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Man as a spiritual being Brichenko L.V., teacher, secondary school №262 2013

The spiritual world of a person Knowledge Feelings Faith Aspirations Values ​​Ideals Spirituality is a morally oriented will and mind of a person, the highest level of development and self-regulation of a mature personality

Highest human values

Unites Motherland Language Age Position Interests Religion Separates Motherland Language Age Position Interests Religion People

The most important elements of spirituality

Values ​​(according to Evrasov B.S.) Political Civil society Human rights Civil liberties State Law Moral Friendship Good Love Loyalty Disinterestedness Social Status Labor Work Collective Religious God Salvation Divine Law Grace Tradition Rites Aesthetic Beauty Style Harmony Taste Image Vital Life Family Health Wellbeing Environment

This is a system of norms and rules that regulate communication and behavior of people, ensuring the unity of public and personal interests The task of morality is to distinguish between virtue and vice Morality

Commandments of Buddha, Confucius, Moses, Jesus Christ, Mohammed Sacred books: Bible, Koran, Torah Mass everyday practice: Sources of morality Virtue Freedom Love Honesty Generosity Kindness Diligence Modesty Fidelity Mercy Vice Murder Theft Lies Hypocrisy Treachery Cruelty Cunning Greed Cowardice Condemnation APPROVAL

THE GOLDEN RULE THE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE OF I. KANT Always act according to such a maxim, the universality of which you can wish as a law. THE GOLDEN RULE OF MORALITY Do not do to another what you do not wish to yourself. Treat others the way you want to be treated

The ability of a person to recognize ethical values ​​and be guided by them in all life situations, independently formulate their moral duties, exercise moral self-control, be aware of their duty to other people Conscience is the internal regulator of our behavior The hardest thing in life is the torment of an unclean conscience

Like a great man - Titan and genius He dominates even in the stratosphere The great author of colorful creations, Glorified in his love and faith he, grieving, On the way, good and evil with his mind, He combined and distinguished from the age to FIND YOURSELF, DENY YOURSELF AND STILL RECOGNIZE IN YOURSELF THE GREATNESS AND INSIGNITY OF HUMAN ... (B. Brecht)

Farewell, unwashed Russia, a country of slaves, a country of masters ... M.Yu. Lermontov If the holy army shouts “Throw you Rus', live in paradise”, I will say - “Don’t need paradise, give my Motherland” S. Yesenin Citizenship and patriotism

The moral shell of a person Experience is the son of difficult mistakes ...

The totality of a person's views on the world that surrounds him, expressing the attitude of a person to the world A holistic view of nature, society, a person, which is expressed in the system of values ​​and ideals of an individual, social group, society Worldview, worldview, worldview ...

Types of worldviews Nature-centrism Theocentrism Knowledge-centrism Science-centrism Socio-centrism Anthropocentrism

Ordinary, worldly (formed spontaneously on the basis of life experience) Religious (formed under the influence of religious texts, sermons) Scientific (based on the achievements of science and advanced thought) Classification of worldview types

Gives guidelines and goals in practical and theoretical activities Allows you to choose the best path to achieve them Helps to distinguish between true and imaginary values ​​The role of worldview in people's activities

The soul is obliged to work both day and night, And day and night ...

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

PROJECT "Man - Personality" Spiritual and moral development and education of students in the context of the introduction of Federal State Educational Standards

The project is aimed at solving the problem: how to organize the educational extracurricular activities of schoolchildren so that it is aimed at achieving educational results and effects....

MAN AS A SPIRITUAL BEING.

Plan-summary of two lessons of social science in the 10th grade "Man as a Spiritual Being", allowing students to help students understand the spiritual and moral guidelines of a person and their role in the activity ...

The spiritual sphere of human activity, society is the most sublime, because here is born and realized what distinguishes a person from other living beings.

The spiritual sphere of human activity: morality, science, religion, education, art, culture

The spiritual world of a person is the individual characteristics of a person, this is his temperament, character, interests, intellect, needs, abilities.

The spiritual life of society is a relatively independent area of ​​social life, the basis of which is the production, consumption and transfer of spiritual values. The structure of the spiritual life of society consists of spiritual needs, spiritual production and spiritual goods.

The spiritual life of society must necessarily include the right of a person to spiritual freedom, to the realization of one's abilities, and the satisfaction of spiritual needs. The spiritual life of society must be protected by law.

"Human self-construction" - this is the choice of a life path, a person's place in the world, acquaintance with the moral attitudes of society. A person builds himself as a spiritual being, realizes that he is the creator of spiritual life, culture, the bearer of the spirit and mind.

Spirituality- these are feelings and awareness of reality, directly or indirectly directs the life of a person. Spirit- this is an objectively existing, individual beginning, capable of directing the activities of man and society. Soul- an individualized spirit, a subjectively existing beginning.

Morality (morality) is a set of special, spiritual rules that regulate a person’s behavior, his attitude towards other people, himself, and also towards the environment.

The meaning of morality is embodied in the golden rule:

“do to another as you would like him to do to you” (or “DO NOT do to another what you do not want yourself”)

The requirement of morality applies to all people and does not allow any exceptions. Moral standards are an example of correct behavior.

Meaning and role of morality. 1. Good 2. Duty 3. Conscience. Good- everything that contributes to the improvement of life, the moral elevation of the individual, the improvement of society and nature. The highest manifestation of goodness is peace and love. Duty- the transformation of the requirement of morality into a personal task of this particular person. Conscience- the ability of a person to exercise moral self-control, to independently form moral duties for himself, to demand from himself their fulfillment and to make a self-assessment of the actions performed.

In the process of historical development, morality plays an extraordinary role in society.. 1. Regulates human behavior in all spheres of public life. 2. Is a life guide for a person striving for self-improvement. 3. Forms the moral character of the individual. 4. Provides unity and consistency in the interaction of people in a wide variety of circumstances, since the observance of universal moral principles by people makes their behavior predictable.

Values- these are ideal ideas, the highest principles that determine the norms of people's behavior and their goals (life, goodness, harmony, citizenship, patriotism, labor, knowledge, human freedom)

Worldview is a set of a person's views on the world, as well as his attitude to the world.

Worldview types.

• Ordinary (everyday, spontaneously formed in the process of personal practical activity)
• Religious (its basis is religious teachings)
• Scientific (based on the achievement of science, the scientific picture of the world)

Scientists also talk about a humanistic worldview, the basis of which should be a turn towards a person, everything that is connected with a person.

• Rights to privacy
• The principle of the rule of law
• "Golden Rule of Morality"
• The presence of public relations

Are the following statements correct?

A) The spiritual sphere is a subsystem of society as a whole.

B) Changes in the spiritual sphere are the result of changes in society.

• Only A is true
• Only B is true
• Both statements are correct
• Both statements are wrong

Spiritual culture is

1) reading culture

2) religious cult

3) the process and result of spiritual production

4) sustainable predominance of spiritual needs over material ones

Art, science, education are covered by the concept

1) spiritual culture

2) social progress

3) industrial society

4) social stratification

Humanism is:

• Incorruptibility washed and fearlessness in the face of inhumanity
• Humanity, respect for the personal dignity of a person, faith in his future
• Sentimentality
• Special kind of activity

Morality versus Law:

• Relies solely on the support of society.

• Contains the norms of human behavior
• Arises on the basis of the historical experience of people
• Is in development

The rules “Do not do to others what you do not wish for yourself”, “do not steal”, “Do not lie”, “Honor the elders” are the norms: 1. art 2. morality 3. science 4. law

You accidentally, unwittingly, caused damage or harm to another person. Which choice corresponds to the moral position of a humane person?

• Do your best to eliminate evil, damage
• Pretend like nothing happened
• Try not to let anyone see the damage you've done
• Put the blame on the one who suffered.

Worldview in a person's life is: 1. a guideline for his activities 2. strengthening his life experience 3. connection with religion and science

The worldview of a person depends on:

• historical conditions
• life experience
• From the level of education
• internal culture

The products of material culture do not include: 1. skyscraper 2. music 3. car 4. TV

Spiritual values ​​include:

• Microscope
• Scientific discovery
• Computer
• video cassettes

The moral qualities of a person: 1. are laid down from birth 2. are developed by self-education, self-improvement 3. are purposefully formed by society

Worldview ideals, universal moral norms, reflecting the spiritual experience of all mankind, emerging in the process of spiritual and practical activities of people are:

• Moral
• culture
• Human values
• public consciousness

Criteria of human spirituality: 1. active life position 2. possession of higher education 3. commitment in thoughts and actions to universal human values

The level of development of spiritual culture is measured:

1. The volume of spiritual values ​​created in society

2. The quality of spiritual products

3. How people use the achievements of spiritual culture

4. The degree of achievement of social equality of people, their familiarization with the values ​​of culture

Morality, unlike law, includes: 1. any law 2. The constitution of the state 3. the charter of a public organization 4. certain principles, norms of behavior

The system of generalized views on the surrounding reality is:

• Philosophy
• 2 worldview
• The science
• Sociology

Lesson #7-8

Social Studies, 10

Man as a spiritual being

D.Z.: § 4, ?? (p. 45), tasks (p. 45-46)

© [email protected]

© ed. A.I. Kolmakov

Lesson Objectives

• the formation of students' moral guidelines, humanistic worldview, citizenship and general culture;
• developing an understanding of the concept of “spirituality”;
• formation of communicative, informational, sociocultural competence, own position;
• education of moral and spiritual values.

Concepts, terms

• SPIRITUAL WORLD;
• SPIRITUAL GUIDELINES OF A PERSON: MORALITY, VALUES, IDEALS, CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE MORAL CATEGORIES, WORLD VIEW AND TYPES OF ITS CLASSIFICATION

Know and be able

Be able to:

• tell your opinion;
• work with the text of the textbook;
• answer the questions posed;
• define the concepts: spiritual guidelines, ideal, patriotism, citizenship, worldview;
• explain the essence of the worldview.

REPEAT

WHAT APPEARED EARLIER: THE INDIVIDUAL OR SOCIETY?

HISTORICALLY SUSTAINABLE FORMS OF ORGANIZATION OF JOINT ACTIVITIES REGULATED BY NORMS AND TRADITIONS, CUSTOMS AND AIMED TO SATISFY THE NEEDS OF THE SOCIETY.

FIVE SOCIAL NEEDS

REPEAT

THE MEANING OF LIFE IN HUMAN EXISTENCE.

THE MEANING OF LIFE: POINTS OF VIEW

SELF-REALIZATION, SELF-RESOLUTION

THE PURPOSE OF LIFE IS HAPPINESS

HAVE…

GIVE AWAY

How is a spiritual person different from a non-spiritual one?

Does the ship have a helmsman named "personality"?

Are there people who do not have a worldview?

Learning new material for questions

• Man as a spiritual being.
• spiritual life of man.
• Worldview.
• Value orientations of the individual.
• Patriotism and citizenship.

SPIRITUAL WORLD OF HUMAN.

INTERNAL SPIRITUAL LIFE OF A HUMAN WHICH INCLUDES KNOWLEDGE, FAITH, FEELINGS, STRIVINGS OF PEOPLE

SPIRITUAL WORLD

HIGH DEVELOPMENT OF SPIRITUAL LIFE BRINGS HIGH PERSONAL QUALITIES TO A PERSON

SPIRITUALITY - THIS IS THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-REGULATION OF A MATURE PERSON. EVERY SPIRITUAL WORLD IS INDIVIDUAL.

WHO SETS THE STANDARDS?

YOU CAN ANSWER THIS: WHAT STOPS YOU IN THE SITUATION OF CHOICE?

BACK TO HISTORY:

• GREAT PEOPLE - Confucius, Buddha, Moses, Christ.
• "GOLDEN RULE OF MORALITY:" DO TO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD LIKE OTHERS TO DO TO YOU"

• - NORMS AND RULES OF MORALITY FROM EVERYDAY PRACTICE

MORALITY - THIS IS A SYSTEM OF NORMS, RULES REGULATING COMMUNICATION AND BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE, PROVIDING THE UNITY OF PUBLIC

AND PERSONAL INTERESTS.

SPIRITUAL GUIDELINES OF A PERSON: MORALITY, VALUES, IDEALS.

HUMANITY HAS DEVELOPED BASIC MARAL PROHIBITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS: DON'T KILL, DON'T STEAL, TELL THE TRUTH, ETC.

KANT FORMULATED - CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE-

UNCONDITIONAL COMPULSORY DEMAND WITHOUT POSSIBLE OBJECTION, BINDING FOR ALL PEOPLE « DO ALWAYS

ACCORDING TO SUCH MAXIM WHICH YOU MAY DESIRE TO BE UNIVERSAL AS A LAW.

"DO NOT DO TO OTHERS WHAT YOU DO NOT WANT TO YOURSELF"

PHILOSOPHERS STUDYED THE MORAL INSTITUTIONS OF A PERSON

SPIRITUAL GUIDELINES OF A PERSON: MORALITY, VALUES, IDEALS.

IN ADDITION TO DIRECT NORMS OF BEHAVIOR, MORALITY INCLUDES: IDEALS, VALUES, CATEGORIES (THE MOST GENERAL, FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS)

IDEAL - THIS IS PERFECTION, THE HIGHEST GOAL OF HUMAN STRIVE - HUMAN MODELING OF THE DESIRED FUTURE.

VALUES- REFLECT WHAT IS MOST VALUABLE FOR A HUMAN. ON THEIR BASIS PEOPLE MAKE A DECISION. VALUES CAN BE LEGAL, POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS, ARTISTIC, PROFESSIONAL, MORAL.

IDEAL AND

VALUES

SPIRITUAL GUIDELINES OF A PERSON: MORALITY, VALUES, IDEALS.

GOOD AND EVIL

VIRTUE AND VICE.

THE MOST IMPORTANT MORAL CATEGORY IS – CONSCIENCE

THE ABILITY OF A PERSON TO FULFILL ETHICAL VALUES, TO BE GUIDED BY THEM IN LIFE SITUATIONS AND TO EXERCISE MORAL SELF-CONTROL.

IMPORTANT VALUE GUIDELINES - PATRIOTISM AND CITIZENSHIP

THE MOST IMPORTANT MORAL VALUES IN THE SYSTEM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CATEGORIES OF MORALITY

FORMATION OF MORAL PRINCIPLES AND SELF-EDUCATION

HOW IS THE FORMATION OF MORAL PRINCIPLES IN A HUMAN: SPONENTLY OR CONSCIOUSLY

MORAL QUALITIES INHERENT TO HUMANS FROM BIRTH

POINTS OF VIEW

REPRESENTATIVES OF EASTERN PHILOSOPHY-

MAN THE CARRIER OF EVIL

MORAL QUALITIES ARE FORMED IN THE FAMILY, IN COMMUNICATION, SCHOOL, IN THE PROCESS OF SELF-EDUCATION, WHERE THE MOST IMPORTANT THING IS SELF CONTROL

WORLD VIEW AND ITS ROLE IN HUMAN LIFE.

-THEOCENTRISM,

NATURAL DE-CENTRISM,

ANTHROPOCENTRISM,

SOCIO-CENTRISM, SCIENTIFIC CENTRISM.

THE FOLLOWING CLASSIFICATION:

- COMMON WORLD VIEW OR WORLDLY- BASED ON PRACTICE.

ITS WEAKNESS IS THE LACK OF USE OF THE EXPERIENCE OF OTHER PEOPLE.

RELIGIOUS WORLD VIEW :

BASIS IN RELIGION. WEAKNESS IN Irreconcilability, IGNORING SCIENCE.

SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW –SCIENTIFIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD, INSUFFICIENT ATTENTION TO THE HUMAN PROBLEM

WORLD VIEW- THIS IS A HOLISTIC VIEW OF NATURE, SOCIETY, HUMAN, FINDING EXPRESSION IN THE SYSTEM OF VALUES AND IDEALS OF A PERSON, SOCIAL GROUP, SOCIETY

Historical types of worldview

Mythology

Historically, the first type of worldview or a way of shaping worldview ideas arises at the stage of the formation of human society. This worldview is characteristic of the primitive communal system and early class society.

Religion

this is a way of mastering reality through its doubling into natural, earthly, this-worldly and supernatural, heavenly, other-worldly. The religious worldview differs from the mythological one in the way of spiritual development of reality.

philosophy

A feature of the philosophical worldview has become abstract-conceptual, and not sensory-figurative, as in other types of worldview, form mastery of reality. The difference between the philosophical worldview and the mythological and religious is not in the form, but in the content of the development of reality.

THE ROLE OF WORLD VIEW IN PEOPLE'S ACTIVITIES.

WORLD VIEW GIVES A PERSON GUIDELINES AND GOALS IN HIS ACTIVITIES

WORLD VIEW

WORLDVIEW HELPING A PERSON HOW TO ACHIEVE THE GOALS BETTER.

E WORLD VIEW ON THE BASIS OF VALUE GUIDELINES DETERMINES TRUE VALUES

PRACTICAL CONCLUSIONS.

1. Spiritual life- this is what elevates a person, fills his activity with deep meaning, contributes to the choice of the right guidelines. It requires constant enrichment through communication and especially by referring to the works of Russian and foreign philosophers, the sacred books of world religions, masterpieces of domestic and world fiction, music, and painting.

2. Moral self-education means the unity of consciousness and behavior, the steady implementation of moral standards in life and activity. Only in the experience of good deeds and opposition to evil can moral self-improvement be consciously carried out.

3. Our time allows a person to make ideological self-determination. But it should be remembered that the ordinary worldview leaves a person at the level of everyday concerns and does not give him sufficient grounds for orientation in the complex and rapidly changing modern world. Everyone chooses what, in his opinion, helps him to live.

Document

• From the creative heritage of the Russian philosopher S. N. Bulgakov. ... Two principles are constantly fighting in a person, of which one attracts him to the active activity of the spirit, to spiritual work in the name of the ideal ..., and the other seeks to paralyze this activity, drown out the higher needs of the spirit, make existence carnal, meager and vile. This second beginning is true philistinism; the tradesman sits in every person, always ready to lay his deadening hand on him as soon as his spiritual energy weakens. It is in the struggle with oneself, which includes the struggle with the external world as well, that moral life consists, which therefore has as its condition this fundamental dualism of our existence, the struggle of two souls that live in one body not only in Faust, but also in every person ...

Document

• Questions and tasks for the document 1. What does the moral life of a person consist in, according to the philosopher? 2. What is the difference between Bulgakov's concepts of "soul" and "spirit"? 3. In what sense does the author use the words "spirit", "spiritual"? Justify your answer using the text. 4. What ideas expressed in the paragraph are consonant with the ideas of the philosopher? 5. What conclusions can be drawn from this text?

Control questions

1. What are the spiritual and moral guidelines of a person, what is their role in activity?

2. What is the content and meaning of the "golden rule" of morality? What is the essence of the categorical imperative?

3. What are moral values? Describe them. What is the special significance of moral values ​​for the citizens of our country in the most difficult moments of its historical development? 4. Why is the formation of a person's moral qualities impossible without self-education? 5. What is the essence of the worldview? Why is the worldview often called the core of the spiritual world of the individual? 6. What types of worldview does science distinguish? What characterizes each of them? 7. What is common in the concepts of "morality" and "worldview"? What is their difference? 8. What is the significance of the worldview for human activity?

• Today I found out...
• It was interesting…
• It was difficult…
• I learned…
• I was able...
• I was surprised...
• I wanted…

slide 1

Lesson topic:
Man as a spiritual being

slide 2

Let's check ourselves!
Why, addressing the essence of man, we ask what is a man, and not who is a man?

slide 3

Let's check ourselves!
What are the main (essential) distinguishing features of a person?

slide 4

Let's check ourselves!
What sciences study man? Which problems in the study of man can be attributed to the eternal, and which to the actual?

slide 5

Determine the elements of which are the following phenomena:
spiritual realm
Political sphere
Economic sphere
Social sphere

slide 6

Man as a spiritual being

Slide 7

Spiritual world of man.
The concept of the spiritual life of people embraces all the wealth of feelings and achievements of the mind, unites the assimilation of accumulated spiritual values ​​by mankind and the creative consciousness of new ones. For a person who has a highly developed spiritual life, spirituality means striving for the height of ideals and thoughts that determine the direction of all activity. For a spiritual person, the motive and meaning of life are not personal needs and relationships, but the highest human values.

Slide 8

The assimilation of certain values ​​creates value orientations - a conscious desire of a person to build his life and transform reality in accordance with them. A person whose spiritual life is not well developed is spiritually incapable of seeing and feeling all the diversity and beauty of the surrounding world.

Slide 9

Morality is a system of norms, rules governing communication and behavior of people, ensuring the unity of public and personal interests.

Slide 10

Morality is the internal attitude of an individual to act according to his conscience and free will.

slide 11

Task: pp.36-39
1. How morality evolved (or who sets moral standards). 2. Prove that moral standards have been developed over millennia. 3. What does the categorical imperative mean. 4. Moral categories.

slide 13

"Golden Rule of Morality"
"Don't do to anyone what you don't want done to you!" Chilon

Slide 14

The tasks of morality
morality
evaluates
educates
governs

slide 15

moral values
Legal assessment
Moral assessment
State
?

slide 16

Shame
Dignity
Repentance
Self-esteem
Conscience

Slide 17

"Yes, pitiful is the one in whom the conscience is not clear!" A.S. Pushkin
"There can be no true pleasure if a person's conscience is not clear." Margaret of Navarre
"What is glory? Happiness is direct for us to live with our conscience in peace! G.R.Derzhavin

Slide 18

Conscience is the ability of a person to independently formulate his own moral obligations, to implement moral self-control, to demand from himself their fulfillment and to make a self-assessment of the actions performed.

Slide 19

Highlight those positions that are valuable to you in life.
Good studies
Understanding Parents
Visiting theaters and museums
Faithful friends
class respect
Reading
Good attitude of teachers
Pets
Sports success
Pocket money for spending
fashion clothes

Slide 20

Write down that you can never forgive a person you are friends with or respect. Explain why. Complete the list.
Rudeness
?
Weakness of character
Coarseness
?
Betrayal
Greed
meanness
?

slide 21

The most important value for any person is life. but sometimes people take risks. Read the texts and identify the values ​​for which people risked their lives.
Two climbing friends in the mountains fell under a collapse of stones. One was seriously injured, and the second saved him, risking his own life.
During the typhus epidemic, the doctor helped the sick, although he knew that this disease was.
In 1941, thousands of volunteers went to the front to fight the fascist troops that attacked our country.
Submit your situation.

slide 22

What are values?
Values ​​are the positive significance of something that is not questioned. Moral values ​​serve as an ideal for all people. Seven fundamental values: Truth, Goodness, Benefit, Domination, Justice, Freedom, Beauty.

slide 23

Point out that you never allow yourself to communicate with the person you love and cherish. Explain why. Add your options.
be rude
Tell a lie
?
deceive
Raise voice
?
Look untidy
?

slide 24

What is an ideal?
The ideal is a model, something perfect, the highest goal of aspirations.

Slide 25

Patriotism is a value attitude to the Fatherland, devotion and love for the Motherland, one's people.
citizenship

slide 26

Worldview and its role in human life
Worldview is a holistic view of nature, society, man, which is expressed in the system of values ​​and ideals of the individual, social group, society.
Worldview types:
mundane (everyday)
2. religious
3. scientific

Slide 27

Classification of types of outlook.
Ordinary mindset. The ordinary worldview arises in a person's life in the process of his personal practical activity, therefore it is sometimes called the worldly worldview. Such a worldview is formed spontaneously. Ordinary worldview is based on the direct life experience of a person.

slide 2

The concept of the spiritual life of people embraces all the wealth of feelings and achievements of the mind, unites the assimilation of accumulated spiritual values ​​by mankind and the creative consciousness of new ones. For a person who has a highly developed spiritual life, spirituality means striving for the height of ideals and thoughts that determine the direction of all activity. For a spiritual person, the motive and meaning of life are not personal needs and relationships, but the highest human values.

slide 3

The assimilation of certain values ​​creates value orientations - a conscious desire of a person to build his life and transform reality in accordance with them. A person whose spiritual life is not well developed is spiritually incapable of seeing and feeling all the diversity and beauty of the surrounding world.

slide 4

Morality is a system of norms, rules governing communication and behavior of people, ensuring the unity of public and personal interests. The "golden rule" of morality: "Do to others the way you would like others to do to you." The categorical imperative is an unconditional coercive requirement that does not allow objections, binding on all people, regardless of origin, position, circumstances. The philosopher I. Kant formulated the categorical imperative of morality: “Always act to such a maxim, the universality of which, as a law, you can at the same time wish for.”

slide 5

The ideal is perfection, the highest goal of human striving, the idea of ​​the highest moral requirements, the most sublime in man. Values ​​are what is most precious, sacred both for one person and for all mankind. Anti-values ​​or negative values ​​- people's negative attitude towards certain phenomena

slide 6

Values ​​can be legal, political, religious, artistic, professional, moral. The most important moral values ​​make up the system of value-moral orientation of a person, inextricably linked with the categories of morality. Moral categories are pair-correlative in nature, for example, good and evil.

Slide 7

One of the most important moral categories is conscience. Conscience is the ability of a person to learn ethical values ​​and be guided by them in all life situations, independently formulate their moral duties, exercise moral self-control, realize their duty to other people.

Slide 8

Patriotism is one of the most important values. Patriotism is the attitude of a person to his Fatherland, devotion and love for the Motherland, his people. Patriotic feelings and ideas elevate a person morally only when they are associated with respect for people of different nationalities. The qualities of citizenship are the socio-psychological and moral qualities of a person, combining both a feeling of love for the Motherland, and responsibility for the normal development of its social and political institutions, and awareness of oneself as a full-fledged citizen with a set of rights and duties.

Slide 9

Moral principles are not laid down in a person from birth, but are formed in the family on the example that is before his eyes; in the process of communicating with other people, during the period of education and upbringing at school, in the perception of such cultural monuments that allow both to join the already achieved moral consciousness and to form one's own moral values ​​on the basis of self-education. Self-education in the sphere of morality is, first of all, self-control, making high demands on oneself in all types of one's activities.

Slide 10

Worldview is a holistic view of nature, society, man, which is expressed in the system of values ​​and ideals of the individual, social group, society. The worldview of a person is of a historical nature: each historical era has its own level of knowledge, its own problems, its own approaches to solving them, its own spiritual values.

slide 11

Ordinary mindset. The ordinary worldview arises in a person's life in the process of his personal practical activity, therefore it is sometimes called the worldly worldview. Such a worldview is formed spontaneously. Ordinary worldview is based on the direct life experience of a person.

slide 12

Religious worldview - a worldview based on religious teachings contained in such monuments of world spiritual culture as the Koran and the Bible. Religion contains a certain picture of the world, the doctrine of the destiny of man, the commandments aimed at educating him in a certain way of life, to save the soul.

slide 13

The scientific worldview is the legitimate heir to that direction of world philosophical thought, which in its development has constantly relied on the achievements of science. It includes the scientific picture of the world, the generalized results of the achievements of human knowledge, the principles of the relationship of man with the natural and artificial environment.

Slide 14

1. Worldview gives a person guidelines and goals for all his practical and theoretical activities. 2. The worldview, through its “core” philosophy, allows people to understand how best to achieve the intended guidelines and goals, equips them with methods of cognition and activity. 3. Based on the value orientations contained in the worldview, a person gets the opportunity to determine the true values ​​​​of life and culture, to distinguish what is really important for a person’s activity in achieving his goals from what has no real significance.

slide 15

It is in the worldview that a person understands the world and the tendencies of its development, human capabilities and the meaning of activity, good and evil, beauty and ugliness.

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