writing conclusions in an abstract does not mean rewriting in other words the information presented in the work. This is the systematization of the studied material in order to create your own point of view on the research problem. Novelty is not needed, but the author's opinion is required. From the point of view of syntax, these are logical judgments, consisting of previously expressed and proven theses, justified by each other. This does not mean that the rationale is created by the author. It is the conclusion of the authors whose works are used in the material.

The results are subject to the laws of logic. They are based on a specific job. Methodologically, this is a generalization, a determination of the general characteristics of the subject, indicating the ability to identify the common from various approaches and concepts.

It is not for nothing that most teachers consider the conclusions in the abstract to be the most difficult part. These are the author’s thoughts, an indicator of the degree of elaboration of information. Conclusions are closely related to objectives, purpose and content. The main characteristic is specificity, clarity of formulation, based on statistical and analytical data.

Conclusions are statements based on an analysis of sources and research results. The author insists on the statement because he has verified its authenticity and can prove it. This is his point of view, which he is ready to defend.

There are 3 methods used to write conclusions:

1. deductive – from general to generalization;
2. inductive – from individual facts to generalization;
3. based on other people's conclusions.

Using the first method, conclusions should be written for each paragraph. This requires fluency in information related to the topic. If a student encounters new information, he or she may not have enough knowledge to present the data in a logical sequence. In such situations, instead of systematization and generalization, duplication of information results.

When using the second method, external sources are taken as a basis. The third method can be used if you can find data that is completely relevant to the topic. If this condition is not met, the conclusions will be absurd and stand out against the background of the main text.

How to write a conclusion to an essay

After writing the main part, you need to collect conclusions to the paragraphs, systematize them, paraphrase them, and get rid of contradictions. If the volume is not enough, additional data should be added, focusing on the subject and purpose of the study. The conclusions in the conclusion of the abstract should have the same focus as the material as a whole. These are briefly stated thoughts that do not contradict the topic, the essence of the problem under consideration.

If the teacher does not require the formation of conclusions at the end of each chapter, the conclusion should be written as the logical conclusion of the work. Read the main part again and try to retell it in abstract. Write down the theses - they will become the basis of the conclusion. It is not necessary to review every chapter. The main condition is to stick to the topic indicated on and. All points should create a coherent structure, smoothly flowing into each other.

The conclusion in the abstract should be written separately from the general part. “Conclusion” is written on a separate page, aligned in the middle. 2 indents are made. The font, size and line spacing are the same as in the main part. It is unacceptable to draw up a conclusion in the form of a transfer.

Try to write the conclusion in such a way that the conclusions do not contain meaningless words. Try to avoid identical or cognate words too close together. You can copy phrases from the material. The style is journalistic, partly scientific.

The conclusion to the abstract can be written using the following phrases:

• To sum up, we can say;
• From the research results it can be concluded;
• summing up the research and analysis, we can note;
• we came to the conclusion;
• To summarize, we can say;
• Based on the above, we can conclude.

New information should not be included in the conclusion. This is a summary of the abstract, a listing of the results.

Sample conclusion in an abstract

Sample conclusion in an essay on the topic “Fundamentals of a healthy lifestyle”:

So, in conclusion of the abstract, it can be noted that the careless attitude of some people in our society towards their health causes socio-economic, moral and psychological damage to the family, production team and society as a whole; largely depends on the shortcomings in the functioning of the system of physical education of children and youth in the recent past.

Psychosomatics has a significant influence on the state of the human body, so sometimes the following conditions of a healthy lifestyle are distinguished: emotional, intellectual and spiritual well-being. The benefits of a daily routine cannot be questioned. Therefore, a systematic approach to time allocation is necessary. A correctly selected regime consists of alternating periods of physical and mental work with periods of relaxation of the body. Thus, sleep should consist of 7-8 hours a day for an adult.
The importance of rationally selected nutrition has also been clarified. A healthy lifestyle goes hand in hand with proper nutrition.

Physical education is one of the fundamental elements of a healthy lifestyle. The current level of development of technological progress has significantly simplified human life, but with this positive influence, human motor activity has significantly decreased. Nowadays, people walk significantly less. Movement is necessary for the normal functioning of the body. The choice of physical activity depends only on the age, physical capabilities and individual desires of the person.

An example of a correct conclusion in an abstract

An example of the conclusion of an essay on the topic “Modern industrial city and sports practices”

At the end of the abstract, we will draw brief conclusions based on the results of studying the problem:

— It has been revealed that in the conditions of modern industrial cities, state, regional and municipal policies in the field of development of physical culture and sports are called upon to provide certain conditions in which this activity could manifest itself as a sport and reinforce it with an appropriate social attitude. One of the main tasks is to ensure the territorial and price accessibility of sports and leisure institutions, mainly sports schools. This also requires the development and implementation of municipal policies in the field of development of sports practices in large industrial cities.

— The development of the subject of research is hampered by three large blocks of problems: economic, social and political. At the same time, studying the practice of implementing municipal programs aimed at developing sports practices in large cities shows that city administrations determine the goals, directions and time frames for modernizing the system of additional sports-oriented education. A number of authors believe that with a sufficient level of funding, these mechanisms for implementing programs on the topic studied in the abstract will help bring the development of sports in large cities to a new level, subject to further commercialization of the process of developing sports practices at the municipal level.

How to finish an essay

Anyone can write a high-quality conclusion. In order to conclude, give some tips to solve the problem. You can also indicate the value of the research. It would not be superfluous to evaluate whether the assigned tasks were fulfilled and what the research managed to achieve.

A prerequisite for writing an essay is a high level of literacy. Even for a student studying the basics of economics, it is unacceptable to submit a paper with punctuation and stylistic errors.

Have you completed your coursework? Already good. It's time to correctly write a conclusion (conclusion) in your course work. In this article we will tell you in detail and show an example of how to write a conclusion in a term paper, so as not to lose face after the research done.

How to write a conclusion in a term paper: where to start

Let's not pun and say that we will start from the very beginning, because we will start from the end. To correctly write a conclusion, you need to correctly select the most important points from the total volume of the course work text.

• introduction (description of relevance, issues, goals, objectives);
• the essence of the main chapters (theoretical basis and practical component);
• conclusions formed during the study;
• practical possibilities of the project.

The volume of the conclusion of the course work is 2-3 pages, so you should think in advance how much material from the sections of the coursework will be needed so as not to go beyond the established volume.

In conclusion, it is recommended to describe and analyze the difficulties you encountered during the writing process: note which points and aspects could not be explored and why, and what other problems were illuminated during the research.

However, the emphasis should be on what obstacles you overcame to successfully conduct this study.

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How to write a conclusion in a term paper: details about the main thing

In order to correctly write conclusions on chapters in a coursework, you need to highlight the main points and exclude minor points in the project in order to compose the final text based on the key components. It should highlight:

• relevance - justify why you chose this particular topic for your course project, confirm the correctness of your choice based on the material of the work;
• goals and objectives - there is no need to duplicate goals and objectives in the introduction. It is important to indicate whether the goals have been achieved and whether the assigned tasks have been achieved;
• key points of the main part - it is necessary to summarize the theoretical conclusions.

But the results of the practical research need to be presented in more detail:

• duplicate technical calculations - it is recommended to arrange them in the form of tables and diagrams;
• describe the methods used and their relevance - highlight why they were used;
• results - succinctly justify the pragmatic value of the study;
• academic and practical possibilities of the project - describe ways of implementation in the production sector, note ways to solve the problem, give recommendations for further use.

Try not to duplicate the wording of conclusions in the main part and conclusion. The maximum allowed matches are 50% of the text.

Conclusions must be logically and consistently related to each other. It is recommended to support them with numbers and facts.

Let's summarize: how to write a coursework conclusion

The first and main rule: do not try to cram the entire text of the course work into the conclusion. Formulate the main theses, emphasize the practical and theoretical value of the research, highlight the problems encountered during writing and describe the positive aspects of studying the material.

And if logical conclusions and summing up are not your thing, then contact the student service, whose specialists will write a conclusion on your coursework clearly and concisely. You will be surprised at the research work you have done.