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Simbirsk Governor A.M. Zagryazhsky, on behalf of 38 Simbirsk nobles, petitioned the emperoron the creation in Simbirsk of a monument to N.M. Karamzin with the opening of an all-imperial subscription to raise funds for its construction. Soon the consent was received, significant funds were collected, but the decision on what the monument should be was delayed.

Emperor Nicholas I, who visited years in personally indicated the location of the monument and ordered: “Conclude a contract with the professor of the Academy of Arts Galberg to make within three years .... the aforementioned monument with bas-reliefs, for the price he asked for 91,800 rubles ...” 550 pounds of copper needed for the construction of the monument, released from the treasury.

Only two years later, Professor Galberg began work, but, a year later, Samuil Ivanovich Galberg died, having managed to develop a project for the monument. The work of the professor was completed by his students - graduates of the Academy of Arts:, A.A. Ivanov, P.A. Stavasser and. The statue of the muse, the patroness of history, was made by A.A. Ivanov and P.A. Stavasser. One of and a bust of N.M. Karamzin, fashioned, the other -. The red granite pedestal from Finland was made in St. Petersburg by craftsman S.L. Anisimov. The statue of Clio, the bust of the historiographer and the high reliefs were cast in bronze in a foundry under the guidance of a professor Baron. All the details of the monument were delivered to the navigation of 1844, and the following spring and summer, work was carried out to prepare the site and install the pedestal.

The monument was inaugurated year (old style). The monument was created according to the customs of that time, in the style of classicism. On the pedestal stands the majestic statue of the muse of history, Clio: with her right hand she lays the tablets on the altar of immortality - the main work of N.M. Karamzin, and in the left she holds a pipe, with the help of which she intends to broadcast about the glorious pages of the life of Russia.

In the pedestal of the monument, in a round niche, there is a bust of the historian. The pedestal is decorated with two high reliefs. On the northern depicted Karamzin reading an excerpt from his "History" in the presence of his sister during the emperor's stay in Tver in 1811. On the other, also in allegorical form, Nikolai Mikhailovich is depicted on his deathbed surrounded by his family at the moment when he learned about the award to him generous pension. In accordance with the canons classical style all figures of the monument are depicted in antique clothes. The inscription on the pedestal, made in superimposed letters, read:

N.M. Karamzin the historian of the Russian state by order of Emperor Nicholas I in 1844. The total height of the monument is 8.52 meters, of which the height of the pedestal is 4.97 meters, the statue of Clio is 3.55 meters.

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I wanted to write a lot About how a person can make Himself happy And be wise in this life. N.M. Karamzin

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N.M. Karamzin was born on December 12 (December 1 - according to the old style), 1766 in the village of Mikhailovka, Simbirsk province, into a noble family. Received a good home education; knew German, French, English, Italian. Childhood

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In 1778, at the age of 14, Karamzin was sent to Moscow and sent to the boarding school of Moscow University professor I.M. Shaden, where he studied from 1775 to 1781. At the same time he attended lectures at the university. adolescence

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In 1783, at the insistence of his father, Karamzin was appointed to the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment in St. Petersburg, but at the beginning of 1784 he retired and left first for Simbirsk, and then for Moscow. In Moscow, Karamzin met writers and writers: N.I. Novikov, A.M. Kutuzov, A.A. Petrov. Youth

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In 1801 Karamzin married Elizaveta Ivanovna Protasova. She died in 1802. In 1804, Karamzin married a second time - to the illegitimate daughter of Prince A.I. Vyazemsky Ekaterina Andreevna Kolyvanova. They had five children, the family also brought up Karamzin's daughter from her first marriage, Sophia. A family

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Emperor Alexander I, by a personal decree of October 31, 1803, bestowed on Karamzin the title of historiographer; at the same time, 2,000 rubles of annual salary were added to the title for writing a complete history of Russia. Since 1804, Karamzin began work on the "History of the Russian State", the compilation of which became his main occupation until the end of his life. In February 1818, Karamzin put the first eight volumes of The History of the Russian State on the market. Volume 9 was published in 1821, volumes 10 and 11 were published in 1824. Volume 12 was never completed (after Karamzin's death, it was published by D.N. Bludov). Already during the life of the writer, critical works appeared on his "History ...". At a later time, "History ..." was positively evaluated by A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol, Slavophiles; negative - the Decembrists, V.G. Belinsky, N.G. Chernyshevsky. "History of Russian Goverment"

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The prose and poetry of Karamzin had a significant impact on the development of the Russian literary language. Karamzin introduced many new words into the Russian language - both neologisms (charity, love, free-thinking, attraction, industry, touching, humane), and borrowings (sidewalk, coachman). Karamzin was one of the first to use the letter Y. Language reform

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Prior to the publication of the first eight volumes, Karamzin lived in Moscow. As a result of the Moscow fire, Karamzin's personal library, which he had collected for a quarter of a century, perished. In 1816, Karamzin moved to St. Petersburg, where he spent the last 10 years of his life and became close to the royal family. He spent the summer in Tsarskoye Selo. In 1818, Karamzin was elected an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1824 he became a real councilor of state. Karamzin was the initiator of the organization of memorials and the erection of monuments to outstanding figures of national history, one of which was the monument to K.M. Minin and D.M. Pozharsky on Red Square in Moscow (sculptor I.P. Martos, 1818). Maturity

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Karamzin's death was the result of a cold he got on December 14, 1825, and on June 3 (May 22 - O.S.), 1826, he died in St. Petersburg. He was buried at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Death

Born on December 1 (12 n.s.) 1766 in the village of Mikhailovka, Simbirsk province. He grew up in the estate of the father of retired captain Mikhail Egorovich Karamzin () a middle-class Simbirsk nobleman, a descendant of the Crimean Tatar murza Kara-Murza Znamenka church in the village of Karamzinka

At the age of 14, Karamzin was brought to Moscow and given to a private boarding school of Moscow University professor I.M. Shaden, where he studied from 1775 to Received a home education.

After graduating from it in 1783, he came to the Preobrazhensky Regiment in St. Petersburg, where he met the young poet and future employee of his "Moscow Journal" Dmitriev. with a young poet and future employee of his "Moscow Journal" Dmitriev.

By the time of military service are the first literary experiments. Then he published his first translation of S. Gesner's idyll "Wooden Leg". By the time of military service are the first literary experiments. Then he published his first translation of S. Gesner's idyll "Wooden Leg". Autograph of the poem by N.M. Karamzin "Happiness is truly preserved" (1787).

After retiring with the rank of second lieutenant in 1784, he moved to Moscow, became one of the active participants in the magazine Children's Reading for the Heart and Mind, published by N. Novikov, and became close to the Masons. "Children's Reading for the Heart and Mind", published by N. Novikov, and became close to the Masons.

In 1789, Karamzin's first original story, Evgeny and Yulia, appeared in the magazine "Children's Reading ...". In the spring, he went on a trip to Europe: he visited Germany, Switzerland, France, where he observed the activities of the revolutionary government. In June 1790 he moved from France to England. In 1789, Karamzin's first original story, Evgeny and Yulia, appeared in the magazine "Children's Reading ...". In the spring, he went on a trip to Europe: he visited Germany, Switzerland, France, where he observed the activities of the revolutionary government. In June 1790 he moved from France to England.

In the fall, Karamzin returned to Moscow and soon undertook the publication of the monthly Moscow Journal, in which most of the Letters of a Russian Traveler were printed. In the autumn, Karamzin returned to Moscow and soon undertook the publication of the monthly Moscow Journal, in which most of the Letters were printed Russian traveller.

Also in the "Moscow Journal" were published the stories "Liodor", "Poor Liza", "Natalya, the Boyar's Daughter", "Flor Silin", essays, short stories, critical articles and poems. Also in the "Moscow Journal" were published the novels "Liodor "," Poor Liza "," Natalya, the boyar's daughter "," Flor Silin ", essays, short stories, critical articles and poems. Illustration for "Poor Lisa" 1796 N. Sokolova.

Karamzin attracted Dmitriev and Petrov, Kheraskov and Derzhavin, Lvov Neledinsky-Meletsky and others to cooperate in the journal. The success of the Moscow Journal was a grandiose as many as 300 subscribers. only writing, reading Russia! At the time, a very large number. That's how small is not only writing, reading Russia! Karamzin's articles asserted a new literary trend, sentimentalism. At the time, a very large number. That's how small is not only writing, reading Russia! Karamzin's articles asserted a new literary trend, sentimentalism.

In the 1790s, Karamzin published the first Russian almanacs Aglaya and Aonides. The year 1793 arrived, when the Jacobin dictatorship was established at the third stage of the French Revolution, shocking Karamzin with its cruelty. The dictatorship aroused in him doubts about the possibility for mankind to achieve prosperity. He condemned the revolution. In the 1790s, Karamzin published the first Russian almanacs Aglaya and Aonides. The year 1793 arrived, when the Jacobin dictatorship was established at the third stage of the French Revolution, shocking Karamzin with its cruelty. The dictatorship aroused in him doubts about the possibility for mankind to achieve prosperity. He condemned the revolution.

The philosophy of despair and fatalism permeates his new works: the stories "Bornholm Island" (1793); "Sierra Morena" (1795); poems "Melancholy", "Message to A. A. Pleshcheev", etc.

N. M. Karamzin is the "father" of the letter "Yo". In 1796, in the first book of the poetic almanac "Aonides" published by Karamzin, which came out of the same university printing house, the words "dawn", "eagle", "moth", "tears", as well as the first verb “drip” of “Aonida”, which came out of the same university printing house, with the letter “yo” the words “dawn”, “eagle”, “moth”, “tears”, as well as the first verb “drip” were printed

By the mid-1790s, Karamzin had become the recognized head of Russian sentimentalism, opening a new page in Russian literature. He was an indisputable authority for Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, the young Pushkin. Karamzin is the number one writer of his time. Karamzin is the number one writer of his time.

In 1802, Karamzin's first wife, Elizaveta Ivanovna Protasova, died. In 1802, he founded the first private literary and political journal in Russia, Vestnik Evropy, for whose editorial staff he subscribed to 12 of the best foreign journals. Ekaterina Andreevna Kolyvanova.

Literature and politics dominated Vestnik Evropy. Karamzin's critical articles outlined a new aesthetic program, which contributed to the formation of Russian literature as a nationally distinctive one. Literature and politics dominated Vestnik Evropy. Karamzin's critical articles outlined a new aesthetic program, which contributed to the formation of Russian literature as a nationally distinctive one. Karamzin saw the key to the identity of Russian culture in history.

Despite the large number of authors, Karamzin has to work a lot on his own, and so that his name does not flash before the eyes of readers so often, he invents a lot of pseudonyms. At the same time, he became a popularizer of Benjamin Franklin in Russia. "Vestnik Evropy" lasted until Despite the large number of authors, Karamzin has to work hard on his own, and so that his name does not flash before the eyes of readers so often, he invents a lot of pseudonyms. At the same time, he became a popularizer of Benjamin Franklin in Russia. Vestnik Evropy existed until 1803.

From that moment on, he settled in the Moscow house of the princes Vyazemsky, in which he lived until. From that moment, he settled in the Moscow house of the princes Vyazemsky, in which he lived until. Karamzin

1804 he began work on the "History of the Russian State", the compilation of which became his main occupation until the end of his life, he began work on the "History of the Russian State", the compilation of which became his main occupation until the end of his life.

The first eight volumes of The History of the Russian State came out all at once in 1818. They say that, closing the eighth and last volume, Fyodor Tolstoy, nicknamed the American, exclaimed: "It turns out that I have a Fatherland!" And he was not alone. Thousands of people thought, and most importantly, felt this very thing. They say that, closing the eighth and last volume, Fyodor Tolstoy, nicknamed the American, exclaimed: "It turns out that I have a Fatherland!" And he was not alone. Thousands of people thought, and most importantly, felt this very thing.

Karamzin writes to his brother: "History is not a novel: a lie can always be beautiful, and only some minds like the truth in its attire." So what to write about? To set out in detail the glorious pages of the past, and only turn over the dark pages? Perhaps this is exactly what a patriotic historian should do? No, Karamzin decides patriotism only not at the expense of distorting history. He doesn't add anything, he doesn't invent anything, he doesn't exalt victories or downplay defeats. Karamzin writes to his brother: "History is not a novel: a lie can always be beautiful, and only some minds like the truth in its attire." So what to write about? To set out in detail the glorious pages of the past, and only turn over the dark pages? Perhaps this is exactly what a patriotic historian should do? No, Karamzin decides patriotism only not at the expense of distorting history. He doesn't add anything, he doesn't invent anything, he doesn't exalt victories or downplay defeats.

All students, officials, nobles, even secular ladies were read by "History". They read it in Moscow and St. Petersburg, they read it in the provinces: distant Irkutsk alone bought 400 copies. After all, it is so important for everyone to know that he has it, the Fatherland.

Presented presentation "Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin" can be used on history lessons and also in literature lessons or integrated lessons. The presentation shows the life path of the great Russian historian, writer, poet, journalist, honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

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Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766-1826) Completed by history teacher Chernusskaya I.A., Kemerovo

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin Russian historian, writer, poet, journalist, honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1818).

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Born on December 1 near Simbirsk. He grew up in the estate of his father - retired captain Mikhail Yegorovich Karamzin, a middle-class Simbirsk nobleman, a descendant of the Crimean Tatar Murza Kara-Murza. Father is a retired captain. He spent his childhood on his father's estate, was brought up in a private boarding house in Simbirsk, then in the Moscow boarding house of Professor Shaden (1775 -1781), attended lectures at the university. From 1782 he served in the Preobrazhensky Guards Regiment.

He knew Church Slavonic, French, German. At the age of 17 he became a lieutenant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment at 19 - a writer, translating Shakespeare, French authors, and he himself begins to write poetry.

In 1783, at the insistence of his father, he entered the service in the St. Petersburg Guards Regiment, but soon retired. By the time of military service are the first literary experiments. During his stay in Simbirsk, he joined the Golden Crown Masonic Lodge, and upon arrival in Moscow for four years (1785-1789) he was a member of the Friendly Learned Society Masonic Lodge.

In 1783 appeared the first printed work of Karamzin - "Wooden Leg". In 1784 Karamzin retired and lived in Simbirsk until July 1785. In 1785-89 - in Moscow, where he became close to the Moscow Freemasons, with whom he soon broke up, realizing their criminal nature. He studied the literature of the French Enlightenment, German writers and romantic poets, and was engaged in translations. Simbirsk

In Moscow, Karamzin met writers and writers: N. I. Novikov, A. M. Kutuzov, A. A. Petrov, participated in the publication of the first Russian magazine for children - “Children's Reading”.

In May 1790, Karamzin went on a trip abroad, where he stayed until mid-July 1790, visited Austria, Switzerland, France, England, met with I. Kant, I. Goethe, in Paris he witnessed the events of the French Revolution.

Karamzin outlined his impressions of the trip to Western European countries in Letters from a Russian Traveler, the publication of which immediately made Karamzin a famous writer.

The Moscow Journal published the novels “Poor Lisa”, “Letters from a Russian Traveler” (1791-1792), which brought fame to Karamzin, which put Karamzin among the first Russian writers, “Frol Silin”, “The Benevolent Man”, “Liodor”. All of them are written in the spirit of sentimentalism.

SENTIMENTALISM (fr. Sentiment) is a trend in European literature and art of the second half of the 18th century, formed within the framework of the late Enlightenment and reflecting the growth of democratic sentiments in society. Originated in the lyrics and the novel; later, penetrating into theatrical art, he gave impetus to the emergence of the genres of "tearful comedy" and petty-bourgeois drama.

“Karamzin transformed the Russian language, taking it off the stilts of Latin construction and heavy Slavicism and bringing it closer to live, natural, colloquial speech” V.G. Belinsky

Our tongue was a heavy caftan And it smelled too much of antiquity. Karamzin gave a different cut - Let the splits grumble to themselves, Everyone accepted his cut. Peter Vyazemsky.

Literary youth of that time: Zhukovsky V.A. Vyazemsky P.A. Pushkin Vasily Lvovich (Pushkin's uncle)

"Children's Reading for the Heart and Mind" (1787-1789), "Moscow Journal" (1802-1830) "Bulletin of Europe" (1802-1803) Magazines created by N.M. Karamzin

In the 1790s Karamzin paid much attention to journalism. In 1795, he led the "Mixture" section in "Moskovskie Vedomosti". Bold Articles his about Russian literature and history were published during this period abroad in the journal "Spectateur du Nord".

Even more significant was the publication of the journal "Bulletin of Europe", which created a type of Russian "thick magazine".

In the 1890s, his interest in the history of Russia increased; he gets acquainted with historical works, the main published sources: chronicle monuments, notes of foreigners, etc.

In October 1803, Karamzin obtained from Alexander I the appointment of a historiographer with a pension of 2,000 rubles. for writing Russian history. Libraries and archives were opened for him.

The literary activity of N.M. Karamzin with the creation and publication in 1803-1826 of eight volumes of the fundamental History of the Russian State. Before last day life Karamzin was busy writing "History". In this work, the writer created a gallery of the characters of the Russian people: princes, peasants, generals, heroes of numerous battles "for the Russian land."

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin died in 1826 without finishing work on the 12th volume, in which he described and analyzed the events of the Time of Troubles. Pushkin dedicated the remarkable tragedy Boris Godunov to his memory. In 1845, a monument to Nikolai Mikhailovich was erected in Simbirsk. On the monument, along with the image of Karamzin, we see a statue of the muse of history, Clio. “We love one thing, we desire one thing: we love the Fatherland, we wish it prosperity even more than glory.” N.M. Karamzin (1815)

Whatever you turn to in our literature - Karamzin laid the foundation for everything: journalism, criticism, novella, historical story, publicism, the study of history. V.G. Belinsky