Today, the agricultural business is supported by the state in every possible way - many entrepreneurs have turned their attention to this niche. There are enough advantages of running your own farm - a huge sales market, a quick payback of costs, and a consistently high profit. Of course, many difficulties will also await the beginner - but they are quite surmountable if you correctly organize your activities.

Our business valuation:

Starting investments - from 50,000 rubles.

Market saturation is average.

The complexity of starting a business is 7/10.

How to become a farmer from scratch in Russia?

Here, as in any other area of ​​business, you will need to draw up a business plan. This is especially important if you start using borrowed funds to organize your activities.

Entrepreneurs who decide to start a business in the agricultural sector have many opportunities for business development - it can be either a small family livestock farm or a large agricultural complex. But in order to minimize any risks, start small - it is worth expanding the business only if you have “free” finances and accumulated experience.

Peasant farming is a commercial structure aimed at attracting income from the production and further sale of agricultural products. There are not so many large enterprises in our country - there is definitely not enough “capacity” to fully fill the market. Everyone has every chance to take a strong position in a niche.

Opening your farm from scratch will be beneficial for the following reasons:

• Now there are special state programs designed to financially help start-up entrepreneurs. Getting a subsidy is quite difficult - you have to collect a lot of papers, provide a business plan for the farm. But it becomes for many entrepreneurs a great start to a promising business.
• The population is interested in purchasing high-quality natural products - trust in domestic products is growing.
• Your farm will bring consistently high profits, as food prices rise every year.
• Due to the imposed sanctions on the import of products from European countries, the Russian market is experiencing a shortage of farm products - the demand is huge.

When thinking about how to organize a farm from scratch, do not forget about the pitfalls that may await you on the path to success - despite all the advantages of the direction, there are risks. Agricultural business is a direction where profitability largely depends on external factors. You can lose half your crop due to drought or pest infestation. The livestock sector has its own problems - for example, epidemics of diseases, due to which half of the animals raised can die. Farming involves a significant share of manual labor - especially for family businesses when hired labor is not used. Therefore, it is worth preparing for hard work.

Have you already decided for yourself “I want to start farming”? Approach the matter thoroughly - carefully study the direction in which you will work in the future. If possible, be sure to visit the operating farms to see everything in practice.

What line of business to choose?

How to start a farming business? The first step is to choose the direction of further activity. It is on this that all further stages of organizing your own economy will depend. There are several profitable "formats" of agricultural business:

• Crop production - cereals, vegetables, fruits and berries, herbs.
• Cattle breeding - pigs, sheep, cows, rabbits.
• Poultry farming - chickens, turkeys, pheasants, geese.
• Fish farming - sturgeon, trout, carp.
• Beekeeping.
• Cultivation of mushrooms - oyster mushrooms, champignons.

Thinking in which direction and how to start a farm, it is worth conducting a market analysis. Choose niches that are in demand in your area with minimal competition - it will be easier to succeed in business. Equally important is the amount of available finance - some areas will require significant investment, while others can be mastered with a minimum of costs.

It will be easier for a beginner to open a farm for breeding chickens or geese, pigs or rabbits, growing berries and fruits, mushrooms. The products that you will receive in the process of activity are in demand in the market. In addition, these directions are easy to learn and inexpensive.

How is the registration of a business in the field of agriculture?

Many private farmers operate without registration - significant savings on regular tax payments. If you plan to raise several heads of cattle in your own summer cottage, at first you can do without setting up a business. But in this case, you can only sell products to private buyers - even local markets will not let you in without the appropriate documents.

Registration of a farm will be mandatory if you plan to sell finished products to wholesale buyers in the future. Register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC. You become registered with the tax office, register with Rosportebnadzor and SES. If we talk about the marketing of products of animal origin (meat, eggs), finished products must regularly undergo veterinary checks before marketing.

Financial costs for organizing a business

Is farming profitable? Definitely, yes - given that the organization of a business in some areas requires a minimum of costs. For example, to start breeding chickens in your own summer cottage, you need no more than 50,000 rubles. Therefore, without having at your disposal impressive amounts of money to open a large farm, start small.

It will be quite difficult to indicate the exact figure of investments - it all depends on the chosen field of activity. But in any case, it is important to calculate all upcoming expenses in a business plan.

Make a list of what it takes to be a farmer. Investments will be required for the following needs:

• Plot rental. You will save a lot if you own land.

• Purchase of equipment and supplies. To work in any of the possible areas, you will need consumables - this often becomes a significant expense item. Shovels and rakes, automatic sprinklers, greenhouses, feeders, buckets are just a small part of everything you need. In some cases, so that the finished product does not deteriorate while waiting for its buyer, you will need to buy refrigerators and freezers.
• Preparation of industrial premises. Stalls, chicken coops, pigsties - the construction of "premises" will require money to be invested. Even when growing vegetables, fruits and grains, you will need to build a barn to store finished products. If you do not need to comply with any special conditions when keeping animals or birds, you can build a barn yourself.
• Purchase of breeding stock, seeds. A farm from scratch, if you are organizing a business in the field of animal husbandry or poultry farming, will necessarily require significant expenses for the purchase of several heads of livestock or birds. For planting crops, seed material is purchased in the required quantity. It’s not worth saving here - there is a high risk of buying sick animals or low-quality seeds.
• Purchase of feed, fertilizers. You will have to spend money on replenishing stocks of feed and fertilizer regularly. To save on variable costs, you can feed livestock with "homemade" food.

When thinking about where to start farming, be sure to consider ways to raise funds to start a business. Great if you have your own savings. If the accumulated savings are not enough to start a business, you will have to take a loan from a bank or try to get a government subsidy.

Distribution channels for finished products

It is not difficult to become a novice farmer, given the possible risks and think through all the nuances. It is difficult for a beginner to find wholesale buyers of finished products. It is unlikely that it will be possible to immediately establish cooperation with large supermarket chains - focus on small retail outlets and private buyers.

How much a farmer earns depends on the volume of sales of finished products. The better your distribution channels are, the more profit you will get.

We conclude - when thinking about where to start a farming business, monitor the market and already at the stage of drafting a project, start looking for wholesale customers interested in a particular type of product.

When to expect the first profit?

How much do farmers in Russia earn? The exact indicator of profitability will depend on the “scale” of the business, sales volumes and the prices set for the product. Small farms from sales of finished products by the end of the season can have up to 500,000 rubles of net profit. Some areas of activity (for example, raising chickens) generate income throughout the year. A home business, of course, will be less profitable, as there will be significantly fewer sales.

Despite the different size of investments, both animal husbandry and crop production pay off in approximately the same time frame. Over the next 9-12 months, you will invest in growing animals or crops. Only after slaughtering heads or harvesting do you receive revenue. In most cases, the first profit can be expected only after a year.

By knowing where to start farming, you can build a highly profitable farming business.

In the context of the country's course on import substitution farming became relevant. This line of business is attractive for several reasons:

1. demand for products;
2. fewer investments compared to "urban" types of entrepreneurship

Farming allows you to do interesting things and get good income. The truth of this statement is supported by numerous examples of successful business in the countryside, the existence of numerous enterprises engaged not only in the production of agricultural products, but also in its processing. If you listen to the advice of "experienced", you can figure out how to open and develop your own farm.

Farming is hard work

The first step is to develop a business plan. It will help to systematize everything, calculate the expected expenses and incomes, direct your activities in the right direction.

When drawing up a business plan, it is better to take the advice of experienced farmers who will show the real picture of things and will not let you make a mistake. It is the business plan that will allow you to take the right steps in the beginning of your business. Next, you will have to navigate according to the circumstances.

Definition of a specific industry

Farming involves a variety of activities. Trying to do everything in a row is inappropriate. It is better to choose one. If funds allow, it is better to take up animal husbandry. Here you can make a good profit during the year, but you will have to invest a lot of money in the purchase of breeding stock or poultry. You can turn your attention to the production of dairy products, raise cattle for meat, raise ducks, or focus on laying hens.

In the case of a limited amount of money, gourds or simple vegetables should be dealt with. If everything works out, the profit from vegetable growing is gradually invested in, in the purchase of equipment. As a result, it becomes possible to significantly expand production, to make it more ambitious.

Regardless of the industry, you will have to take care of the availability of labor. You won't be able to handle everything on your own. Usually, farmers easily find hired workers, inviting residents of nearby villages to work.

What do you need to know about business registration?

Land is a must for farming

To establish your farm, you need the appropriate land. Authorities prefer to allocate land to local residents. But even a city dweller can get land from the category of rural land. At the moment, in many regions there are programs under which arable land is allocated free of charge for farming.

To officially register the farm, you need to prepare the following documents:

1. Receipt.
2. Copies and .

After the farm is officially registered, it becomes possible to participate in state support programs. Any large farm must be registered and the appropriate taxes must be paid. If the farm is small, you can not draw up any documents, just use some of the products yourself, and sell the surplus on the market. This is permitted by law.

First stage

Without initial capital - no way!

The current map of agricultural land is full of blank spots. Many villages are abandoned, the lands are not used for their intended purpose, and often they are simply overgrown with weeds. Recently, the government has been taking certain steps to restore this sector of the economy.

Therefore, if there is no big difference where to establish your farm, it is better to choose a place that the authorities plan to revive in the near future.

The next step is to decide how much work you can handle. For inexperienced farmers, experts recommend starting with 300 heads of cattle. The maximum number that can be taken at the start is 800 goals. If your direction is the cultivation of vegetables or cereals, you need to think about how much acreage you can process.

Any direction of farming requires certain knowledge and skills. Appeal to the experience of successful entrepreneurs, the use of innovative technologies, modern technology will increase productivity, get more.

It is important that there are villages, settlements, communications, and roads nearby. Depending on the quality and location, the cost of a hectare will vary: from 50 thousand to 500 thousand rubles

Do you need start-up capital?

Assistance from the state is minimal

A common mistake many people make to become farmers is the hope that the state will provide financial support for their desire to engage in agriculture. In fact, participation in state programs to support farmers is quite problematic. At the initial stage, it is very difficult for a farm to meet all the requirements set by the state for those wishing to receive support.

Well, if the opportunity arises, but in any case it will be only a small part of all the necessary expenses. It is not advisable to rely on a loan. Banks consider farming too unreliable, so they refuse to lend to eliminate the risk of losing money.

And if they give at high interest rates, it is not worth taking a loan at all, because it is impossible to get super profits in agriculture. Therefore, before opening a farm, you need to find money that will become start-up capital.

Are hired workers necessary?

Even a family farm will need staff as it expands. Farming is a very labor-intensive industry, so you always have to hire people. When selecting personnel, attention should be paid to the following criteria:

• having the required skills;
• lack of addiction to alcohol;

Sales of products

Need to write a business plan

Producing products is half the battle, it is much more important to sell them profitably. Therefore, even at the initial stage, it is necessary to think over to whom and how the products will be sold. When the product is ready for sale, it should already be known where you will take it. After all, almost all agricultural products deteriorate very quickly, a simple one will bring losses.

Marketing can be difficult. Profitable distribution channels are already occupied, it will be difficult for a newcomer to wedge in there. It is possible to sell the goods produced on your own, but this is an additional cost and hassle. After all, it will be necessary to issue an additional set.

To sell goods to a store, you need a quality certificate. To sell grain, you need to go through a lot of cabinets. Because of these rules, most simply sell their grain to dealers for very little profit.

The pros and cons of farming

The desire to become a farmer is a responsible act. So as not to regret a hasty decision. It is necessary to delve into all the advantages of this business in advance, to analyze the existing shortcomings.

pros

1. Good income. The cost of hired workers is lower than in the city.
2. Free food on your table

Minuses

1. Large initial investment.
2. High energy costs.
3. The impossibility of running a household without certain knowledge.

To engage in farming, you need to be mentally prepared for this difficult task. It's not just about spending time in nature. This is hard work, coupled with many difficult decisions. But the investment will definitely bring profit. At the moment, this is one of the most promising areas of human economic activity in our country.

Opinion of a legal expert:

Farming activities can be carried out in any organizational and legal form. A farmer can be an individual entrepreneur, head of a peasant farm (KFH) or head of a legal entity (production cooperative or LLC). The taxation system, which can also be in different versions, depends on which option the farmer chooses.

The most popular form of activity is a peasant farm. The farmer himself is registered as the head of this farm. KFH is not a legal entity. Instead of constituent documents, an agreement is concluded between the participants on the creation of a peasant farm, signed by all its participants. KFH members must be over 16 years old and be relatives (no more than three separate families). The law does not determine the number of families. Participation of other citizens is possible, but not more than 5 people. Property - common share or common joint property. Labor participation of all members is obligatory. KFH can also consist of one person, its head, then an agreement on its creation is not needed.

The main taxation system for peasant farms is the ESHN (single agricultural tax). The tax base is income minus expenses. The tax rate is 6%. The state is trying in every possible way to create conditions for farmers to successfully manage their farms. However, as noted in the article, at the beginning of activity, it is difficult to count on serious support. Farmers have to invest a lot of labor and money to get back on their feet.

Video for those interested in farming:

The organization of a peasant farm begins with the development of a clear business plan. Working on the ground is a very costly business. And in order to become one of those who profit from the land, you need a lot of start-up capital. The future landowner is required to have good knowledge in his chosen field. Be sure to be confident in your abilities, and regard the difficulties in the first steps as temporary. If the goal is to succeed and make his business prosperous in the village, he must know what awaits him and what obstacles lie in wait on the path to prosperity.

Many consider farming a profitable business. In principle, this may be true. But only if you put a lot of effort and investment.

First of all, you need to choose what the future farm will do, develop a clear business plan. Farming and animal husbandry are different industries. But with a rational approach, they can be combined.

How to start farming, what you need to know

If the property will be based on agriculture, it is worth taking care to have enough land. Technology also plays an important role. If the owner has the necessary amount, it can be purchased. If not, there are special companies that provide equipment for hire.

Raising livestock also requires a large area of ​​land. If we are talking about cattle, you will need an area for grazing. Of course, rabbits and laying hens can be arranged in a small area. It all depends solely on the plans and requests of the farmer.

If there is initial capital, production is easier to set up. But what about an ordinary, average resident of the country, who simply decided for himself “I want to become a farmer” and dreams of how to organize a small farm from scratch.

Where to start farming in Russia, when state farms and collective farms have collapsed, and new firms are not created very often. The only way is to use state support. The authorities are doing their best to support those who wish to create a personal farm. Entire programs and tax incentives have been created to help beginners in this field get on their feet.

LPH or KFH?

If a small plot of land is already available, then it is better to start from private household plots - personal subsidiary plots. It does not need to be registered as an individual entrepreneur, the tax code provides for benefits, there is no need to submit regular reports and tax payments are not as high as for entrepreneurs. But this is provided that the farmer owns no more than 2.5 hectares of land. The disadvantage of private household plots is that sales markets are limited for it, since it does not provide for the issuance of certificates and declarations of conformity.

If the farmer plans to actively develop his activities, then it is better to issue a KFH - a peasant farm. It implies the use of land in large volumes, expanding possible markets. You can take a loan from almost any bank for your development. While banks are not particularly willing to work with private household plots. Another plus is that you can officially provide jobs to both your family members and employees. Tax benefits are also provided for peasant farms: during the first five years, income is not subject to taxation, and from the sixth year you can use patents, ESHN, USNO.

Branches for breeding

If we talk about animal husbandry, then the most popular today are pig farms. Breeding cattle, goats, rabbits, horses is also considered a profitable business. It is important to remember that animals have their own distinctive features and features in terms of content. Pasture is provided for cows and goats, rabbits need careful care and a variety of green fodder, horse breeding requires a large area for walking. A pig farm can be located on a relatively small piece of land. There is no need for large stocks of hay and straw, as modern technology has gone much further than it was in the last century.

If you organize a pig farm correctly and rationally, you can make a profit in the first years of your activity.

Another promising industry is fish farming. It has its own specifics, since the breeding of the most popular fish, such as carp, sturgeon, silver carp, pike, catfish, provides for the presence of several reservoirs. Reservoirs can be officially leased from the state, or purchased if there is such a financial opportunity.

Poultry farming can also be classified as a promising area. Laying hens are raised for a large amount of eggs, Broiler hens are popular due to their rapid growth and the large amount of meat that can be obtained in a fairly short time. Ducks, geese, turkeys are grown much longer, but their meat is more valuable and nutritious and is also in demand among consumers. For lovers of the exotic, it will be interesting to breed ostriches and pheasants. Their meat is not very popular among the general population, as it goes beyond the affordable price range. However, these birds are designed for a wealthy consumer.

Another industry that has always been and will be popular is beekeeping. It does not require a lot of land and labor. A few workers are enough to serve more than 100 bee colonies.

Each animal has its own specific content. It is important to study the full information about the proper care of animals, fish or bees. What are the conditions for their living, what kind of feed should be prepared, to study possible diseases and their prevention. Only a responsible approach guarantees a positive result and business prosperity.

What can be grown

There are a lot of crops that are suitable for growing on an agricultural plot. When choosing them, it is worth starting from what latitude it is planned to grow crops, what conditions of care and watering they require.

If the owner has a small amount of land, the following crops will do:

• Potato
• Carrot
• Cabbage
• Tomatoes
• cucumbers

Growing crops is advisable if the estate has more than one hectare of land, and also has its own processing equipment, or finances for hiring it. Wheat, barley, corn, sunflower, buckwheat, millet are very popular. Particular attention should be paid to the seeds that will be used for sowing.

What type of activity can be chosen additionally

Each main activity provides unlimited opportunities in choosing another source of income. Animal husbandry makes it possible to engage in the production of finished meat products: stew, sausages, meat finished products. Cows and goats provide not only meat products, but also dairy products.

Farming allows you to open the production of flour, cereals, and even a bakery.

If the agricultural holding has additional resources, then it is possible over time to combine animal husbandry, for example, raising pigs, and growing crops, or beets, pumpkins. This will provide animals with food and save on its purchase.

Registration of entrepreneurial activity

The main law that determines the creation of a farm "On a peasant (farm) economy" No. 74-FZ of 11.06.2003 (amendments of 12.28.2010 N 420-FZ). It is on him that everyone who decides to create their own farm and are looking for where to start should be guided.

According to the laws of the Russian Federation, any capable citizen of the country can create a peasant farm. Members may be relatives of the owner, as well as other persons, while the total number should not exceed five people. If a farm holding is created by several people, Article 4 of this law provides for the conclusion of an agreement on joint activities.

The procedure for registering a peasant farm is described in detail in article 5 of this law.

How to become a farmer and where to start? To do this, you have to go through a number of mandatory procedures:

• Pay the state duty
• Visit a notary and certify an application for registration
• Provide a complete package of documents to the IFTS. What exactly will be required, they will prompt in this state structure.
• After the registration documents are in the hands of the owner, you need to register with the Funds, receive a letter from Rosstat with statistics codes.

Start-up capital and investments

When a person has the question “I want to start farming, where should I start?”, The first thing we advise is to take care of the question of where to get money for development.

There are several sources for obtaining start-up capital:

• Loan from the state
• Loan from private banks
• Become a member of the agro-industrial complex development program to receive a loan from the state.
• Own finances

Another source of additional finance can be called investments. The main thing is to prove your prospects and solvency to potential investors.

Markets

If a small farm is organized from scratch, you need to carefully study consumer requests, and those directions where you can later sell the goods. Since the products generally spoil quickly, a very important role is given to the search for a permanent consumer.

The agricultural market has a big drawback - high competition. You can sell products on it yourself, but in small quantities. But for those who do not want to stop there, this option is not entirely suitable.

In order to arrange deliveries to large outlets such as restaurants, supermarkets, specialized outlets, it is imperative to have quality certificates for each product.

Small farmers often sell their products to resellers, which has a detrimental effect on their profits, since the price in this case is much lower than that of a direct buyer. But only a farmer with extensive experience in the industry can find direct access to a major buyer.

Another way to sell your own product of production is to combine several farms in order to sell your product abroad. Prices in this market are much higher than in the domestic market, but it is often quite difficult for an ordinary manufacturer to get there.

From this we can conclude that it is not enough to organize a business in the village, it is important to find a regular customer and buyer for the goods produced. Only in this case you can get profit and not be disappointed in your own endeavors.

Advantages and disadvantages of a farm business

Farm business, like any other, has its advantages and pitfalls. It is better to familiarize yourself with the perceived risk initially than to invest money and not get the desired profit. If there is a desire, you can reach heights.

Farming Benefits:

• little competition. More and more people prefer to look for a way to improve their life in the city. The village is not popular.
• environmentally friendly products. The manufacturer himself knows what he grows and what he invests in his production.

• knowledge and experience are essential components for starting your own business
• high financial costs at the first stage
• risk associated with force majeure (crop failure, pestilence among livestock)
• heavy physical labor

Agriculture is an ancient branch of business, which can be called quite profitable. Everything that is now sold on the shelves of grocery stores - dairy products, meat, vegetables, fruits, eggs and much more - is the result of this activity.

Of course, many can immediately say that now the leading place is occupied by products from abroad, and therefore the opening of such a business will be unprofitable. It's not like that at all! Eco-friendly and natural products are always in great demand. And knowing the right approach, developing a cost-effective idea and finding outlets for finished products are all the main indicators of a competent investment. And in order to avoid difficulties at the initial stage, you can use ideas to open your own business in the field of agriculture.

This is a profitable and fast payback business. First of all, you need to choose a profitable industry.

Breeding rabbits

is a very profitable option. In addition to the fact that the meat of these animals has good qualities and has a high cost, their reproduction rate is also quite high. By about 3-4 months, the animal has a commercial value.

Rabbits are highly prolific. The gestation period lasts about a month. After giving birth, the female is ready for fertilization. At a time, a rabbit can bring an average of 12 cubs. Therefore, you can be sure that this business will pay off in a short time.

It is best to start with 5 rabbits. From this amount per year, on average, you can get up to 300 kilograms of dietary meat.

For divorce, you can use the breed:

• gray giant;
• butterfly;
• Californian;
• black-brown;
• Viennese blue;
• flandre;
• soviet marder;
• veil silver;
• rabbit ram;
• Russian ermine;
• downy;
• silver.

Before you start breeding, be sure to calculate the costs.

Cost calculation:

• The cost of renting land is from 20 to 100 thousand rubles, it all depends on the region.
• Acquisition or self-construction of cages for keeping animals - from 10 to 40 thousand.
• The purchase of rabbits in the amount of 60 pieces - from 20 to 30 thousand, it also all depends on the region.
• Feed expenses per year - from 50 thousand to 100 thousand.
• The salary of an employee for the year is about 120 thousand.

On average, for a year of work it will take from 218 to 390 thousand rubles.

Income calculation:

• Income from the sale of meat products. If you have 40 rabbits and 20 males, then you can get 20 rabbits from each female in a year. As a result, there will be 800 of them per year. Each weighs 1.9 kilograms, which means that 1.5 kg of pure meat comes out. A kilogram of rabbit meat costs an average of 200-250 rubles. From meat per year you can get up to 375 thousand rubles.
• Income from the sale of skins. 1 skin costs 200 rubles, so 800 skins will cost 160 thousand rubles.

In the first year you can earn about 535 thousand rubles.

Sheep breeding

What you need to open:

• First of all, you need to implement a milk production plan. It consists of 3 stages:
  • Preparation. The search for funds for the development of the business, the conclusion of contracts with suppliers and buyers of products. Duration is 5-7 months.
  • Arrangement. At this stage, it is necessary to build a barn, a milking parlor, purchase equipment and feed. This stage will take 4-5 months.
  • Work process. At this stage, direct action is carried out. This includes the production of feed, the sale of milk and dairy products.
• Feed production. To reduce feed costs, it is better to produce it yourself. For growing fodder crops, land should be used, which will be located near the farm. As fodder crops, it is desirable to use spring vetch, corn, clover, oats, perennial grasses. For production, it is necessary to build a workshop. It will cost about 150-200 thousand rubles. Cows should be fed hay and silage. For deoxidation, soda is added to the feed.
• Works on the production and marketing of dairy products. To do this, you can purchase your own milk bottling and packaging line. The bottling and packaging process uses high temperature processing. Packaged products are transported to distribution points. Unprocessed milk can be sold to factories that specialize in milk processing.

In the future, it will be possible to expand the farm and increase the number of livestock.

Growing vegetables

Food production is a lucrative business because food is always in high demand and in high demand. Especially profitable is the cultivation of vegetables. At the first stage, you need to consider:

• Place for landing. First of all, you need to find a plot of land for cultivation. The soil must be of good quality and fertile. Therefore, an analysis is necessarily carried out to identify soil pollution with nitrates, pesticides, heavy metals.
• Choice of vegetables. To do this, it is necessary to analyze the market for the most popular options. You can choose potatoes, carrots, cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers.
• Variety selection. The variety is selected depending on the climatic conditions of the region.

Where can you sell products?

• Sale in the wholesale and retail market. At these points, you can get high profits with a quick turnover. But there must be a vehicle for transporting vegetables.
• Sales of products to wholesalers. This method will save transportation and transport costs, but the cost of vegetables will be lower.
• Sales to shops, supermarkets, restaurants.
• Cultivation for a specific buyer.

What will you spend on:

• costs for planting material;
• purchase of plant protection products from pests;
• purchases of fertilizers;
• the cost of renting land, building and repairing facilities;
• costs for the purchase and maintenance of transport;
• expenses for payment of utility bills;
• payment to the working staff.

In general, the level of income depends on the amount of vegetable output per 1 sq. m of land. Subject to all conditions, proper planting and further work for the full growth of plants, you can get a good harvest. Vegetables can always be sold at a good price.

A detailed guide on how to open a farm. What documents will be required and how much money should be invested? The answers are here.

Capital investments in peasant farms: from 770,000 rubles

Payback of the economy: 9-12 months

This article will consider how to open a farm from scratch.

For those who are not yet “in the know”, then: a farm (aka a peasant farm) is an enterprise that is engaged in the production and sale of agricultural products.

In the minds of many people, this definition can evoke associations with hundreds of hectares of fields, large livestock, and other similar pictures.

However, mini-production can be organized by any entrepreneur. And it is very profitable to conduct it.

And the analysis of development trends shows that in the future demand will only grow.

What are the main occupations involved in farming as a business?

Farming can be divided into several categories:

Plant growing.

A huge list of plants can be planted and sold in the Russian Federation.
But several types are especially popular:

1. various greens;
2. cereals;
3. vegetables;
4. berries and fruits.

1. Home farm (breeding).

   There are several popular areas:

   1. Cattle: cows and goats (for dairy and meat products), pigs, sheep (wool), rabbits;
   2. fish breeding (trout, sturgeon, carp);
   3. birds (chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys).

2. Additional areas of farming.

   This is one of the strengths of farming.
   Almost any type of activity allows for additional profit.
   This is beneficial, because you use your own raw materials for manufacturing, and do not buy:

   1. vegetables, berries, fruits can be frozen and sold;
   2. dairy products can be used for the manufacture and sale of cottage cheese, sour cream, cheese, fermented baked milk;
   3. if the farm produces grain, you can make flour from it or bake bakery products.

What are the characteristics of a farming business?

In order to open and run a farm business profitably and legally, it is worth considering several distinctive features from other business options:

• Farming is often a family business.

  After all, only people related by family ties and over 16 years old can be its members.
  But do not think that you can only open a mini farm with such a small staff.
  It is allowed to attract employees “from outside”, but not more than 5.

• Each member of the farm is obliged to take a personal part in the production.
• A farm can be called a farm if it produces at least 70% of agricultural products.
• The state supports the farming business in every possible way, so entrepreneurs can count on assistance in buying equipment and even getting a piece of land for free.

How to open a farm: step by step instructions for collecting documents

But this does not mean that you will not need to register with the tax office!

Especially if you want to receive benefits or a piece of land from the state.

You can get a list of documents and instructions for registration from the law that regulates farming (N 74-FZ of June 11, 2003).

Only after all the papers are completed, you can start organizing the farm itself.

You need to start by finding a suitable piece of land, and then proceed to resolve other issues.

Analysis of the current situation in agriculture

Small business is now actively developing all over the world, and the Russian Federation is no exception.

Particularly noteworthy are such areas as trade, services and private farming.

The latter demonstrates a high level of profitability and finds every kind of support from the state.

If we evaluate the growth rate of agriculture as a whole, we can say about its fall.

It was replaced by technological progress, GMOs.

There are fewer and fewer able-bodied people left in the villages, and young people do not strive to devote themselves to farming.

But it is worth noting that in the wake of a healthy lifestyle, a boom in vegetarianism and a raw food diet, the demand for farming has begun to grow again.

But mainly for mini-production of home-made, absolutely environmentally friendly products.

This state of affairs gives excellent prospects for opening a farm.

There is no point in wasting time when competition is at a moderate level and farmer demand is starting to pick up.

How to open your own farm: choosing land for farming

The first thing that is important for an entrepreneur who decides to open a farm from scratch is a suitable piece of land.

At the start, it is not necessary to buy it, especially since not everyone has the appropriate starting capital.

For starters, rent it.

If the entrepreneurial activity is moving forward profitably, then it will be possible to return to the issue of buying in the future.

It is best to look for a farming area outside the city, away from any industrial facilities, major roads, and other farms.

But not at a great distance, so that you can quickly and cost-effectively transport farm products to buyers.

If you intend to plant plants or raise cattle, an environmentally friendly and safe environment is important.

Also, some features appear depending on the selected area of ​​farming:

• For breeding cattle, a piece of land must be large, have a sufficient area of ​​lawns for grazing, a reservoir.
• If the farm is beekeeping, there must be fields with flower stalks next to the apiary.
  Otherwise, you will have to plant them yourself.
• The presence of a reservoir is also important if you will be breeding waterfowl.

What kind of staff to hire in your farm?

Farming is extremely difficult, especially for a novice entrepreneur.

Therefore, even with all the knowledge necessary for work, a businessman needs to hire a staff of workers.

For each area of ​​activity, the list of required positions will be different.

But for any farming niche related to animals, you cannot do without a key person - a veterinarian.

It will deal with the prevention or minimization of the main risk - animal diseases and quarantine.

Also, the veterinarian allows you to carry out childbirth at the highest level, that is, to increase the farm livestock in a natural way without the cost of purchasing. So investing in the best veterinarian is beneficial for the entrepreneur.

The rest of the list of hired people will look like this:

• An ordinary peasant farm mini-farm: a butcher, a livestock specialist, a milkmaid, a manager, a cleaner.
• Beekeeping: depends on the number of hives, usually there is 1 beekeeper for 10 of them.
• Breeding rabbits or birds: a simple task, it is enough to hire 1-2 helpers.

  But this is only true for mini farm production.
  For a business with a thousand livestock, the number of employees will be ten times greater.

How to open a farm: sales outlets

For example, the main livestock product - meat - will be bought by restaurants, shops, and individuals.

There is also a demand for by-products of production - wool, down. Although the demand for them, of course, is lower than for meat.

Also, catering outlets and various trading companies will buy fruits, vegetables, herbs, and grains.

It should be borne in mind that in this case sales will take place in wholesale sizes, therefore the purchase cost for customers will be lower than the usual retail one.

If for crop production it is not difficult to trade in large quantities, then it is not so easy to collect sufficient volumes of honey.

So if you decide to breed bees on the scale of a full-fledged business, a mini apiary is not suitable for these purposes.

It will be necessary to purchase at least 50 bee colonies in order to produce the required volume of product.

Therefore, most often beekeeping is organized by the whole family - after all, it is almost impossible to serve such a large apiary yourself.

But at the same time, farming is very profitable, the level of profitability is at least 20-30%.

How much money do you need to start a farm?

The point that must be carefully calculated when is the size of the investment.

After all, everyone will have their own list of expenses, and, accordingly, the amount.

Most of it will be spent on renting the territory that will suit your agriculture.

Also, in the case of choosing animal husbandry, a lot of capital will be spent on the purchase of the first batch of animals or insects (beekeeping).

One of the significant advantages is the one-time cost of opening a farm.

In almost any other business, monthly infusions of considerable amounts are required.

An entrepreneur invests money in a peasant farm once and then works for himself.

An indicative list of expenses for starting a peasant business looks like this:

What are the risks for farming?

Having your own peasant business is definitely not the most risky thing, according to many.

However, in this area, in fact, there are many potential troubles that can ruin the economy and lead to losses.

The list for a specific selected area of ​​​​KFH will be different, but the general list includes:

• unfavorable weather conditions for plant growth,
• various natural disasters
• pest infestations,
• diseases among livestock
• quarantine zones for animals.

How profitable is it to have a farm,

in real numbers, a working farmer says:

How quickly will your peasant economy pay off?

The amount of investments from scratch will be determined by the particular sector in agriculture that the entrepreneur has decided to engage in.

Indeed, to open from scratch, a different list of equipment, the number of personnel, the type and cost of purchased consumables will be required.

Products obtained in agricultural production are in demand among all segments of the population.

The trend towards an organic lifestyle that has emerged in recent years has only reinforced the growing demand for natural products.

So if the above step-by-step instructions on how to open a farm are followed by an entrepreneur point by point and he produces exceptionally high-quality goods, the KFH business will flourish!

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